PharmaNutrition最新文献_第7页

Dietary flavonoids: Promising compounds for targeting α-synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s disease 膳食黄酮类化合物：靶向帕金森病α-突触核蛋白病的有前景的化合物

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100334

Marzieh Harati , Zahra Tayarani-Najaran , Behjat Javadi

Background

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates contribute to neuronal damage and many neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) which are known as α-synucleinopathies. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds extensively found in various plant-based food such as fruits and vegetables. They have potential benefits in human health, especially in α-synucleinopathy-associated NDs.

Objective

This review summarizes the latest scientific evidence on the impact of flavonoids on α-synucleinopathy, particularly in Parkinson’s disease

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was performed to obtain relevant research studies reporting the anti- synucleinopathies effects of dietary flavonoids

Results

Baicalein, luteolin, quercetin, myricitrin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and genistein are among the most effective flavonoids against synucleinopathies. The main mechanisms of action contributing to these effects are reducing α-syn production; preventing α-syn aggregation and reducing preformed aggregates; promoting degradation of intracellular α-syn aggregates through autophagy; modulating the activity/expression of antioxidant enzymes; and protecting dopaminergic neurons from oxidative damage and apoptosis

Conclusions

The results of this review highlighted the beneficial effects of flavonoids in the prevention and management of synucleinopathies. However, there is no clinical data that support these effects in humans, which emphasizes the necessity for designing clinical trials to investigate the efficacy, safe dosage, possible side effects and pharmacokinetics characteristics of flavonoids in humans.

背景α-突触核蛋白（α-syn）聚集体导致神经元损伤和许多神经退行性疾病（ND），这些疾病被称为α-突触蛋白病。黄酮类化合物是多酚类化合物，广泛存在于各种植物性食品中，如水果和蔬菜。它们对人类健康有潜在的益处，特别是在α-突触核蛋白病相关的NDs中。目的本文综述了黄酮类化合物对α-突触蛋白病的影响，特别是对帕金森病的影响的最新科学证据，Scopus和Google Scholar进行了相关研究，报道了膳食黄酮类化合物的抗突触核蛋白病作用。导致这些效应的主要作用机制是减少α-syn的产生；防止α-syn聚集并减少预形成的聚集体；通过自噬促进细胞内α-syn聚集体的降解；调节抗氧化酶的活性/表达；以及保护多巴胺能神经元免受氧化损伤和凋亡。结论本综述的结果强调了黄酮类化合物在预防和治疗突触核蛋白疾病中的有益作用。然而，没有临床数据支持这些对人体的影响，这强调了设计临床试验以研究黄酮类化合物在人体中的疗效、安全剂量、可能的副作用和药代动力学特征的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Cranberry juice decreases oxidative stress and improves glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis supplemented with fish oil 补充鱼油的蔓越莓汁可降低类风湿性关节炎患者的氧化应激并改善葡萄糖代谢

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100341

Flávia Troncon Rosa , Elis Carolina de Souza Fatel , Daniela Frizon Alfieri , Tamires Flauzino , Bruna Miglioranza Scavuzzi , Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy , Tatiana Mayumi Veiga Iriyoda , Andréa Name Colado Simão , Isaias Dichi

Background

Beneficial effects of fish oil n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, high doses of n-3 fatty acids have been associated with increased total and LDL cholesterol and impaired glucose metabolism. Cranberry products have been reported to improve markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the metabolic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that including low-energy cranberry juice on a regimen of fish oil supplementation could improve oxidative stress and attenuate the undesirable effects of fish oil in lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with RA.

Methods

A 90-days randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients (n = 70) were assigned to one of three groups: control (C); fish oil (FO) received 3 g of fish oil PUFAs supplementation/day; and fish oil and cranberry (FOCR) received 3 g of fish oil PUFAs and 500 mL of cranberry juice/day.

Results

There was no difference in parameters between FO and the C. FOCR group showed decreased glucose (p = 0.0225), lipid (p = 0.0079), protein (p = 0.0063) oxidation, and Oxidative Stress Index (p = 0.0375) values compared to FO. FOCR reduced glucose values (p = 0.0104), triacylglycerol (p = 0.0065), protein oxidation (p = 0.0042) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) (p = 0.0053) compared to the C. Compared to baseline, FO group decreased triacylglycerol (p = 0.0374) and increased glucose (p 0.0001), whereas FOCR group decreased triacylglycerol (p = 0.0398) values.

Conclusion

500 mL/day of reduced-calorie cranberry juice in patients with RA using fish oil supplementation decreased lipid, protein oxidation and OSI.

背景鱼油n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）对类风湿性关节炎（RA）的有益作用已被报道，然而，高剂量的n-3脂肪酸与总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇增加以及葡萄糖代谢受损有关。据报道，蔓越莓产品可以改善2型糖尿病和代谢综合征患者的氧化应激、炎症和代谢特征的标志物。我们假设在补充鱼油的方案中加入低能量蔓越莓汁可以改善RA患者的氧化应激，减轻鱼油对脂质和葡萄糖代谢的不良影响。方法进行一项为期90天的随机对照试验。患者（n=70）被分为三组之一：对照组（C）；鱼油（FO）每天接受3g的鱼油PUFA补充；鱼油和蔓越莓（FOCR）每天接受3克鱼油PUFA和500毫升蔓越莓汁。结果FO和C之间的参数没有差异。与FO相比，FOCR组显示葡萄糖（p=0.0225）、脂质（p=0.0079）、蛋白质（p=0.0063）氧化和氧化应激指数（p=0.0375）值降低。FOCR降低葡萄糖值（p=0.0104），与C相比，三酰甘油（p=0.0065）、蛋白质氧化（p=0.0042）和氧化应激指数（OSI）（p=0.0053。结论500毫升/天的低热量蔓越莓汁对RA患者补充鱼油可降低脂质、蛋白质氧化和OSI。

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引用次数: 0

The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in improving liver function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials N-乙酰半胱氨酸改善肝功能的疗效：对照临床试验的系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100343

Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz , Shaghayegh Adeli , Amir Hossein Faghfouri , Fateme Khademi , Parsa Jamilian , Meysam Zarezadeh , Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mamaghani

Background

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could improve liver function through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to examine whether NAC administration could lead to changes in liver function.

Methods

The search was done using appropriate keywords in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Embase databases and Google Scholar up to July 2022. Random-effects model was employed to obtain the pooled estimate. Additional analyses including subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results

Eight eligible studies were identified. The results indicated no significant effect of NAC on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), [(SMD= −0.03 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.53, 0.47; P = 0.917, I² = 71.3%, P = 0.004), (SMD= −0.22 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.63, 0.19; P = 0.288, I² = 56.9%, P = 0.040), (SMD= −0.22 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.67, 0.23; P = 0.343, I² = 52.6%, P = 0.097), respectively], however, it significantly increased albumin (ALB) and decreased bilirubin levels [(SMD= 1.05 pg/ml; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.69; P < 0.001, I² = 87.3%, P < 0.001) and (SMD= −0.34 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.53, −0.14; P < 0.001, I² = 0.0%, P = 0.447) respectively].

Conclusion

Although NAC might have favorable effect on ALB and bilirubin levels, larger trials assessing liver function as primary outcome are required.

背景N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）具有抗氧化和抗炎作用，可改善肝功能。我们对随机临床试验进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以检查NAC给药是否会导致肝功能变化。方法截至2022年7月，在PubMed Medline、SCOPUS、Embase数据库和Google Scholar中使用适当的关键词进行搜索。采用随机效应模型来获得合并估计。进行了其他分析，包括亚组和敏感性分析。结果确定了8项符合条件的研究。结果表明，NAC对天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、，[（SMD=−0.03 pg/ml；95%置信区间：−0.53，0.47；P=0.917，I2=71.3%，P=0.004），（SMD=−0.22 pg/ml；95%CI:−0.63，0.19；P=0.288，I2=56.9%，P=0.040），它显著增加了白蛋白（ALB）并降低了胆红素水平[（SMD=1.05 pg/ml；95%CI:0.41，1.69；P<；0.001，I2=87.3%，P<；001）和（SMD=-0.34 pg/ml；95%CI:−0.53，−0.14；P<，0.001，I2=0.0%，P=0.447）]。结论尽管NAC可能对ALB和胆红素水平有良好影响，但仍需要更大规模的试验来评估肝功能作为主要结果。

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引用次数: 0

Probiotic-prebiotic therapeutic potential: A new horizon of microbial biotherapy to reduce female reproductive complications 益生菌益生元治疗潜力：微生物生物治疗减少女性生殖并发症的新视野

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100342

Kavita Rani , Gurjeet Kaur , Syed Azmal Ali

Background

Probiotics and associated prebiotics have emerged as a novel method for treating health issues in the last two decades. It has been shown that they can regulate the gut microbiota through different molecular mechanisms. Inappropriate lifestyle choices activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in immense stress. This leads to an increased incidence of patients with metabolic syndrome and an altered gut microbiota further lead to gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Microbial dysbiosis can disrupt the control and synthesis of reproductive hormones, thus leading to infertility.

Methods

In this review, we gathered information from recent studies that show how probiotics and prebiotics could help support the treatment of reproductive disorders and hormone imbalances. We discussed the biochemical effects and proposed mechanisms of action of probiotics and prebiotics that may help with infertility in humans, as well as how these functional foods could be used to treat reproductive disorders.

Results

Probiotics could restore fertility because their metabolites trigger the release of signaling molecules that control hormone production in intestinal epithelial cells and other organs. The review provides a collection of evidence that the use of probiotics and prebiotics could be a new horizon of microbial biotherapy to reduce female reproductive complications.

Conclusions

Probiotics and prebiotics may offer a new approach to treat reproductive disorders and infertility by regulating gut microbiota and restoring the control and synthesis of reproductive hormones. The potential of using these functional foods as a microbial biotherapy to alleviate female reproductive complications warrants further investigation.

背景在过去的二十年里，益生菌和相关的益生元已经成为一种治疗健康问题的新方法。研究表明，它们可以通过不同的分子机制调节肠道微生物群。不适当的生活方式选择会激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴，导致巨大的压力。这导致代谢综合征患者的发病率增加，肠道微生物群的改变进一步导致胃肠道微生态失调。微生物失调会破坏生殖激素的控制和合成，从而导致不孕。方法在这篇综述中，我们从最近的研究中收集了信息，这些研究表明益生菌和益生元如何有助于支持生殖障碍和激素失衡的治疗。我们讨论了益生菌和益生元的生物化学作用和拟议的作用机制，这些作用机制可能有助于人类不育，以及这些功能性食品如何用于治疗生殖障碍。结果益生菌可以恢复生育能力，因为它们的代谢产物会触发控制肠上皮细胞和其他器官激素产生的信号分子的释放。这篇综述提供了一系列证据，证明益生菌和益生元的使用可能是微生物生物治疗减少女性生殖并发症的新领域。结论益生菌和益生元可以通过调节肠道微生物群、恢复生殖激素的控制和合成，为治疗生殖障碍和不孕不育提供一种新的途径。使用这些功能性食品作为微生物生物疗法缓解女性生殖并发症的潜力值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 1

The effects of grape products on metabolic syndrome risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis 葡萄制品对代谢综合征危险因素的影响:一项系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100339

Adriele Debortoli da Silva , Natália Oliveira Izidoro , Leandro Roberto de Macedo , Ione Maria de Matos , Maísa Silva

Background

Grape supplementation has been suggested to contribute to improving parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the scientific literature in this field is controversial and inconclusive.

Objectives

We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials on the effect of grape product on metabolic syndrome components, including blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and glycemic and lipid profiles.

Methods

The online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO were systematically searched for relevant publications until December 2021. The review has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021287813). To compare the effects of grape product (seed extract, powder, extract, fruit, pomace, juice) with placebo, the mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled based on the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity, and assessment of study quality was conducted using the GRADE approach.

Results

In total, 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review, and 21 trials were selected for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses of the data showed that grape products had a significant effect on lipid levels, decreasing total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Grape supplementation also reduced systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. In addition, grape supplementation increased glucose serum and insulin levels. We found no significant differences in anthropometric measurements.

Conclusion

grape products may be beneficial for individuals with parameters related to MetS because they may have hypotensive and hypolipidemic properties.

背景葡萄补充剂有助于改善代谢综合征（MetS）相关参数；然而，这一领域的科学文献存在争议，也没有定论。目的：我们对葡萄制品对代谢综合征成分（包括血压、人体测量、血糖和血脂）影响的随机对照临床试验进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。方法系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和SciELO在线数据库中的相关出版物，直至2021年12月。审查已在PROSPERO注册（CRD42021287813）。为了比较葡萄产品（种子提取物、粉末、提取物、水果、果渣、果汁）与安慰剂的效果，基于随机效应模型汇总了95%置信区间（CI）的平均差异。进行亚组分析以确定异质性的来源，并使用GRADE方法评估研究质量。结果共有27项随机对照试验（RCT）被纳入本系统综述，21项试验被选择进行荟萃分析。数据的荟萃分析表明，葡萄制品对脂质水平有显著影响，降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及三酰甘油水平。补充葡萄还能降低收缩压和舒张压。此外，补充葡萄可提高血清葡萄糖和胰岛素水平。我们没有发现人体测量的显著差异。结论葡萄制品可能具有降压和降血脂的特性，对患有代谢综合征相关参数的个体有益。

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引用次数: 0

Can probiotics decrease the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women? 益生菌能降低妇女绝经后骨质疏松症的风险吗?

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100336

Iskandar Azmy Harahap, Joanna Suliburska

Background

Menopause, the natural cessation of menstruation in women, increases the risk of osteoporosis—an illness characterized by bone fragility and fracture susceptibility due to decreased estrogen levels. Several studies have confirmed that probiotics ingestion can increase bone health, but some have reported inconclusive results. In this literature review, the latest findings, developments, and trends in probiotics supplementation in postmenopausal women were discussed.

Methods

Selected articles were first subjected to a bibliometric analysis and then a literature review. These studies were registered in the Scopus database between 2010 and 2022. For more recent developments in probiotics interventions in postmenopausal women, a literature search was conducted in the ClinicalTrials.gov database.

Results

There is growing evidence to suggest that Lactobacillus strain can have a beneficial effect on osteoporosis by improving calcium absorption and bone mineral density. Specifically, certain strains of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, have been shown to increase the bioavailability of calcium by producing short-chain fatty acids that lower gut pH, making it easier for calcium to dissolve and be absorbed. In addition, probiotics can modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, which is also beneficial for bone health.

Conclusions

These findings suggested probiotics as a promising therapeutic agent in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, showing a physiological interaction between bone metabolism, calcium absorption, gene expression, and gut microbiota composition. However, to determine the dose and safety of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, long-term clinical studies of their effects in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are needed.

背景更年期是女性月经的自然停止，会增加患骨质疏松症的风险。骨质疏松症是一种因雌激素水平下降而导致骨骼脆弱和骨折易感性的疾病。几项研究已经证实，摄入益生菌可以改善骨骼健康，但一些研究报告了不确定的结果。在这篇文献综述中，讨论了绝经后妇女补充益生菌的最新发现、发展和趋势。方法对所选文章进行文献计量学分析，然后进行文献综述。这些研究在2010年至2022年间登记在Scopus数据库中。关于绝经后妇女益生菌干预的最新进展，在ClinicalTrials.gov数据库中进行了文献检索。结果越来越多的证据表明，乳酸杆菌菌株可以通过改善钙吸收和骨密度来对骨质疏松症产生有益作用。具体而言，某些益生菌菌株，如嗜酸乳杆菌，已被证明可以通过产生短链脂肪酸来提高钙的生物利用度，从而降低肠道pH值，使钙更容易溶解和吸收。此外，益生菌可以调节免疫系统，减少炎症，对骨骼健康也有益。结论益生菌是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的一种很有前途的治疗剂，表现出骨代谢、钙吸收、基因表达和肠道微生物群组成之间的生理相互作用。然而，为了确定益生菌在预防和治疗骨质疏松症中的剂量和安全性，需要对其在绝经后骨质疏松症妇女中的作用进行长期临床研究。

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引用次数: 5

Probiotics in pregnancy: Inequities in knowledge exchange, attitudes, and use of probiotics in a socio-demographically diverse, cross-sectional survey sample of pregnant Canadians 怀孕期间的益生菌：加拿大孕妇在知识交流、态度和益生菌使用方面的不平等

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100344

L. McKerracher , T. Moffat , M.E. Barker , B. Murray-Davis , K.M. Kennedy , C.J. Bellissimo , E. Yeo , D. Høtoft , L. Zalot , V. Parlette , S.A. Atkinson , D.M. Sloboda

Background

Pregnancy interventions, potentially including consumption of nutraceuticals like probiotics, represent possible avenues for preventing non-communicable diseases. However, evidence syntheses indicate that probiotic interventions, while effective in managing some pregnancy complications (e.g., gestational diabetes), do not confer health benefits to uncomplicated pregnancies. Messaging around probiotics in pregnancy is mixed, such that people with low-risk pregnancies may nevertheless feel pressure to spend limited resources on (costly) probiotics. To tailor knowledge exchange and support safe, equitable access to pregnancy probiotics when their prescription may be warranted, we need to understand who takes probiotics during pregnancy and under what conditions.

Methods

We used chi-square and logistic regression analyses of anonymous, cross-sectional survey data from 341 pregnant Canadians of diverse socio-demographic backgrounds to assess which respondents, by socio-demographic characteristics and pre-pregnancy/pregnancy health indicators, were relatively likely to: perceive probiotics as beneficial to pregnancy health and/or report taking probiotics during pregnancy.

Results

Forty-seven percent of respondents perceived probiotics as beneficial to pregnancy health; 51 % reported consuming them. Probiotic attitudes and consumption were socio-demographically-patterned: higher-income, post-secondary-educated respondents disproportionately perceived probiotics as healthy and consumed them. There was no evidence of variation in probiotics attitudes or use by pregnancy health indicators.

Conclusion

Socio-economic factors may be more important determinants of pregnancy probiotic use in this sample than indications for pregnancy complications. Clear guidelines on pregnancy probiotics that reflect current evidence are needed. Equitable access to probiotics should be facilitated for pregnant people likely to benefit from interventions (i.e., those with certain complications), supporting long-term health equity.

背景妊娠干预措施，可能包括食用益生菌等营养品，是预防非传染性疾病的可能途径。然而，综合证据表明，益生菌干预措施虽然能有效控制一些妊娠并发症（如妊娠期糖尿病），但不会对无并发症的妊娠带来健康益处。关于妊娠期益生菌的信息喜忧参半，因此低风险妊娠的人可能会感到压力，需要在（昂贵的）益生菌上花费有限的资源。为了量身定制知识交流，并支持在可能需要处方的情况下安全、公平地获得妊娠益生菌，我们需要了解谁在妊娠期间以及在什么条件下服用益生菌。方法我们对来自341名不同社会人口背景的加拿大孕妇的匿名横断面调查数据进行卡方和逻辑回归分析，相对而言：认为益生菌对妊娠健康有益和/或报告在妊娠期间服用益生菌。结果47%的受访者认为益生菌有益于孕期健康；51%的人表示食用了它们。益生菌的态度和消费是社会人口学模式：收入较高、受过中等教育的受访者不成比例地认为益生菌是健康的，并食用益生菌。没有证据表明益生菌的态度或使用与妊娠健康指标有关。结论与妊娠并发症的适应症相比，社会经济因素可能是该样本中妊娠益生菌使用的更重要决定因素。需要反映当前证据的关于妊娠益生菌的明确指南。应促进可能从干预措施中受益的孕妇（即有某些并发症的孕妇）公平获得益生菌，支持长期健康公平。

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引用次数: 0

Soy isoflavone daidzein protects Neuro2a cells from NO stress via activation of AMPK-PGC1α pathway followed by mitochondrial enhancement 大豆异黄酮大豆苷元通过激活AMPK-PGC1α通路，随后线粒体增强，保护神经2a细胞免受NO应激

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100337

Shogo Ito , Hiroko Sasaki , Takahiro Gotow , Isao Suetake , Kaoru Nagai

Background

Soy isoflavone daidzein protects cells from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes several neurodegenerative diseases via damaging mitochondria and inducing cell death.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed protective mechanisms of daidzein on nitric oxide (NO) induced neuronal Neuro2a cell death, and quantitated mitochondrial amount, that was analyzed by cytometric analysis and western blots of mitochondrial molecules.

Results

Daidzein reduced cell death against NO stress and increased mitochondrial amount even in the presence of NO. Regarding the mechanism of mitochondrial increase, daidzein increased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and induced nuclear translocation of PGC1α. Following this, we analyzed if the reduction of PGC1α reduces the protective function of daidzein against oxidative stress. Knockdown of PGC1α abolished the cell-protective function. It strongly suggests that PGC1α activation followed by the mitochondrial increase is critical for the cell protection. Next, we focused on 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for clarifying how daidzein activates PGC1α. Daidzein increased the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK, indicating that daidzein stimulates AMPK activation. AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin abolished the cell protection and suppressed the nuclear translocation of PGC1α. Additionally, dorsomorphin prevented the increase of mitochondria by daidzein.

Conclusion

Our study strongly suggests that daidzein protects Neuro2a cells via AMPK activation followed by PGC1α activation and mitochondrial biogenesis.

背景大豆异黄酮大豆黄酮保护细胞免受氧化应激。氧化应激通过损伤线粒体和诱导细胞死亡，导致几种神经退行性疾病。方法本研究分析大豆黄酮对一氧化氮（NO）诱导的Neuro2a细胞死亡的保护机制，并通过细胞仪分析和线粒体分子印迹分析线粒体数量。结果大豆黄酮降低了NO胁迫下的细胞死亡，增加了线粒体数量。在线粒体增加的机制方面，大豆黄酮增加了线粒体生物发生调节因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α（PGC1α）的表达，并诱导了PGC1α的核转位。在此之后，我们分析了PGC1α的减少是否降低了大豆黄酮对氧化应激的保护功能。PGC1α的敲除使细胞保护功能丧失。这有力地表明，PGC1α激活后线粒体增加对细胞保护至关重要。接下来，我们重点研究了5′-腺苷一磷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK），以阐明大豆苷元如何激活PGC1α。大豆黄酮增加了AMPK的表达和磷酸化，表明大豆黄酮刺激AMPK的激活。AMPK抑制剂dorsomorphin消除了细胞保护，抑制了PGC1α的核转位。此外，dorsomorphin通过大豆黄酮阻止线粒体的增加。结论大豆黄酮通过AMPK激活、PGC1α激活和线粒体生物发生来保护Neuro2a细胞。

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引用次数: 2

Milk polar lipids: Untapped potential for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals 牛奶极性脂质：制药和营养品的潜力

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100335

Aditi Pawar , Ioannis Zabetakis , Tanvi Gavankar , Ronan Lordan

Background

Milk contains polar lipids may confer health benefits upon consumption. Therefore, polar lipids have received considerable attention for development in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical space. We review the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of milk polar lipids and their current market trends.

Methods

The following databases were used to retrieve articles for this narrative review: SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search criteria included the following keywords and synonyms combined: (“milk polar lipids” or “milk phospholipids” or “milk glycerophospholipids” or “milk sphingolipids”) AND (“anti-inflammatory” or “cardiovascular” or “cancer” or “cognitive health” or “nutraceutical” or “pharmaceutical” or “supplement”).

Results

Milk polar lipid supplementation appears to improve cognitive health in both child development and age-associated cognitive decline. Milk polar lipids modulate cardiovascular risk factors including lipid levels, inflammation, and platelet function in preclinical studies, but evidence is limited in humans. Milk polar lipids may also affect colon cancer pathogenesis through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Polar lipids are gaining attention in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical space for their use in the development of novel therapeutics and pharmaceutical delivery systems.

Conclusions

Milk polar lipids exhibit a multitude of health benefits that may be of value in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries as reflected in current market and research trends for the use of polar lipids and the development of products targeting infant cognitive development, cognitive decline in the aged, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Further clinical studies are required to assess efficacy and safety of milk polar lipid supplementation in human diseases.

背景牛奶含有极性脂质，食用后对健康有益。因此，极性脂质在营养和药物领域的发展受到了相当大的关注。我们综述了牛奶极性脂质的预防和治疗潜力及其目前的市场趋势。方法使用以下数据库检索本文：SCOPUS、ScienceDirect、PubMed和Google Scholar。搜索标准包括以下关键词和同义词组合：（“牛奶极性脂质”或“牛奶磷脂”或“奶甘油磷脂”或”牛奶鞘脂“）and（“抗炎症”或“心血管”或“癌症”或“认知健康”或“营养品”或“药物”或“补充剂”）似乎在儿童发育和年龄相关的认知能力下降方面都能改善认知健康。在临床前研究中，牛奶极性脂质调节心血管风险因素，包括脂质水平、炎症和血小板功能，但在人类中的证据有限。牛奶极性脂质也可能通过抗炎机制影响结肠癌的发病机制。极性脂质因其在开发新的治疗方法和药物递送系统中的应用而在营养和药物领域受到关注。结论微量极性脂质具有多种健康益处，在营养品和制药行业可能具有价值，这反映在极性脂质的使用以及针对婴儿认知发展、老年认知下降、心血管疾病和癌症的产品开发的当前市场和研究趋势中。需要进一步的临床研究来评估补充牛奶极性脂质对人类疾病的疗效和安全性。

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引用次数: 1

From antiepileptic therapy to promising adjuvant in medical oncology: A historical view of the ketogenic diet 从抗癫痫治疗到医学肿瘤学中有前景的佐剂：生酮饮食的历史观点

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100340

Doaa N. Al-Jada , Hamed R. Takruri , Wamidh H. Talib

Background

Despite recent advances that have been made in cancer treatment, we still lack complementary approaches to significantly improve the effectiveness of current anti-cancer therapies. The high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet can cause metabolic changes in the tumor microenvironment, thus targeting cancer metabolism, making it an attractive candidate for adjuvant cancer therapy. This review is an attempt to explore the origin and trace the historical use of the ketogenic diet as a metabolic therapy in medical oncology.

Methods

A detailed literature review was conducted through specialized databases. Only those articles pertinent to the specific needs of the review were included. Relevant references in those articles were also followed.

Results

There is a sound biological rationale for the anti-tumor force of the ketogenic diet primarily manifested through its anti-Warburg effect. It is no less true that Otto Warburg’s experiments have based the ketogenic diet in cancer research on solid footing. However, precisely tracing the initial, original anti-tumor use of the ketogenic diet in medical oncology literature has indeed proved to be a hard needle to thread. The currently available data are considered promising in the pre-clinical rodent models. Yet, the number of rigorous human trials is small and suffers from methodological limitations.

Conclusions

Further research, both pre-clinical and clinical, is needed to accurately define the anti-tumor effect of the ketogenic diet and to overcome the current methodological limitations that hinder us from deriving a sound judgment about the use of the ketogenic diet in clinical practice.

背景尽管癌症治疗取得了最新进展，但我们仍然缺乏互补的方法来显著提高当前抗癌疗法的有效性。高脂肪、低碳水化合物生酮饮食可以引起肿瘤微环境的代谢变化，从而靶向癌症代谢，使其成为癌症辅助治疗的有吸引力的候选药物。这篇综述试图探索生酮饮食作为一种代谢疗法在医学肿瘤学中的起源和历史应用。方法通过专业数据库进行详细的文献综述。只列入了与审查的具体需要有关的条款。还遵循了这些文章中的相关参考文献。结果生酮饮食的抗肿瘤作用主要表现在其抗Warburg作用上，这是有充分生物学依据的。奥托·沃伯格的实验为癌症研究中的生酮饮食奠定了坚实的基础。然而，在医学肿瘤学文献中准确追踪生酮饮食最初的抗肿瘤用途确实很难。目前可用的数据在临床前啮齿动物模型中被认为是有希望的。然而，严格的人体试验数量很少，而且存在方法上的局限性。结论需要进一步的临床前和临床研究，以准确定义生酮饮食的抗肿瘤作用，并克服目前阻碍我们对生酮饮食在临床实践中的使用做出正确判断的方法限制。

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引用次数: 0