PharmaNutrition最新文献_第7页

Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of depression and anxiety: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials 益生菌治疗抑郁和焦虑的有效性和安全性:随机临床试验的系统评价综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362

Claudia Regina de Souza , Raul Edison Luna Lazo , Felipe Mainka, André Gaspar Zinco, Mariana Mengarda, Aline de Fátima Bonetti, Fábio Seigi Murakami

Background

Depression and anxiety have several consequences on human health and are the most prevalent mental disorders in the world. The central nervous system is known to be affected by the gut microbiota. Therefore, the consumption of probiotics can act as an alternative for the treatment of these disorders.

Objectives

This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety through an overview of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2023. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021246244). Efficacy and safety were assessed based on the results of depression and anxiety scale scores, and the adverse events reported. The quality of the studies and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE pro tools respectively.

Results

Twenty-one systematic reviews were included. Some studies showed promising results for the use of probiotics in depression treatment. However, the AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that ten studies (47.6%) were rated as "Moderate," four studies (19.0.%) as "Low," and seven studies (33.4%) as "Critically Low" in terms of methodological quality. Regarding adverse events, only 5 studies report it. Based on the GRADE pro evaluation the force of recommendation probiotics for depression and anxiety is still strength remains weak.

Conclusion

More systematic reviews with higher-quality, following meticulously recommended methodological guidelines should be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics as intervention in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety.

抑郁和焦虑对人类健康有多种影响，是世界上最普遍的精神障碍。众所周知，中枢神经系统会受到肠道菌群的影响。因此，食用益生菌可以作为治疗这些疾病的另一种选择。本综述旨在通过对随机临床试验的系统综述，评估益生菌对抑郁症和焦虑症患者的影响。方法系统检索PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库至2023年5月。本综述在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021246244)。根据抑郁和焦虑量表评分结果及不良事件报告评估疗效和安全性。研究的质量和证据的确定性分别使用AMSTAR 2和GRADE pro工具进行评估。结果共纳入21篇系统评价。一些研究显示，使用益生菌治疗抑郁症有很好的结果。然而，AMSTAR 2工具显示，就方法学质量而言，10项研究(47.6%)被评为“中等”，4项研究(19.0%)被评为“低”，7项研究(33.4%)被评为“极低”。关于不良事件，只有5项研究报告了它。基于GRADE亲评价，推荐益生菌治疗抑郁和焦虑的力度仍然较弱。结论在评估益生菌干预抑郁和焦虑患者的疗效和安全性方面，需要更多的系统评价和更高质量的评价，并遵循精心推荐的方法学指南。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary medium-chain triglycerides upregulate metabolic gene expression in the gastrocnemius and downregulate expression of muscle-degradation gene in the soleus in aged bromodomain-containing 4+/- heterozygous mice 饮食中链甘油三酯上调老年含溴结构域4+/-杂合小鼠腓肠肌代谢基因表达，下调比目鱼肌肌肉降解基因表达

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100361

Mayu Kimura , Shiori Ishiyama , Takashi Ando , Yuji Tanaka , Keiko Ozato , Kazuki Mochizuki

Purpose

Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) positively regulates metabolic gene expression, and Brd4^+/- heterozygous mice exhibit leanness and malnutrition-like features. We evaluated gene expression changes, particularly of metabolism and muscle synthesis/degradation, in the skeletal muscles of aged Brd4^+/- mice fed a high medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet.

Methods

Each organ weight of C57BL/6J male wild-type and Brd4^+/-/C57BL/6J mice were assessed at approximately 100 weeks old. Male Brd4^+/-/C57BL/6J mice (aged 54–84 weeks) were fed a control or MCT diet for approximately 5 months and mRNA expression changes in the gastrocnemius and soleus were quantified using mRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR.

Results

Gastrocnemius and soleus weights decreased markedly in aged Brd4^+/-, compared to wild-type mice; MCT-fed Brd4^+/- mice had decreased mesenteric adipose tissue weight but no decrease in gastrocnemius and soleus weights. Metabolic gene expression was downregulated more in the gastrocnemius than in the soleus. Metabolic genes, including glycolytic and citric acid cycle, and Myh3, mediating regeneration of the skeletal muscle, in gastrocnemius, were upregulated in MCT-diet-fed Brd4^+/-, whereas Murf1, which promotes degradation, was downregulated in soleus.

Conclusions

An MCT-rich diet altered mRNA expression of metabolic and muscle-regeneration and -degradation genes in the gastrocnemius and soleus of Brd4^+/- mice.

目的含溴4（BRD4）正调控代谢基因表达，BRD4+/-杂合小鼠表现出消瘦和营养不良样特征。我们评估了喂食高-中链甘油三酯（MCT）饮食的老年Brd4+/-小鼠骨骼肌中的基因表达变化，特别是代谢和肌肉合成/降解的变化。方法在大约100周龄时评估C57BL/6J雄性野生型和Brd4+/-/C57BL/6J小鼠的每个器官重量。雄性Brd4+/-C57BL/6J小鼠（54–84周龄）喂食对照或MCT饮食约5个月，并使用信使核糖核酸微阵列分析和qRT-PCR定量腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的信使核糖核酸表达变化。结果与野生型小鼠相比，老龄Brd4++-的腓肠肌和腓肠肌重量显著降低；MCT喂养的Brd4+/-小鼠肠系膜脂肪组织重量减少，但腓肠肌和比目鱼肌重量没有减少。代谢基因表达在腓肠肌中的下调幅度大于比目鱼肌。代谢基因，包括糖酵解和柠檬酸循环，以及介导腓肠肌骨骼肌再生的Myh3，在MCT饮食喂养的Brd4+/-中上调，而促进降解的Murf1在比目鱼肌中下调。结论富含MCT的饮食改变了Brd4+/-小鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌代谢、肌肉再生和降解基因的mRNA表达。

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引用次数: 0

Nucleic acids and collagen can attenuate ovariectomy-induced degeneration of fibers in the abdominal aortic wall of female rat 核酸和胶原蛋白能减轻卵巢切除引起的雌性大鼠腹主动脉壁纤维变性

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360

Mayo Higashihara , Hirona Kugo , Tomomi Nakamura , Tomoko Sumi , Daisuke Shimizu , Keisuke Kiriyama , Mica Fujita , Keita Sutoh , Tatsuya Moriyama , Nobuhiro Zaima

Background

Women are more resistant to the development of cardiovascular diseases compared with men. However, the vascular integrity of elderly women gradually declines, and their incidence is comparable to that of men. The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases is reportedly associated with menopause. The previous studies which show close relationship between menopause and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases suggest that preventive methods must be established to alleviate this unavoidable menopause-induced vascular degeneration. Functional food factors can be effective for prevention of degeneration of the vascular wall in women. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary nucleic acids and collagen on vascular degeneration after ovariectomy (OVX).

Methods

Three-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into 4 groups according to condition: sham-placebo drink, sham-sample drink, OVX-placebo drink, and OVX-sample drink. The sample drink and placebo drink were administered orally until autopsy, respectively. One week later, sham-treatment or OVX was performed, and 7 weeks later, tissues were collected for pathological analysis by staining.

Results

OVX-induced degenerations of vascular fibers, degradation of elastic fiber and denature of collagen, were suppressed in the rats which were administrated nucleic acids and collagen. OVX induced increases of neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9. The increased neutrophil elastase and MMPs were decreased by administration of nucleic acids and collagen. Nucleic acids and collagen suppressed infiltration of macrophages and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscles cells.

Conclusions

These results suggest that nucleic acids and collagen prevent vascular inflammation which results in degeneration of the vascular wall.

与男性相比，女性对心血管疾病的抵抗力更强。然而，老年女性血管完整性逐渐下降，其发病率与男性相当。据报道，心血管疾病风险的增加与更年期有关。先前的研究表明更年期与心血管疾病风险增加之间的密切关系，建议必须建立预防方法来减轻这种不可避免的更年期引起的血管变性。功能性食物因子可有效预防女性血管壁退化。在这项研究中，我们评估了膳食核酸和胶原蛋白对卵巢切除术后血管变性的影响。方法将3周龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠按条件分为4组:假安慰剂饮料、假样品饮料、ovx -安慰剂饮料和ovx -样品饮料。样品饮料和安慰剂饮料分别被口服，直到尸体解剖。1周后进行假治疗或OVX治疗，7周后收集组织进行染色病理分析。结果sovx诱导的大鼠血管纤维变性、弹性纤维降解和胶原变性均受到抑制。OVX诱导中性粒细胞弹性酶和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP) 2和9升高。核酸和胶原可降低中性粒细胞弹性酶和MMPs的升高。核酸和胶原抑制巨噬细胞浸润和血管平滑肌细胞功能障碍。结论核酸和胶原蛋白具有预防血管炎症导致的血管壁变性的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Ketone bodies inhibit mast cell degradation and protect against anaphylaxis 酮体抑制肥大细胞降解并防止过敏反应

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359

Akira Sato , Hina Nemoto , Tsukasa Matsumoto , Makoto Ohira

Background

Ketone bodies play critical roles in organismal energy homeostasis; however, their effects on various diseases remain unknown. We investigated the effects of two ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB) and acetoacetic acid (AcAc), on type I hypersensitivity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The effects of β-HB and AcAc on mast cell degradation, as monitored by β-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, and hypothermic anaphylaxis, a potentially deadly allergic reaction, were evaluated in an anaphylactic mouse model.

Results

Both β-HB and AcAc inhibited β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AcAc were greater than those of β-HB. The inhibitory effects of β-HB and AcAc were significantly attenuated in the presence of a GPR109A receptor antagonist mepenzolate bromide and GPR43A antagonist GLPG0974. β-HB and AcAc did not affect the viability of RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations below 100 µmol/L. In an anaphylactic mouse model, the intraperitoneal injection of AcAc (1 µmol/mouse) inhibited anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas the injection of β-HB (1–10 µmol/mouse) did not.

Conclusions

These results suggest that β-HB and AcAc, especially AcAc, are effective in type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, by inhibiting mast cell degradation.

酮体在机体能量稳态中起着关键作用；然而，它们对各种疾病的影响仍然未知。我们在体外和体内研究了两种酮体，β-羟基丁酸（β-HB）和乙酰乙酸（AcAc）对I型超敏反应的影响。方法通过大鼠嗜碱性白血病RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖胺酶来监测β-HB和AcAc对肥大细胞降解的影响，并在过敏小鼠模型中评估低温过敏反应（一种潜在的致命过敏反应）。结果β-HB和AcAc均以浓度依赖性方式抑制RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖苷酶。AcAc的抑制作用大于β-HB。在GPR109A受体拮抗剂溴化甲苯甲酸酯和GPR43A拮抗剂GLPG0974的存在下，β-HB和AcAc的抑制作用显著减弱。β-HB和AcAc在低于100µmol/L的浓度下不影响RBL-2H3细胞的活力。在过敏性小鼠模型中，腹腔注射AcAc（1µmol/小鼠）抑制过敏性体温过低，而注射β-HB（1-10µmol/鼠）则没有。结论β-HB和AcAc，尤其是AcAc通过抑制肥大细胞降解，对过敏反应等I型超敏反应有效。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials 补充硒对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者心脏代谢危险因素的影响：随机临床试验的系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358

Ahmed Abu-Zaid , Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari , Abdullah Alyousef , Saeed Baradwan , Naif Bin Muaythir , Yasir Almudaymigh , Mohammed Abuzaid , Saleh A.K. Saleh , Heba M. Adly , Osama Alomar

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring mineral trace element that constitutes an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with PCOS.

Methods

MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of oral selenium supplementation on patients with PCOS. We employed a random-effects model to generate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Seven trials published between 2015 and 2022 were included. All the included studies were double blind, placebo-controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in VLDL (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.65; −0.05), MDA (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.21; −0.57) and hs-CRP (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.73; −0.03), as well as a significant increase in QUICKI (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.47; 1.09). The current meta-analysis did not find any significant changes in FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, TAC, GSH, NO, SHBG, total testosterone, or mFG score for PCOS patients following selenium supplementation compared to placebo.

Conclusion

Selenium supplementation may serve as a good adjunct therapy in patients with PCOS to decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammatory status. Moreover, selenium may improve insulin sensitivity in these patients. However, the overall effects of selenium on all cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS patients still need to be evaluated through large population and long duration RCTs.

背景多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）已被证明与心脏代谢危险因素有关。硒（Se）是一种天然存在的矿物微量元素，是硒蛋白的重要成分，在抗氧化防御中起着至关重要的作用。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估补充硒对多囊卵巢综合征患者心脏代谢危险因素的影响。方法检索截至2023年3月的MEDLINE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Web of Science和Scopus数据库，以进行随机临床试验，评估口服硒补充剂对多囊卵巢综合征患者的影响。我们采用了随机效应模型来生成汇总估计和95%置信区间（CI）。结果纳入了2015年至2022年间发表的7项试验。所有纳入的研究均为双盲安慰剂对照试验。补硒可显著降低极低密度脂蛋白（SMD=-0.35，95%CI:−0.65；−0.05）、丙二醛（SMD=−0.89，95%CI：−1.21；−0.57，与安慰剂相比，补充硒后多囊卵巢综合征患者的GSH、NO、SHBG、总睾酮或mFG评分。结论补充硒对PCOS患者有较好的辅助治疗作用，可降低脂质过氧化和炎症状态。此外，硒可以改善这些患者的胰岛素敏感性。然而，硒对多囊卵巢综合征患者所有心脏代谢危险因素的总体影响仍需通过大量人群和长期随机对照试验进行评估。

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引用次数: 0

Pitaya (Hylocereus lemairei) extracts avoid mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-kβ/NLRP-3-mediated inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose and are in vivo safe 火龙果提取物在高糖条件下可避免线粒体功能障碍和NF-kβ/NLRP-3介导的内皮细胞炎症，在体内安全

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356

Karina Z. Lodi , Carina Cassini , Fernando J. Scariot , Sergio Echeverrigaray , Sidnei M. Silva , Alencar K. Machado , Lauren Pappis , Raquel Bridi , Scheila A. Silva , Luciana B. Touguinha , Mirian Salvador , Catia S. Branco

Background

Pitaya has gained popularity as a dietary alternative for diabetics. However, the precise molecular basis and biochemical effects are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate pitaya influence in endothelial cells under high glucose, mimicking hyperglycemia.

Methods

EA.hy926 cells were treated with 1 µg/mL of extract for 24 h with 35 mM of glucose (HG) and/or metformin (MET; 0.5 mM). It was analyzed cell viability/proliferation, apoptosis, ΔΨm, and pHi. Markers of aerobic (NADH and succinate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) glycolysis were evaluated, as well as NO levels, NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. To determine in vivo safety, acute toxicity in A. salina was conducted (0.5–65 mg/mL). Chemical characterization was performed by HPLC.

Results

HG negatively impacted cell viability and proliferation. Cells presented high levels of extracellular LDH and NO, as well as an increment on NADH, and succinate dehydrogenase activities, and ATP production. Cytometry revealed an increase in ROS levels, apoptosis, and changes in pHi and ΔΨm, accompanied by an increase in NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. These alterations were partially (extract per se pulp and/or associated with MET) or totally (extract per se peel and/or MET associated) reversed. No toxicity for peel extract at concentrations until 65 mg/mL was found. HPLC revealed quercetin and kaempferol in both extracts.

Conclusion

Data indicate that pitaya peel extract is safe and, according to a Principal Component Analysis, can be used as a co-therapeutic strategy to minimize oxidative damage and inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose.

背景火龙果作为糖尿病患者的一种饮食替代品越来越受欢迎。然而，确切的分子基础和生物化学效应还不太清楚。本研究旨在评估火龙果在高糖、模拟高血糖条件下对内皮细胞的影响。方法用1µg/mL提取物和35mM葡萄糖（HG）和/或二甲双胍（MET；0.5mM）处理EA.hy926细胞24小时，分析细胞活力/增殖、凋亡、ΔΨm和pHi。评估有氧（NADH和琥珀酸脱氢酶，以及ATP合成酶）和无氧（LDH）糖酵解的标志物，以及NO水平、NF-kβ和NLRP3的表达。为了确定体内安全性，对盐藻进行了急性毒性试验（0.5–65 mg/mL）。通过HPLC进行了化学表征。结果HG对细胞活力和增殖产生了负面影响。细胞表现出高水平的细胞外LDH和NO，以及NADH、琥珀酸脱氢酶活性和ATP产生的增加。细胞测定显示ROS水平增加、细胞凋亡、pHi和ΔΨm变化，同时NF-kβ和NLRP3表达增加。这些改变被部分逆转（提取物本身的果肉和/或与MET相关）或完全逆转（提取物自身的果皮和/或MET相关）。在浓度为65mg/mL之前，未发现果皮提取物的毒性。HPLC显示两种提取物中均含有槲皮素和山奈酚。结论数据表明，火龙果皮提取物是安全的，根据主成分分析，可以作为一种联合治疗策略，最大限度地减少高糖下内皮细胞的氧化损伤和炎症。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the possibility of a proprietary black cumin oil extract as a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist in restoring stress-sleep balance on stress-induced sleep deprived animals 探索一种专有的黑孜然油提取物作为双Orexin受体拮抗剂在恢复压力诱导的睡眠剥夺动物的压力睡眠平衡中的可能性

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357

Saneha OR , Priya Krishna , Syam Das S , Krishnakumar IM , Litty Joseph

Background

Orexins act as a molecular switch for the release of cortisol/corticosterone in response to a stress stimulus and hence to regulate sleep/wake cycle. Orexin agonism during the day promotes wakefulness, and Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) can promote sleep signals by enhancing melatonin, which is an inhibitor of orexin. It was reported that a proprietary black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil (BCO-5) alleviated stress and improved sleep quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of BCO-5 using stress-induced and sleep-deprived model of rats.

Methods

Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were randomised into 4 groups (Group I – Sham; Group II – Stress-induced group; Group III – BCO-5 treated normal animals; Group IV – Stress + BCO-5 (20 mg/kg b. wt.) for 14 days and monitored the behaviour and biochemical markers.

Results

The co-supplementation of BCO-5 significantly decreased the body weight, locomotor activity, rearing and grooming frequencies among Group IV animals significantly compared to Group II. The observed behaviour was also correlated with the significant decrease in orexin, corticosterone and c-fos expression levels, while an increase was observed in melatonin concentration.

Conclusion

Our results support the plausible role of BCO-5 as a DORA to manage stress and improve sleep.

背景Orexins作为一种分子开关，在压力刺激下释放皮质醇/皮质酮，从而调节睡眠/觉醒周期。白天的食欲素激动剂可以促进清醒，双食欲素受体拮抗剂（DORA）可以通过增强褪黑素来促进睡眠信号，褪黑素是食欲素的抑制剂。据报道，一种专有的黑孜然（Nigella sativa）油（BCO-5）缓解了压力，改善了睡眠质量。本研究采用应激诱导和睡眠剥夺大鼠模型，探讨BCO-5的作用机制。方法将成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠（n=24）随机分为4组（I组–Sham；II组–应激诱导组；III组–BCO-5处理的正常动物；IV组–应激+BCO-5（20mg/kg b.wt.），为期14天，并监测其行为和生化标志物。结果与第二组相比，共同补充BCO-5显著降低了第四组动物的体重、运动活性、饲养和梳理频率。观察到的行为还与食欲素、皮质酮和c-fos表达水平的显著降低有关，而褪黑素浓度的增加则观察到。结论我们的研究结果支持BCO-5作为DORA在管理压力和改善睡眠方面的合理作用。

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引用次数: 0

Supplementation with kefir improves metabolism and liver inflammation in malnourished mice 补充开菲尔改善营养不良小鼠的新陈代谢和肝脏炎症

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100355

Fabio Ribeiro dos Santos , Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro , Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior , Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge , André Luiz Sena Guimarães , Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula , Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos

Background

Malnutrition causes several changes in body composition and physiological liver function and is commonly related to systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and metabolic changes. Kefir is a symbiotic association of yeast and bacteria fermenting milk, used as food supplementation, and is now recognized for its beneficial health properties. In this context, the present study aims to verify the effects promoted by Kefir supplementation in a model of mice malnutrition, evaluating its metabolic effects and liver modulation.

Methods

Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups with 8 animals each. After the adaptation period, the animals were subjected to two phases of treatment: the caloric restriction phase to promote malnutrition and the renutrition phase. A calorie restriction of 20 % compared to the control group was adopted. Metabolic profile, adipose tissue, liver, biochemical parameters, and gene expression of CAT and SOD were evaluated.

Results

The main findings demonstrate an improvement in body weight and biochemical parameters followed by a greater recovery of adipocyte area in the (FR + Kefir) group when compared to the malnourished (FR) group. The data showed an increase in the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress suppression such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the groups supplemented with kefir.

Conclusions

Oral supplementation was able to increase body weight recovery, and adiposity, enabling improvements in metabolism and reducing liver inflammation.

背景营养不良会导致身体成分和生理肝功能的多种变化，通常与全身炎症、认知缺陷和代谢变化有关。开菲尔是发酵牛奶的酵母和细菌的共生组合，用作食品补充剂，现在因其有益健康的特性而被公认。在这种情况下，本研究旨在验证补充开菲尔在小鼠营养不良模型中的作用，评估其代谢作用和肝脏调节。方法将雄性瑞士小鼠分为4组，每组8只。适应期结束后，对动物进行两个阶段的治疗：热量限制期以促进营养不良和再营养期。与对照组相比，采用了20%的热量限制。评估代谢谱、脂肪组织、肝脏、生化参数以及CAT和SOD的基因表达。结果与营养不良（FR）组相比，（FR+Kefir）组的体重和生化参数有所改善，脂肪细胞面积恢复更大。数据显示，在补充开菲尔的组中，与氧化应激抑制相关的基因如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的表达增加。结论口服补充剂能够增加体重恢复和肥胖，改善新陈代谢，减少肝脏炎症。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in nutrition, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States from 1900 onwards 1900年以来美国营养、生活方式和代谢疾病的趋势

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350

Cato Wiegers, Linda H.M. van de Burgwal, Eric Claassen, Olaf F.A. Larsen

Background

The growing ‘epidemic’ of metabolic disease may be a consequence of a typical Western lifestyle, consisting of excessive fat and sugar intake and a lack of physical exercise. Some animal studies have provided insights into the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and obesity and the influence of dietary composition, however there are still unclarities regarding the effects of diet and lifestyle factors on the development of metabolic disease in humans.

Methods

In this study, we investigated long-term trends in diet, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States. Data on the included variables was collected from published literature as well as publicly available data, covering as many years as possible from 1900 onwards.

Results

We found that intake of all macronutrients and added sugar has increased but has started to plateau or decrease in more recent years. Exercise, urbanization, and life expectancy have also risen. However, besides some evidence of urbanization and life expectancy correlating with metabolic disease prevalence, we did not see a clear association between most of the dietary factors and the steeply rising prevalence of metabolic disease.

Conclusions

We propose that to gain traction on the issue of metabolic disease in our current society, it is necessary to continue research into (new aspects of) our diet, and to include other (external) factors. These may be related to the gut microbiota, including antibiotics use and epigenetics.

背景代谢性疾病日益“流行”可能是典型的西方生活方式的结果，包括过量摄入脂肪和糖以及缺乏体育锻炼。一些动物研究已经深入了解了代谢综合征和肥胖的机制以及饮食成分的影响，但饮食和生活方式因素对人类代谢疾病发展的影响仍不明确。方法在这项研究中，我们调查了美国饮食、生活方式和代谢性疾病的长期趋势。关于纳入变量的数据是从已发表的文献和公开的数据中收集的，涵盖了从1900年起尽可能多的年份。结果近年来，所有常量营养素和添加糖的摄入量都有所增加，但开始趋于平稳或减少。锻炼、城市化和预期寿命也有所提高。然而，除了一些城市化和预期寿命与代谢性疾病患病率相关的证据外，我们没有看到大多数饮食因素与代谢性病患病率急剧上升之间的明确关联。结论我们建议，为了在当前社会中引起对代谢性疾病问题的关注，有必要继续研究我们饮食的（新方面），并纳入其他（外部）因素。这些可能与肠道微生物群有关，包括抗生素的使用和表观遗传学。

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引用次数: 0

The association between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Mediterranean-style Dietary Pattern Score with the risk of cataract 膳食植物化学指数和地中海式饮食模式评分与白内障风险的关系

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100349

Haniyeh Golafrouz , Farhad Adhami Moghadam , Shahryar Eghtesadi

Background

Half of all cases of blindness are due to cataract. It has been debated whether diets high in polyphenols and antioxidants reduce the risk of cataract. In the present case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between cataract risk and diet, using calculations of the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and Mediterranean-style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS).

Methods

157 patients with senile cataract were compared to 323 controls who had undergone eye examination during the past year and were not diagnosed with cataract. A validated food frequency questionnaire measured the participant’s habitual diet. The risk of cataract for MSDPS and DPI was assessed by crude and adjusted odds ratios based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, accounting for age and sex.

Results

Analysis was performed on 157 cases and 323 controls. Age, weight, and energy intake significantly differed between the two groups. MSDPS (p = 0.003) and DPI (p = 0.04) were higher in the patients with cataract. A significant association was found regarding DPI in the crude model, indicating that participants of the third quartile of DPI are at 2.34 times higher risk of cataract than the participants in the first quartile (OR: 2.34, 95% CI= 1.34; 4.09).

Conclusions

MSDPS was not significantly associated with cataract risk in crude and adjusted models, although an ascending trend could be observed (p-trend of the crude model= 0.05). A positive association between DPI and cataract risk was found, while this association was not significant for MSDPS. Further studies among newly diagnosed patients with cataract are required.

背景所有失明病例中有一半是由于白内障引起的。人们一直在争论富含多酚和抗氧化剂的饮食是否能降低白内障的风险。在本病例对照研究中，我们旨在通过计算膳食植物化学指数（DPI）和地中海式饮食模式评分（MSDPS）来评估白内障风险与饮食之间的可能联系。一份经过验证的食物频率问卷测量了参与者的习惯性饮食。基于多变量逻辑回归分析，考虑年龄和性别，通过粗略和调整的比值比评估MSDPS和DPI的白内障风险。结果对157例患者和323例对照组进行分析。年龄、体重和能量摄入在两组之间存在显著差异。白内障患者的MSDPS（p=0.003）和DPI（p=0.04）较高。在粗略模型中发现了与DPI的显著相关性，表明DPI第三个四分位数的参与者患白内障的风险是第一个四分位参与者的2.34倍（OR:2.34，95%CI=1.34；4.09），尽管可以观察到上升趋势（粗略模型的p趋势=0.05）。DPI与白内障风险之间存在正相关，而MSDPS的这种相关性并不显著。需要对新诊断的白内障患者进行进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 1