PharmaNutrition最新文献

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Background

Liraglutide (LRG) is an analog of glucagon-like-peptide-1 which has beneficial effects on controlling glycemic in diabetes patients. However, the effect of liraglutide on the C-reactive protein (CRP) was controversial in different studies. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of LRG on CRP in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Through March 2024, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases were searched for pertinent studies. Calculation of 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and mean differences was done using random effects model. Standard methods assessed dose-response, meta-regression, sensitivity, and publication bias. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used to calculate evidence certainty.

Results

Finally, after reviewing 9 eligible studies with 10 arms including 1494 participants, a significant decrease in CRP levels was observed after treatment with LRG (WMD = −0.692 mg/L, 95 % CI: −1.01, −0.37, P<0.001). According to the results of the subgroup, LRG had greater effects in obese patients (Body mass index ≥30), high-quality studies, dosages >1.6 mg/d and durations ≥24 weeks. Linear (P<0.001) and non-linear (P _{dose-response} =0.009) dose-response associations were observed between LRG dosages and CRP levels. According to the GRADE, evidence for CRP was high.

Conclusions

LRG had beneficial effects on CRP levels in adults with T2DM, especially in obese patients.

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, as currently available medications such as riluzole and edaravone aim to slow disease progression and manage symptoms, they are often expensive, have adverse side effects, and offer limited therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to explore complementary and alternative medicines in ALS treatment along with their possible mechanism(s). This paper investigates the potential benefits of herbal remedies in ALS management, focusing on their ability to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and potentially delay disease progression.

Method

The review includes articles published from 1999 to 2024 and were searched using various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Clinical trial. The search was performed using different keywords such as ‘amyotrophic lateral sclerosis’, ‘pathogenesis’, ‘prevalence’, ‘herbal products’, ‘natural medicines’, ‘safety’, ‘efficacy’, ‘clinical trials’, ‘herbal-drug interaction’, ‘in vitro’, ‘in vivo’, phytochemicals, ‘alternative medicine’. Further studies were screening by assessing abstracts, cross references and previously published review and research articles.

Results

A number of herbal products are reported in preclinical and clinical studies indicating their efficacy against ALS. These prominent phytoconstituents exhibiting anti- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis effect are mainly present in different parts of the plant and include curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, tetrahydrocannabidiol, diallyl trisulfide, withanolides, genistein, and madecassoside. The plant extract containing these phytoconstituents exert their therapeutic effect via modulating inflammatory mediators, trapping free radicals, targeting various enzymes and/or by harnessing autophagy.

Conclusion

Although, various preclinical studies have shown beneficial effects of herbs in treating this debilitating disease. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these botanical therapies in clinics.

Objectives

Migraine is a common neurological disorder contributing significantly to global disability. Nano-curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for migraine prophylaxis. Herein, we assessed the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on headache attack, severity, and duration in adult patients.

Methods

Five biomedical databases were searched until March 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 13 records fulfilled the inclusion criteria, eight of which were considered for meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using ROB2. Outcomes were quantified using both Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and Mean Difference (MD) along with the 95 % Confidence Intervals (CIs). Pooled intervention effects were estimated using both common-effects and random-effects models.

Results

Our analysis revealed that 80 mg nano-curcumin supplementation per day for two months in young adults reduced migraine attacks (SMD −0.55; 95 % CI: −1.07 to −0.02), severity (SMD −0.64; 95 % CI: −1.10 to −0.19), and duration (MD −2.90; 95 % CI: −4.66 to −1.13) when compared with placebo. When combined with nutraceuticals such as omega-3 and coenzyme Q10, nano-curcumin demonstrated enhanced efficacy in reducing migraine attacks (SMD 1.19; 95 % CI: 0.90–1.48). Among those who received nano-curcumin supplementation only, a before and after intervention analysis showed a reduction in migraine attacks (SMD −0.77; 95 % CI: −1.00 to −0.54), severity (SMD −0.92; 95 % CI: −1.50 to −0.33), and duration (SMD −0.63; 95 % CI: −1.05 to −0.20).

Conclusions

Evidence from literature suggests that nano-curcumin supplementation might be effective in reducing migraine symptoms. However, caution is advised, and further research is recommended to confirm these findings, considering the single institutional source of all studies.

Background

Açaí seeds, a by-product of açaí processing (1445 tons year⁻¹), make up 85 % of the fruit's weight and are rich in phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, (epi)catechins, and procyanidins. Their chemical profile suggests significant pharmacological potential, leading to growing interest in their therapeutic applications.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering studies from 2006 to 2023.

Results

The review included 72 studies, 13 of which were cluster randomized trials in rodents. Açaí seed extract (ASE) displayed a robust phenolic profile with varying polymerization degrees. Preclinical investigations demonstrated ASE's therapeutic efficacy, showing potent antioxidant activities, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2 activation, and selective cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. ASE also exhibited efficacy in reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting adipogenesis, addressing metabolic syndrome in rodents. Promising effects were observed on hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and liver diseases, indicating broad health benefits.

Conclusion

Despite study heterogeneity, ASE's shows potential as a therapeutic agent., necessitating further clinical investigations to comprehensively evaluate its safety and efficacy in human health.

Background

Probiotics are live microorganisms with intended benefits on human health including obesity. As a small and fast-growing whole organism model, Caenorhabditis elegans has been used to assess the health effects of probiotics where mechanisms can be assessed through available genetic tools. Results from C. elegans can provide data on the effect of specific probiotic strains and combinations with prebiotics and postbiotics on health-related physiology to inform selections of interventions for further study. We hypothesized that specific combinations with prebiotics and postbiotics could both speed up worm development and reduce fat deposition, suggesting they allow for more effective nutrient utilization.

Methods

Here we expose C. elegans to the ABB S20 strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in combination with different prebiotics and postbiotics. We then measure how these affect growth and development speed as well as fat deposition by measuring the time until the appearance of progeny and measuring Oil Red O staining respectively.

Results

Our results show that the combination of probiotic L. plantarum ABB S20 plus the postbiotic inactive yeasts K. marxianus ABB S8 and S. boulardii ABB S3 resulted in fast growth and reduced fat deposition compared to L. plantarum ABB S20 alone.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the usefulness of C. elegans as a model to efficiently screen though combinations of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics to find those that are candidates to help with effective nutrition use and therefore weight management.

Background

Excess influx of extracellular Zn²⁺ into nigral dopaminergic neurons play a crucial role for 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease in rats. On the basis of neurodegeneration by Zn²⁺ dysregulation, we aimed to clarify the effect of effusol and dehydroeffusol, unique phenanthrenes from Juncus effusus on dopaminergic degeneration.

Methods

The decrease in dopaminergic neurons was assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining 14 days after 6-OHDA injection into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rats.

Results

The decrease in dopaminergic neurons induced by 6-OHDA was avoided by co-injection of 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a selective blocker of Zn²⁺-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors, which blocked the increase in intracellular Zn²⁺, supporting the involvement of Zn²⁺ dysregulation in dopaminergic degeneration. Moreover, either effusol or dehydroeffusol was co-injected with 6-OHDA into the SNpc. The decrease in dopaminergic neurons was avoided by effusol and dehydroeffusol. The increases in intracellular Zn²⁺ and H₂O₂ in the SNpc induced by 6-OHDA were also avoided by effusol and dehydroeffusol.

Conclusions

The present study first indicates that effusol and dehydroeffusol avoid the decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc via reducing production of reactive oxygen species induced by intracellular Zn²⁺ dysregulation after injection of 6-OHDA into the rat SNpc. It is likely that effusol and dehydroeffusol serve as nutraceutical components to protect dopaminergic degeneration, perhaps via regulating presynaptic excitation of glutamatergic neurons in the SNpc.

Background

Antibiotic therapy, vital for combating infections, often disrupts the intricate balance of gut bacteria, resulting in "gut dysbiosis." This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a Synbiotic supplement in alleviating antibiotic-associated dysbiosis in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods

A double-blind, placebo-controlled pre-clinical study was conducted over a minimum of 10 consecutive days. The study employed five distinct groups for evaluation, with a focus on the Synbiotic group comprising probiotic and prebiotic components. The administered dose was 1 billion CFU with 100 mg Fossence®.

Results

The Synbiotic supplement demonstrated significant positive outcomes across diverse parameters. Compared to the disease control group, the Synbiotic group displayed enhancements in fecal output ratio, feed conversion ratio, total weight gain, and specific growth ratio. Histopathological data supported these findings, affirming the Synbiotic supplementation's potential in mitigating antibiotics' adverse effects on gut health. No mortalities or major symptoms were recorded, confirming the supplement's safety.

Conclusions

The study underscores the efficacy of Synbiotics in enhancing gastrointestinal health in SD rats. The identified effective dose of 1 billion CFU with 100 mg Fossence® necessitates further clinical investigation. This suggests Synbiotics as a compelling approach to address antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis, warranting further exploration in humans for potential applications in maintaining a healthy gut and overall well-being.