PharmaNutrition最新文献_第10页

Intravenous vitamin C against acute respiratory distress syndrome: A narrative review 静脉注射维生素 C 预防急性呼吸窘迫综合征：叙述性综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100365

Alberto Boretti

Background

The use of intravenous vitamin C (IV-Vit-C) in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been a topic of interest and research. ARDS is a severe and life-threatening form of respiratory failure that can be triggered by various factors, including infections, trauma, and inflammatory conditions. Some studies and clinical trials have explored the potential benefits of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of ARDS, particularly in the context of severe respiratory illnesses such as those caused by viral infections.

Methods

Two literature reviews are performed by using the google scholar data base (scholar.google.com), one searching for “CITRIS-ALI”, and the other searching for “COVID-19 Vitamin C”, without any time restrictions, and selecting specific works, and citing or cited works, deemed appropriate. All the works included in the c19early.org data base are then indirectly considered through their statistical summary of improvements.

Results

Most of the studies support the use of IV-Vit-C against ARDS in general, including the COVID-19 induced ARDS. From the statistical analysis of 66 COVID-19 Vit-C studies, both IV and oral, there is a 18 % improvement in prophylaxis (RR 0.82 CI 0.69–0.97), a 37 % improvement in early treatment (RR 0.63, CI 0.41–0.98), and 21 % improvement in late treatment (RR 0.79, CI 0.70–0.88). Specific to this latter result are 39 studies of the 66.

Conclusions

While IV-Vit-C was not a cure for COVID-19, it was a pragmatic but effectual means to reduce the COVID-19 mortality in cases of late infections and ARDS. IV and oral Vit-C may be considered one of the tools treating general ARDS.

静脉注射维生素C (iv - vitc)在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)中的应用一直是人们关注和研究的话题。急性呼吸窘迫综合征是一种严重的危及生命的呼吸衰竭，可由多种因素引发，包括感染、创伤和炎症。一些研究和临床试验已经探索了高剂量静脉注射维生素C治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的潜在益处，特别是在病毒感染引起的严重呼吸系统疾病的情况下。方法使用google scholar数据库(scholar.google.com)进行两篇文献综述，一篇检索“CITRIS-ALI”，另一篇检索“COVID-19维生素C”，不受时间限制，选择特定的文献，并在认为合适的情况下引用或被引文献。然后，c19early.org数据库中包含的所有作品都通过其改进的统计摘要间接考虑。结果大多数研究支持使用iv - vitc治疗ARDS，包括COVID-19诱导的ARDS。通过对66项COVID-19 vitc研究的统计分析，包括静脉注射和口服，预防改善18% (RR 0.82 CI 0.69-0.97)，早期治疗改善37% (RR 0.63, CI 0.41-0.98)，晚期治疗改善21% (RR 0.79, CI 0.70-0.88)。这66项研究中有39项与后一项结果相关。结论iv - vitc虽不能完全治愈COVID-19，但对于降低晚期感染和ARDS患者的COVID-19死亡率是一种实用而有效的手段。静脉和口服维生素c可被认为是治疗一般ARDS的工具之一。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of berberine supplementation on lipid profile and obesity indices: An umbrella review of meta-analysis 补充小檗碱对血脂和肥胖指数的影响:荟萃分析综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100364

Zeynab Kavyani , Erfan shahhosseini , Amir Hossein Moridpour , Maryam Falahatzadeh , Mahdi Vajdi , Vali Musazadeh , Gholamreza Askari

Background

Several meta-analyses reported berberine supplementation improves lipid profile and obesity indices, but findings remain conflicting.

Aim of the review

Therefore, we carried out an umbrella review of meta-analysis in order to examine whether berberine supplementation on lipid profile and obesity indices.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to December 2022.

Results

Berberine supplementation was effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (ES_SMD: −0.56 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.38, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES_SMD: −0.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.69 to −0.44, p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (ES_SMD: −0.47 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.37, p < 0.001) according to SMD analysis. In addition, berberine significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ES_SMD: 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.08–0.20, p < 0.001) according to SMD analysis. Also, the findings showed that berberine resulted in a significant decrease in waist circumference (WC) (ES _WMD: −1.30 cm; 95% CI: −1.91 to −0.69, p < 0.001), but not in body weight (ES_WMD: −0.86 kg; 95% CI: −2.12 to 0.41), body mass index (BMI) (ES_WMD: −0.57 kg/m²; 95% CI: −1.21 to 0.06, p = 0.078, and ES_SMD: −0.28 kg/m²; 95% CI: −070 to 0.14, p = 0.186), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) levels (ES_SMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −1.26 to 0.47, p = 0.369).

Conclusion

The results of our study revealed that the supplementation of berberine could be effective in improving WC, and lipid profile, although the impact of this supplement on obesity indices needs further investigation.

背景:一些荟萃分析报道，补充小檗碱可以改善血脂和肥胖指数，但研究结果仍然存在矛盾。因此，我们对荟萃分析进行了综合综述，以检验黄连素补充剂是否对血脂和肥胖指数有影响。方法系统检索截至2022年12月的PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science、Google Scholar等数据库。结果补充小檗碱能有效降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C) (ESSMD: - 0.56 mg/dL;95% CI: - 0.74至- 0.38,p <0.001)，总胆固醇(TC) (ESSMD: - 0.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: - 0.69 ~ - 0.44, p <0.001)，甘油三酯(TG) (ESSMD:−0.47 mg/dL;95% CI: - 0.56 ~ - 0.37, p <0.001)，根据SMD分析。此外，小檗碱显著增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C) (ESSMD: 0.14 mg/dL;95% CI: 0.08-0.20, p <0.001)，根据SMD分析。此外，研究结果表明，小檗碱导致腰围(WC)显著降低(ES WMD: - 1.30 cm;95% CI: - 1.91 ~ - 0.69, p <0.001)，但与体重无关(ESWMD:−0.86 kg;95% CI:−2.12 ~ 0.41)，体重指数(BMI) (ESWMD:−0.57 kg/m2;95% CI:−1.21 ~ 0.06,p = 0.078, ESSMD:−0.28 kg/m2;95% CI:−070 ~ 0.14,p = 0.186)，腰高比(WHR)水平(ESSMD:−0.40;95% CI:−1.26 ~ 0.47,p = 0.369)。结论本研究结果显示，添加小檗碱可有效改善体重和血脂，但对肥胖指标的影响有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of mulberry fruits on metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of current evidence 探索桑葚果实对代谢综合征的影响:对现有证据的系统回顾

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100363

Matilde Tornaghi , Ali Ali Redha , Mariangela Rondanelli , Simone Perna

Background

Mulberries are rich in nutrients including a wide range of polyphenols that possess different bioactive properties. This systematic review illustrates mulberry's potential as a promising plant food for mitigating the perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on 1st March 2023 in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 15 eligible studies (in vitro and in vivo) studies evaluating the effect of mulberries on metabolic syndrome-related factors such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure were included.

Results

Predominantly, the studies have centred around its anti-visceral-obesity and lipid-reducing effects. The interventions in these studies spanned 8–12 weeks, employing modest oral doses—ranging from 10 to 800 of mg/kg of body weight per day—of mulberry extracts, powders, or freeze-dried fruits. The favorable effects of mulberry are predominantly ascribed to its rich polyphenolic content, which interacts with diverse metabolic pathways. In terms of its anti-visceral-obesity effect, these polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, exhibit the capacity to modulate fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, enhance mitochondrial function, and attenuate reactive oxygen species accumulation. In vivo, constituents such as resveratrol, rutin, and anthocyanins demonstrate efficacy in inhibiting lipid synthesis, accumulation, and oxidation, leveraging their free radical scavenging ability, while concurrently orchestrating metabolic modulation in tandem with prebiotic agents.

Conclusions

Based on these data, it can be inferred that the utilization of white mulberry holds greater promise in the management of ailments like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conversely, black mulberry displays efficacy in addressing diabetes and obesity.

桑葚含有丰富的营养物质，包括多种具有不同生物活性的多酚。这篇系统的综述说明了桑树作为一种有前途的植物性食物的潜力，可以减轻与代谢综合征相关的扰动。系统检索于2023年3月1日在Scopus和PubMed中进行。共纳入15项符合条件的研究(体外和体内)，评估桑葚对代谢综合征相关因素(如肥胖、糖尿病、高胆固醇和高血压)的影响。这些研究主要集中在其抗内脏肥胖和降脂作用上。这些研究的干预措施持续了8-12周，采用适度的口服剂量——每天10 - 800毫克/千克体重的桑树提取物、粉末或冻干水果。桑树的有益作用主要归因于其丰富的多酚含量，多酚与多种代谢途径相互作用。就其抗内脏肥胖作用而言，这些多酚类化合物，特别是花青素，具有调节脂肪酸和甘油三酯合成、增强线粒体功能和减弱活性氧积累的能力。在体内，白藜芦醇、芦丁和花青素等成分显示出抑制脂质合成、积累和氧化的功效，利用它们的自由基清除能力，同时与益生元制剂协同协调代谢调节。基于这些数据，可以推断，白桑葚的利用在高血压和血脂异常等疾病的管理中具有更大的希望。相反，黑桑在治疗糖尿病和肥胖方面显示出功效。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of depression and anxiety: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials 益生菌治疗抑郁和焦虑的有效性和安全性:随机临床试验的系统评价综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362

Claudia Regina de Souza , Raul Edison Luna Lazo , Felipe Mainka, André Gaspar Zinco, Mariana Mengarda, Aline de Fátima Bonetti, Fábio Seigi Murakami

Background

Depression and anxiety have several consequences on human health and are the most prevalent mental disorders in the world. The central nervous system is known to be affected by the gut microbiota. Therefore, the consumption of probiotics can act as an alternative for the treatment of these disorders.

Objectives

This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety through an overview of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2023. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021246244). Efficacy and safety were assessed based on the results of depression and anxiety scale scores, and the adverse events reported. The quality of the studies and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE pro tools respectively.

Results

Twenty-one systematic reviews were included. Some studies showed promising results for the use of probiotics in depression treatment. However, the AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that ten studies (47.6%) were rated as "Moderate," four studies (19.0.%) as "Low," and seven studies (33.4%) as "Critically Low" in terms of methodological quality. Regarding adverse events, only 5 studies report it. Based on the GRADE pro evaluation the force of recommendation probiotics for depression and anxiety is still strength remains weak.

Conclusion

More systematic reviews with higher-quality, following meticulously recommended methodological guidelines should be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics as intervention in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety.

抑郁和焦虑对人类健康有多种影响，是世界上最普遍的精神障碍。众所周知，中枢神经系统会受到肠道菌群的影响。因此，食用益生菌可以作为治疗这些疾病的另一种选择。本综述旨在通过对随机临床试验的系统综述，评估益生菌对抑郁症和焦虑症患者的影响。方法系统检索PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库至2023年5月。本综述在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021246244)。根据抑郁和焦虑量表评分结果及不良事件报告评估疗效和安全性。研究的质量和证据的确定性分别使用AMSTAR 2和GRADE pro工具进行评估。结果共纳入21篇系统评价。一些研究显示，使用益生菌治疗抑郁症有很好的结果。然而，AMSTAR 2工具显示，就方法学质量而言，10项研究(47.6%)被评为“中等”，4项研究(19.0%)被评为“低”，7项研究(33.4%)被评为“极低”。关于不良事件，只有5项研究报告了它。基于GRADE亲评价，推荐益生菌治疗抑郁和焦虑的力度仍然较弱。结论在评估益生菌干预抑郁和焦虑患者的疗效和安全性方面，需要更多的系统评价和更高质量的评价，并遵循精心推荐的方法学指南。

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of depression and anxiety: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Claudia Regina de Souza , Raul Edison Luna Lazo , Felipe Mainka, André Gaspar Zinco, Mariana Mengarda, Aline de Fátima Bonetti, Fábio Seigi Murakami","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Depression and anxiety have several consequences on human health and are the most prevalent </span>mental disorders<span> in the world. The central nervous system<span><span> is known to be affected by the gut microbiota<span>. Therefore, the consumption of probiotics can act as an alternative for the </span></span>treatment of these disorders.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety through an overview of </span>systematic reviews<span> of randomized clinical trials.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2023. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021246244). Efficacy and safety were assessed based on the results of depression and anxiety scale scores, and the adverse events reported. The quality of the studies and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE pro tools respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-one systematic reviews were included. Some studies showed promising results for the use of probiotics in depression treatment. However, the AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that ten studies (47.6%) were rated as \"Moderate,\" four studies (19.0.%) as \"Low,\" and seven studies (33.4%) as \"Critically Low\" in terms of methodological quality. Regarding adverse events, only 5 studies report it. Based on the GRADE pro evaluation the force of recommendation probiotics for depression and anxiety is still strength remains weak.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>More systematic reviews with higher-quality, following meticulously recommended methodological guidelines should be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics as intervention in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary medium-chain triglycerides upregulate metabolic gene expression in the gastrocnemius and downregulate expression of muscle-degradation gene in the soleus in aged bromodomain-containing 4+/- heterozygous mice 饮食中链甘油三酯上调老年含溴结构域4+/-杂合小鼠腓肠肌代谢基因表达，下调比目鱼肌肌肉降解基因表达

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100361

Mayu Kimura , Shiori Ishiyama , Takashi Ando , Yuji Tanaka , Keiko Ozato , Kazuki Mochizuki

Purpose

Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) positively regulates metabolic gene expression, and Brd4^+/- heterozygous mice exhibit leanness and malnutrition-like features. We evaluated gene expression changes, particularly of metabolism and muscle synthesis/degradation, in the skeletal muscles of aged Brd4^+/- mice fed a high medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet.

Methods

Each organ weight of C57BL/6J male wild-type and Brd4^+/-/C57BL/6J mice were assessed at approximately 100 weeks old. Male Brd4^+/-/C57BL/6J mice (aged 54–84 weeks) were fed a control or MCT diet for approximately 5 months and mRNA expression changes in the gastrocnemius and soleus were quantified using mRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR.

Results

Gastrocnemius and soleus weights decreased markedly in aged Brd4^+/-, compared to wild-type mice; MCT-fed Brd4^+/- mice had decreased mesenteric adipose tissue weight but no decrease in gastrocnemius and soleus weights. Metabolic gene expression was downregulated more in the gastrocnemius than in the soleus. Metabolic genes, including glycolytic and citric acid cycle, and Myh3, mediating regeneration of the skeletal muscle, in gastrocnemius, were upregulated in MCT-diet-fed Brd4^+/-, whereas Murf1, which promotes degradation, was downregulated in soleus.

Conclusions

An MCT-rich diet altered mRNA expression of metabolic and muscle-regeneration and -degradation genes in the gastrocnemius and soleus of Brd4^+/- mice.

目的含溴4（BRD4）正调控代谢基因表达，BRD4+/-杂合小鼠表现出消瘦和营养不良样特征。我们评估了喂食高-中链甘油三酯（MCT）饮食的老年Brd4+/-小鼠骨骼肌中的基因表达变化，特别是代谢和肌肉合成/降解的变化。方法在大约100周龄时评估C57BL/6J雄性野生型和Brd4+/-/C57BL/6J小鼠的每个器官重量。雄性Brd4+/-C57BL/6J小鼠（54–84周龄）喂食对照或MCT饮食约5个月，并使用信使核糖核酸微阵列分析和qRT-PCR定量腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的信使核糖核酸表达变化。结果与野生型小鼠相比，老龄Brd4++-的腓肠肌和腓肠肌重量显著降低；MCT喂养的Brd4+/-小鼠肠系膜脂肪组织重量减少，但腓肠肌和比目鱼肌重量没有减少。代谢基因表达在腓肠肌中的下调幅度大于比目鱼肌。代谢基因，包括糖酵解和柠檬酸循环，以及介导腓肠肌骨骼肌再生的Myh3，在MCT饮食喂养的Brd4+/-中上调，而促进降解的Murf1在比目鱼肌中下调。结论富含MCT的饮食改变了Brd4+/-小鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌代谢、肌肉再生和降解基因的mRNA表达。

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引用次数: 0

Nucleic acids and collagen can attenuate ovariectomy-induced degeneration of fibers in the abdominal aortic wall of female rat 核酸和胶原蛋白能减轻卵巢切除引起的雌性大鼠腹主动脉壁纤维变性

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360

Mayo Higashihara , Hirona Kugo , Tomomi Nakamura , Tomoko Sumi , Daisuke Shimizu , Keisuke Kiriyama , Mica Fujita , Keita Sutoh , Tatsuya Moriyama , Nobuhiro Zaima

Background

Women are more resistant to the development of cardiovascular diseases compared with men. However, the vascular integrity of elderly women gradually declines, and their incidence is comparable to that of men. The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases is reportedly associated with menopause. The previous studies which show close relationship between menopause and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases suggest that preventive methods must be established to alleviate this unavoidable menopause-induced vascular degeneration. Functional food factors can be effective for prevention of degeneration of the vascular wall in women. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary nucleic acids and collagen on vascular degeneration after ovariectomy (OVX).

Methods

Three-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into 4 groups according to condition: sham-placebo drink, sham-sample drink, OVX-placebo drink, and OVX-sample drink. The sample drink and placebo drink were administered orally until autopsy, respectively. One week later, sham-treatment or OVX was performed, and 7 weeks later, tissues were collected for pathological analysis by staining.

Results

OVX-induced degenerations of vascular fibers, degradation of elastic fiber and denature of collagen, were suppressed in the rats which were administrated nucleic acids and collagen. OVX induced increases of neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9. The increased neutrophil elastase and MMPs were decreased by administration of nucleic acids and collagen. Nucleic acids and collagen suppressed infiltration of macrophages and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscles cells.

Conclusions

These results suggest that nucleic acids and collagen prevent vascular inflammation which results in degeneration of the vascular wall.

与男性相比，女性对心血管疾病的抵抗力更强。然而，老年女性血管完整性逐渐下降，其发病率与男性相当。据报道，心血管疾病风险的增加与更年期有关。先前的研究表明更年期与心血管疾病风险增加之间的密切关系，建议必须建立预防方法来减轻这种不可避免的更年期引起的血管变性。功能性食物因子可有效预防女性血管壁退化。在这项研究中，我们评估了膳食核酸和胶原蛋白对卵巢切除术后血管变性的影响。方法将3周龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠按条件分为4组:假安慰剂饮料、假样品饮料、ovx -安慰剂饮料和ovx -样品饮料。样品饮料和安慰剂饮料分别被口服，直到尸体解剖。1周后进行假治疗或OVX治疗，7周后收集组织进行染色病理分析。结果sovx诱导的大鼠血管纤维变性、弹性纤维降解和胶原变性均受到抑制。OVX诱导中性粒细胞弹性酶和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP) 2和9升高。核酸和胶原可降低中性粒细胞弹性酶和MMPs的升高。核酸和胶原抑制巨噬细胞浸润和血管平滑肌细胞功能障碍。结论核酸和胶原蛋白具有预防血管炎症导致的血管壁变性的作用。

{"title":"Nucleic acids and collagen can attenuate ovariectomy-induced degeneration of fibers in the abdominal aortic wall of female rat","authors":"Mayo Higashihara , Hirona Kugo , Tomomi Nakamura , Tomoko Sumi , Daisuke Shimizu , Keisuke Kiriyama , Mica Fujita , Keita Sutoh , Tatsuya Moriyama , Nobuhiro Zaima","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Women are more resistant to the development of cardiovascular diseases compared with men. However, the vascular integrity of elderly women gradually declines, and their incidence is comparable to that of men. The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases is reportedly associated with menopause. The previous studies which show close relationship between menopause and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases suggest that preventive methods must be established to alleviate this unavoidable menopause-induced vascular degeneration. Functional food factors can be effective for prevention of degeneration of the vascular wall in women. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary </span>nucleic acids<span> and collagen on vascular degeneration after ovariectomy (OVX).</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into 4 groups according to condition: sham-placebo drink, sham-sample drink, OVX-placebo drink, and OVX-sample drink. The sample drink and placebo drink were administered orally until autopsy, respectively. One week later, sham-treatment or OVX was performed, and 7 weeks later, tissues were collected for pathological analysis by staining.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>OVX-induced degenerations of vascular fibers, degradation of elastic fiber and denature of collagen, were suppressed in the rats which were administrated nucleic acids and collagen. OVX induced increases of </span>neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9. The increased neutrophil elastase and MMPs were decreased by administration of nucleic acids and collagen. Nucleic acids and collagen suppressed infiltration of macrophages and dysfunction of </span>vascular smooth muscles cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest that nucleic acids and collagen prevent vascular inflammation which results in degeneration of the vascular wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92024867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ketone bodies inhibit mast cell degradation and protect against anaphylaxis 酮体抑制肥大细胞降解并防止过敏反应

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359

Akira Sato , Hina Nemoto , Tsukasa Matsumoto , Makoto Ohira

Background

Ketone bodies play critical roles in organismal energy homeostasis; however, their effects on various diseases remain unknown. We investigated the effects of two ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB) and acetoacetic acid (AcAc), on type I hypersensitivity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The effects of β-HB and AcAc on mast cell degradation, as monitored by β-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, and hypothermic anaphylaxis, a potentially deadly allergic reaction, were evaluated in an anaphylactic mouse model.

Results

Both β-HB and AcAc inhibited β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AcAc were greater than those of β-HB. The inhibitory effects of β-HB and AcAc were significantly attenuated in the presence of a GPR109A receptor antagonist mepenzolate bromide and GPR43A antagonist GLPG0974. β-HB and AcAc did not affect the viability of RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations below 100 µmol/L. In an anaphylactic mouse model, the intraperitoneal injection of AcAc (1 µmol/mouse) inhibited anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas the injection of β-HB (1–10 µmol/mouse) did not.

Conclusions

These results suggest that β-HB and AcAc, especially AcAc, are effective in type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, by inhibiting mast cell degradation.

酮体在机体能量稳态中起着关键作用；然而，它们对各种疾病的影响仍然未知。我们在体外和体内研究了两种酮体，β-羟基丁酸（β-HB）和乙酰乙酸（AcAc）对I型超敏反应的影响。方法通过大鼠嗜碱性白血病RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖胺酶来监测β-HB和AcAc对肥大细胞降解的影响，并在过敏小鼠模型中评估低温过敏反应（一种潜在的致命过敏反应）。结果β-HB和AcAc均以浓度依赖性方式抑制RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖苷酶。AcAc的抑制作用大于β-HB。在GPR109A受体拮抗剂溴化甲苯甲酸酯和GPR43A拮抗剂GLPG0974的存在下，β-HB和AcAc的抑制作用显著减弱。β-HB和AcAc在低于100µmol/L的浓度下不影响RBL-2H3细胞的活力。在过敏性小鼠模型中，腹腔注射AcAc（1µmol/小鼠）抑制过敏性体温过低，而注射β-HB（1-10µmol/鼠）则没有。结论β-HB和AcAc，尤其是AcAc通过抑制肥大细胞降解，对过敏反应等I型超敏反应有效。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials 补充硒对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者心脏代谢危险因素的影响：随机临床试验的系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358

Ahmed Abu-Zaid , Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari , Abdullah Alyousef , Saeed Baradwan , Naif Bin Muaythir , Yasir Almudaymigh , Mohammed Abuzaid , Saleh A.K. Saleh , Heba M. Adly , Osama Alomar

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring mineral trace element that constitutes an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with PCOS.

Methods

MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of oral selenium supplementation on patients with PCOS. We employed a random-effects model to generate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Seven trials published between 2015 and 2022 were included. All the included studies were double blind, placebo-controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in VLDL (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.65; −0.05), MDA (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.21; −0.57) and hs-CRP (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.73; −0.03), as well as a significant increase in QUICKI (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.47; 1.09). The current meta-analysis did not find any significant changes in FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, TAC, GSH, NO, SHBG, total testosterone, or mFG score for PCOS patients following selenium supplementation compared to placebo.

Conclusion

Selenium supplementation may serve as a good adjunct therapy in patients with PCOS to decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammatory status. Moreover, selenium may improve insulin sensitivity in these patients. However, the overall effects of selenium on all cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS patients still need to be evaluated through large population and long duration RCTs.

背景多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）已被证明与心脏代谢危险因素有关。硒（Se）是一种天然存在的矿物微量元素，是硒蛋白的重要成分，在抗氧化防御中起着至关重要的作用。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估补充硒对多囊卵巢综合征患者心脏代谢危险因素的影响。方法检索截至2023年3月的MEDLINE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Web of Science和Scopus数据库，以进行随机临床试验，评估口服硒补充剂对多囊卵巢综合征患者的影响。我们采用了随机效应模型来生成汇总估计和95%置信区间（CI）。结果纳入了2015年至2022年间发表的7项试验。所有纳入的研究均为双盲安慰剂对照试验。补硒可显著降低极低密度脂蛋白（SMD=-0.35，95%CI:−0.65；−0.05）、丙二醛（SMD=−0.89，95%CI：−1.21；−0.57，与安慰剂相比，补充硒后多囊卵巢综合征患者的GSH、NO、SHBG、总睾酮或mFG评分。结论补充硒对PCOS患者有较好的辅助治疗作用，可降低脂质过氧化和炎症状态。此外，硒可以改善这些患者的胰岛素敏感性。然而，硒对多囊卵巢综合征患者所有心脏代谢危险因素的总体影响仍需通过大量人群和长期随机对照试验进行评估。

{"title":"Effect of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Ahmed Abu-Zaid , Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari , Abdullah Alyousef , Saeed Baradwan , Naif Bin Muaythir , Yasir Almudaymigh , Mohammed Abuzaid , Saleh A.K. Saleh , Heba M. Adly , Osama Alomar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Polycystic ovary syndrome<span> (PCOS) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring mineral trace element that constitutes an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. This </span></span>systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors </span>in patients with PCOS.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials<span>, Web of Science, and Scopus<span> databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of oral selenium supplementation on patients with PCOS. We employed a random-effects model to generate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Seven trials published between 2015 and 2022 were included. All the included studies were double blind, placebo-controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in VLDL<span><span><span> (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.65; −0.05), MDA (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.21; −0.57) and hs-CRP (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.73; −0.03), as well as a significant increase in </span>QUICKI (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.47; 1.09). The current meta-analysis did not find any significant changes in </span>FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, </span></span>TC<span><span>, TG<span>, HDL, </span></span>LDL<span><span><span>, TAC, GSH, </span>NO, </span>SHBG<span>, total testosterone, or mFG score for PCOS patients following selenium supplementation compared to placebo.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span><span>Selenium supplementation may serve as a good adjunct therapy in patients with PCOS to decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammatory status. Moreover, selenium may improve </span>insulin sensitivity in these patients. However, the overall effects of selenium on all cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS patients still need to be evaluated through large population and long duration </span>RCTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pitaya (Hylocereus lemairei) extracts avoid mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-kβ/NLRP-3-mediated inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose and are in vivo safe 火龙果提取物在高糖条件下可避免线粒体功能障碍和NF-kβ/NLRP-3介导的内皮细胞炎症，在体内安全

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356

Karina Z. Lodi , Carina Cassini , Fernando J. Scariot , Sergio Echeverrigaray , Sidnei M. Silva , Alencar K. Machado , Lauren Pappis , Raquel Bridi , Scheila A. Silva , Luciana B. Touguinha , Mirian Salvador , Catia S. Branco

Background

Pitaya has gained popularity as a dietary alternative for diabetics. However, the precise molecular basis and biochemical effects are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate pitaya influence in endothelial cells under high glucose, mimicking hyperglycemia.

Methods

EA.hy926 cells were treated with 1 µg/mL of extract for 24 h with 35 mM of glucose (HG) and/or metformin (MET; 0.5 mM). It was analyzed cell viability/proliferation, apoptosis, ΔΨm, and pHi. Markers of aerobic (NADH and succinate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) glycolysis were evaluated, as well as NO levels, NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. To determine in vivo safety, acute toxicity in A. salina was conducted (0.5–65 mg/mL). Chemical characterization was performed by HPLC.

Results

HG negatively impacted cell viability and proliferation. Cells presented high levels of extracellular LDH and NO, as well as an increment on NADH, and succinate dehydrogenase activities, and ATP production. Cytometry revealed an increase in ROS levels, apoptosis, and changes in pHi and ΔΨm, accompanied by an increase in NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. These alterations were partially (extract per se pulp and/or associated with MET) or totally (extract per se peel and/or MET associated) reversed. No toxicity for peel extract at concentrations until 65 mg/mL was found. HPLC revealed quercetin and kaempferol in both extracts.

Conclusion

Data indicate that pitaya peel extract is safe and, according to a Principal Component Analysis, can be used as a co-therapeutic strategy to minimize oxidative damage and inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose.

背景火龙果作为糖尿病患者的一种饮食替代品越来越受欢迎。然而，确切的分子基础和生物化学效应还不太清楚。本研究旨在评估火龙果在高糖、模拟高血糖条件下对内皮细胞的影响。方法用1µg/mL提取物和35mM葡萄糖（HG）和/或二甲双胍（MET；0.5mM）处理EA.hy926细胞24小时，分析细胞活力/增殖、凋亡、ΔΨm和pHi。评估有氧（NADH和琥珀酸脱氢酶，以及ATP合成酶）和无氧（LDH）糖酵解的标志物，以及NO水平、NF-kβ和NLRP3的表达。为了确定体内安全性，对盐藻进行了急性毒性试验（0.5–65 mg/mL）。通过HPLC进行了化学表征。结果HG对细胞活力和增殖产生了负面影响。细胞表现出高水平的细胞外LDH和NO，以及NADH、琥珀酸脱氢酶活性和ATP产生的增加。细胞测定显示ROS水平增加、细胞凋亡、pHi和ΔΨm变化，同时NF-kβ和NLRP3表达增加。这些改变被部分逆转（提取物本身的果肉和/或与MET相关）或完全逆转（提取物自身的果皮和/或MET相关）。在浓度为65mg/mL之前，未发现果皮提取物的毒性。HPLC显示两种提取物中均含有槲皮素和山奈酚。结论数据表明，火龙果皮提取物是安全的，根据主成分分析，可以作为一种联合治疗策略，最大限度地减少高糖下内皮细胞的氧化损伤和炎症。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the possibility of a proprietary black cumin oil extract as a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist in restoring stress-sleep balance on stress-induced sleep deprived animals 探索一种专有的黑孜然油提取物作为双Orexin受体拮抗剂在恢复压力诱导的睡眠剥夺动物的压力睡眠平衡中的可能性

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357

Saneha OR , Priya Krishna , Syam Das S , Krishnakumar IM , Litty Joseph

Background

Orexins act as a molecular switch for the release of cortisol/corticosterone in response to a stress stimulus and hence to regulate sleep/wake cycle. Orexin agonism during the day promotes wakefulness, and Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) can promote sleep signals by enhancing melatonin, which is an inhibitor of orexin. It was reported that a proprietary black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil (BCO-5) alleviated stress and improved sleep quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of BCO-5 using stress-induced and sleep-deprived model of rats.

Methods

Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were randomised into 4 groups (Group I – Sham; Group II – Stress-induced group; Group III – BCO-5 treated normal animals; Group IV – Stress + BCO-5 (20 mg/kg b. wt.) for 14 days and monitored the behaviour and biochemical markers.

Results

The co-supplementation of BCO-5 significantly decreased the body weight, locomotor activity, rearing and grooming frequencies among Group IV animals significantly compared to Group II. The observed behaviour was also correlated with the significant decrease in orexin, corticosterone and c-fos expression levels, while an increase was observed in melatonin concentration.

Conclusion

Our results support the plausible role of BCO-5 as a DORA to manage stress and improve sleep.

背景Orexins作为一种分子开关，在压力刺激下释放皮质醇/皮质酮，从而调节睡眠/觉醒周期。白天的食欲素激动剂可以促进清醒，双食欲素受体拮抗剂（DORA）可以通过增强褪黑素来促进睡眠信号，褪黑素是食欲素的抑制剂。据报道，一种专有的黑孜然（Nigella sativa）油（BCO-5）缓解了压力，改善了睡眠质量。本研究采用应激诱导和睡眠剥夺大鼠模型，探讨BCO-5的作用机制。方法将成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠（n=24）随机分为4组（I组–Sham；II组–应激诱导组；III组–BCO-5处理的正常动物；IV组–应激+BCO-5（20mg/kg b.wt.），为期14天，并监测其行为和生化标志物。结果与第二组相比，共同补充BCO-5显著降低了第四组动物的体重、运动活性、饲养和梳理频率。观察到的行为还与食欲素、皮质酮和c-fos表达水平的显著降低有关，而褪黑素浓度的增加则观察到。结论我们的研究结果支持BCO-5作为DORA在管理压力和改善睡眠方面的合理作用。

{"title":"Exploring the possibility of a proprietary black cumin oil extract as a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist in restoring stress-sleep balance on stress-induced sleep deprived animals","authors":"Saneha OR , Priya Krishna , Syam Das S , Krishnakumar IM , Litty Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Orexins<span><span> act as a molecular switch for the release of cortisol/corticosterone in response to a stress stimulus and hence to regulate sleep/wake cycle. Orexin agonism during the day promotes wakefulness, and Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) can promote sleep signals by enhancing </span>melatonin, which is an inhibitor of orexin. It was reported that a proprietary </span></span>black cumin (</span><em>Nigella sativa</em>) oil (BCO-5) alleviated stress and improved sleep quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of BCO-5 using stress-induced and sleep-deprived model of rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adult <em>Sprague Dawley</em><span> rats (n = 24) were randomised into 4 groups (Group I – Sham; Group II – Stress-induced group; Group III – BCO-5 treated normal animals; Group IV – Stress + BCO-5 (20 mg/kg b. wt.) for 14 days and monitored the behaviour and biochemical markers.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The co-supplementation of BCO-5 significantly decreased the body weight, locomotor activity, rearing and grooming frequencies among Group IV animals significantly compared to Group II. The observed behaviour was also correlated with the significant decrease in orexin, corticosterone and c-fos expression levels, while an increase was observed in melatonin concentration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results support the plausible role of BCO-5 as a DORA to manage stress and improve sleep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0