Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.180402
Joseph Tindall, Dries Sels
Inspired by a recent quantum computing experiment [Y. Kim et al., Nature (London), 618, 500–5 (2023)], we study the emergence of confinement in the transverse field Ising model on a decorated hexagonal lattice. Using an infinite tensor network state optimized with belief propagation we show how a quench from a broken symmetry state leads to striking nonthermal behavior underpinned by persistent oscillations and saturation of the entanglement entropy. We explain this phenomenon by constructing a minimal model based on the confinement of elementary excitations. Our model is in excellent agreement with our numerical results. For quenches to larger values of the transverse field and/or from nonsymmetry broken states, our numerical results display the expected signatures of thermalization: a linear growth of entanglement entropy in time, propagation of correlations, and the saturation of observables to their thermal averages. These results provide a physical explanation for the unexpected classical simulability of the quantum dynamics.
受最近一次量子计算实验的启发[Y. Kim 等人，《自然》（伦敦），618, 500-5 (2023)]，我们研究了在装饰六边形晶格上的横向场伊辛模型中出现的约束。利用信念传播优化的无限张量网络态，我们展示了从对称破缺态淬火如何导致由持续振荡和纠缠熵饱和支撑的惊人的非热行为。我们通过构建一个基于基本激元约束的最小模型来解释这一现象。我们的模型与数值结果非常吻合。对于淬火到较大的横向场值和/或来自非对称破缺态，我们的数值结果显示了预期的热化特征：纠缠熵随时间的线性增长、相关性的传播以及观测值饱和到热平均值。这些结果为量子动力学意想不到的经典可模拟性提供了物理解释。
{"title":"Confinement in the Transverse Field Ising Model on the Heavy Hex Lattice","authors":"Joseph Tindall, Dries Sels","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.180402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.180402","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by a recent quantum computing experiment [Y. Kim <i>et al.</i>, <span>Nature (London)</span>, <b>618</b>, 500–5 (2023)], we study the emergence of confinement in the transverse field Ising model on a decorated hexagonal lattice. Using an infinite tensor network state optimized with belief propagation we show how a quench from a broken symmetry state leads to striking nonthermal behavior underpinned by persistent oscillations and saturation of the entanglement entropy. We explain this phenomenon by constructing a minimal model based on the confinement of elementary excitations. Our model is in excellent agreement with our numerical results. For quenches to larger values of the transverse field and/or from nonsymmetry broken states, our numerical results display the expected signatures of thermalization: a linear growth of entanglement entropy in time, propagation of correlations, and the saturation of observables to their thermal averages. These results provide a physical explanation for the unexpected classical simulability of the quantum dynamics.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"1247 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.183601
Nicolás A. Nuñez Barreto, Muriel Bonetto, Marcelo A. Luda, Cecilia Cormick, Christian T. Schmiegelow
We present an experiment investigating the rotational Doppler effect using a single trapped ion excited by two copropagating vortex laser beams. The setup isolates the azimuthal gradients of the fields, eliminating longitudinal and curvature effects. We provide a detailed characterization of the phenomenon by deterministically positioning a single ion across the beams and measuring fluorescence spectra with sharp “dark resonances” whose features depend on the angular velocity of the ion and the difference of optical orbital angular momentum between the two beams. The interpretation of the measurements is supported by numerical simulations and by a simplified analytical model. Our results reveal key properties of the rotational Doppler effect, showing that it increases approaching the center of the beam and that it is independent of the waist of the beam. This offers insights into the feasibility of superkicks or super-Doppler shifts for sensing and manipulating atomic motion transverse to the beams’ propagation direction.
{"title":"Observation of Space-Dependent Rotational Doppler Shifts with a Single Ion Probe","authors":"Nicolás A. Nuñez Barreto, Muriel Bonetto, Marcelo A. Luda, Cecilia Cormick, Christian T. Schmiegelow","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.183601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.183601","url":null,"abstract":"We present an experiment investigating the rotational Doppler effect using a single trapped ion excited by two copropagating vortex laser beams. The setup isolates the azimuthal gradients of the fields, eliminating longitudinal and curvature effects. We provide a detailed characterization of the phenomenon by deterministically positioning a single ion across the beams and measuring fluorescence spectra with sharp “dark resonances” whose features depend on the angular velocity of the ion and the difference of optical orbital angular momentum between the two beams. The interpretation of the measurements is supported by numerical simulations and by a simplified analytical model. Our results reveal key properties of the rotational Doppler effect, showing that it increases approaching the center of the beam and that it is independent of the waist of the beam. This offers insights into the feasibility of superkicks or super-Doppler shifts for sensing and manipulating atomic motion transverse to the beams’ propagation direction.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.187201
Arthur Barbosa, Najib Kacem, Noureddine Bouhaddi
Periodic chains of nonlinear oscillators are known to support solitonic solutions within a specific range of physical parameters when damping effect is considered. This Letter investigates the dynamics of stationary solitons in damped nonlinear lattices under external excitation, focusing on the influence of impurities related to the natural frequency of the oscillators. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that incorporating impurities into externally driven periodic lattices can expand the solitonic stability diagram under high-damping areas and near the Hopf bifurcation of periodic structures. A mathematical description that closely aligns with experimental realities is presented through the disordered damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Specifically, we prove how impurities along the chain can spontaneously nucleate the lattice solitons. The obtained results open the way toward the functionalization of disorder to control nonlinear energy localization in damped nonperiodic structures.
{"title":"Standing Solitons Tuned by Impurities in Damped Nonlinear Lattices under External Excitation","authors":"Arthur Barbosa, Najib Kacem, Noureddine Bouhaddi","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.187201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.187201","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic chains of nonlinear oscillators are known to support solitonic solutions within a specific range of physical parameters when damping effect is considered. This Letter investigates the dynamics of stationary solitons in damped nonlinear lattices under external excitation, focusing on the influence of impurities related to the natural frequency of the oscillators. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that incorporating impurities into externally driven periodic lattices can expand the solitonic stability diagram under high-damping areas and near the Hopf bifurcation of periodic structures. A mathematical description that closely aligns with experimental realities is presented through the disordered damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Specifically, we prove how impurities along the chain can spontaneously nucleate the lattice solitons. The obtained results open the way toward the functionalization of disorder to control nonlinear energy localization in damped nonperiodic structures.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.181901
Guy F. de Téramond, Arpon Paul, Stanley J. Brodsky, Alexandre Deur, Hans Günter Dosch, Tianbo Liu, Raza Sabbir Sufian (HLFHS Collaboration)
We use analytic continuation to extend the gauge-gravity duality nonperturbative description of the strong force coupling into the transition, near-perturbative, regime where perturbative effects become important. By excluding the unphysical region in coupling space from the flow of singularities in the complex plane, we derive a specific relation between the scales relevant at large and short distances; this relation is uniquely fixed by requiring maximal analyticity. The unified effective coupling model gives an accurate description of the data in the nonperturbative and the near-perturbative regions.
{"title":"QCD Running Coupling in the Nonperturbative and Near-Perturbative Regimes","authors":"Guy F. de Téramond, Arpon Paul, Stanley J. Brodsky, Alexandre Deur, Hans Günter Dosch, Tianbo Liu, Raza Sabbir Sufian (HLFHS Collaboration)","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.181901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.181901","url":null,"abstract":"We use analytic continuation to extend the gauge-gravity duality nonperturbative description of the strong force coupling into the transition, near-perturbative, regime where perturbative effects become important. By excluding the unphysical region in coupling space from the flow of singularities in the complex plane, we derive a specific relation between the scales relevant at large and short distances; this relation is uniquely fixed by requiring maximal analyticity. The unified effective coupling model gives an accurate description of the data in the nonperturbative and the near-perturbative regions.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.183401
Alberto Nardin, Daniele De Bernardis, Rifat Onur Umucalılar, Leonardo Mazza, Matteo Rizzi, Iacopo Carusotto
We study the quantum dynamics in response to time-dependent external potentials of the edge modes of a small fractional quantum Hall fluid composed of few particles on a lattice in a bosonic Laughlin-like state at filling 𝜈=1/2. We show that the nonlinear chiral Luttinger liquid theory provides a quantitatively accurate description even for the small lattices that are available in state-of-the-art experiments, away from the continuum limit. Experimentally accessible data related to the quantized value of the bulk transverse Hall conductivity are identified both in the linear and the non-linear response to an external excitation. The strong nonlinearity induced by the open boundaries is responsible for sizable quantum blockade effects, leading to the generation of nonclassical states of the edge modes.
{"title":"Quantum Nonlinear Optics on the Edge of a Few-Particle Fractional Quantum Hall Fluid in a Small Lattice","authors":"Alberto Nardin, Daniele De Bernardis, Rifat Onur Umucalılar, Leonardo Mazza, Matteo Rizzi, Iacopo Carusotto","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.183401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.183401","url":null,"abstract":"We study the quantum dynamics in response to time-dependent external potentials of the edge modes of a small fractional quantum Hall fluid composed of few particles on a lattice in a bosonic Laughlin-like state at filling <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"43\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(6 0 1 (5 2 3 4))\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0,5\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 5\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"nu equals 1 divided by 2\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝜈</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,=\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 4\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"division\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\" space=\"4\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,/\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"division\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>/</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container>. We show that the nonlinear chiral Luttinger liquid theory provides a quantitatively accurate description even for the small lattices that are available in state-of-the-art experiments, away from the continuum limit. Experimentally accessible data related to the quantized value of the bulk transverse Hall conductivity are identified both in the linear and the non-linear response to an external excitation. The strong nonlinearity induced by the open boundaries is responsible for sizable quantum blockade effects, leading to the generation of nonclassical states of the edge modes.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.183201
Wenhai Xie, Zichen Li, Min Li, Yupeng Liu, Yang Liu, Chuanpeng Cao, Keyu Guo, Kunlong Liu, Yueming Zhou, Peixiang Lu
Attosecond-scale temporal characterization of photoionization is essential in understanding how light and matter interact on the most fundamental level. However, characterizing the temporal property of strong-field above-threshold ionization has remained unreached. Here, we propose a novel photoelectron interferometric method to disentangle the contribution of Coulomb effect from an attoclock, allowing us to clock energy-resolved time delays of strong-field above-threshold ionization. We disentangle two types of Coulomb effects for the attoclock, i.e., one arising from the Coulomb disturbance of a single electron trajectory and the second effect arising from the photoelectron phase space distortion due to the Coulomb field. We find that the second Coulomb effect manifests itself as an energy-resolved attosecond time delay in the electron emission, which is relevant to the effect of nonadiabatic initial longitudinal momentum at the tunnel exit. Our study further indicates a sensitivity of the time delay to the temporal profile of the released electron wave packet within one half laser cycle. The temporal width of the released electron wave packet is found to increase with energy, which contradicts the common assumption in the adiabatic picture.
{"title":"Observation of Attosecond Time Delays in Above-Threshold Ionization","authors":"Wenhai Xie, Zichen Li, Min Li, Yupeng Liu, Yang Liu, Chuanpeng Cao, Keyu Guo, Kunlong Liu, Yueming Zhou, Peixiang Lu","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.183201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.183201","url":null,"abstract":"Attosecond-scale temporal characterization of photoionization is essential in understanding how light and matter interact on the most fundamental level. However, characterizing the temporal property of strong-field above-threshold ionization has remained unreached. Here, we propose a novel photoelectron interferometric method to disentangle the contribution of Coulomb effect from an attoclock, allowing us to clock energy-resolved time delays of strong-field above-threshold ionization. We disentangle two types of Coulomb effects for the attoclock, i.e., one arising from the Coulomb disturbance of a single electron trajectory and the second effect arising from the photoelectron phase space distortion due to the Coulomb field. We find that the second Coulomb effect manifests itself as an energy-resolved attosecond time delay in the electron emission, which is relevant to the effect of nonadiabatic initial longitudinal momentum at the tunnel exit. Our study further indicates a sensitivity of the time delay to the temporal profile of the released electron wave packet within one half laser cycle. The temporal width of the released electron wave packet is found to increase with energy, which contradicts the common assumption in the adiabatic picture.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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