Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.189
Sedat Toraman, M. Taksuk, Cem Şensöğüt
Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method developed to ensure that production activities are carried out inaccordance with predetermined quality specifications and to minimize the production of defective products/goods bylargely preventing non-standard production. Various scientific methods are used when the calorific values of coal fed tothermal power plants are examined in terms of quality. In this study, the calorific values and other specifications of thecoal fed to the Soma Thermal Power Plant (Manisa/Türkiye) and whether the process is under control or not are examinedby considering the two-year data for tracking and monitoring the process with the Statistical Process Control (SPC)method, taking into account both the design conditions of the power plant and the production parameters. The adequacyof the processes for which stability analysis was performed was evaluated in the next stage. When the two-year controlcharts (
{"title":"Evaluation of Coal Supplied to Soma Thermal Power Plant (Türkiye) with Statistical Process Control Techniques","authors":"Sedat Toraman, M. Taksuk, Cem Şensöğüt","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.189","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method developed to ensure that production activities are carried out inaccordance with predetermined quality specifications and to minimize the production of defective products/goods bylargely preventing non-standard production. Various scientific methods are used when the calorific values of coal fed tothermal power plants are examined in terms of quality. In this study, the calorific values and other specifications of thecoal fed to the Soma Thermal Power Plant (Manisa/Türkiye) and whether the process is under control or not are examinedby considering the two-year data for tracking and monitoring the process with the Statistical Process Control (SPC)method, taking into account both the design conditions of the power plant and the production parameters. The adequacyof the processes for which stability analysis was performed was evaluated in the next stage. When the two-year controlcharts (","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"22 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.166
Dr. Altaf Hussain Lahori, Dr. Ambreen Afzal, Dr. Maria Taj Muhammad, Dr. Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Dr. Viola Vambol
Zinc deficiency poses a serious threat to numerous crops and global human populations. Recently, soil biochar amendment has being promoted as a sustainable farming method. However, its consequence on the bioavailability of Zn in cereal crop has not been fully addressed. In the present study, 0.01% Zn-SO4 (w/w) was loaded in fruit waste, farmyard manure and coconut shell pyrolysis at 400 ℃, for 2 h to make fruit waste Zn-modified biochar (FWZn-MBC), farmyard manure Zn-modified biochar (FYZn-MBC) and coconut shell Zn-modified biochar (CSZn-MBC). Except control treatment, all the modified biochars were applied at 1, 2 and 4% doses on zinc availability, speciation, bajra growth and chemical properties in Zn-deficient soil. The obtained results showed that Zn mobility in soil was 70.04% with application of FYZn-MBC 4% as compared with other treatments. The maximum uptake of Zn in shoot and root by bajra plant was observed by 74.02% and 53% with addition of FYZn-MBC 4% as compared with control soil, due to an increase of soil organic matter. The chlorophyll SPAD values in the bajra aerial surface was increased from 30.23 to 39.24 with application FYZn-MBC 4% than control. The exchangeable fraction of Zn was increased from 7.34 to 14.71% with application of FYZn-MBC 4%. The correlation matrix results indicated that CaCO3 was positively correlated with soil pH. Soil organic matter was highly significant correlated with chlorophyll. Overall, future studies must be carried out to examine the long-term impact of FYZn-MBC 4% on Zn phytoavailbility in Zn-deficient soil.
{"title":"Application of zinc modified biochars to enhance zinc availability, speciation and bajra growth in Zn-deficient soil","authors":"Dr. Altaf Hussain Lahori, Dr. Ambreen Afzal, Dr. Maria Taj Muhammad, Dr. Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Dr. Viola Vambol","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.166","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc deficiency poses a serious threat to numerous crops and global human populations. Recently, soil biochar amendment has being promoted as a sustainable farming method. However, its consequence on the bioavailability of Zn in cereal crop has not been fully addressed. In the present study, 0.01% Zn-SO4 (w/w) was loaded in fruit waste, farmyard manure and coconut shell pyrolysis at 400 ℃, for 2 h to make fruit waste Zn-modified biochar (FWZn-MBC), farmyard manure Zn-modified biochar (FYZn-MBC) and coconut shell Zn-modified biochar (CSZn-MBC). Except control treatment, all the modified biochars were applied at 1, 2 and 4% doses on zinc availability, speciation, bajra growth and chemical properties in Zn-deficient soil. The obtained results showed that Zn mobility in soil was 70.04% with application of FYZn-MBC 4% as compared with other treatments. The maximum uptake of Zn in shoot and root by bajra plant was observed by 74.02% and 53% with addition of FYZn-MBC 4% as compared with control soil, due to an increase of soil organic matter. The chlorophyll SPAD values in the bajra aerial surface was increased from 30.23 to 39.24 with application FYZn-MBC 4% than control. The exchangeable fraction of Zn was increased from 7.34 to 14.71% with application of FYZn-MBC 4%. The correlation matrix results indicated that CaCO3 was positively correlated with soil pH. Soil organic matter was highly significant correlated with chlorophyll. Overall, future studies must be carried out to examine the long-term impact of FYZn-MBC 4% on Zn phytoavailbility in Zn-deficient soil.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.183
Ihtisham Khan, Osama Ahmed, Shayan Ahmad Yar
The present study focuses on the city of Lahore due to the substantial impacts of LULC on land-atmosphereclimatic interactions. This study aims to find and interpret the variations in land use patterns in Lahore during 20 years(2003, 2013, and 2023) with a ten-year interval. For in-depth analysis, four different classes- built-up, barren land,vegetation, and water bodies were determined. Several pre- and post-processing procedures were carefully carried outto improve the accuracy of the results after Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 2 satellite imageries had been utilized.The methodology included supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm along with changedetection to evaluate and interpret the LULC alterations. The extent of change is demonstrated by quantitative datashowing that the built-up area increased from 308.6491261 sq. km in 2003 to 336.9702759 sq. km in 2023. On theother hand, there was a drop of 1099.13587 sq. km in barren land and a decrease of 10.47416794 sq. km in waterbodies. Despite a notable rise between 2003 and 2013, vegetation cover decreased by 328.4721624 sq. km by 2023.This study offers important insights for sustainable urban development and land management policy in addition tofurthering our understanding of the dynamics of land use and land cover in Lahore
{"title":"Analyzing Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics Using Geospatial Approaches: A Case Study of District Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Ihtisham Khan, Osama Ahmed, Shayan Ahmad Yar","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i04.183","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on the city of Lahore due to the substantial impacts of LULC on land-atmosphereclimatic interactions. This study aims to find and interpret the variations in land use patterns in Lahore during 20 years(2003, 2013, and 2023) with a ten-year interval. For in-depth analysis, four different classes- built-up, barren land,vegetation, and water bodies were determined. Several pre- and post-processing procedures were carefully carried outto improve the accuracy of the results after Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 2 satellite imageries had been utilized.The methodology included supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm along with changedetection to evaluate and interpret the LULC alterations. The extent of change is demonstrated by quantitative datashowing that the built-up area increased from 308.6491261 sq. km in 2003 to 336.9702759 sq. km in 2023. On theother hand, there was a drop of 1099.13587 sq. km in barren land and a decrease of 10.47416794 sq. km in waterbodies. Despite a notable rise between 2003 and 2013, vegetation cover decreased by 328.4721624 sq. km by 2023.This study offers important insights for sustainable urban development and land management policy in addition tofurthering our understanding of the dynamics of land use and land cover in Lahore","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"25 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.164
Ghulam Murtaza Arain, Nazia Sattar, Sumaira Khatoon, J. Mustaquim
Groundwater in Pakistan is the main drinking water source, highlighting the significance of regularlymonitoring its quality. There have been several examples of high concentrations of elements like arsenic and nitrate ingroundwater that harm human health and the environment. Our aim with this study was to assess the groundwater qualityof the sub-district Bhulri Shah Karim for drinking and irrigation purposes. We collected groundwater samples from 53shallow bore well hand pumps in October and November 2018. We determined the concentration of four cations, fiveanions and other parameters like pH, turbidity, TDS, total hardness, EC, alkalinity, total iron, and arsenic. Thegroundwater was found to be very hard, and the relative abundance of cations and anions was Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ andCl‾ > HCO3‾ > SO42‾ > NO3‾ > F‾. The concentrations of arsenic and iron varied from 0 to 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 to 3.6mg/L, respectively. We discussed groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes by calculating the waterquality index, sodium adsorption ratio, percent of sodium, permeability index, and residual sodium carbonate. Inconclusion, the groundwater of the studied area is suitable for drinking on average and irrigation. However, some watersamples were high in arsenic content, and some were highly saline and may need some prior treatment
{"title":"Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Taluka Bulri Shah Karim, District Tando Muhammad Khan, Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Ghulam Murtaza Arain, Nazia Sattar, Sumaira Khatoon, J. Mustaquim","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.164","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater in Pakistan is the main drinking water source, highlighting the significance of regularlymonitoring its quality. There have been several examples of high concentrations of elements like arsenic and nitrate ingroundwater that harm human health and the environment. Our aim with this study was to assess the groundwater qualityof the sub-district Bhulri Shah Karim for drinking and irrigation purposes. We collected groundwater samples from 53shallow bore well hand pumps in October and November 2018. We determined the concentration of four cations, fiveanions and other parameters like pH, turbidity, TDS, total hardness, EC, alkalinity, total iron, and arsenic. Thegroundwater was found to be very hard, and the relative abundance of cations and anions was Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ andCl‾ > HCO3‾ > SO42‾ > NO3‾ > F‾. The concentrations of arsenic and iron varied from 0 to 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 to 3.6mg/L, respectively. We discussed groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes by calculating the waterquality index, sodium adsorption ratio, percent of sodium, permeability index, and residual sodium carbonate. Inconclusion, the groundwater of the studied area is suitable for drinking on average and irrigation. However, some watersamples were high in arsenic content, and some were highly saline and may need some prior treatment","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.165
T. M. Bhatti
This paper describes the chemical leaching of uranium from weathered black shale by using sulfuric acid(H2SO4) and acidic ferric sulfate (Fe2 (SO4)3 solutions as lixiviants. The black shale sample was radioactive in nature dueto the presence of uranium and its decay radio-isotope products like 226Ra, 214Pb and 214Bi. The γ-activity of natural 235Uwas 97.6 ± 1.34 Bq Kg-1. The shale sample showed 48±1% porosity with bulk density of 1.38 ± 0.015 g/ cm3. The mainminerals identified in the weathered shale sample were quartz, illite, microcline (K-feldspar), anorthite (Ca-feldspar),gypsum and hematite. A mixed layer illite-smectite phase at 10.8Å was also detected indicating the weathering of clayminerals present in the shale sample. The shale sample was polymetallic in nature and contained 0.005% U3O8, 0.24%V2O5, 0.038% NiO, 0.012% CuO, 0.037% CeO2 and 0.019% ZnO on dry matter basis. The shale sample was organiccarbon rich and contained 19.60% C, 1.25% N and 2.50% H, which indicated the presence of nitrogenous hydrocarboncompound(s). Uranium was present in the tetravalent oxidation state (U4+) in the shale matrix. A series of leachingexperiments were conducted in shake flasks and percolation column for uranium dissolution from black shale with andwithout acidic ferric sulfate solutions of pH 1.5 and pH 2.0 at 30±2 °C. Uranium leaching efficiency was mainly attributedto the concentrations of H2SO4 and Fe3+ ions in the leaching solutions. Uranium dissolution from the weathered blackshale mainly attributed to redox reaction of U4+ to U6+ with Fe3+ as an oxidant in acidic leaching environment.
{"title":"Acid Leaching of Uranium from Weathered Uraniferous Black Shale","authors":"T. M. Bhatti","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.165","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the chemical leaching of uranium from weathered black shale by using sulfuric acid(H2SO4) and acidic ferric sulfate (Fe2 (SO4)3 solutions as lixiviants. The black shale sample was radioactive in nature dueto the presence of uranium and its decay radio-isotope products like 226Ra, 214Pb and 214Bi. The γ-activity of natural 235Uwas 97.6 ± 1.34 Bq Kg-1. The shale sample showed 48±1% porosity with bulk density of 1.38 ± 0.015 g/ cm3. The mainminerals identified in the weathered shale sample were quartz, illite, microcline (K-feldspar), anorthite (Ca-feldspar),gypsum and hematite. A mixed layer illite-smectite phase at 10.8Å was also detected indicating the weathering of clayminerals present in the shale sample. The shale sample was polymetallic in nature and contained 0.005% U3O8, 0.24%V2O5, 0.038% NiO, 0.012% CuO, 0.037% CeO2 and 0.019% ZnO on dry matter basis. The shale sample was organiccarbon rich and contained 19.60% C, 1.25% N and 2.50% H, which indicated the presence of nitrogenous hydrocarboncompound(s). Uranium was present in the tetravalent oxidation state (U4+) in the shale matrix. A series of leachingexperiments were conducted in shake flasks and percolation column for uranium dissolution from black shale with andwithout acidic ferric sulfate solutions of pH 1.5 and pH 2.0 at 30±2 °C. Uranium leaching efficiency was mainly attributedto the concentrations of H2SO4 and Fe3+ ions in the leaching solutions. Uranium dissolution from the weathered blackshale mainly attributed to redox reaction of U4+ to U6+ with Fe3+ as an oxidant in acidic leaching environment.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.163
Bilal Ahmed Sarwar, Faisal Rehman, Mirza Naseer Ahmed, Rashida Sultana
This study demonstrates an application of resistivity surveys to understand local hydrological conditionsand basement configuration in Kirana Hills region of District Chiniot. Schlumberger configuration has been applied toacquire vertical electrical sounding (VES) data. The apparent resistivity curves were calibrated with theoretical curvesto compute true resistivity and depth of different layers. Maps of true resistivity at various depths were generated tostudy the lateral resistivity variation in the area. VES sounding data were compared with available lithological columnsto establish relationship of lithology and resistivity. Resistivity values are laterally variable due to lithology and qualityof water. Very low resistivity values were observed within alluvial sediments close to the Kirana Hills due to presenceof high Total Dissolved Solids in water. Resistivity value layers in unconsolidated sediments increases in the southernand western parts of the area where relatively better quality of groundwater occurs. In the northern and eastern parts ofthe study area very high resistivity (greater than 100 Ωm) is recorded at depth greater than 40m that indicates hard rockbasement. The resistivity survey in the area is useful to differentiate zones of low and high Total Dissolved Solidsgroundwater and also determine the zones where subsurface basement is shallow. Therefore, resistivity survey inKirana Hill regions is helpful in solving hydrological issues of the study area.
本研究展示了电阻率勘测在了解奇尼奥特区基拉纳山地区当地水文条件和基底构造方面的应用。采用斯伦贝谢配置获取了垂直电测（VES）数据。表观电阻率曲线与理论曲线进行了校准，以计算出不同地层的真实电阻率和深度。生成了不同深度的真实电阻率图，以研究该地区的横向电阻率变化。将 VES 探测数据与现有岩性柱进行比较，以确定岩性与电阻率之间的关系。电阻率值因岩性和水质而横向变化。在靠近基拉纳山的冲积沉积层中，由于水中总溶解固体含量较高，电阻率值非常低。在该地区的南部和西部，未固结沉积层中的电阻率值增加，因为那里的地下水水质相对较好。在研究区域的北部和东部，超过 40 米的深度记录到非常高的电阻率（大于 100 Ωm），这表明存在坚硬的岩石基底。该地区的电阻率勘测有助于区分地下水溶解固体总量较低和较高的区域，也有助于确定地下基底较浅的区域。因此，基拉纳山地区的电阻率勘测有助于解决研究区域的水文问题。
{"title":"Groundwater Characterization Studies Using Electric Resistivity Survey (ERS) in Kirana Hills, District Chiniot, Pakistan","authors":"Bilal Ahmed Sarwar, Faisal Rehman, Mirza Naseer Ahmed, Rashida Sultana","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i3.163","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates an application of resistivity surveys to understand local hydrological conditionsand basement configuration in Kirana Hills region of District Chiniot. Schlumberger configuration has been applied toacquire vertical electrical sounding (VES) data. The apparent resistivity curves were calibrated with theoretical curvesto compute true resistivity and depth of different layers. Maps of true resistivity at various depths were generated tostudy the lateral resistivity variation in the area. VES sounding data were compared with available lithological columnsto establish relationship of lithology and resistivity. Resistivity values are laterally variable due to lithology and qualityof water. Very low resistivity values were observed within alluvial sediments close to the Kirana Hills due to presenceof high Total Dissolved Solids in water. Resistivity value layers in unconsolidated sediments increases in the southernand western parts of the area where relatively better quality of groundwater occurs. In the northern and eastern parts ofthe study area very high resistivity (greater than 100 Ωm) is recorded at depth greater than 40m that indicates hard rockbasement. The resistivity survey in the area is useful to differentiate zones of low and high Total Dissolved Solidsgroundwater and also determine the zones where subsurface basement is shallow. Therefore, resistivity survey inKirana Hill regions is helpful in solving hydrological issues of the study area.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"111 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.135
Nazir Ul Islam, Liu Lei, Yasir Shaheen Khalil, Said Mukhtar Ahmad, Imran Ullah
The study area is the part of Lower Dir which is geographically situated in the NW of Khyber Pakhtunkhwaprovince, Pakistan. Geologically this area lies in the western part of the well-known Kohistan Island Arc. It representsthe best exposure to subduction-related island arc and has been regarded as the prominent metallogenic belt that hosts avariety of various minerals. The area has experienced various tectonic episodes in the past and altered the rockassemblages which developed the huge potential of copper and other precious base metals. To detect and monitor thesealteration zones, remote sensing techniques coupled with field observation were evaluated in the current study.Landsat-7, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2B images were processed under the shelter of Principal component (Crostatechnique) analysis to demarcate the separate alteration zones. It was confirmed from the results that the signature ofthe mapped alteration zone reflects the ground truth observation of copper mineralization in the target area.Furthermore, remote sensing signatures were correlated with the petrographic details which also confirmed thesealteration zones. Spectrometry of the selected samples also delineates the same signature which is best fitted with theremote sensing data. From our current analysis, we suggest that a principal component technique in terms of medium tohigh-resolution remote sensing data is more beneficial for mineral exploration
{"title":"Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Nazir Ul Islam, Liu Lei, Yasir Shaheen Khalil, Said Mukhtar Ahmad, Imran Ullah","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.135","url":null,"abstract":"The study area is the part of Lower Dir which is geographically situated in the NW of Khyber Pakhtunkhwaprovince, Pakistan. Geologically this area lies in the western part of the well-known Kohistan Island Arc. It representsthe best exposure to subduction-related island arc and has been regarded as the prominent metallogenic belt that hosts avariety of various minerals. The area has experienced various tectonic episodes in the past and altered the rockassemblages which developed the huge potential of copper and other precious base metals. To detect and monitor thesealteration zones, remote sensing techniques coupled with field observation were evaluated in the current study.Landsat-7, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2B images were processed under the shelter of Principal component (Crostatechnique) analysis to demarcate the separate alteration zones. It was confirmed from the results that the signature ofthe mapped alteration zone reflects the ground truth observation of copper mineralization in the target area.Furthermore, remote sensing signatures were correlated with the petrographic details which also confirmed thesealteration zones. Spectrometry of the selected samples also delineates the same signature which is best fitted with theremote sensing data. From our current analysis, we suggest that a principal component technique in terms of medium tohigh-resolution remote sensing data is more beneficial for mineral exploration","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.128
Ibrahim Çınar, Cem Şensöğüt
Methane and coal dust explosions are among the most important risk factors that cause fatal occupationalaccidents in underground coal mining. One of the most important reasons for these explosions is inadequate orunfavourable ventilation conditions. In cases where the generally used classical ventilation systems are insufficient,attempts are made to continue ventilation with classical methods instead of some methods that may be considered asalternatives, and these methods often lose their applicability due to high costs. In this study, methods that emphasize theirapplicability as alternatives in risky situations are proposed and the results of some study examples are evaluated.
{"title":"Methane and Coal Dust Problem in Underground Coal Mining and Alternative Ventilation Techniques","authors":"Ibrahim Çınar, Cem Şensöğüt","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.128","url":null,"abstract":"Methane and coal dust explosions are among the most important risk factors that cause fatal occupationalaccidents in underground coal mining. One of the most important reasons for these explosions is inadequate orunfavourable ventilation conditions. In cases where the generally used classical ventilation systems are insufficient,attempts are made to continue ventilation with classical methods instead of some methods that may be considered asalternatives, and these methods often lose their applicability due to high costs. In this study, methods that emphasize theirapplicability as alternatives in risky situations are proposed and the results of some study examples are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"44 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i1.120
Mohsin Ali, Irfan Raza, Sajid Rashid Ahmed, P. Khalid, S. Khurram
Punjab is the most populous area of Pakistan with around 100 million individuals and is confrontingsignificant issues of groundwater exhaustion and water quality deterioration. Groundwater quality in Rajanpur districtof Punjab is also deteriorating like other urban areas of Pakistan. Analysis of the chemical parameters of collectedwater revealed the notable contamination in Rajanpur. Samples were taken from different tube wells of Rajanpur overdifferent locations. A mapping of the total concentration of Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), and Fluoride (F-) was carried out ondrinking water through GIS. Multiple locations exhibited water quality issues, surpassing both NEQ’S and WHOstandards for Arsenic (41% of samples), Iron (68% of samples), and Fluoride (21% of samples) out of a total of 41locations surveyed. The maximum contents of As, Fe, and F- were observed to be 1.6, 1.6, and 1.85 respectively. Asuitable and powerful removal innovative technology for these metals is required to save a huge number of individualsin Rajanpur from these metals hazardous effects. In the present era, a collective awareness has emerged, recognizingthe profound significance of ensuring access to pristine drinking water, advanced sanitation infrastructure, and elevatedstandards of personal hygiene. Governments have to take further steps to improve quality standards for drinking waterand to promote GIS technology. Thus GIS mapping and estimation would help us to estimate the smaller observationsand to take precautionary measures to prevent and control the contamination in drinking water
{"title":"Spatial Variation of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Drinking Water of Rajanpur","authors":"Mohsin Ali, Irfan Raza, Sajid Rashid Ahmed, P. Khalid, S. Khurram","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i1.120","url":null,"abstract":"Punjab is the most populous area of Pakistan with around 100 million individuals and is confrontingsignificant issues of groundwater exhaustion and water quality deterioration. Groundwater quality in Rajanpur districtof Punjab is also deteriorating like other urban areas of Pakistan. Analysis of the chemical parameters of collectedwater revealed the notable contamination in Rajanpur. Samples were taken from different tube wells of Rajanpur overdifferent locations. A mapping of the total concentration of Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), and Fluoride (F-) was carried out ondrinking water through GIS. Multiple locations exhibited water quality issues, surpassing both NEQ’S and WHOstandards for Arsenic (41% of samples), Iron (68% of samples), and Fluoride (21% of samples) out of a total of 41locations surveyed. The maximum contents of As, Fe, and F- were observed to be 1.6, 1.6, and 1.85 respectively. Asuitable and powerful removal innovative technology for these metals is required to save a huge number of individualsin Rajanpur from these metals hazardous effects. In the present era, a collective awareness has emerged, recognizingthe profound significance of ensuring access to pristine drinking water, advanced sanitation infrastructure, and elevatedstandards of personal hygiene. Governments have to take further steps to improve quality standards for drinking waterand to promote GIS technology. Thus GIS mapping and estimation would help us to estimate the smaller observationsand to take precautionary measures to prevent and control the contamination in drinking water","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121344582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.46660/ijeeg.v14i1.122
Waseem Khan, Mahnoor Mirwani, Inayat Ullah, Aimal Khan Kasi, Muhammad Ishaq Kakar, Shazia Fareed
The goal of this research is to assess Neotectonic activity in the northern Pasni region of Balochistan-Pakistan. For atotal of 57 drainage sub-basins, four geomorphic parameters were calculated. These include the Factor of asymmetry(FA), Shape of the Basin (SB), Hypsometric Integral (HI), and Length Gradient of the stream (LGS). The Index ofNeotectonic (IN) was computed using a combination of the calculated geomorphic characteristics. The basins were thenclassified as having high, moderate, and low intensities as a result of this indexing. The tectonic strain by majorlineation found between Hoshab fault and NNE trending Nai Rud fault and NNE trending Ghulaman-i-Bent fault,respectively, has influenced the mechanism of current channels geometry, according to the quantitative analysis. TheIN intensities distribution revealed considerable disparities amongst drainage sub basins, indicating variances inNeotectonic activity due to their placement in relation to the study area's fault networks. A total of 8 knick pointsincluding the slope-break and vertical-step, were distinguished within the catchment area depending on the influencingfactors
{"title":"Appraisal of Neotectonic Activities in Shadi Kaur Catchment, Pasni, Balochistan-Pakistan","authors":"Waseem Khan, Mahnoor Mirwani, Inayat Ullah, Aimal Khan Kasi, Muhammad Ishaq Kakar, Shazia Fareed","doi":"10.46660/ijeeg.v14i1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i1.122","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research is to assess Neotectonic activity in the northern Pasni region of Balochistan-Pakistan. For atotal of 57 drainage sub-basins, four geomorphic parameters were calculated. These include the Factor of asymmetry(FA), Shape of the Basin (SB), Hypsometric Integral (HI), and Length Gradient of the stream (LGS). The Index ofNeotectonic (IN) was computed using a combination of the calculated geomorphic characteristics. The basins were thenclassified as having high, moderate, and low intensities as a result of this indexing. The tectonic strain by majorlineation found between Hoshab fault and NNE trending Nai Rud fault and NNE trending Ghulaman-i-Bent fault,respectively, has influenced the mechanism of current channels geometry, according to the quantitative analysis. TheIN intensities distribution revealed considerable disparities amongst drainage sub basins, indicating variances inNeotectonic activity due to their placement in relation to the study area's fault networks. A total of 8 knick pointsincluding the slope-break and vertical-step, were distinguished within the catchment area depending on the influencingfactors","PeriodicalId":200727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130286722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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