A dimensionless number elucidates the behavior of turgor pressure and growth rate as water uptake decreases and provides insight into plant growth during water deficits.
{"title":"The relationship between wall extensibility, hydraulic conductance, and turgor pressure during expansive growth","authors":"Joseph K E Ortega","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf135","url":null,"abstract":"A dimensionless number elucidates the behavior of turgor pressure and growth rate as water uptake decreases and provides insight into plant growth during water deficits.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunyan Wei, Huizhen Yang, Bingbing Ye, Wei Wei, Wei Shan, Jianye Chen, Kunsong Chen, Xian Li, Zhiping Deng, Bo Zhang
Plant secondary metabolites undergo changes in response to UV-B irradiation. Although UV-B irradiation reduces flavor-associated volatile compounds in detached peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) fruit, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. By integrating proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic data from peach fruit following UV-B irradiation, we discovered that the detached fruit responds to UV-B by suppressing the biosynthesis of the flavor-related monoterpene linalool. We identified PpMADS2, a transcription factor that regulates linalool biosynthesis by activating terpene synthase 1 (PpTPS1) expression. PpMADS2 overexpression in peach and tomato fruits significantly increased linalool levels compared to the controls. Proteomic data and immunoblots revealed a decrease in PpMADS2 abundance following exposure to UV-B. Moreover, our results demonstrated that PpMADS2 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase PpCOP1 both in vitro and in vivo. The UV-B induced 26S-proteasome-mediated degradation of PpMADS2 is largely PpCOP1-dependent. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that linalool biosynthesis in detached peach fruit exposed to UV-B radiation is governed by the PpCOP1–PpMADS2–PpTPS1 module. This study enhances our understanding of the interplay between light signaling and fruit flavor quality. Multi-omics approaches offer valuable resources for investigating the mechanisms underlying how light influences metabolism in fruit crops.
{"title":"Ubiquitination of the PpMADS2 transcription factor controls linalool production during UV-B irradiation in detached peach fruit","authors":"Chunyan Wei, Huizhen Yang, Bingbing Ye, Wei Wei, Wei Shan, Jianye Chen, Kunsong Chen, Xian Li, Zhiping Deng, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf159","url":null,"abstract":"Plant secondary metabolites undergo changes in response to UV-B irradiation. Although UV-B irradiation reduces flavor-associated volatile compounds in detached peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) fruit, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. By integrating proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic data from peach fruit following UV-B irradiation, we discovered that the detached fruit responds to UV-B by suppressing the biosynthesis of the flavor-related monoterpene linalool. We identified PpMADS2, a transcription factor that regulates linalool biosynthesis by activating terpene synthase 1 (PpTPS1) expression. PpMADS2 overexpression in peach and tomato fruits significantly increased linalool levels compared to the controls. Proteomic data and immunoblots revealed a decrease in PpMADS2 abundance following exposure to UV-B. Moreover, our results demonstrated that PpMADS2 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase PpCOP1 both in vitro and in vivo. The UV-B induced 26S-proteasome-mediated degradation of PpMADS2 is largely PpCOP1-dependent. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that linalool biosynthesis in detached peach fruit exposed to UV-B radiation is governed by the PpCOP1–PpMADS2–PpTPS1 module. This study enhances our understanding of the interplay between light signaling and fruit flavor quality. Multi-omics approaches offer valuable resources for investigating the mechanisms underlying how light influences metabolism in fruit crops.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Light promotes the expansion and controls the directionality of expansion in cotyledons, transforming small oval cotyledons into larger orbicular shapes. However, the cellular basis underlying this polar expansion remains unclear. We report that cotyledon polar expansion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is primarily associated with the polar expansion of pavement cells, rather than with polar cell proliferation. Phytochrome B (phyB) promotes this polar expansion by inhibiting PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), which normally suppress expansion and inversely regulate its directionality. PIFs exert their control over directionality partly through the activation of their target genes, LONGIFOLIAs (LNGs). At the cellular level, phyB decreases the number of transversely arranged cortical microtubules, while increasing the number of longitudinally arranged microtubules. This phyB-induced change in microtubule arrangement would strengthen transverse expansion while weakening longitudinal expansion. In contrast, PIFs regulate microtubule arrangements in the opposite manner. Downstream of the phyB-PIF pathway, LNGs preferentially increase transversely arranged cortical microtubules. Overall, our data support that the regulation of cortical microtubule orientation by the phyB-PIF-LNG pathway underlies how phyB weakens longitudinal expansion relative to transverse expansion while promoting pavement cell expansion to make orbicular cotyledons in the light.
{"title":"Phytochrome B regulates cortical microtubule arrangement to control cotyledon polar expansion by repressing LONGIFOLIAs.","authors":"Sangwon Cho,Giltsu Choi","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf162","url":null,"abstract":"Light promotes the expansion and controls the directionality of expansion in cotyledons, transforming small oval cotyledons into larger orbicular shapes. However, the cellular basis underlying this polar expansion remains unclear. We report that cotyledon polar expansion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is primarily associated with the polar expansion of pavement cells, rather than with polar cell proliferation. Phytochrome B (phyB) promotes this polar expansion by inhibiting PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), which normally suppress expansion and inversely regulate its directionality. PIFs exert their control over directionality partly through the activation of their target genes, LONGIFOLIAs (LNGs). At the cellular level, phyB decreases the number of transversely arranged cortical microtubules, while increasing the number of longitudinally arranged microtubules. This phyB-induced change in microtubule arrangement would strengthen transverse expansion while weakening longitudinal expansion. In contrast, PIFs regulate microtubule arrangements in the opposite manner. Downstream of the phyB-PIF pathway, LNGs preferentially increase transversely arranged cortical microtubules. Overall, our data support that the regulation of cortical microtubule orientation by the phyB-PIF-LNG pathway underlies how phyB weakens longitudinal expansion relative to transverse expansion while promoting pavement cell expansion to make orbicular cotyledons in the light.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan C Baca Cabrera,Jan Vanderborght,Yann Boursiac,Dominik Behrend,Thomas Gaiser,Thuy Huu Nguyen,Guillaume Lobet
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a vital role in global food security, and understanding its root traits is essential for improving water uptake under varying environmental conditions. This study investigated how over a century of breeding has influenced root morphological and hydraulic properties in six German winter wheat cultivars released between 1895 and 2002. Field and hydroponic experiments were used to measure root diameter, root number, branching density, and whole root system hydraulic conductance (Krs). The results showed a significant decline in root axes number and Krs with release year, while root diameter remained stable across cultivars. Additionally, dynamic functional-structural modeling using the whole-plant model CPlantBox was employed to simulate Krs development with root system growth, revealing that older cultivars consistently had higher hydraulic conductance than modern ones. The combined approach of field phenotyping and modeling provided a comprehensive view of the changes in root traits arising from breeding. These findings suggest that breeding may have unintentionally favored cultivars with smaller root systems and more conservative water uptake strategies under the high-input, high-density conditions of modern agriculture. The results of this study may inform future breeding efforts aimed at optimizing wheat root systems, helping to develop cultivars with water uptake strategies better tailored to locally changing environmental conditions.
{"title":"Decreased root hydraulic traits in German winter wheat cultivars over 100 years of breeding.","authors":"Juan C Baca Cabrera,Jan Vanderborght,Yann Boursiac,Dominik Behrend,Thomas Gaiser,Thuy Huu Nguyen,Guillaume Lobet","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf166","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a vital role in global food security, and understanding its root traits is essential for improving water uptake under varying environmental conditions. This study investigated how over a century of breeding has influenced root morphological and hydraulic properties in six German winter wheat cultivars released between 1895 and 2002. Field and hydroponic experiments were used to measure root diameter, root number, branching density, and whole root system hydraulic conductance (Krs). The results showed a significant decline in root axes number and Krs with release year, while root diameter remained stable across cultivars. Additionally, dynamic functional-structural modeling using the whole-plant model CPlantBox was employed to simulate Krs development with root system growth, revealing that older cultivars consistently had higher hydraulic conductance than modern ones. The combined approach of field phenotyping and modeling provided a comprehensive view of the changes in root traits arising from breeding. These findings suggest that breeding may have unintentionally favored cultivars with smaller root systems and more conservative water uptake strategies under the high-input, high-density conditions of modern agriculture. The results of this study may inform future breeding efforts aimed at optimizing wheat root systems, helping to develop cultivars with water uptake strategies better tailored to locally changing environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cássio Flávio Fonseca de Lima, Tingting Zhu, Lisa Van den Broeck, Brigitte Van De Cotte, Anna M Locke, Rosangela Sozzani, Ive De Smet
Elevated temperatures resulting from climate change adversely affect natural and crop ecosystems, necessitating the development of heat-tolerant crops. Here, we established a framework to precisely identify protein phosphorylation sites associated with varying temperature sensitivities in wheat (Triticum aestivum). We identified specific kinases primarily associated with particular temperatures, but our results also suggest a striking overlap between cold and heat signaling. Furthermore, we propose that the phosphorylation state of a specific set of proteins may represent a signature for heat stress tolerance. These findings can potentially aid in the identification of targets for breeding or genome editing to enhance the sub- and supra-optimal temperature tolerance of crops.
{"title":"Large-scale comparative wheat phosphoproteome profiling reveals temperature-associated molecular signatures in wheat","authors":"Cássio Flávio Fonseca de Lima, Tingting Zhu, Lisa Van den Broeck, Brigitte Van De Cotte, Anna M Locke, Rosangela Sozzani, Ive De Smet","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf107","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated temperatures resulting from climate change adversely affect natural and crop ecosystems, necessitating the development of heat-tolerant crops. Here, we established a framework to precisely identify protein phosphorylation sites associated with varying temperature sensitivities in wheat (Triticum aestivum). We identified specific kinases primarily associated with particular temperatures, but our results also suggest a striking overlap between cold and heat signaling. Furthermore, we propose that the phosphorylation state of a specific set of proteins may represent a signature for heat stress tolerance. These findings can potentially aid in the identification of targets for breeding or genome editing to enhance the sub- and supra-optimal temperature tolerance of crops.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel W McKay, Melanie Krebs, Stefanie Wege, Michelle Uebele-Pérez, Upendo Lupanga, Karin Schumacher
CHLORIDE CHANNEL f (CLCf) has a role in maintaining trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome function under all conditions and is unlikely to mediate plasma membrane chloride transport during salt stress.
{"title":"CLCf is an endosomal resident proton/chloride antiporter during salt stress","authors":"Daniel W McKay, Melanie Krebs, Stefanie Wege, Michelle Uebele-Pérez, Upendo Lupanga, Karin Schumacher","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf145","url":null,"abstract":"CHLORIDE CHANNEL f (CLCf) has a role in maintaining trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome function under all conditions and is unlikely to mediate plasma membrane chloride transport during salt stress.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yajiao Cheng, Benjamin J M Tremblay, Vicente Balanzà, Alvaro S Larran, Julia I Qüesta
The transition to reproductive development is a critical step in the plant lifecycle and relies on the integration of intrinsic and environmental signals. Several different pathways controlling flowering time function downstream of the perception of environmental cues such as day length (photoperiodic pathway) and seasonal temperature (vernalization and ambient temperature pathways). In addition, the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) induces the floral transition under non-inductive photoperiod. In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcriptional repressor VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1) triggers the stable repression of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vernalization. However, the involvement of VAL1 in other flowering pathways remains unclear. In this work, we combined genetic and transcriptomic approaches to investigate the requirement of VAL1 for flowering activation under different day lengths. We found that VAL1, but not its sister protein VAL2, is required to induce the floral transition both under long and short days. The delayed flowering time of val1 mutant plants was fully bypassed by exogenous GA application. We demonstrated that VAL1-mediated induction of flowering occurs partially via the direct epigenetic repression of the organ boundary genes BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2. Our work thus expands the repertoire of VAL target genes and further demonstrates the pleiotropic role of VAL factors in regulating Arabidopsis development.
{"title":"The transcriptional regulator VAL1 promotes Arabidopsis flowering by repressing the organ boundary genes BOP1 and BOP2","authors":"Yajiao Cheng, Benjamin J M Tremblay, Vicente Balanzà, Alvaro S Larran, Julia I Qüesta","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf160","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to reproductive development is a critical step in the plant lifecycle and relies on the integration of intrinsic and environmental signals. Several different pathways controlling flowering time function downstream of the perception of environmental cues such as day length (photoperiodic pathway) and seasonal temperature (vernalization and ambient temperature pathways). In addition, the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) induces the floral transition under non-inductive photoperiod. In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcriptional repressor VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1) triggers the stable repression of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vernalization. However, the involvement of VAL1 in other flowering pathways remains unclear. In this work, we combined genetic and transcriptomic approaches to investigate the requirement of VAL1 for flowering activation under different day lengths. We found that VAL1, but not its sister protein VAL2, is required to induce the floral transition both under long and short days. The delayed flowering time of val1 mutant plants was fully bypassed by exogenous GA application. We demonstrated that VAL1-mediated induction of flowering occurs partially via the direct epigenetic repression of the organ boundary genes BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2. Our work thus expands the repertoire of VAL target genes and further demonstrates the pleiotropic role of VAL factors in regulating Arabidopsis development.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongying Fan, Junpeng Li, Zhen Zhang, Lipeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Xu, Yue Song, Jingjing Liu, Minying Liu, Lujia Wang, Juan He, Yi Ren, Chao Ma
A microRNA-encoded peptide modulates heat tolerance in grapevine via a circular regulatory pathway involving heat shock factors and heat shock proteins.
{"title":"The microRNA-encoded peptide miPEP398b regulates heat tolerance in grapevine","authors":"Dongying Fan, Junpeng Li, Zhen Zhang, Lipeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Xu, Yue Song, Jingjing Liu, Minying Liu, Lujia Wang, Juan He, Yi Ren, Chao Ma","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf144","url":null,"abstract":"A microRNA-encoded peptide modulates heat tolerance in grapevine via a circular regulatory pathway involving heat shock factors and heat shock proteins.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kashif Mohd Shaikh, Charlotte E Walker, Dávid Tóth, Soujanya Kuntam, Tamás F Polgár, Nia Z Petrova, Herbie Garland, Luke C M Mackinder, Szilvia Z Tóth, Cornelia Spetea
Phosphate (Pi) is essential for photosynthesis in the chloroplast of algae and plants. Pi homeostasis in the chloroplast is maintained by transporters from several families, whose identities in algae are largely unknown as compared to land plants. Here, we assess the role of the putative PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 4-9 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrPHT4-9) in maintaining chloroplast Pi homeostasis and modulating photosynthesis. Based on phylogenetic analyses and heterologous expression in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain lacking Pi transporters, we demonstrate that CrPHT4-9 is a Pi transporter closely related to the chloroplast members of the PHT4 family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). CrPHT4-9 is localized within the chloroplast, more specifically in the thylakoid membrane network and the tubules traversing the CO2-fixing pyrenoid. Two mutants lacking CrPHT4-9 (Crpht4-9) exhibit defective photoautotrophic growth, altered cell morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure under CO2-limiting conditions. In the Crpht4-9 mutants, we further show an increased proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, enhanced energy- and state-transition dependent non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and diminished photosynthetic electron transport and ATP synthase activity. The Crpht4-9 mutants exhibit reduced affinity to inorganic carbon, indicating an impaired carbon-concentrating mechanism. These phenotypes are largely recovered by genetic complementation as well as by ample CO2 supply and, interestingly, by Pi deprivation. Therefore, we conclude that the thylakoid- and pyrenoid-localized CrPHT4-9 maintains Pi homeostasis within the chloroplast and is essential for photosynthesis and growth.
{"title":"The thylakoid- and pyrenoid-localized phosphate transporter PHT4-9 is essential for photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas","authors":"Kashif Mohd Shaikh, Charlotte E Walker, Dávid Tóth, Soujanya Kuntam, Tamás F Polgár, Nia Z Petrova, Herbie Garland, Luke C M Mackinder, Szilvia Z Tóth, Cornelia Spetea","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf158","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate (Pi) is essential for photosynthesis in the chloroplast of algae and plants. Pi homeostasis in the chloroplast is maintained by transporters from several families, whose identities in algae are largely unknown as compared to land plants. Here, we assess the role of the putative PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 4-9 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrPHT4-9) in maintaining chloroplast Pi homeostasis and modulating photosynthesis. Based on phylogenetic analyses and heterologous expression in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain lacking Pi transporters, we demonstrate that CrPHT4-9 is a Pi transporter closely related to the chloroplast members of the PHT4 family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). CrPHT4-9 is localized within the chloroplast, more specifically in the thylakoid membrane network and the tubules traversing the CO2-fixing pyrenoid. Two mutants lacking CrPHT4-9 (Crpht4-9) exhibit defective photoautotrophic growth, altered cell morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure under CO2-limiting conditions. In the Crpht4-9 mutants, we further show an increased proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, enhanced energy- and state-transition dependent non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and diminished photosynthetic electron transport and ATP synthase activity. The Crpht4-9 mutants exhibit reduced affinity to inorganic carbon, indicating an impaired carbon-concentrating mechanism. These phenotypes are largely recovered by genetic complementation as well as by ample CO2 supply and, interestingly, by Pi deprivation. Therefore, we conclude that the thylakoid- and pyrenoid-localized CrPHT4-9 maintains Pi homeostasis within the chloroplast and is essential for photosynthesis and growth.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Ndecky, Ludivine Malherbe, Claire Villette, Véronique Chalvon, Isabelle Meusnier, Dennisse Beltran-Valencia, Nicolas Baumberger, Michael Riemann, Thomas Kroj, Antony Champion, Thierry Heitz
Catabolic conversions within the jasmonate pathway have substantial consequences on phytohormone signaling output. In dicots, the jasmonic acid oxidase (JAO) catabolic route leads to jasmonic acid (JA) hydroxylation, which limits its conjugation into bioactive jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Here, we functionally characterized the JAO pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) and demonstrated its key function in promoting growth and attenuating JA responses in vegetative tissues. The rice genome encodes four JAO-related homologs, three of which generate hydroxy-JA in vitro and rescue the high-defense phenotype of the Arabidopsis jao2-2 mutant. By generating and analyzing a series of single to quadruple rice jao mutants, we showed additive effects of cumulative JAO depletion on JA metabolism, basal defense levels, growth inhibition, fitness and global metabolic reprogramming. The growth of JAO-deficient lines was substantially repressed at the juvenile stage, while the impact was milder in later vegetative development, during which plants opposed enhanced resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of fungal blast disease. Moreover, jao mutants exhibited slightly reduced fertility and impaired seed filling. Our findings identify the JAO pathway as an integral component of basal JA/JA-Ile homeostasis and an important determinant of the growth-defense tradeoff in rice. The regulatory function of this pathway is conserved in monocots, opening possibilities for selectively modulating basal JA responses in major cereal crops to optimize agronomic traits.
{"title":"Rice JASMONIC ACID OXIDASES control resting jasmonate metabolism to promote growth and repress basal immune responses","authors":"Simon Ndecky, Ludivine Malherbe, Claire Villette, Véronique Chalvon, Isabelle Meusnier, Dennisse Beltran-Valencia, Nicolas Baumberger, Michael Riemann, Thomas Kroj, Antony Champion, Thierry Heitz","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf161","url":null,"abstract":"Catabolic conversions within the jasmonate pathway have substantial consequences on phytohormone signaling output. In dicots, the jasmonic acid oxidase (JAO) catabolic route leads to jasmonic acid (JA) hydroxylation, which limits its conjugation into bioactive jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Here, we functionally characterized the JAO pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) and demonstrated its key function in promoting growth and attenuating JA responses in vegetative tissues. The rice genome encodes four JAO-related homologs, three of which generate hydroxy-JA in vitro and rescue the high-defense phenotype of the Arabidopsis jao2-2 mutant. By generating and analyzing a series of single to quadruple rice jao mutants, we showed additive effects of cumulative JAO depletion on JA metabolism, basal defense levels, growth inhibition, fitness and global metabolic reprogramming. The growth of JAO-deficient lines was substantially repressed at the juvenile stage, while the impact was milder in later vegetative development, during which plants opposed enhanced resistance to virulent and avirulent strains of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of fungal blast disease. Moreover, jao mutants exhibited slightly reduced fertility and impaired seed filling. Our findings identify the JAO pathway as an integral component of basal JA/JA-Ile homeostasis and an important determinant of the growth-defense tradeoff in rice. The regulatory function of this pathway is conserved in monocots, opening possibilities for selectively modulating basal JA responses in major cereal crops to optimize agronomic traits.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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