Qianmin Huang, Yali Yan, Xue Zhang, Xuejiao Cao, Richard Ludlow, Min Lu, Huaming An
Light plays an important role in determining the L-ascorbate (AsA) pool size in plants, primarily through the transcriptional regulation of AsA metabolism-related genes. However, the specific mechanism of transcriptional induction responsible for light-dependent AsA biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we used a promoter sequence containing light-responsive motifs from GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 2 (RrGGP2), a key gene involved in AsA overproduction in Rosa roxburghii fruits, to identify participating transcription factors. Among these factors, Cycling Dof Factor 3 (RrCDF3) was highly responsive to variations in light intensity, quality, and photoperiod, leading to alterations in RrGGP2 expression. Further yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that RrCDF3 acts as a transcriptional activator of RrGGP2 by binding specifically to its promoter. Modulating the expression of RrCDF3 in fruits through transient overexpression and silencing resulted in significant changes in RrGGP2 expression and AsA synthesis. Additionally, stable overexpression of RrCDF3 in R. roxburghii calli and Solanum lycopersicum plants resulted in a significant increase in AsA content. Notably, the well-known photo-signal transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (RrHY5) directly interacted with the RrCDF3 promoter, enhancing its transcription. These findings reveal a special mechanism involving the RrHY5-RrCDF3-RrGGP2 module that mediates light-induced AsA biosynthesis in R. roxburghii fruit.
光在植物l -抗坏血酸（AsA）库大小的决定中起着重要作用，主要通过AsA代谢相关基因的转录调控。然而，光依赖性AsA生物合成的转录诱导的具体机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用了一个包含来自roxburghii果实中参与AsA过量产生的关键基因gdp - l -半乳糖磷酸化酶2 （RrGGP2）光响应基序的启动子序列来确定参与转录因子。在这些因子中，循环Dof因子3 （RrCDF3）对光强、质量和光周期的变化有高度响应，导致RrGGP2的表达改变。进一步的酵母单杂交和双荧光素酶实验证实，RrCDF3通过特异性结合RrGGP2的启动子，作为RrGGP2的转录激活因子。通过瞬时过表达和沉默调节果实中RrCDF3的表达，导致RrGGP2的表达和AsA合成发生显著变化。此外，RrCDF3在刺梨愈伤组织和番茄茄中稳定过表达，导致AsA含量显著增加。值得注意的是，众所周知的光信号转录因子伸长下cotyl5 （RrHY5）直接与RrCDF3启动子相互作用，增强其转录。这些发现揭示了RrHY5-RrCDF3-RrGGP2模块介导光诱导红梨AsA生物合成的特殊机制。
{"title":"Cycling Dof Factor 3 mediates light-dependent ascorbate biosynthesis by activating GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in Rosa roxburghii fruit","authors":"Qianmin Huang, Yali Yan, Xue Zhang, Xuejiao Cao, Richard Ludlow, Min Lu, Huaming An","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Light plays an important role in determining the L-ascorbate (AsA) pool size in plants, primarily through the transcriptional regulation of AsA metabolism-related genes. However, the specific mechanism of transcriptional induction responsible for light-dependent AsA biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we used a promoter sequence containing light-responsive motifs from GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 2 (RrGGP2), a key gene involved in AsA overproduction in Rosa roxburghii fruits, to identify participating transcription factors. Among these factors, Cycling Dof Factor 3 (RrCDF3) was highly responsive to variations in light intensity, quality, and photoperiod, leading to alterations in RrGGP2 expression. Further yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that RrCDF3 acts as a transcriptional activator of RrGGP2 by binding specifically to its promoter. Modulating the expression of RrCDF3 in fruits through transient overexpression and silencing resulted in significant changes in RrGGP2 expression and AsA synthesis. Additionally, stable overexpression of RrCDF3 in R. roxburghii calli and Solanum lycopersicum plants resulted in a significant increase in AsA content. Notably, the well-known photo-signal transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (RrHY5) directly interacted with the RrCDF3 promoter, enhancing its transcription. These findings reveal a special mechanism involving the RrHY5-RrCDF3-RrGGP2 module that mediates light-induced AsA biosynthesis in R. roxburghii fruit.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carotenoids play indispensable roles in the ripening process of fleshy fruits. Capsanthin is a widely distributed and utilized natural red carotenoid. However, the regulatory genes involved in capsanthin biosynthesis remain insufficient. Here, we identified the MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (MADS-RIN) in pepper (Capsicum annuum), which regulates ripening in climacteric tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We found MADS-RIN can directly bind to the promoters of carotenoid biosynthetic genes phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CCS) and the promoter of DIVARICATA1 to activate their expression, thereby regulating carotenoid biosynthesis directly or indirectly. The physical interaction between MADS-RIN and DIVARICATA1 enhances the transactivation effect on PSY1 and CCS. The self-transactivation of MADS-RIN demonstrates its capability to expedite the above process under specific conditions. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays revealed consistency and divergence of potential targets of MADS-RIN in climacteric tomato and non-climacteric pepper fruits, suggesting potential conservation and variation of MADS-RIN in regulating ripening and carotenoid metabolism. The present study illustrates the regulatory mechanism of the MADS-RIN–DIVARICATA1 module in capsanthin biosynthesis in pepper, providing targets for breeding high-quality peppers. These findings enrich our understanding of the regulatory network of carotenoid biosynthesis and offer insights into the complex mechanisms of MADS-RIN in climacteric/non-climacteric fruit ripening and carotenoid biosynthesis.
{"title":"The MADS-RIPENING INHIBITOR–DIVARICATA1 module regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in nonclimacteric Capsicum fruits","authors":"Yinggang Wang, Xinhui Li, Huixia Qiu, Ruting Chen, Aisheng Xiong, Zhisheng Xu, Wu Miao, Rugang Chen, Peizhi Wang, Xilin Hou, Huiyang Yu, Bozhi Yang, Sha Yang, Huan Suo, Xuexiao Zou, Zhoubin Liu, Lijun Ou","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf013","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids play indispensable roles in the ripening process of fleshy fruits. Capsanthin is a widely distributed and utilized natural red carotenoid. However, the regulatory genes involved in capsanthin biosynthesis remain insufficient. Here, we identified the MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (MADS-RIN) in pepper (Capsicum annuum), which regulates ripening in climacteric tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We found MADS-RIN can directly bind to the promoters of carotenoid biosynthetic genes phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CCS) and the promoter of DIVARICATA1 to activate their expression, thereby regulating carotenoid biosynthesis directly or indirectly. The physical interaction between MADS-RIN and DIVARICATA1 enhances the transactivation effect on PSY1 and CCS. The self-transactivation of MADS-RIN demonstrates its capability to expedite the above process under specific conditions. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays revealed consistency and divergence of potential targets of MADS-RIN in climacteric tomato and non-climacteric pepper fruits, suggesting potential conservation and variation of MADS-RIN in regulating ripening and carotenoid metabolism. The present study illustrates the regulatory mechanism of the MADS-RIN–DIVARICATA1 module in capsanthin biosynthesis in pepper, providing targets for breeding high-quality peppers. These findings enrich our understanding of the regulatory network of carotenoid biosynthesis and offer insights into the complex mechanisms of MADS-RIN in climacteric/non-climacteric fruit ripening and carotenoid biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors are important in plant growth, development, and stress resistance, their specific roles in fruit ripening have been less explored. Here, we demonstrate that the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor 5 (SlZAT5) regulates fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Overexpression of SlZAT5 delayed ripening, while its knockout accelerated it, confirming its role as a negative regulator. SlZAT5 functions as a transcriptional repressor by directly inhibiting ripening-related genes, including SlACS4, SlPL8, and SlGRAS38, thereby delaying ripening. Furthermore, SlZAT5 interacts with the type 2C protein phosphatase SlPP2C2, which regulates the repressor activity of SlZAT5 by dephosphorylating SlZAT5 at Ser-65. This interaction is crucial in modulating ethylene production, thereby influencing the ripening process. These findings reveal a regulatory function of SlZAT5 in tomato fruit development, offering insights into the SlZAT5-SlPP2C2 module and potential targets for genetic modification to improve fruit quality and extend fruit shelf life.
{"title":"Protein phosphatase PP2C2 dephosphorylates transcription factor ZAT5 and modulates tomato fruit ripening","authors":"Yafei Li, Yanan Chang, Yiran Wang, Chaolin Gan, Chonghua Li, Xuejun Zhang, Yang-Dong Guo, Na Zhang","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf017","url":null,"abstract":"Although C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors are important in plant growth, development, and stress resistance, their specific roles in fruit ripening have been less explored. Here, we demonstrate that the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor 5 (SlZAT5) regulates fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Overexpression of SlZAT5 delayed ripening, while its knockout accelerated it, confirming its role as a negative regulator. SlZAT5 functions as a transcriptional repressor by directly inhibiting ripening-related genes, including SlACS4, SlPL8, and SlGRAS38, thereby delaying ripening. Furthermore, SlZAT5 interacts with the type 2C protein phosphatase SlPP2C2, which regulates the repressor activity of SlZAT5 by dephosphorylating SlZAT5 at Ser-65. This interaction is crucial in modulating ethylene production, thereby influencing the ripening process. These findings reveal a regulatory function of SlZAT5 in tomato fruit development, offering insights into the SlZAT5-SlPP2C2 module and potential targets for genetic modification to improve fruit quality and extend fruit shelf life.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Go with the flow: ABCC4 mediates Cytokinin efflux to control root development.","authors":"Héctor H Torres-Martínez","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arvid J M Heutinck, Selina Camenisch, Michaela Fischer-Stettler, Mayank Sharma, Barbara Pfister, Simona Eicke, Chun Liu, Samuel C Zeeman
Plant chloroplasts store starch during the day, which acts as a source of carbohydrates and energy at night. Starch granule initiation relies on the elongation of malto-oligosaccharide primers. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH 2 (PTST2) and STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4) are essential for the selective binding and elongation of malto-oligosaccharide primers, respectively, and very few granules are initiated in their absence. However, the precise origin and metabolism of the primers remain unknown. Potential origins of malto-oligosaccharide primers include de novo biosynthesis or their release from existing starch granules. For example, the endoamylase α-AMYLASE 3 (AMY3) can cleave a range of malto-oligosaccharides from the granule surface during starch degradation at night, some of which are branched. In the Arabidopsis double mutant deficient in the two debranching enzymes ISOAMYLASE 3 (ISA3) and LIMIT DEXTRINASE (LDA), branched malto-oligosaccharides accumulate in the chloroplast stroma. Here, we reveal that the isa3 lda double mutant shows a substantial increase in granule number per chloroplast, caused by these branched malto-oligosaccharides. The amy3 isa3 lda triple mutant, which lacks branched malto-oligosaccharides, has far fewer granules than isa3 lda, and its granule numbers are barely higher than in the wild type. Plants lacking both ISA3 and LDA and either PTST2 or SS4 show granule over-initiation, indicating that this process occurs independently of the recently described granule initiation pathway. Our findings provide insight into how and where starch granules are initiated. This knowledge can be used to alter granule number and morphological characteristics, traits known to affect starch properties.
{"title":"Branched oligosaccharides cause atypical starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis chloroplasts","authors":"Arvid J M Heutinck, Selina Camenisch, Michaela Fischer-Stettler, Mayank Sharma, Barbara Pfister, Simona Eicke, Chun Liu, Samuel C Zeeman","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf002","url":null,"abstract":"Plant chloroplasts store starch during the day, which acts as a source of carbohydrates and energy at night. Starch granule initiation relies on the elongation of malto-oligosaccharide primers. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH 2 (PTST2) and STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4) are essential for the selective binding and elongation of malto-oligosaccharide primers, respectively, and very few granules are initiated in their absence. However, the precise origin and metabolism of the primers remain unknown. Potential origins of malto-oligosaccharide primers include de novo biosynthesis or their release from existing starch granules. For example, the endoamylase α-AMYLASE 3 (AMY3) can cleave a range of malto-oligosaccharides from the granule surface during starch degradation at night, some of which are branched. In the Arabidopsis double mutant deficient in the two debranching enzymes ISOAMYLASE 3 (ISA3) and LIMIT DEXTRINASE (LDA), branched malto-oligosaccharides accumulate in the chloroplast stroma. Here, we reveal that the isa3 lda double mutant shows a substantial increase in granule number per chloroplast, caused by these branched malto-oligosaccharides. The amy3 isa3 lda triple mutant, which lacks branched malto-oligosaccharides, has far fewer granules than isa3 lda, and its granule numbers are barely higher than in the wild type. Plants lacking both ISA3 and LDA and either PTST2 or SS4 show granule over-initiation, indicating that this process occurs independently of the recently described granule initiation pathway. Our findings provide insight into how and where starch granules are initiated. This knowledge can be used to alter granule number and morphological characteristics, traits known to affect starch properties.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hot to Go: The impact of protein nitrosylation on plant fertility.","authors":"Anna Moseler","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paving the way to secondary dormancy: mind the DOG's tail.","authors":"Dechang Cao","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural variation in a molybdate transporter-encoding gene is associated with molybdenum accumulation, which reduces hypocotyl growth and improves salt tolerance in tomato.
钼酸盐转运蛋白编码基因的自然变异与钼积累有关，钼积累可降低番茄下胚轴生长，提高耐盐性。
{"title":"Natural Variation in a Molybdate Transporter Confers Salt Tolerance in Tomato","authors":"Zhen Wang, Yechun Hong, Zhaojun Guo, Dianjue Li, Zhen-Fei Chao, Guangtao Zhu, Jian-Kang Zhu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf004","url":null,"abstract":"Natural variation in a molybdate transporter-encoding gene is associated with molybdenum accumulation, which reduces hypocotyl growth and improves salt tolerance in tomato.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A benzoxazinoid twist to boron homeostasis story in maize.","authors":"Janlo M Robil, Henryk Straube, Thu M Tran","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global climate change leads to the increased occurrence of environmental stress (including drought and heat stress) during the vegetative and reproductive stages of cereal crop development. Thus, more attention should be given to developing new cereal cultivars with improved tolerance to environmental stress. However, during the development of new stress-tolerant cereal cultivars, the balance between improved stress responses (which occur at the expense of growth) and plant yield needs to be maintained. Thus, the urgent need for developing new cereal germplasm with improved stress tolerance could be fulfilled using semi-dwarf cereal mutants defective in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis or signaling. BRs are steroid phytohormones that regulate various developmental and physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle. Mutants defective in BR biosynthesis or responses show reduced plant height (dwarfism or semi-dwarfism). Importantly, numerous reports indicate that genetic modification or biotechnological manipulation of BR biosynthesis or signaling genes in cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which are of crucial importance for global agriculture, may facilitate the development of cereal germplasm with improved stress tolerance. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the genetic manipulation of BR homeostasis in the above-mentioned cereal crops aimed at improving plant responses to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, oxidative stress, thermal stress, and biotic stresses. We highlight target BR-related genes and the effects of genetic manipulation (gene editing, overexpression, silencing or miRNA-mediated regulation) on plant adaptability to various stresses and provide future perspectives.
{"title":"Take a Deep BReath: Manipulating brassinosteroid homeostasis helps cereals adapt to environmental stress","authors":"Karolina Zolkiewicz, Damian Gruszka","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf003","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change leads to the increased occurrence of environmental stress (including drought and heat stress) during the vegetative and reproductive stages of cereal crop development. Thus, more attention should be given to developing new cereal cultivars with improved tolerance to environmental stress. However, during the development of new stress-tolerant cereal cultivars, the balance between improved stress responses (which occur at the expense of growth) and plant yield needs to be maintained. Thus, the urgent need for developing new cereal germplasm with improved stress tolerance could be fulfilled using semi-dwarf cereal mutants defective in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis or signaling. BRs are steroid phytohormones that regulate various developmental and physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle. Mutants defective in BR biosynthesis or responses show reduced plant height (dwarfism or semi-dwarfism). Importantly, numerous reports indicate that genetic modification or biotechnological manipulation of BR biosynthesis or signaling genes in cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which are of crucial importance for global agriculture, may facilitate the development of cereal germplasm with improved stress tolerance. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the genetic manipulation of BR homeostasis in the above-mentioned cereal crops aimed at improving plant responses to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, oxidative stress, thermal stress, and biotic stresses. We highlight target BR-related genes and the effects of genetic manipulation (gene editing, overexpression, silencing or miRNA-mediated regulation) on plant adaptability to various stresses and provide future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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