Moni Qiande, Abigail Lin, Lianna Larson, Cătălin Voiniciuc
Most members of the synthetic biology community, particularly plant scientists, lack access to liquid handling robots to scale up experiments, enhance reproducibility, and accelerate the Design, Build, Test, Learn cycle. Biofoundries enable high-throughput data acquisition to train AI models and to develop bioproducts, but they are capital-intensive to set up and not widely distributed. Entry-level, 3D-printed robots offer more affordable alternatives, but suffer from a shortage of validated protocols that can be modified without prior coding experience. To enhance access to biological automation, we developed a collection of modular BOTany Methods using Opentrons OT-2 robots to streamline the most common methods for molecular biology research and education. Our comprehensive workflow offers automation for a variety of procedures, ranging from simple but repetitive tasks (such as primer dilution and PCR setup) to more complex operations, including Plant Modular Cloning (MoClo), bacterial transformation, and plasmid extraction. Our BOTany Methods enable users across different training levels (from undergraduate students to senior scientists) to run designer experiments using table-based inputs, without editing the custom Python scripts. This pipeline enables end-to-end molecular cloning with minimal user intervention, enhancing throughput and traceability for synthetic biology applications.
{"title":"BOTany Methods: Accessible Automation for Plant Synthetic Biology","authors":"Moni Qiande, Abigail Lin, Lianna Larson, Cătălin Voiniciuc","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag066","url":null,"abstract":"Most members of the synthetic biology community, particularly plant scientists, lack access to liquid handling robots to scale up experiments, enhance reproducibility, and accelerate the Design, Build, Test, Learn cycle. Biofoundries enable high-throughput data acquisition to train AI models and to develop bioproducts, but they are capital-intensive to set up and not widely distributed. Entry-level, 3D-printed robots offer more affordable alternatives, but suffer from a shortage of validated protocols that can be modified without prior coding experience. To enhance access to biological automation, we developed a collection of modular BOTany Methods using Opentrons OT-2 robots to streamline the most common methods for molecular biology research and education. Our comprehensive workflow offers automation for a variety of procedures, ranging from simple but repetitive tasks (such as primer dilution and PCR setup) to more complex operations, including Plant Modular Cloning (MoClo), bacterial transformation, and plasmid extraction. Our BOTany Methods enable users across different training levels (from undergraduate students to senior scientists) to run designer experiments using table-based inputs, without editing the custom Python scripts. This pipeline enables end-to-end molecular cloning with minimal user intervention, enhancing throughput and traceability for synthetic biology applications.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MEDIATOR 25 (MED25) is a key component of the universally conserved multi-subunit mediator complex. In plants, MED25 regulates diverse biological processes, including flowering, seed germination, cell proliferation, defense responses, and phytohormone signaling, largely through interactions with transcription factors. However, its role in specialized metabolism remains poorly understood. MED25 is a crucial component of the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, and JA is a major elicitor of specialized metabolites such as terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and flavonoids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using C. roseus and Arabidopsis as models, we investigated the regulatory role of MED25 in these two distinct metabolic pathways. RNAi-mediated silencing of CrMED25 in C. roseus hairy roots significantly altered the expression of TIA biosynthetic genes and reduced TIA accumulation. We demonstrated that CrMED25 interacts with CrMYC2 and C. roseus jasmonate ZIM domain 1 (CrJAZ1), key regulators of the TIA pathway. Additionally, CrMED25 silencing suppressed the expression of flavonoid pathway genes in C. roseus hairy roots and flowers. Parallel analysis in Arabidopsis showed that the med25 mutant exhibited strong repression of flavonoid pathway genes and regulators. Protein–protein interaction assays revealed that AtMED25 interacts with GLABRA3 (GL3), MYB12, and MYB111, well-established regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings establish MED25 as a conserved co-activator of specialized metabolism, integrating JA signaling with transcriptional programs governing alkaloid and flavonoid biosynthesis. This work uncovers a previously unrecognized regulatory role of MED25 and highlights molecular entry points for engineering pharmaceutically important plant metabolites.
{"title":"MEDIATOR25 integrates jasmonate signaling with specialized metabolism across alkaloid and flavonoid pathways","authors":"Joshua J Singleton, Craig Schluttenhofer, Barunava Patra, Sanjay K Singh, Xia Wu, Ruiqing Lyu, Sitakanta Pattanaik, Ling Yuan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag068","url":null,"abstract":"MEDIATOR 25 (MED25) is a key component of the universally conserved multi-subunit mediator complex. In plants, MED25 regulates diverse biological processes, including flowering, seed germination, cell proliferation, defense responses, and phytohormone signaling, largely through interactions with transcription factors. However, its role in specialized metabolism remains poorly understood. MED25 is a crucial component of the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, and JA is a major elicitor of specialized metabolites such as terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and flavonoids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using C. roseus and Arabidopsis as models, we investigated the regulatory role of MED25 in these two distinct metabolic pathways. RNAi-mediated silencing of CrMED25 in C. roseus hairy roots significantly altered the expression of TIA biosynthetic genes and reduced TIA accumulation. We demonstrated that CrMED25 interacts with CrMYC2 and C. roseus jasmonate ZIM domain 1 (CrJAZ1), key regulators of the TIA pathway. Additionally, CrMED25 silencing suppressed the expression of flavonoid pathway genes in C. roseus hairy roots and flowers. Parallel analysis in Arabidopsis showed that the med25 mutant exhibited strong repression of flavonoid pathway genes and regulators. Protein–protein interaction assays revealed that AtMED25 interacts with GLABRA3 (GL3), MYB12, and MYB111, well-established regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings establish MED25 as a conserved co-activator of specialized metabolism, integrating JA signaling with transcriptional programs governing alkaloid and flavonoid biosynthesis. This work uncovers a previously unrecognized regulatory role of MED25 and highlights molecular entry points for engineering pharmaceutically important plant metabolites.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin-Yang Chen, Qi Dong, Wen-Xiu Hu, Chen-Chen Dong, Chao Geng, Zhi-Yong Yan, Yan-Ping Tian, Jun Jiang, Yong Liu, Xiang-Dong Li
Cell-intrinsic restriction factors (CIRFs) negatively regulate plant virus infections and represent valuable resources for breeding virus-resistant crops. However, the potential for ribosomal proteins to function as CIRFs and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous work demonstrated that the Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplastic ribosomal protein of the large subunit 1 (NbRPL1) promotes the infection of tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) by antagonizing the NbBeclin1-mediated degradation of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NIb. Continuing this line of research, we explored the role of another non-chloroplastic ribosomal protein, large ribosomal protein 4 (RPL4), in TVBMV replication. We found that TVBMV NIb interacts with NbRPL4; however, the NIb proteins of two other related potyviruses, potato virus Y (PVY) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), did not interact with NbRPL4. Overexpression of NbRPL4 inhibited, whereas its downregulation promoted, TVBMV replication. NbRPL4 did not affect PVY or TuMV replication. The nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of NbRPL4 positively correlated with its antiviral effect on TVBMV replication. NbRPL4 interfered with NbXPO1-mediated nuclear export of the NIb protein, subsequently affecting the translocation of NIb into the viral replication compartment. Our work indicates that NbRPL4 functions as a restriction factor for TVBMV by inhibiting NbXPO1-mediated nuclear export of NIb in a virus-specific manner.
{"title":"Large ribosomal protein 4 inhibits tobacco vein banding mosaic virus replication by impairing nuclear export of viral NIb","authors":"Xin-Yang Chen, Qi Dong, Wen-Xiu Hu, Chen-Chen Dong, Chao Geng, Zhi-Yong Yan, Yan-Ping Tian, Jun Jiang, Yong Liu, Xiang-Dong Li","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag072","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-intrinsic restriction factors (CIRFs) negatively regulate plant virus infections and represent valuable resources for breeding virus-resistant crops. However, the potential for ribosomal proteins to function as CIRFs and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous work demonstrated that the Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplastic ribosomal protein of the large subunit 1 (NbRPL1) promotes the infection of tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) by antagonizing the NbBeclin1-mediated degradation of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NIb. Continuing this line of research, we explored the role of another non-chloroplastic ribosomal protein, large ribosomal protein 4 (RPL4), in TVBMV replication. We found that TVBMV NIb interacts with NbRPL4; however, the NIb proteins of two other related potyviruses, potato virus Y (PVY) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), did not interact with NbRPL4. Overexpression of NbRPL4 inhibited, whereas its downregulation promoted, TVBMV replication. NbRPL4 did not affect PVY or TuMV replication. The nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of NbRPL4 positively correlated with its antiviral effect on TVBMV replication. NbRPL4 interfered with NbXPO1-mediated nuclear export of the NIb protein, subsequently affecting the translocation of NIb into the viral replication compartment. Our work indicates that NbRPL4 functions as a restriction factor for TVBMV by inhibiting NbXPO1-mediated nuclear export of NIb in a virus-specific manner.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wing Tung Lo, Denise Winkler, Maximilian Münch, Martin Lehmann, Kira Steiner, Bettina Bölter, Cornelius Gamb, Cecilia Tullberg, Carl Grey, Tatjana Kleine, Eslam Abdel-Salam, Katharina W Ebel, H Ekkehard Neuhaus, Deren Büyüktaş, Sophie de Vries, Hans-Henning Kunz, Dario Leister, Serena Schwenkert
Cold acclimation is a crucial physiological process that enables plants to adapt to low temperatures. A key aspect of this acclimation is lipid remodeling, which preserves membrane fluidity and integrity under cold stress. Proteins of the chloroplast envelope membranes are increasingly recognized for their role in acclimation to changing environmental conditions. While lipid synthesis occurs at the inner envelope membrane, little is known about specific proteins involved in lipid remodeling during cold acclimation. In this study, we investigated the role of Chloroplast Lipid Remodeling Protein 23 (CLRP23) as a component of the inner chloroplast envelope membrane. Subcellular fractionation combined with protease protection assays provided evidence for its orientation toward the intermembrane space. To explore its function, we analyzed the physiological performance and lipid composition in CLRP23-deficient mutant plants. Under cold stress, we observed significant impairments in photosynthesis and increases in the galactolipid response, suggesting CLRP23 is involved in lipid remodeling. Lipid overlay assays, supported by in silico docking analyses, demonstrated that CLRP23 can directly interact with chloroplast lipids, including galactolipids. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed broader effects on cold-responsive pathways, supporting the view that CLRP23 contributes to the integration of membrane and metabolic responses during acclimation. These findings expand our understanding of protein-mediated processes during cold acclimation.
{"title":"CHLOROPLAST LIPID-REMODELING PROTEIN 23 functions during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Wing Tung Lo, Denise Winkler, Maximilian Münch, Martin Lehmann, Kira Steiner, Bettina Bölter, Cornelius Gamb, Cecilia Tullberg, Carl Grey, Tatjana Kleine, Eslam Abdel-Salam, Katharina W Ebel, H Ekkehard Neuhaus, Deren Büyüktaş, Sophie de Vries, Hans-Henning Kunz, Dario Leister, Serena Schwenkert","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag065","url":null,"abstract":"Cold acclimation is a crucial physiological process that enables plants to adapt to low temperatures. A key aspect of this acclimation is lipid remodeling, which preserves membrane fluidity and integrity under cold stress. Proteins of the chloroplast envelope membranes are increasingly recognized for their role in acclimation to changing environmental conditions. While lipid synthesis occurs at the inner envelope membrane, little is known about specific proteins involved in lipid remodeling during cold acclimation. In this study, we investigated the role of Chloroplast Lipid Remodeling Protein 23 (CLRP23) as a component of the inner chloroplast envelope membrane. Subcellular fractionation combined with protease protection assays provided evidence for its orientation toward the intermembrane space. To explore its function, we analyzed the physiological performance and lipid composition in CLRP23-deficient mutant plants. Under cold stress, we observed significant impairments in photosynthesis and increases in the galactolipid response, suggesting CLRP23 is involved in lipid remodeling. Lipid overlay assays, supported by in silico docking analyses, demonstrated that CLRP23 can directly interact with chloroplast lipids, including galactolipids. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed broader effects on cold-responsive pathways, supporting the view that CLRP23 contributes to the integration of membrane and metabolic responses during acclimation. These findings expand our understanding of protein-mediated processes during cold acclimation.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing frequency and intensity of droughts present significant challenges to global food security. In this study, we examined the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance and resilience in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) by phenotyping the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP; n = 397) for a broad suite of traits. These included leaf anatomical characteristics (stomatal density, stomatal size, pore area, stomatal pore area per leaf area, and anatomical maximum stomatal gas conductance), physiological traits [net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal gas conductance (gsw), and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE)], and functional traits (leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf mass area, and chlorophyll content). Substantial natural variation was detected within the SAP, and correlation analyses indicated that leaf anatomical and functional characteristics play key roles in regulating physiological traits including An, gsw, and iWUE. Genome-wide association studies identified a genomic hotspot on a chromosome 1 (77.5–78.6 Mb) region associated with three key SNPs (S01_77550396, S01_78561058, and S01_78619413). Haplotype analysis of these loci uncovered eight distinct allele combinations influencing stomatal density, An, gsw, and iWUE. Application of the Ball-Woodrow-Berry (BWB) gsw model to these haplotypes demonstrated that accessions from haplotypes 1–5 exhibited greater stomatal plasticity, displaying more dynamic responses under well-watered conditions. In contrast, accessions from haplotypes 6–8 showed more conservative stomatal behavior under water-limited conditions. These results provide insights into the coordinated genetic control of leaf traits underlying drought resilience in sorghum and offer a predictive framework for breeding cultivars with stable performance across diverse water regimes.
{"title":"Genome-wide association studies and modeling of stomatal gas conductance reveal genetic control of water-use efficiency in sorghum","authors":"Anuradha Singh, Linsey Newton, Addie M Thompson","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag064","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing frequency and intensity of droughts present significant challenges to global food security. In this study, we examined the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance and resilience in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) by phenotyping the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP; n = 397) for a broad suite of traits. These included leaf anatomical characteristics (stomatal density, stomatal size, pore area, stomatal pore area per leaf area, and anatomical maximum stomatal gas conductance), physiological traits [net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal gas conductance (gsw), and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE)], and functional traits (leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf mass area, and chlorophyll content). Substantial natural variation was detected within the SAP, and correlation analyses indicated that leaf anatomical and functional characteristics play key roles in regulating physiological traits including An, gsw, and iWUE. Genome-wide association studies identified a genomic hotspot on a chromosome 1 (77.5–78.6 Mb) region associated with three key SNPs (S01_77550396, S01_78561058, and S01_78619413). Haplotype analysis of these loci uncovered eight distinct allele combinations influencing stomatal density, An, gsw, and iWUE. Application of the Ball-Woodrow-Berry (BWB) gsw model to these haplotypes demonstrated that accessions from haplotypes 1–5 exhibited greater stomatal plasticity, displaying more dynamic responses under well-watered conditions. In contrast, accessions from haplotypes 6–8 showed more conservative stomatal behavior under water-limited conditions. These results provide insights into the coordinated genetic control of leaf traits underlying drought resilience in sorghum and offer a predictive framework for breeding cultivars with stable performance across diverse water regimes.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmonate (JA) accumulation and signaling play key roles in regulating plant growth and flower development. The optimal timing of flowering is critical for the quality and yield of Brassica juncea. B-box (BBX) factors play roles in plant floral transition and stress response processes. However, whether BBX6-2 responds to JA signaling to regulate flowering time in B. juncea remains unclear. Here, we characterized the biological function of BjuBBX6-2 in response to JA in regulating the flowering time of B. juncea. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity assays showed that BjuBBX6-2 localizes in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Spraying BjuBBX6-2-overexpressing or -silenced B. juncea plants with 50 μmol/L methyl JA significantly accelerated or delayed their flowering time, respectively. We demonstrated that BjuBBX6-2 interacts with the flowering factor Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit C4 (BjuNF-YC4), which interacts with Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit B2/3 (BjuNF-YB2/3). The BjuBBX6-2–BjuNF-YC4–BjuNF-YB2/3 multiple-protein complex bound to the promoter of the downstream flowering integrator gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (BjuSOC1) and promoted its expression. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 1 (BjuJAZ1), a key factor in the JA signaling pathway, interacted with BjuBBX6-2 to inhibit the activation of BjuSOC1 by BjuBBX6-2. In summary, BjuBBX6-2 cooperates with BjuNF-YC4 and BjuJAZ1 in response to JA signaling to participate in the flowering regulation of B. juncea. These findings highlight a previously uncharacterized mechanism of JA signaling–mediated flowering-time regulation via interactions between BjuBBX6-2 and the integrator gene BjuSOC1, providing prospects for breeding enhanced B. juncea cultivars.
{"title":"The BBX6-2–NF-YC4–JAZ1 complex mediates SOC1 activation to control jasmonate-responsive flowering time in Brassica juncea","authors":"Xianjun Feng, Jingfei Li, Jiaxing Ge, Zhuoran Tang, Dayong Wei, Zhimin Wang, Jiaqi Zou, Qinglin Tang","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag063","url":null,"abstract":"Jasmonate (JA) accumulation and signaling play key roles in regulating plant growth and flower development. The optimal timing of flowering is critical for the quality and yield of Brassica juncea. B-box (BBX) factors play roles in plant floral transition and stress response processes. However, whether BBX6-2 responds to JA signaling to regulate flowering time in B. juncea remains unclear. Here, we characterized the biological function of BjuBBX6-2 in response to JA in regulating the flowering time of B. juncea. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity assays showed that BjuBBX6-2 localizes in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Spraying BjuBBX6-2-overexpressing or -silenced B. juncea plants with 50 μmol/L methyl JA significantly accelerated or delayed their flowering time, respectively. We demonstrated that BjuBBX6-2 interacts with the flowering factor Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit C4 (BjuNF-YC4), which interacts with Nuclear Factor Y, Subunit B2/3 (BjuNF-YB2/3). The BjuBBX6-2–BjuNF-YC4–BjuNF-YB2/3 multiple-protein complex bound to the promoter of the downstream flowering integrator gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (BjuSOC1) and promoted its expression. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 1 (BjuJAZ1), a key factor in the JA signaling pathway, interacted with BjuBBX6-2 to inhibit the activation of BjuSOC1 by BjuBBX6-2. In summary, BjuBBX6-2 cooperates with BjuNF-YC4 and BjuJAZ1 in response to JA signaling to participate in the flowering regulation of B. juncea. These findings highlight a previously uncharacterized mechanism of JA signaling–mediated flowering-time regulation via interactions between BjuBBX6-2 and the integrator gene BjuSOC1, providing prospects for breeding enhanced B. juncea cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luhui Wang, Yan Zhang, Chenxu Zhao, Gaohui Qu, Jixin Zhao, Changyou Wang, Pingchuan Deng, Xinlun Liu, Chunhuan Chen, Wanquan Ji, Tingdong Li
The wheat gene Peroxidase 8 is vital for gametogenesis and sexual reproduction, and tapod8 mutants can induce paternal haploid formation in wheat by premature reactive oxygen species bursts.
{"title":"Mutation of TaPOD8 triggers haploid induction through a reactive oxygen species burst in wheat","authors":"Luhui Wang, Yan Zhang, Chenxu Zhao, Gaohui Qu, Jixin Zhao, Changyou Wang, Pingchuan Deng, Xinlun Liu, Chunhuan Chen, Wanquan Ji, Tingdong Li","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag053","url":null,"abstract":"The wheat gene Peroxidase 8 is vital for gametogenesis and sexual reproduction, and tapod8 mutants can induce paternal haploid formation in wheat by premature reactive oxygen species bursts.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana Silvestre, Sylvain Prigent, Pierre Pétriacq, L Kirsty Hassall, Malo Le Boulch, Anais Da Costa, Frédérique Tellier, Barbara Alberghini, Emilio Aldorino, Asis Hallab, Dominik K Großkinsky, Cédric Cassan, Andrea Monti, Javier Prieto, Paloma Leon, Yuri Herreras Yambanis, Yves Gibon, Björn Usadel, Jean-Denis Faure, Federica Zanetti, Claudia Jonak, Richard P Haslam
Connecting the characterisation of juvenile (pre-anthesis) plant stress responses in controlled environments to field agronomic performance is a challenge. The oilseed crop Camelina sativa (camelina), with its innate resilience and plasticity, presents an opportunity to understand both the underlying mechanisms of juvenile resilience and identify the implications for yield in diverse pedoclimates. A better understanding of camelina’s abiotic stress resilience is important in the context of climate change and the development of breeding programmes for climate-tolerant crops. In this study, 54 accessions representing the genetic diversity observed in the wider publicly available population were used to investigate the plasticity of camelina’s early-stage response to drought and heat stress, combined with an evaluation of field performance in multi-location field trials. A combinatorial phenotyping approach of early-stage drought and heat stress identified stress-responsive signatures within the diversity panel. The substantial variation in the morphophysiological line-specific responses to stress, indicated that juvenile and mature camelina plants have significant plasticity and access different stress response strategies. In response to stress, we observed significant molecular metabolic adjustment alongside significant lipid remodelling and physiological compensation. Camelina was resilient to drought stress, and certain metabolites were identified as indicators of abiotic stress response. Applying an integrated approach, early-stage phenotyping and multi-location field trials provided a complete assessment of the camelina stress response and facilitated a connection to crop productivity. This approach facilitates improved breeding programmes, addresses the restrictions of limited genetic diversity in camelina, and supports the development of local varieties optimised for climate resilience.
{"title":"Assessment of phenotypic trait plasticity in the oilseed Camelina sativa using integrated early-stage abiotic stress and field studies","authors":"Susana Silvestre, Sylvain Prigent, Pierre Pétriacq, L Kirsty Hassall, Malo Le Boulch, Anais Da Costa, Frédérique Tellier, Barbara Alberghini, Emilio Aldorino, Asis Hallab, Dominik K Großkinsky, Cédric Cassan, Andrea Monti, Javier Prieto, Paloma Leon, Yuri Herreras Yambanis, Yves Gibon, Björn Usadel, Jean-Denis Faure, Federica Zanetti, Claudia Jonak, Richard P Haslam","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag052","url":null,"abstract":"Connecting the characterisation of juvenile (pre-anthesis) plant stress responses in controlled environments to field agronomic performance is a challenge. The oilseed crop Camelina sativa (camelina), with its innate resilience and plasticity, presents an opportunity to understand both the underlying mechanisms of juvenile resilience and identify the implications for yield in diverse pedoclimates. A better understanding of camelina’s abiotic stress resilience is important in the context of climate change and the development of breeding programmes for climate-tolerant crops. In this study, 54 accessions representing the genetic diversity observed in the wider publicly available population were used to investigate the plasticity of camelina’s early-stage response to drought and heat stress, combined with an evaluation of field performance in multi-location field trials. A combinatorial phenotyping approach of early-stage drought and heat stress identified stress-responsive signatures within the diversity panel. The substantial variation in the morphophysiological line-specific responses to stress, indicated that juvenile and mature camelina plants have significant plasticity and access different stress response strategies. In response to stress, we observed significant molecular metabolic adjustment alongside significant lipid remodelling and physiological compensation. Camelina was resilient to drought stress, and certain metabolites were identified as indicators of abiotic stress response. Applying an integrated approach, early-stage phenotyping and multi-location field trials provided a complete assessment of the camelina stress response and facilitated a connection to crop productivity. This approach facilitates improved breeding programmes, addresses the restrictions of limited genetic diversity in camelina, and supports the development of local varieties optimised for climate resilience.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Roles of cyclic electron transport in powering the evolution of C4 photosynthesis.","authors":"Yuzhen Fan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coordination of photosynthesis and respiration is central to cellular energy balance, yet in algae, this relationship exhibits exceptional diversity. Shaped by successive endosymbioses, algal lineages represent natural experiments in merging two energy systems of distinct bacterial ancestry: the chloroplast and the mitochondrion. Their structural proximity, shared redox pathways, and dual-targeted proteins enable dynamic communication between photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Recent imaging and multi-omics studies reveal that this interaction is highly responsive to environmental variables such as light intensity, nutrient availability, and oxidative stress. In diatoms, mitochondria envelop the plastid to exchange ATP and reducing power, whereas in green algae and euglenoids, malate/oxaloacetate shuttles, alternative oxidases, and cyclic electron flow collectively stabilize chloroplast redox states. This functional coupling optimizes CO2 fixation and photoprotection under stress and underlies the metabolic flexibility of mixotrophic species such as Euglena gracilis. This review synthesizes the current understanding of mitochondria-chloroplast integration in algae from evolutionary, structural, and mechanistic perspectives, highlighting photosynthesis-respiration coordination as a unifying physiological principle. By elucidating how inter-organelle networks sustain carbon assimilation and redox homeostasis, these insights advance our understanding of algal productivity and resilience and inform strategies for improving energy efficiency in photosynthetic systems.
{"title":"Coordinating photosynthesis and respiration: evolution and functional integration of mitochondria and chloroplasts in algae.","authors":"Sitthisak Intarasit, Sahutchai Inwongwan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coordination of photosynthesis and respiration is central to cellular energy balance, yet in algae, this relationship exhibits exceptional diversity. Shaped by successive endosymbioses, algal lineages represent natural experiments in merging two energy systems of distinct bacterial ancestry: the chloroplast and the mitochondrion. Their structural proximity, shared redox pathways, and dual-targeted proteins enable dynamic communication between photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Recent imaging and multi-omics studies reveal that this interaction is highly responsive to environmental variables such as light intensity, nutrient availability, and oxidative stress. In diatoms, mitochondria envelop the plastid to exchange ATP and reducing power, whereas in green algae and euglenoids, malate/oxaloacetate shuttles, alternative oxidases, and cyclic electron flow collectively stabilize chloroplast redox states. This functional coupling optimizes CO2 fixation and photoprotection under stress and underlies the metabolic flexibility of mixotrophic species such as Euglena gracilis. This review synthesizes the current understanding of mitochondria-chloroplast integration in algae from evolutionary, structural, and mechanistic perspectives, highlighting photosynthesis-respiration coordination as a unifying physiological principle. By elucidating how inter-organelle networks sustain carbon assimilation and redox homeostasis, these insights advance our understanding of algal productivity and resilience and inform strategies for improving energy efficiency in photosynthetic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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