Benny Jian Rong Sng, Hui Jun Chin, Ian Kin Yuen Choi, Xin Yang, Kien Van Vu, In-Cheol Jang
Leaf senescence is a complex physiological process that involves the gradual wilting and death of leaf tissue. While multiple transcription factors contribute to this process, the NAC transcription factor ORESARA1 (ORE1) plays a major role in leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ORE1 is regulated by various upstream transcription factors, including PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR5 (PIF5), which directly activates ORE1 transcription. Here, we show that LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1), an atypical basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor primarily involved in light signaling, functions in the leaf senescence regulatory network. Under aging and dark-induced leaf senescence treatments, HFR1 overexpression delayed leaf senescence like the ore1 mutation, whereas hfr1 displayed early leaf senescence like ORE1 overexpression. This finding was supported by HFR1 reducing the expression of senescence and chlorophyll degradation genes, ORE1, and ORE1 target genes. HFR1 also rescued the early senescence phenotype of ORE1 overexpression, indicating that HFR1 suppresses ORE1. Notably, HFR1 directly interacted with ORE1 to suppress its DNA-binding ability, thereby inhibiting its function as a transcription factor. Furthermore, HFR1 and ORE1 regulated several genes related to leaf senescence in an antagonistic manner. HFR1 also inhibited PIF5 from directly activating the expression of ORE1 and other senescence-related genes. Our findings demonstrate that HFR1 delays leaf senescence by suppressing ORE1 through multiple pathways.
{"title":"HFR1 delays dark-induced leaf senescence by suppressing ORE1 transcription and attenuating its protein activity","authors":"Benny Jian Rong Sng, Hui Jun Chin, Ian Kin Yuen Choi, Xin Yang, Kien Van Vu, In-Cheol Jang","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag049","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf senescence is a complex physiological process that involves the gradual wilting and death of leaf tissue. While multiple transcription factors contribute to this process, the NAC transcription factor ORESARA1 (ORE1) plays a major role in leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ORE1 is regulated by various upstream transcription factors, including PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR5 (PIF5), which directly activates ORE1 transcription. Here, we show that LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1), an atypical basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor primarily involved in light signaling, functions in the leaf senescence regulatory network. Under aging and dark-induced leaf senescence treatments, HFR1 overexpression delayed leaf senescence like the ore1 mutation, whereas hfr1 displayed early leaf senescence like ORE1 overexpression. This finding was supported by HFR1 reducing the expression of senescence and chlorophyll degradation genes, ORE1, and ORE1 target genes. HFR1 also rescued the early senescence phenotype of ORE1 overexpression, indicating that HFR1 suppresses ORE1. Notably, HFR1 directly interacted with ORE1 to suppress its DNA-binding ability, thereby inhibiting its function as a transcription factor. Furthermore, HFR1 and ORE1 regulated several genes related to leaf senescence in an antagonistic manner. HFR1 also inhibited PIF5 from directly activating the expression of ORE1 and other senescence-related genes. Our findings demonstrate that HFR1 delays leaf senescence by suppressing ORE1 through multiple pathways.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acclimation Dynamics of Cyanobacteria to Low UV-B Radiation.","authors":"Nilesh D Gawande","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a root holoparasitic plant that mainly parasitizes and, therefore, threatens sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Compared with other pathogens, the molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance to parasitic plants remain largely elusive. Here, we used two strategies to identify and functionally characterize sunflower genes in response to invading broomrape. First, we established a transient overexpression system via seed-soak agroinfiltration (SSA), providing a convenient expression system for functional genomics in sunflower. Second, transcriptome sequencing of three sunflower cultivars following O. cumana infection identified 190 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which WRKY family genes were highly enriched and were therefore functionally characterized. HaWRKY6 slightly facilitated O. cumana infection, while both WRKY transcription factor 29 (HaWRKY29) and WRKY transcription factor 53 (HaWRKY53) dampened O. cumana parasitism, with the former having the more pronounced effects. During the early stages of parasitism, HaWRKY29 induced lignin deposition at infection sites, blocked vascular connections between the parasite and host, and caused tubercle necrosis. Further investigations revealed that HaWRKY29 transcriptionally activates laccase 17 (HaLAC17) expression, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis, thereby increasing lignin content and establishing a physical barrier that impedes O. cumana infection. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-1 (HaMPK3-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-2 (HaMPK3-2) physically interacted with HaWRKY29 and enhanced its transcriptional activation on HaLAC17. Our study reveals the signaling module MPK3-WRKY29 activates host resistance to parasitic plants through upregulation of HaLAC17 expression and subsequent lignin deposition.
{"title":"Sunflower HaWRKY29 dampens Orobanche cumana parasitism via transcriptional activation of HaLAC17 and lignin deposition.","authors":"Lele Li,Le Su,Ruixuan Zhao,Aodun Bao,Yue Dong,Wuyunsubuda Yunxiyabu,Runyao Bai,Rui Xu,Fang Yan,Hada Wuriyanghan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag038","url":null,"abstract":"Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a root holoparasitic plant that mainly parasitizes and, therefore, threatens sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Compared with other pathogens, the molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance to parasitic plants remain largely elusive. Here, we used two strategies to identify and functionally characterize sunflower genes in response to invading broomrape. First, we established a transient overexpression system via seed-soak agroinfiltration (SSA), providing a convenient expression system for functional genomics in sunflower. Second, transcriptome sequencing of three sunflower cultivars following O. cumana infection identified 190 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which WRKY family genes were highly enriched and were therefore functionally characterized. HaWRKY6 slightly facilitated O. cumana infection, while both WRKY transcription factor 29 (HaWRKY29) and WRKY transcription factor 53 (HaWRKY53) dampened O. cumana parasitism, with the former having the more pronounced effects. During the early stages of parasitism, HaWRKY29 induced lignin deposition at infection sites, blocked vascular connections between the parasite and host, and caused tubercle necrosis. Further investigations revealed that HaWRKY29 transcriptionally activates laccase 17 (HaLAC17) expression, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis, thereby increasing lignin content and establishing a physical barrier that impedes O. cumana infection. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-1 (HaMPK3-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-2 (HaMPK3-2) physically interacted with HaWRKY29 and enhanced its transcriptional activation on HaLAC17. Our study reveals the signaling module MPK3-WRKY29 activates host resistance to parasitic plants through upregulation of HaLAC17 expression and subsequent lignin deposition.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jialing Zhang, Li Chen, Weiwei Yao, Yupeng Cai, Wensheng Hou
Flowering time and drought resistance are two pivotal agronomic traits in soybean. Elucidating coregulatory modules that link soybean flowering and drought response is essential for constructing comprehensive molecular maps of trait coupling. In this study, we identified that MORN-MOTIF REPEAT PROTEIN REGULATING FLOWERING LIKE (GmMRFL) gene functions as a bifunctional regulator that concurrently promotes floral transition by upregulating the expression of Flowering Locus T (FT) genes and enhances drought resilience through stomatal adjustment, accompanied by abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) suppression. In addition, the transcription factor AP2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR 011 (GmERF011) specifically binds to and activates the Hap1 promoter variant of GmMRFL, thereby promoting the upregulation of GmMRFL expression. Phenotypic analyses of hairy roots validated the role of GmERF011 in enhancing drought tolerance in soybean. Integrated molecular analyses revealed that GmMRFL interacts with ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAIN PROTEIN 2 (GmANK2). These findings demonstrate that GmMRFL serves as a molecular hub that coordinately modulates photoperiod-dependent flowering regulation and drought adaptation, thereby establishing it as a prime target for multi-trait engineering in precision crop breeding.
开花时间和抗旱性是大豆的两个关键农艺性状。阐明大豆开花与干旱响应之间的共调控模块，是构建全面的性状偶联分子图谱的基础。本研究发现，MORN-MOTIF REPEAT PROTEIN REGULATING blossom LIKE （GmMRFL）基因作为双功能调控因子，通过上调开花位点T （FT）基因的表达促进开花转变，同时通过调节气孔增强抗旱性，并伴随脱落酸（ABA）信号和活性氧（ROS）抑制。此外，转录因子AP2/乙烯响应因子011 （GmERF011）特异性结合并激活GmMRFL的Hap1启动子变体，从而促进GmMRFL表达上调。毛状根表型分析证实了GmERF011对大豆抗旱性的增强作用。综合分子分析显示，GmMRFL与ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAIN PROTEIN 2 （GmANK2）相互作用。这些发现表明，GmMRFL作为协调调节光周期依赖的开花调节和干旱适应的分子枢纽，从而使其成为作物精准育种中多性状工程的主要靶点。
{"title":"The GmERF011- GmMRFL regulatory module integrates floral transition and drought stress adaptation in soybean","authors":"Jialing Zhang, Li Chen, Weiwei Yao, Yupeng Cai, Wensheng Hou","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag042","url":null,"abstract":"Flowering time and drought resistance are two pivotal agronomic traits in soybean. Elucidating coregulatory modules that link soybean flowering and drought response is essential for constructing comprehensive molecular maps of trait coupling. In this study, we identified that MORN-MOTIF REPEAT PROTEIN REGULATING FLOWERING LIKE (GmMRFL) gene functions as a bifunctional regulator that concurrently promotes floral transition by upregulating the expression of Flowering Locus T (FT) genes and enhances drought resilience through stomatal adjustment, accompanied by abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) suppression. In addition, the transcription factor AP2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR 011 (GmERF011) specifically binds to and activates the Hap1 promoter variant of GmMRFL, thereby promoting the upregulation of GmMRFL expression. Phenotypic analyses of hairy roots validated the role of GmERF011 in enhancing drought tolerance in soybean. Integrated molecular analyses revealed that GmMRFL interacts with ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAIN PROTEIN 2 (GmANK2). These findings demonstrate that GmMRFL serves as a molecular hub that coordinately modulates photoperiod-dependent flowering regulation and drought adaptation, thereby establishing it as a prime target for multi-trait engineering in precision crop breeding.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiruni N Weerasooriya, Isaiah C M Pabuayon, Xiaozhuo Wang, Himanshu S Mehra, Nidhi Kulkarni, Nicholas Ferrari, David J Longstreth, James V Moroney
The physiological role of chloroplast carbonic anhydrases (CAs) has long been debated, particularly in the context of photosynthesis. While early hypotheses proposed that CAs enhance CO₂ assimilation by rapidly accessing the HCO3- pool, direct evidence has been lacking. In this study, we examined Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking both chloroplast-localized βCA1 (AT3G01500) and βCA5 (AT4G33580) to assess their impact on plant growth and photosynthetic performance. Our results show that plants deficient in chloroplast CA activity are unable to grow under ambient CO₂ conditions (400 μL·L⁻¹) but can complete their life cycle under elevated CO₂ levels (≥12,000 μL·L⁻¹). However, CO₂ assimilation rates and ΦII measurements in CA-deficient plants were comparable to those in wild-type plants under 0.04% (400 μL·L⁻¹), 0.4% (4,000 μL·L⁻¹), and 4% CO₂ (40,000 μL·L⁻¹) concentrations, indicating that chloroplast CAs are not essential for photosynthetic CO₂ fixation. Instead, our findings suggest that chloroplast CA activity is critical for supporting other metabolic pathways, namely amino acid, nucleic acid, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Expression of the Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) bicarbonate transporter LCIA in chloroplast CA mutants partially rescued the growth phenotype under near-ambient CO₂ conditions. These LCIA-complemented lines showed no difference in photosynthesis, further supporting the role of CAs in non-photosynthetic reactions. This work provides direct evidence that while chloroplast CAs are dispensable for photosynthesis, they are essential for plant growth and development under ambient CO₂ due to their role in increasing the bicarbonate concentration for specific anaplerotic pathways.
{"title":"Plastid carbonic anhydrases are essential for growth of Arabidopsis on ambient air but not for photosynthesis","authors":"Hiruni N Weerasooriya, Isaiah C M Pabuayon, Xiaozhuo Wang, Himanshu S Mehra, Nidhi Kulkarni, Nicholas Ferrari, David J Longstreth, James V Moroney","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag048","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological role of chloroplast carbonic anhydrases (CAs) has long been debated, particularly in the context of photosynthesis. While early hypotheses proposed that CAs enhance CO₂ assimilation by rapidly accessing the HCO3- pool, direct evidence has been lacking. In this study, we examined Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking both chloroplast-localized βCA1 (AT3G01500) and βCA5 (AT4G33580) to assess their impact on plant growth and photosynthetic performance. Our results show that plants deficient in chloroplast CA activity are unable to grow under ambient CO₂ conditions (400 μL·L⁻¹) but can complete their life cycle under elevated CO₂ levels (≥12,000 μL·L⁻¹). However, CO₂ assimilation rates and ΦII measurements in CA-deficient plants were comparable to those in wild-type plants under 0.04% (400 μL·L⁻¹), 0.4% (4,000 μL·L⁻¹), and 4% CO₂ (40,000 μL·L⁻¹) concentrations, indicating that chloroplast CAs are not essential for photosynthetic CO₂ fixation. Instead, our findings suggest that chloroplast CA activity is critical for supporting other metabolic pathways, namely amino acid, nucleic acid, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Expression of the Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) bicarbonate transporter LCIA in chloroplast CA mutants partially rescued the growth phenotype under near-ambient CO₂ conditions. These LCIA-complemented lines showed no difference in photosynthesis, further supporting the role of CAs in non-photosynthetic reactions. This work provides direct evidence that while chloroplast CAs are dispensable for photosynthesis, they are essential for plant growth and development under ambient CO₂ due to their role in increasing the bicarbonate concentration for specific anaplerotic pathways.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
She Men,Fen Zhao,Xiangnan Zhang,Zeyuan Guan,Jiawen Xu,Yuan Xue,Haozhe Tan,Xiao Chang,Guannan Zhao,Chunmiao Li,Zhonghua Liu,Xianlong Zhang,Ping Yin,Lili Tu
Expansins are pivotal cell wall loosening proteins that facilitate turgor-driven extension of plant cell walls. Expansin-like A (EXLA) proteins represent a subfamily, but their interaction with polysaccharides remains poorly understood during primary cell wall growth, hindered by challenges in achieving active heterologous expression for in vitro analysis. Using an insect secretion-based expression system, we successfully expressed and purified EXLA proteins. Screening eight different polysaccharides showed that EXLAs exhibit a preference for binding to negatively charged polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), pivotal components of pectin in the primary cell wall matrix. The crystal structure of EXLA1 was resolved at 2.5 Å resolution, revealing three crucial positively charged surfaces for pectin electrostatic interaction, and mutating these basic amino acids to alanine significantly reduced the binding ability. Moreover, recombinant EXLA1 promoted the extension of heat-inactivated cucumber hypocotyl walls under acidic conditions, indicating its intrinsic wall-loosening activity in vitro. EXLA1 overexpression resulted in a remodeled cell wall structure, suggesting EXLAs affect cell wall growth. These findings unveil EXLAs function during cell wall development by binding pectin through electrostatic interactions.
扩张蛋白是关键的细胞壁松动蛋白，促进植物细胞壁膨胀驱动的延伸。Expansin-like A （EXLA）蛋白代表一个亚家族，但在原代细胞壁生长过程中，它们与多糖的相互作用仍然知之甚少，这受到体外分析中实现活性异源表达的挑战的阻碍。利用基于昆虫分泌物的表达系统，我们成功地表达和纯化了EXLA蛋白。对8种不同多糖的筛选表明，EXLAs倾向于与带负电荷的聚半乳糖醛酸（PGA）和鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸I （RG-I）结合，后者是初代细胞壁基质中果胶的关键成分。在2.5 Å分辨率下对EXLA1的晶体结构进行了解析，揭示了果胶静电相互作用的三个关键正电荷表面，将这些碱性氨基酸突变为丙氨酸显著降低了结合能力。此外，重组EXLA1在酸性条件下促进了热失活黄瓜下胚轴壁的延伸，表明其在体外具有内在的松壁活性。EXLA1过表达导致细胞壁结构重塑，提示EXLA1影响细胞壁生长。这些发现揭示了EXLAs通过静电相互作用结合果胶在细胞壁发育过程中的作用。
{"title":"Expansin-like A binds to pectin via electrostatic forces and remodels the plant cell wall.","authors":"She Men,Fen Zhao,Xiangnan Zhang,Zeyuan Guan,Jiawen Xu,Yuan Xue,Haozhe Tan,Xiao Chang,Guannan Zhao,Chunmiao Li,Zhonghua Liu,Xianlong Zhang,Ping Yin,Lili Tu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag029","url":null,"abstract":"Expansins are pivotal cell wall loosening proteins that facilitate turgor-driven extension of plant cell walls. Expansin-like A (EXLA) proteins represent a subfamily, but their interaction with polysaccharides remains poorly understood during primary cell wall growth, hindered by challenges in achieving active heterologous expression for in vitro analysis. Using an insect secretion-based expression system, we successfully expressed and purified EXLA proteins. Screening eight different polysaccharides showed that EXLAs exhibit a preference for binding to negatively charged polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), pivotal components of pectin in the primary cell wall matrix. The crystal structure of EXLA1 was resolved at 2.5 Å resolution, revealing three crucial positively charged surfaces for pectin electrostatic interaction, and mutating these basic amino acids to alanine significantly reduced the binding ability. Moreover, recombinant EXLA1 promoted the extension of heat-inactivated cucumber hypocotyl walls under acidic conditions, indicating its intrinsic wall-loosening activity in vitro. EXLA1 overexpression resulted in a remodeled cell wall structure, suggesting EXLAs affect cell wall growth. These findings unveil EXLAs function during cell wall development by binding pectin through electrostatic interactions.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amid global climate change, extreme high-temperature events have become increasingly frequent, posing significant threats to ecosystems and agricultural production. NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factors (NAC TFs) play a key role in responding to environmental stresses such as drought, salt stress, and temperature changes. This study demonstrates that SlNAC72, a member of the NAC transcription factor family, directly targets and regulates LIPOXYGENASE 10 (SlLOX10), ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE 1 (SlAOS1), and ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE (SlAOC) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), inhibiting jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and thereby negatively regulating heat tolerance. Overexpression of SlAOS1 notably increased JA accumulation under high-temperature stress and mitigated excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas slaos1 knockout resulted in the opposite phenotype, indicating the positive role of SlAOS1 in JA biosynthesis and high-temperature stress tolerance. Further investigations revealed that SlNAC72 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (SlMIEL1) and that SlMIEL1 promotes JA accumulation by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of SlNAC72, ultimately enhancing high-temperature tolerance in tomato. Additionally, as a key transcription factor in the JA signaling pathway, MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (SlMYC2) directly bound to SlNAC72 and suppressed its expression. This study uncovers the central role of the SlMYC2-SlNAC72-SlMIEL1 module in regulating JA biosynthesis and elucidates how this module contributes to the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato's response to high-temperature stress via regulating JA accumulation.
{"title":"The SlMYC2-SlNAC72-SlMIEL1 module contributes to high-temperature tolerance in tomato by regulating jasmonic acid biosynthesis.","authors":"Xiangguang Meng,Zhen Kang,Guo Chen,Yue Feng,Yong Zhang,Guobin Li,Songshen Hu,Changan Zhu,Tianlai Li,Xiaohui Hu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag028","url":null,"abstract":"Amid global climate change, extreme high-temperature events have become increasingly frequent, posing significant threats to ecosystems and agricultural production. NAM, ATAF, and CUC transcription factors (NAC TFs) play a key role in responding to environmental stresses such as drought, salt stress, and temperature changes. This study demonstrates that SlNAC72, a member of the NAC transcription factor family, directly targets and regulates LIPOXYGENASE 10 (SlLOX10), ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE 1 (SlAOS1), and ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE (SlAOC) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), inhibiting jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and thereby negatively regulating heat tolerance. Overexpression of SlAOS1 notably increased JA accumulation under high-temperature stress and mitigated excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas slaos1 knockout resulted in the opposite phenotype, indicating the positive role of SlAOS1 in JA biosynthesis and high-temperature stress tolerance. Further investigations revealed that SlNAC72 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (SlMIEL1) and that SlMIEL1 promotes JA accumulation by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of SlNAC72, ultimately enhancing high-temperature tolerance in tomato. Additionally, as a key transcription factor in the JA signaling pathway, MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (SlMYC2) directly bound to SlNAC72 and suppressed its expression. This study uncovers the central role of the SlMYC2-SlNAC72-SlMIEL1 module in regulating JA biosynthesis and elucidates how this module contributes to the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato's response to high-temperature stress via regulating JA accumulation.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Liu,Hao Yang,Siqi Liu,Qi Zhang,Jian Lin,Jiao Zhan,Li Yuan,Mingkun Yang,Feng Ge
Lysine acetylation (Kac) is a critical post-translational modification that regulates photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in cyanobacteria. However, the diversity and functional roles of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) beyond the well-characterized cGNAT2 remain poorly defined. This study identifies and functionally characterizes the previously unannotated protein A0096, designated here as cKAT, demonstrating its capacity to catalyze Kac both in vivo and in vitro in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (Synechococcus). Deletion of cKAT significantly impaired cellular growth and photosynthetic efficiency in Synechococcus. Utilizing label-free quantitative (LFQ) acetylome profiling, we identified 171 endogenous Kac sites across 137 proteins targeted by cKAT. These target proteins participate in diverse metabolic and photosynthetic pathways, indicating a broad regulatory role for cKAT in cellular physiology. Notably, ChpX, a key component of CO₂-concentrating mechanisms, was prominently acetylated by cKAT both in vivo and in vitro. We further established that cKAT specifically mediates acetylation at residue K88 of ChpX, a modification that directly modulates CO₂ uptake efficiency. This regulatory mechanism consequently influences photosynthetic performance and cellular growth in Synechococcus. Collectively, these findings establish cKAT as a central regulator of cyanobacterial carbon fixation. This work expands the known repertoire of photosynthetic acetyltransferases and provides mechanistic insights into the Kac-dependent regulation of photosynthetic processes.
{"title":"cKAT acetylation of the CO₂ hydration protein ChpX regulates the CO₂ concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria.","authors":"Xin Liu,Hao Yang,Siqi Liu,Qi Zhang,Jian Lin,Jiao Zhan,Li Yuan,Mingkun Yang,Feng Ge","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag033","url":null,"abstract":"Lysine acetylation (Kac) is a critical post-translational modification that regulates photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in cyanobacteria. However, the diversity and functional roles of lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) beyond the well-characterized cGNAT2 remain poorly defined. This study identifies and functionally characterizes the previously unannotated protein A0096, designated here as cKAT, demonstrating its capacity to catalyze Kac both in vivo and in vitro in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (Synechococcus). Deletion of cKAT significantly impaired cellular growth and photosynthetic efficiency in Synechococcus. Utilizing label-free quantitative (LFQ) acetylome profiling, we identified 171 endogenous Kac sites across 137 proteins targeted by cKAT. These target proteins participate in diverse metabolic and photosynthetic pathways, indicating a broad regulatory role for cKAT in cellular physiology. Notably, ChpX, a key component of CO₂-concentrating mechanisms, was prominently acetylated by cKAT both in vivo and in vitro. We further established that cKAT specifically mediates acetylation at residue K88 of ChpX, a modification that directly modulates CO₂ uptake efficiency. This regulatory mechanism consequently influences photosynthetic performance and cellular growth in Synechococcus. Collectively, these findings establish cKAT as a central regulator of cyanobacterial carbon fixation. This work expands the known repertoire of photosynthetic acetyltransferases and provides mechanistic insights into the Kac-dependent regulation of photosynthetic processes.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) determines plant architecture, but the key components of its regulatory network remain elusive in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Here, we integrated transcriptomic profiling of three multilocular silique mutants (Bnaclv1, Bnaclv2, Bnaclv3) across key SAM development stages (IM, stage6 and stage8) with large-scale CRISPR/Cas9 functional screening to identify regulators of SAM maintenance. Differential gene expression and GO enrichment highlighted genes significantly associated with meristem development processes. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) of stage-specific transcriptomes identified 42 candidate genes potentially related to SAM development. To enable systematic functional screening, we established a high-throughput multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 pipeline, simultaneously targeting 198 sites across 42 candidate genes through optimized sgRNA design and pooled transformation. We successfully obtained mutants for 25 genes with homozygous mutants for 9 genes. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that mutants of BnaSCPL family genes (SCPL29, SCPL44, SCPL45) exhibited a multi-stem phenotype and disrupted SAM organization. Mechanistic studies revealed that BnaSCPL mutations disrupt the canonical CLV3/WUS feedback loop, uncovering their roles in SAM homeostasis. Additionally, knockout of BnaLFY homologs caused permanent vegetative state and sterility, demonstrating their conserved role in floral meristem identity in Brassica napus. Collectively, our study not only elucidates the critical function of BnaSCPLs in SAM maintenance but also establishes a regulatory framework for understanding meristem phase transitions in B. napus, providing potential targets for crop architecture improvement.
{"title":"Integrating transcriptomics and high-throughput gene editing uncovers shoot apical meristem regulators in Brassica napus.","authors":"Kaidi Yu,Huailin Li,Yuzhe Hu,Yalun Yu,Songyue Deng,Yang Yang,Mixia Guo,Mengting Li,Meiling Zhe,Hanzi He,Chuchuan Fan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag032","url":null,"abstract":"The shoot apical meristem (SAM) determines plant architecture, but the key components of its regulatory network remain elusive in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Here, we integrated transcriptomic profiling of three multilocular silique mutants (Bnaclv1, Bnaclv2, Bnaclv3) across key SAM development stages (IM, stage6 and stage8) with large-scale CRISPR/Cas9 functional screening to identify regulators of SAM maintenance. Differential gene expression and GO enrichment highlighted genes significantly associated with meristem development processes. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) of stage-specific transcriptomes identified 42 candidate genes potentially related to SAM development. To enable systematic functional screening, we established a high-throughput multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 pipeline, simultaneously targeting 198 sites across 42 candidate genes through optimized sgRNA design and pooled transformation. We successfully obtained mutants for 25 genes with homozygous mutants for 9 genes. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that mutants of BnaSCPL family genes (SCPL29, SCPL44, SCPL45) exhibited a multi-stem phenotype and disrupted SAM organization. Mechanistic studies revealed that BnaSCPL mutations disrupt the canonical CLV3/WUS feedback loop, uncovering their roles in SAM homeostasis. Additionally, knockout of BnaLFY homologs caused permanent vegetative state and sterility, demonstrating their conserved role in floral meristem identity in Brassica napus. Collectively, our study not only elucidates the critical function of BnaSCPLs in SAM maintenance but also establishes a regulatory framework for understanding meristem phase transitions in B. napus, providing potential targets for crop architecture improvement.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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