Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1108/prt-02-2022-0014
G. Abdel-Maksoud, A. Abdallah, R. Youssef, Doha Elsayed, Nesreen Labib, Wael S Mohamed, Medhat A Ibrahim
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using some polymers at different concentrations in the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. Design/methodology/approach New vegetable-tanned leather samples were prepared. The consolidants used were polyacrylamide (PAM) and polymethyl methacrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (MMA-HEMA). Accelerated heat aging was applied to the untreated and treated samples. Analytical techniques used were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), change of color and mechanical properties. Findings The characteristic FTIR bands showed the effect of accelerated heat aging on the molecular structure of the studied samples, but treated and aged treated samples used were better than aged untreated samples. Microscopic investigations (digital and SEM), and mechanical properties proved that 2% was the best concentration for polymers used. The change in the total color difference of the treated and aged treated samples was limited. Originality/value This study presents the important results obtained from PAM and poly(MMA-HEMA) used for the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. The best results of the studied polymers can be applied directly to protect historical vegetable-tanned leathers.
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficiency of polyacrylamide and poly(MMA-HEMA) for the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts","authors":"G. Abdel-Maksoud, A. Abdallah, R. Youssef, Doha Elsayed, Nesreen Labib, Wael S Mohamed, Medhat A Ibrahim","doi":"10.1108/prt-02-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using some polymers at different concentrations in the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000New vegetable-tanned leather samples were prepared. The consolidants used were polyacrylamide (PAM) and polymethyl methacrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (MMA-HEMA). Accelerated heat aging was applied to the untreated and treated samples. Analytical techniques used were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), change of color and mechanical properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The characteristic FTIR bands showed the effect of accelerated heat aging on the molecular structure of the studied samples, but treated and aged treated samples used were better than aged untreated samples. Microscopic investigations (digital and SEM), and mechanical properties proved that 2% was the best concentration for polymers used. The change in the total color difference of the treated and aged treated samples was limited.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study presents the important results obtained from PAM and poly(MMA-HEMA) used for the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. The best results of the studied polymers can be applied directly to protect historical vegetable-tanned leathers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74109584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.1108/prt-04-2022-0058
A.M. Syafiq, Nasrudin Abd. Rahim, Vengadaesvaran Balakrishnan, A. K. Pandey
Purpose This paper introduced the simple synthesis process of self-cleaning coating with fog-resistance property using hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer and nano-calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). Design/methodology/approach The synthesis method of PDMS/nano-CaCO3-TiO2 is based on sol-gel process. The crosslinking between PDMS and nanoparticles is driven by the covalent bond at temperature of 50°C. The 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane is used as binder for nanoparticles attachment in polymer matrix. Two fabrication methods are used, which are dip- and spray-coating methods. Findings The prepared coated glass fulfilled the requirement of standard self-cleaning and fog-resistance performance. For the self-cleaning test BS EN 1096-5:2016, the coated glasses exhibited the dust haze value around 20%–25% at tilt angle of 10°. For the antifog test, the coated glasses showed the fog haze value were below 2% and the gloss value were above 85%. The obtained results completely achieved the standard antifog value ASTM F659-06 protocol. Research limitations/implications Findings will provide an infrastructure support for the building glass to enhance building’s energy efficiency, cleaning performance and friendly environment. Practical implications This study proposed the simple synthesis method using hydrophobic polymer and nano-CaCO3 and nano-TiO2, which can achieve optimum self-cleaning property at low tilt angle and fog-resistance performance for building glass. Social implications The research findings have high potential for building company, cleaning building company and government sector. The proposed project capable to reduces the energy consumption about 20% per annum due to labor cost, time-consuming and safety during manual cleaning. Originality/value The novel method to develop self-cleaning coating with fog-resistance using simple synthesis process and fabrication method for building glass application.
目的介绍了以疏水聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)聚合物和纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)、二氧化钛(TiO2)为原料，合成具有防雾性能的自清洁涂层的简单工艺。PDMS/纳米caco3 - tio2的合成方法是基于溶胶-凝胶法。在50℃的温度下，PDMS与纳米颗粒之间的交联是由共价键驱动的。以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为粘结剂，使纳米颗粒附着在聚合物基体上。采用浸渍法和喷涂法两种制备方法。结果制备的镀膜玻璃满足标准的自洁性和耐雾性要求。自清洁测试BS EN 1096-5:2016，涂层玻璃在倾斜角度为10°时显示粉尘雾霾值在20%-25%左右。在防雾测试中，镀膜玻璃的雾霾值在2%以下，光泽度在85%以上。所得结果完全达到ASTM F659-06协议的标准防雾值。研究的局限性/意义研究结果将为建筑玻璃提高建筑的能源效率、清洁性能和环境友好性提供基础设施支持。实际意义本研究提出了采用疏水聚合物和纳米caco3、纳米tio2的简单合成方法，可使建筑玻璃获得最佳的低倾角自清洁性能和抗雾性能。社会意义研究结果对建筑公司、清洁建筑公司和政府部门具有很大的应用潜力。由于人工成本、时间和人工清洁过程的安全性，该项目每年可减少约20%的能源消耗。采用简单的合成工艺和制造方法，研制出用于建筑玻璃的耐雾自洁涂层。
{"title":"Development of self-cleaning polydimethylsiloxane/nano-calcium carbonate-titanium dioxide coating with fog-resistance response for building glass","authors":"A.M. Syafiq, Nasrudin Abd. Rahim, Vengadaesvaran Balakrishnan, A. K. Pandey","doi":"10.1108/prt-04-2022-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2022-0058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper introduced the simple synthesis process of self-cleaning coating with fog-resistance property using hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer and nano-calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The synthesis method of PDMS/nano-CaCO3-TiO2 is based on sol-gel process. The crosslinking between PDMS and nanoparticles is driven by the covalent bond at temperature of 50°C. The 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane is used as binder for nanoparticles attachment in polymer matrix. Two fabrication methods are used, which are dip- and spray-coating methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The prepared coated glass fulfilled the requirement of standard self-cleaning and fog-resistance performance. For the self-cleaning test BS EN 1096-5:2016, the coated glasses exhibited the dust haze value around 20%–25% at tilt angle of 10°. For the antifog test, the coated glasses showed the fog haze value were below 2% and the gloss value were above 85%. The obtained results completely achieved the standard antifog value ASTM F659-06 protocol.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Findings will provide an infrastructure support for the building glass to enhance building’s energy efficiency, cleaning performance and friendly environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This study proposed the simple synthesis method using hydrophobic polymer and nano-CaCO3 and nano-TiO2, which can achieve optimum self-cleaning property at low tilt angle and fog-resistance performance for building glass.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The research findings have high potential for building company, cleaning building company and government sector. The proposed project capable to reduces the energy consumption about 20% per annum due to labor cost, time-consuming and safety during manual cleaning.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The novel method to develop self-cleaning coating with fog-resistance using simple synthesis process and fabrication method for building glass application.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91399122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1108/prt-06-2022-0082
Natiq Yaseen Taha Al-Menahlawi, Mohammadreza Khoshravan azar, T. Chakherlou, Hussein Al-Bugharbee
Purpose The purpose of this study is a numerical simulation and an analytical analysis about the low-velocity impact on a functionally graded porous plate with porosity distribution in the thickness direction. In this article, polymethyl methacrylate is used for matrix, and single-walled carbon nanotube (CNTs) (10,10) with consideration agglomeration sizes and lumping of CNT inside the agglomerations is applied for reinforcement. Design/methodology/approach In analytical formulation, the non-linear Hertz contact law is applied for interaction between projectile and plate surface. High-order shear deformation plate theory is developed, and energy of the system for impactor and plate is written. The governing equations are derived using Ritz method and Lagrange equations and are solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Also, ABAQUS finite element model of functionally graded porous plate with all edges simply supported and reinforced by CNT under low-velocity impact is simulated and is compared with those is achieved in the present analytical approach. Findings In parametric studies, the influence of porosity distribution patterns include uniform, non-uniform symmetric and non-uniform asymmetric on the histories of contact force and impactor displacement of simply supported plate reinforced by CNT are presented. Eventually, the effects of porosity coefficient, impactor initial velocity, impactor radius and CNTs lumping inside agglomerations for non-uniform symmetric distribution patterns are discussed in impact event in detail. Originality/value In this paper, the effect of combination of polymethyl methacrylate and CNTs with consideration agglomeration sizes and lumping of CNTs inside the agglomerations in the form of a functionally graded porous plate is studied in the problem of low-velocity impact analysis.
{"title":"Functionally graded porous plate reinforced by carbon nanotubes subjected to low-velocity impact: an analytical and numerical analysis","authors":"Natiq Yaseen Taha Al-Menahlawi, Mohammadreza Khoshravan azar, T. Chakherlou, Hussein Al-Bugharbee","doi":"10.1108/prt-06-2022-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2022-0082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is a numerical simulation and an analytical analysis about the low-velocity impact on a functionally graded porous plate with porosity distribution in the thickness direction. In this article, polymethyl methacrylate is used for matrix, and single-walled carbon nanotube (CNTs) (10,10) with consideration agglomeration sizes and lumping of CNT inside the agglomerations is applied for reinforcement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In analytical formulation, the non-linear Hertz contact law is applied for interaction between projectile and plate surface. High-order shear deformation plate theory is developed, and energy of the system for impactor and plate is written. The governing equations are derived using Ritz method and Lagrange equations and are solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Also, ABAQUS finite element model of functionally graded porous plate with all edges simply supported and reinforced by CNT under low-velocity impact is simulated and is compared with those is achieved in the present analytical approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In parametric studies, the influence of porosity distribution patterns include uniform, non-uniform symmetric and non-uniform asymmetric on the histories of contact force and impactor displacement of simply supported plate reinforced by CNT are presented. Eventually, the effects of porosity coefficient, impactor initial velocity, impactor radius and CNTs lumping inside agglomerations for non-uniform symmetric distribution patterns are discussed in impact event in detail.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In this paper, the effect of combination of polymethyl methacrylate and CNTs with consideration agglomeration sizes and lumping of CNTs inside the agglomerations in the form of a functionally graded porous plate is studied in the problem of low-velocity impact analysis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81097950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1108/prt-06-2022-0077
Saima Habib, Farzana Kishwar, Z. A. Raza
Purpose The purpose of this study is to apply silver nanoparticles on the cellulosic fabric via a green cross-linking approach to obtain antibacterial textiles. The cellulosic fabrics may provide an ideal enclave for microbial growth due to their biodegradable nature and retention of certain nutrients and moisture usually required for microbial colonization. The application of antibacterial finish on the textile surfaces is usually done via synthetic cross-linkers, which, however, may cause toxic effects and halt the biodegradation process. Design/methodology/approach Herein, we incorporated citrate moieties on the cellulosic fabric as eco-friendly crosslinkers for the durable and effective application of nanosilver finish. The nanosilver finish was then applied on the citrate-treated cellulosic fabric under the pad-dry-cure method and characterized the specimens for physicochemical, textile and antibacterial properties. Findings The results expressed that the as-prepared silver particles possessed spherical morphology with their average size in the nano range and zeta potential being −40 ± 5 mV. The results of advanced analytical characterization demonstrated the successful application of nanosilver on the cellulosic surface with appropriate dispersibility. Practical implications The nanosilver-treated fabric exhibited appropriate textile and comfort and durable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Originality/value The treated cellulosic fabric expressed that the cross-linking, crystalline behavior, surface chemistry, roughness and amphiphilicity could affect some of its comfort and textile properties yet be in the acceptable range for potential applications in medical textiles and environmental sectors.
{"title":"Citrate-mediated impregnation of silver nanoparticles for durable antibacterial cellulosic fabric","authors":"Saima Habib, Farzana Kishwar, Z. A. Raza","doi":"10.1108/prt-06-2022-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2022-0077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to apply silver nanoparticles on the cellulosic fabric via a green cross-linking approach to obtain antibacterial textiles. The cellulosic fabrics may provide an ideal enclave for microbial growth due to their biodegradable nature and retention of certain nutrients and moisture usually required for microbial colonization. The application of antibacterial finish on the textile surfaces is usually done via synthetic cross-linkers, which, however, may cause toxic effects and halt the biodegradation process.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Herein, we incorporated citrate moieties on the cellulosic fabric as eco-friendly crosslinkers for the durable and effective application of nanosilver finish. The nanosilver finish was then applied on the citrate-treated cellulosic fabric under the pad-dry-cure method and characterized the specimens for physicochemical, textile and antibacterial properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results expressed that the as-prepared silver particles possessed spherical morphology with their average size in the nano range and zeta potential being −40 ± 5 mV. The results of advanced analytical characterization demonstrated the successful application of nanosilver on the cellulosic surface with appropriate dispersibility.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The nanosilver-treated fabric exhibited appropriate textile and comfort and durable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The treated cellulosic fabric expressed that the cross-linking, crystalline behavior, surface chemistry, roughness and amphiphilicity could affect some of its comfort and textile properties yet be in the acceptable range for potential applications in medical textiles and environmental sectors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80425987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1108/prt-06-2022-0081
M. Mehralian, Ahmadreza Fallah Faraghe, M. Khajeh Mehrizi
Purpose This study aims to investigation of the guar gum-manganese dioxide (GG/MnO2) nanocomposite (NC) synthesized using an environment-friendly method and the degradation of reactive yellow (RY 145) dye in the UV system. Design/methodology/approach Characterization of the GG/MnO2 NCs were conducted using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were conducted using a 1 L glass reactor coupled with Ultraviolet (UV-C) blue light bulb of wavelength 250 nm and power of 8 W. Findings The NC (2.25 g/L) displayed high RY 145 dye degradation (81%) with 10 mg/L of concentration at pH 3. The coefficient of determination (R2 0.99) also depicted that the model fits the experimental data. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the F-values of 464.75, 276.04 and 5.15 are related to the dose of GG/MnO2 NCs, initial concentration of RY 145 dye and solution pH, respectively. Practical implications The GG/MnO2 NCs followed by photo oxidation process (UV-process) could be used to degrade the RY 145 dye from synthetic wastewater. Originality/value There are two main innovations. One is that the novel process is performed successfully for RY 145 dye degradation. The other is that the optimized conditions are obtained by Box–Behnken design. Also, the effects of different variables on the RY 145 dye removal efficiency were investigated.
{"title":"Novel guar gum/MnO2 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow (RY 145) from aqueous solution: optimization by BBD","authors":"M. Mehralian, Ahmadreza Fallah Faraghe, M. Khajeh Mehrizi","doi":"10.1108/prt-06-2022-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2022-0081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to investigation of the guar gum-manganese dioxide (GG/MnO2) nanocomposite (NC) synthesized using an environment-friendly method and the degradation of reactive yellow (RY 145) dye in the UV system.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Characterization of the GG/MnO2 NCs were conducted using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were conducted using a 1 L glass reactor coupled with Ultraviolet (UV-C) blue light bulb of wavelength 250 nm and power of 8 W.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The NC (2.25 g/L) displayed high RY 145 dye degradation (81%) with 10 mg/L of concentration at pH 3. The coefficient of determination (R2 0.99) also depicted that the model fits the experimental data. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the F-values of 464.75, 276.04 and 5.15 are related to the dose of GG/MnO2 NCs, initial concentration of RY 145 dye and solution pH, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The GG/MnO2 NCs followed by photo oxidation process (UV-process) could be used to degrade the RY 145 dye from synthetic wastewater.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There are two main innovations. One is that the novel process is performed successfully for RY 145 dye degradation. The other is that the optimized conditions are obtained by Box–Behnken design. Also, the effects of different variables on the RY 145 dye removal efficiency were investigated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78073155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1108/prt-05-2022-0062
A. Yahyazadeh, E. M. Moradi Rufchahi, H. Yousefi, Seyyedeh Maryam Golzar Poursadeghi
Purpose This paper aims to synthesize 6-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one as a new enol-type coupling component in the preparation of some 3-arylazo-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one dyes and evaluate the solvent effects on their absorption in ultraviolet-visible spectra. Design/methodology/approach 6-Ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one was synthesized by thermal cyclocondensation reaction of N, N′-bis(4-ethylphenyl) malonamide at 130–140°C in polyphosphoric acid. This compound was then applied in the azo-coupling reaction with some aniline-based diazonium salts, so as to prepare seven new mono-heterocyclic azo dyes. The structures of the compounds were confirmed using mass spectroscopic technique. Fourier transform infra red (FT-IR) and 1H proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR) studies on the structure of the azo compounds revealed that they exist as two E- and Z-isomers of hydrazone tautomer both in solid and solution state. The effects of acid and base on the visible absorption spectra of the dyes were also evaluated and discussed. Findings Ultra violet-visible UV-vis absorption spectra of the dyes didn’t show significant variation by changing of solvents because of intramolecular H-bonding between proposed hydrazone forms and 2- and 4-keto functions in their structures. The spectra of the dyes were not sensitive to the addition of acid but were very sensitive to base. Originality/value The synthesized 3-arylazo-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one dyes are new members in the 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one azo dyes family, where very few details regarding the synthesis of such dyes are reported before in the literature. They are unique in terms of synthesis and spectral properties.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric studies on some new hydroxyl-azo dyes derived from 6-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-2(1H)-one","authors":"A. Yahyazadeh, E. M. Moradi Rufchahi, H. Yousefi, Seyyedeh Maryam Golzar Poursadeghi","doi":"10.1108/prt-05-2022-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2022-0062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to synthesize 6-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one as a new enol-type coupling component in the preparation of some 3-arylazo-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one dyes and evaluate the solvent effects on their absorption in ultraviolet-visible spectra.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u00006-Ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one was synthesized by thermal cyclocondensation reaction of N, N′-bis(4-ethylphenyl) malonamide at 130–140°C in polyphosphoric acid. This compound was then applied in the azo-coupling reaction with some aniline-based diazonium salts, so as to prepare seven new mono-heterocyclic azo dyes. The structures of the compounds were confirmed using mass spectroscopic technique. Fourier transform infra red (FT-IR) and 1H proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR) studies on the structure of the azo compounds revealed that they exist as two E- and Z-isomers of hydrazone tautomer both in solid and solution state. The effects of acid and base on the visible absorption spectra of the dyes were also evaluated and discussed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Ultra violet-visible UV-vis absorption spectra of the dyes didn’t show significant variation by changing of solvents because of intramolecular H-bonding between proposed hydrazone forms and 2- and 4-keto functions in their structures. The spectra of the dyes were not sensitive to the addition of acid but were very sensitive to base.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The synthesized 3-arylazo-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one dyes are new members in the 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one azo dyes family, where very few details regarding the synthesis of such dyes are reported before in the literature. They are unique in terms of synthesis and spectral properties.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76070563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1108/prt-06-2022-0072
Nader L. Labib, F. Zahran, M. Youssef, A. M. Mazrouaa, M. G. Mohamed
Purpose This study aims to extend the pot life without altering the qualities and performance of the coating, which is important to increase when manufacturing polyurethane coatings. Design/methodology/approach An acrylic polyol from a mixture of different monomers of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate was prepared with different ratios of 2,4-pentanedione as a pot life extender. The reaction takes place in presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide as initiator with samples (T1–T7). The physical properties of prepared acrylic polyol were characterized. Then, coating polyurethane varnish was prepared from the prepared acrylic polyol with an aliphatic polyisocyanate in a 1:1 equivalent ratio of OH:NCO at room temperature, in presence of paint thinner (diluents/solvent) and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst to give samples (T1C–T7C). This coating was evaluated via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, drying time, hardness and gloss, distinctness of image and reflected image quality. Findings The coating has a prolonged pot life while still maintaining the other qualities, thanks to the greater 2,4-pentanedione content. Originality/value It is desired to have a paint which has a satisfactory pot life, short curing time and reduces many drawbacks such as inefficient working and deterioration of the paint before application.
{"title":"Extending the pot life of polyurethane coatings using organic diones","authors":"Nader L. Labib, F. Zahran, M. Youssef, A. M. Mazrouaa, M. G. Mohamed","doi":"10.1108/prt-06-2022-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2022-0072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to extend the pot life without altering the qualities and performance of the coating, which is important to increase when manufacturing polyurethane coatings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An acrylic polyol from a mixture of different monomers of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate was prepared with different ratios of 2,4-pentanedione as a pot life extender. The reaction takes place in presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide as initiator with samples (T1–T7). The physical properties of prepared acrylic polyol were characterized. Then, coating polyurethane varnish was prepared from the prepared acrylic polyol with an aliphatic polyisocyanate in a 1:1 equivalent ratio of OH:NCO at room temperature, in presence of paint thinner (diluents/solvent) and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst to give samples (T1C–T7C). This coating was evaluated via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, drying time, hardness and gloss, distinctness of image and reflected image quality.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The coating has a prolonged pot life while still maintaining the other qualities, thanks to the greater 2,4-pentanedione content.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It is desired to have a paint which has a satisfactory pot life, short curing time and reduces many drawbacks such as inefficient working and deterioration of the paint before application.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82167329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1108/prt-01-2022-0009
Yushuang Wu, Jiapeng Long, B. Liang, Yang Yanan
Purpose This paper aims to study a new halogen-free fame-retardant curing agent 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonate (AAEDP). Design/methodology/approach The AAEDP was synthesized by phosphoric acid, acetonitrile and ammonia. The chemical structures of AAEDP were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) would study the thermal properties and the char residues of AAEDP/EP. The thermal stability, mechanical and flame properties and morphology for the char layer of composite materials were separately investigated using TGA, tensile and charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 HB flammability standard (UL-94) and SEM. Findings The results showed that the AAEDP had been prepared successfully. When the intumescent flame retardant was added into the EP, the LOI of composite material was improved. Research limitations/implications The AAEDP can be prepared successfully and can improve the flame resistance of composite material. Practical implications The AAEDP has excellent flame-retardant properties and produce no toxic fumes when burnt in case of fire. Originality/value The results showed that the phosphorus content of AAEDP was 2.958 Wt.%; the impact and tensile strength of the composite material were 6.417 kJ m−2 and 38.0 MPa, respectively; and the LOI and UL-94 were 29.7% and V-0 ranking, respectively. The TGA results indicated that the carbon residue ratio can be increased by 1000°C in air. The denser and more uniform structure of residual carbon prevents heat transfer and diffusion, restricts the production of combustible gas and reduces the rate of heat release.
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of a new halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resin flame retardant","authors":"Yushuang Wu, Jiapeng Long, B. Liang, Yang Yanan","doi":"10.1108/prt-01-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study a new halogen-free fame-retardant curing agent 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonate (AAEDP).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The AAEDP was synthesized by phosphoric acid, acetonitrile and ammonia. The chemical structures of AAEDP were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) would study the thermal properties and the char residues of AAEDP/EP. The thermal stability, mechanical and flame properties and morphology for the char layer of composite materials were separately investigated using TGA, tensile and charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 HB flammability standard (UL-94) and SEM.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results showed that the AAEDP had been prepared successfully. When the intumescent flame retardant was added into the EP, the LOI of composite material was improved.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The AAEDP can be prepared successfully and can improve the flame resistance of composite material.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The AAEDP has excellent flame-retardant properties and produce no toxic fumes when burnt in case of fire.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The results showed that the phosphorus content of AAEDP was 2.958 Wt.%; the impact and tensile strength of the composite material were 6.417 kJ m−2 and 38.0 MPa, respectively; and the LOI and UL-94 were 29.7% and V-0 ranking, respectively. The TGA results indicated that the carbon residue ratio can be increased by 1000°C in air. The denser and more uniform structure of residual carbon prevents heat transfer and diffusion, restricts the production of combustible gas and reduces the rate of heat release.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78054772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1108/prt-04-2022-0052
E. Salim, Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan
Purpose The main aim of this study is to study the effect of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride on removing stains, yellowness and harmful metal ions on historical printed paper, as well as the effect of this cleaner on optical and chemical properties of treated paper. Design/methodology/approach The assessments after and before treatment were carried out using digital microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH measurement, color change and finally scanning electron microscopy. Findings The results showed that the concentrations used under study (1% and 3%) cleaned the paper efficiently without any observed effect on the chemical composition of cellulose, which was confirmed by IR spectra. The most stains that completely disappeared were the soil spots, also the pH values had improved significantly after treatment, which confirms that the detergent is effective in neutralizing the acidity of cellulose. Moreover, the color change revealed an increase in the chromatic lightness of the paper after treatment, which agreed with the results of the scanning electron microscopy examination, as the paper appeared free of dirt, and the fibers and bundles became more cohesive. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is a unique study, as there is no previous literature that has indicated the use of the effect of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride washing treatments for printed historical paper, as it was limited only to making disinfection materials and water purification products.
{"title":"Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as a new cleaner for washing treatments for historical printed paper","authors":"E. Salim, Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan","doi":"10.1108/prt-04-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The main aim of this study is to study the effect of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride on removing stains, yellowness and harmful metal ions on historical printed paper, as well as the effect of this cleaner on optical and chemical properties of treated paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The assessments after and before treatment were carried out using digital microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH measurement, color change and finally scanning electron microscopy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results showed that the concentrations used under study (1% and 3%) cleaned the paper efficiently without any observed effect on the chemical composition of cellulose, which was confirmed by IR spectra. The most stains that completely disappeared were the soil spots, also the pH values had improved significantly after treatment, which confirms that the detergent is effective in neutralizing the acidity of cellulose. Moreover, the color change revealed an increase in the chromatic lightness of the paper after treatment, which agreed with the results of the scanning electron microscopy examination, as the paper appeared free of dirt, and the fibers and bundles became more cohesive.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is a unique study, as there is no previous literature that has indicated the use of the effect of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride washing treatments for printed historical paper, as it was limited only to making disinfection materials and water purification products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88639539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1108/prt-05-2022-0067
S. Ahmadi, Bahaaddin Mahmoodi, M. Kazemini, N. Mahmoodi
Purpose Environmental issues and lack of drinking water have forced researchers to find some alternatives to wastewater treatment. Because dyes are used in a variety of industrial applications such as textile and pharmaceutical, wastewater of these factories leads to several environmental problems. Using catalysis under ultraviolet-irradiation (photocatalysis) is one of the cases that is used in wastewater treatment. The purpose of this work is the photocatalytic degradation of dye (Reactive Red 198) and pharmaceutical (tetracycline) using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe). Design/methodology/approach In this work, Reactive Red 198 (RR198), an anionic dye and tetracycline as a pharmaceutical are tested with two catalysts, MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe). Catalyst synthesis method and characterization were discussed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses, and their results are described in detail. Findings Dye concentration varies among 15, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L for MIL-100(Fe) for which the removal percent is 97%, 94%, 89% and 58% and for MIL-53(Fe), dye concentration increases from 20 to 40, 60 and 80 mg/L, the removal percent of which is 98%, 88%, 75% and 50%. Pharmaceutical degradation by MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe) was 75% and 80%, respectively. Originality/value Photocatalytic degradation of RR198 and tetracycline using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe) was not studied in detail.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of dye (Reactive Red 198) and pharmaceutical (tetracycline) using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe): catalyst synthesis and pollutant degradation","authors":"S. Ahmadi, Bahaaddin Mahmoodi, M. Kazemini, N. Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1108/prt-05-2022-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2022-0067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Environmental issues and lack of drinking water have forced researchers to find some alternatives to wastewater treatment. Because dyes are used in a variety of industrial applications such as textile and pharmaceutical, wastewater of these factories leads to several environmental problems. Using catalysis under ultraviolet-irradiation (photocatalysis) is one of the cases that is used in wastewater treatment. The purpose of this work is the photocatalytic degradation of dye (Reactive Red 198) and pharmaceutical (tetracycline) using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this work, Reactive Red 198 (RR198), an anionic dye and tetracycline as a pharmaceutical are tested with two catalysts, MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe). Catalyst synthesis method and characterization were discussed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses, and their results are described in detail.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Dye concentration varies among 15, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L for MIL-100(Fe) for which the removal percent is 97%, 94%, 89% and 58% and for MIL-53(Fe), dye concentration increases from 20 to 40, 60 and 80 mg/L, the removal percent of which is 98%, 88%, 75% and 50%. Pharmaceutical degradation by MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe) was 75% and 80%, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Photocatalytic degradation of RR198 and tetracycline using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe) was not studied in detail.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81290405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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