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The module consisting of transcription factor WRKY14 and thaumatin-like protein TLP25 is involved in winter adaptation in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. 转录因子 WRKY14 和thaumatin 样蛋白 TLP25 组成的模块参与了 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus 的冬季适应。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14560
Qi Liu, Weiying Zeng, Lanting Qi, Xuting Li, Yijun Zhou, Fei Gao

Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are conserved proteins involved in the defense and stress responses of plants. Previous studies showed that several TLPs were accumulated in leaf apoplast in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in winter, indicating that TLPs might be related to the adaptation to winter climate in A. mongolicus. To investigate the roles of TLPs in winter adaptation, we first analyzed the expression pattern of TLP genes in A. mongolicus and then focused on the biological function and regulation pathway of AmTLP25 gene. Several TLP genes, including AmTLP25, were upregulated during winter and in response to both cold and osmotic stress. Overexpression of the AmTLP25 gene led to an increased tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to freezing and osmotic stress. Furthermore, the elevated AmWRKY14 transcription factor during winter activated AmTLP25 gene expression by specifically binding to its promoter. It is speculated that the AmWRKY14 - AmTLP25 module contributes to the adaptation to temperate winter climate in A. mongolicus. Our research advances the current understanding of the biological function and regulatory pathway of TLP genes and provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanism of temperate evergreen broad-leaved plants adapting to winter climate.

Thaumatin样蛋白(TLPs)是参与植物防御和胁迫反应的保守蛋白。之前的研究表明,在冬季,多种TLPs在蒙草叶片细胞质中积累,这表明TLPs可能与蒙草对冬季气候的适应有关。为了研究TLPs在冬季适应中的作用,我们首先分析了Ammopiptanthus mongolicus中TLP基因的表达模式,然后重点研究了AmTLP25基因的生物学功能和调控途径。包括AmTLP25在内的多个TLP基因在冬季以及对冷胁迫和渗透胁迫的响应中上调。过表达AmTLP25基因可提高转基因拟南芥对冷冻和渗透胁迫的耐受性。此外,冬季升高的 AmWRKY14 转录因子通过特异性结合 AmTLP25 启动子,激活了 AmTLP25 基因的表达。据推测,AmWRKY14 - AmTLP25模块有助于拟南芥适应温带冬季气候。我们的研究推进了目前对TLP基因生物学功能和调控途径的认识,为了解温带常绿阔叶植物适应冬季气候的分子机制提供了有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrient competition between female cones and young seeds in spring affects the physiological dropping and nut-setting rate in Torreya grandis. 春季雌球果和幼籽之间的营养竞争会影响香榧的生理凋落和坚果结实率。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14525
Lei Wang, Wei Jiang, Hangbiao Jin, Rui Zhang, Jiasheng Wu

Physiological seed drop is a recognized phenomenon in economic forest, caused by the abscission of developing seeds due to intergroup competition for resources. However, little is known about the resource allocation dynamics in species exhibiting a biennial fruiting cycle, where interactions occur not only among seeds of the same year but also between reproductive structures from consecutive years. In this study, we explored the dynamics of resource allocation in Torreya grandis, a nut crop with a prototypical two-year seed development pattern. We implemented thinning treatments of 0%, 30%, and 60% on female cones and/or immature seeds during the spring, targeting various stages of development both pre- and post-pollination. Our findings reveal a pronounced resource competition in Torreya, evidenced by a natural seed-setting rate of merely 9.4%. Contrary to expectations, seed thinning did not lead to an obvious increase in nut-setting rates, whereas a substantial increase to 20.5% was observed when female cones were thinned by 60% at 20 days before pollination. The cone thinning treatment appears to have influenced seed development through positive cytokinin and negative abscisic acid effects. This indicates that intergroup competition between female cones and nuts is a more significant factor in seed drop than inner nut competition, and there seems to be an interaction between the two groups. We demonstrate that, in Torreya with biennial seed development, it is the competition between female cones and immature seeds that is important. This insight expands our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms governing seed drop in biennial fruiting species and managing the reproductive organ load to optimize nutrient allocation.

生理落种是经济林中公认的一种现象,是由于群体间对资源的竞争导致发育中的种子脱落造成的。然而,人们对表现出两年结果周期的物种的资源分配动态知之甚少,因为在这种情况下,不仅同年的种子之间会发生相互作用,而且连续几年的生殖结构之间也会发生相互作用。在这项研究中,我们探索了大香榧资源分配的动态,大香榧是一种坚果作物,具有典型的两年种子发育模式。我们在春季对雌球果和/或未成熟种子进行了 0%、30% 和 60% 的稀疏处理,目标是授粉前和授粉后的不同发育阶段。我们的研究结果表明,香榧存在明显的资源竞争,自然结籽率仅为 9.4%。与预期相反的是,疏种并没有明显提高结实率,而在授粉前 20 天将雌球果疏剪 60% 时,结实率大幅提高到 20.5%。疏果处理似乎通过细胞分裂素的正效应和脱落酸的负效应影响了种子的发育。这表明,雌球果和坚果之间的群间竞争是比内部坚果竞争更重要的落籽因素,而且这两类竞争之间似乎存在相互作用。我们证明,在两年生种子发育的香榧中,雌球果和未成熟种子之间的竞争才是重要的。这一见解拓展了我们对二年生果树物种落籽的生理机制以及管理生殖器官负荷以优化养分分配的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Intricate microbe-plant-metabolic remodeling mediated by intercropping enhances the quality of Panax quinquefolius L. 以间作为介导的错综复杂的微生物-植物-代谢重塑可提高板蓝根的品质
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14499
Wanying Duan, Xiaoli Chen, Yu Ding, Xinying Mao, Zhengjian Song, Jie Bao, Lei Fang, Lanping Guo, Jie Zhou

Improving the cultivation mode and technology for traditional Chinese medicine has become important for its sustainable development. Monoculture enhances plant diseases, which decreases yield and quality. Intercropping is an effective measure to counterbalance that negative effect. In this study, we focused on Panax quinquefolium L. (ginseng) and four treatments were set up: the control without intercropping, P. quinquefolius + ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), P. quinquefolius + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and P. quinquefolius + ryegrass + red clover. An LC-MS/MS system was used to detect the changes in the P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the changes in the P. quinquefolius' rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Ginsenoside content, soil enzyme activities, and arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate of P. quinquefolius were also measured using HPLC, ELISA kits, and microscopy, respectively. Co-intertia and Pearson's analysis were performed to explore the relationship between the metabolites and the P. quinquefolius microorganisms. Intercropping significantly increased the content of ginsenoside metabolites and recruited a large number of beneficial bacteria to the P. quinquefolius rhizosphere. The P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites were associated with the rhizosphere microbial community. For example, the dominant microorganisms, such as Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi, played a key role in promoting the synthesis of ginsenoside Rd and (20R) ginsenoside Rg3 by P. quinquefolius. Intercropping led to changes in the P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites by driving and reshaping the rhizosphere microorganisms. These findings revealed the potential application of intercropping for improving the quality of P. quinquefolius.

改进中药种植模式和技术对中药的可持续发展十分重要。单一种植会加重植物病害,降低产量和质量。间作是抵消这种负面影响的有效措施。在本研究中,我们以人参为研究对象,设置了四个处理:未间作的对照、人参+黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、人参+红三叶(Trifolium pratense L.)和人参+黑麦草+红三叶。利用 LC-MS/MS 系统检测了五加皮次生代谢物的变化,并利用高通量测序技术确定了五加皮根瘤土壤微生物的变化。此外,还利用高效液相色谱、酶联免疫吸附试剂盒和显微镜分别测定了人参皂苷含量、土壤酶活性和五倍子根瘤菌感染率。通过共线性分析和皮尔逊分析,探讨了代谢物与五角枫微生物之间的关系。间作显著增加了人参皂苷代谢物的含量,并为五加皮根瘤菌圈招募了大量有益菌。五倍子次生代谢物与根圈微生物群落有关。例如,优势微生物,如酸性菌群和绿僵菌,在促进五加皮合成人参皂甙 Rd 和(20R)人参皂甙 Rg3 方面发挥了关键作用。通过驱动和重塑根瘤微生物,间作导致了五加皮次生代谢产物的变化。这些发现揭示了间作套种在改善五加皮品质方面的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
The adaptation of lichen symbiosis to desert saline-alkali stress depends more on their symbiotic algae. 地衣共生体对沙漠盐碱压力的适应更多地取决于它们的共生藻。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14510
Biting Li, Reyim Mamuti, Liting Xiao, Ben Qian, Yanyan Wang, Xinli Wei

Soil salinization is a major environmental threat to the entire terrestrial ecosystem. Lichens arose from the symbiosis of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They have a high tolerance to various extreme environments, including adaptation to saline-alkali habitats. Thus, lichens are pioneer species on saline-alkali soil. However, the separate resilience of the two symbiotic partners under saline-alkali conditions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, two representative symbiotic algae, Diplosphaera chodatii and Trebouxia jamesii, were studied for their physiological response to the saline-alkali stress by adjusting different concentrations of NaHCO3, together with their respective symbiotic fungi Endocarpon pusillum (terricolous lichen) and Umbilicaria muhlenbergii (saxicolous lichen). The results indicate that cell growth rate and biomass in all four cultures decreased in alkali-alkaline substrate, while cellular activities and ultrastructure were affected to a distinct extent. Compared with the symbiotic fungi, the algae were found to be more active in coordinating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation damage under the saline-alkali stress. The antioxidant system of the alga was especially shown as a key adaptive trait and it provides an important strategy for species survival and persistence in arid saline-alkali desert. The specific survival ability of the lichen symbiosis relies on the stress resilience advantages of the symbiotic partners in combination. Our study provided new insights into understanding the adaptation of lichen symbiosis to desert saline-alkali soil, and the potential of lichen symbiotic algae in the future desert ecological restoration.

土壤盐碱化是整个陆地生态系统面临的主要环境威胁。地衣是由真菌和藻类或蓝藻共生产生的。它们对各种极端环境具有很强的耐受性,包括对盐碱地生境的适应性。因此,地衣是盐碱地上的先锋物种。然而,人们对这两种共生伙伴在盐碱条件下各自的恢复能力仍缺乏足够的了解。本研究通过调节不同浓度的 NaHCO3,研究了两种具有代表性的共生藻类 Diplosphaera chodatii 和 Trebouxia jamesii 以及它们各自的共生真菌 Endocarpon pusillum(三叶地衣)和 Umbilicaria muhlenbergii(半三叶地衣)对盐碱胁迫的生理反应。结果表明,在碱性-碱性基质中,四种培养物的细胞生长率和生物量都有所下降,而细胞活性和超微结构则受到不同程度的影响。与共生真菌相比,盐碱胁迫下藻类在协调氧化应激和脂质过氧化损伤方面更为活跃。藻类的抗氧化系统尤其被证明是一种关键的适应性特征,它为物种在干旱的盐碱荒漠中生存和存活提供了重要策略。地衣共生的特殊生存能力依赖于共生伙伴共同的抗逆优势。我们的研究为了解地衣共生对沙漠盐碱土壤的适应性以及地衣共生藻在未来沙漠生态恢复中的潜力提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analysis characterized methyl jasmonate-elicited flavonoid metabolites of Blumea balsamifera. 代谢组和转录组的综合分析表征了茉莉酸甲酯诱导的香叶木黄酮代谢物。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14488
Lingliang Guan, Lixin Yang, Fulai Yu, Houyuan Zeng, Chao Yuan, Xiaoli Xie, Lin Bai, Zhenxia Chen, Xiaolu Chen, Kai Wang, Mei Huang, Xuan Hu, Lei Liu

As a commonly used medicinal plant, the flavonoid metabolites of Blumea balsamifera and their association with genes are still elusive. In this study, the total flavonoid content (TFC), flavonoid metabolites and biosynthetic gene expression patterns of B. balsamifera after application of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were scrutinized. The different concentrations of exogenous MeJA increased the TFC of B. balsamifera leaves after 48 h of exposure, and there was a positive correlation between TFC and the elicitor concentration. A total of 48 flavonoid metabolites, falling into 10 structural classes, were identified, among which flavones and flavanones were predominant. After screening candidate genes by transcriptome mining, the comprehensive analysis of gene expression level and TFC suggested that FLS and MYB may be key genes that regulate the TFC in B. balsamifera leaves under exogenous MeJA treatment. This study lays a foundation for elucidating flavonoids of B. balsamifera, and navigates the breeding of flavonoid-rich B. balsamifera varieties.

作为一种常用的药用植物,苦木的黄酮类代谢物及其与基因的关系仍是一个未知数。本研究仔细研究了外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)施用后香叶木的总黄酮含量(TFC)、黄酮代谢物和生物合成基因表达模式。不同浓度的外源甲基茉莉酸(MeJA)会增加香脂树叶片暴露 48 小时后的总黄酮含量,且总黄酮含量与诱导剂浓度呈正相关。共鉴定出 48 种黄酮类代谢物,分为 10 个结构类别,其中以黄酮和黄烷酮为主。通过转录组挖掘筛选候选基因,对基因表达水平和TFC进行综合分析,结果表明FLS和MYB可能是调控外源MeJA处理下香蒲叶片TFC的关键基因。该研究为阐明香脂树黄酮类化合物奠定了基础,并为培育富含黄酮类化合物的香脂树品种提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Wild mungbean resistance to the nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii involves the induction of phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignification. 野生绿豆对线虫 Meloidogyne enterolobii 的抗性涉及诱导苯丙素代谢和木质化。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14533
Sook-Kuan Lee, Pin-Zhe Liao, Chih-Yu Lin, Hung-Wei Chen, Meng-Shan Hsieh, Ya-Ping Lin, Yi-Ju Chen, Jia-Heng Hong, Yi-Ling Chiang, Chiu-Ping Cheng, Pei-Chen Janet Chen, Cheng-Ruei Lee, Jiue-In Yang, Hieng-Ming Ting

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are plant parasites causing annual economic losses amounting to several billion US dollars worldwide. One of the most aggressive species is M. enterolobii, a growing threat to agriculture due to its broad host range and ability to overcome many known resistance genes. Mungbean, a nutritionally and economically valuable crop, is particularly vulnerable to nematodes and pathogens. However, research focusing on mungbean resistance to M. enterolobii is scarce, and the corresponding defense mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we screened mungbean accessions and identified an accession strongly resistant to M. enterolobii. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2730 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this resistant accession (CPI106939) compared to 1777 in the susceptible accession (Crystal) 7 days after nematode inoculation. The gene ontology (GO) upregulated in CPI106939 with functions related to plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signaling, oxidative stress, and plant immunity. Plant defense-related genes (WRKY, PAL, MAPK, POD and PR) were also significantly induced in CPI106939. Metabolome analysis showed that four secondary metabolites related to phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignification were significantly enriched in CPI106939. The induced immune response and secondary metabolites may underpin the enhanced resistance to M. enterolobii, providing insight into the resistance mechanisms in accession CPI106939 as well as candidate genes controlling the interaction between mungbean and its nematode parasite. Our study therefore provides foundations for the breeding of new varieties with intrinsic M. enterolobii resistance.

根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)肠结线虫是最具攻击性的物种之一,由于其寄主范围广泛,并能克服许多已知的抗性基因,因此对农业的威胁日益严重。绿豆是一种具有营养和经济价值的作物,特别容易受到线虫和病原体的侵害。然而,有关绿豆对肠道线虫抗性的研究很少,人们对相应的防御机制也知之甚少。在此,我们对绿豆品种进行了筛选,发现了一个对肠孢霉具有强抗性的品种。转录组分析显示,在接种线虫 7 天后,该抗性品种(CPI106939)与易感品种(Crystal)相比,有 2730 个差异表达基因(DEGs),而易感品种只有 1777 个。CPI106939 中基因本体(GO)上调的功能与植物-病原体相互作用、植物激素信号转导、氧化应激和植物免疫有关。CPI106939 中的植物防御相关基因(WRKY、PAL、MAPK、POD 和 PR)也被显著诱导。代谢组分析表明,CPI106939 中明显富集了四种与苯丙类代谢和木质化有关的次生代谢物。诱导的免疫反应和次生代谢物可能是增强对肠道线虫抗性的基础,这有助于深入了解 CPI106939 的抗性机制以及控制绿豆与其线虫寄生体之间相互作用的候选基因。因此,我们的研究为培育具有内在肠道线虫抗性的新品种奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced diffusional limitations in carnation stems facilitate higher photosynthetic rates and reduced photorespiratory losses compared with leaves. 与叶片相比,康乃馨茎中扩散限制的减少有利于提高光合速率和减少光呼吸损失。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14573
Charilaos Yiotis, Christos Chondrogiannis

Green stem photosynthesis has been shown to be relatively inefficient but can occasionally contribute significantly to the carbon budget of desert plants. Although the possession of green photosynthetic stems is a common trait, little is known about their photosynthetic characteristics in non-desert species. Dianthus caryophyllus is a semi-woody species with prominent green stems, which show similar photosynthetic anatomy with leaves. In the present study, we used a combination of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, some of which were taken under varying O2 and CO2 partial pressures, to investigate whether the apparent anatomical similarities between the species' leaves and stems translate into similar photosynthetic physiology and capacity for CO2 assimilation. Both organs displayed high photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) and similar values of steady-state non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), albeit leaves could attain them faster. The analysis of OJIP transients showed that the quantum efficiencies and energy fluxes along the photosynthetic electron transport chain are largely similar between leaves and stems. Stems displayed higher total conductance to CO2 diffusion, similar biochemical properties, significantly higher photosynthetic rates and lower water use efficiency than leaves. Leaf ETR was more sensitive to sub-ambient O2 and super-ambient CO2 partial pressures, while leaves also displayed a higher relative rate of Rubisco oxygenation. We conclude that the highly responsive NPQ and the enhanced photorespiration and WUE in leaves represent photoprotective and water-conserving adaptations to the high incident light intensities they experience naturally, at the expense of higher CO2 assimilation rates, which the vertically orientated stems can readily attain.

绿色茎光合作用的效率相对较低,但偶尔也会对沙漠植物的碳预算做出重大贡献。虽然拥有绿色光合茎是一种常见特征,但人们对非沙漠物种的光合特征知之甚少。石竹是一种半木质化物种,具有突出的绿色茎,其光合作用解剖结构与叶片相似。在本研究中,我们结合气体交换和叶绿素荧光测量(其中一些测量是在不同的氧气和二氧化碳分压下进行的),研究了该物种的叶和茎之间明显的解剖学相似性是否转化为相似的光合生理和二氧化碳同化能力。两种器官都显示出较高的光合电子传递速率(ETR)和相似的稳态非光化学淬灭(NPQ)值,尽管叶片能更快地达到这些值。对 OJIP 瞬态的分析表明,叶片和茎的光合电子传递链的量子效率和能量通量基本相似。与叶片相比,茎的二氧化碳扩散总导率更高,生化特性相似,光合速率明显更高,而水分利用效率较低。叶片 ETR 对亚环境 O2 和超环境 CO2 分压更敏感,而叶片也显示出更高的 Rubisco 加氧相对速率。我们的结论是,叶片的高反应性 NPQ 以及增强的光蒸腾和 WUE 代表了对其自然经历的高入射光强度的光保护和节水适应,其代价是更高的 CO2 同化速率,而垂直方向的茎很容易达到这种速率。
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引用次数: 0
Biocontrol mechanisms of poplar leaf blight due to Nigrospora oryzae. 由 Nigrospora oryzae 引起的杨树叶枯病的生物防治机制。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14556
Jin Han, Zhantong Lu, Huifang Zhang, Shida Ji, Bin Liu, Ning Kong, Yongfeng Yang, Baoyue Xing, Zhihua Liu

Nigrospora oryzae, a newly identified pathogen, is responsible for poplar leaf blight, causing significant harm to poplar growth. Here, we describe, for the first time, a biological control method for the control of poplar leaf blight via the applications of 3 dominant Trichoderma strains/species. In this study, dominant Trichoderma species/strains with the potential for biocontrol were identified and then further characterised via dual culture assays, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and culture filtrates. The biocontrol efficacy of these strains against N. oryzae was found to exceed 60%. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap) leaves pretreated with these Trichoderma strains significantly decreased. Furthermore, pretreatment of PdPap with a combination of these Trichoderma (Tcom) resulted in 9.71-fold and 1.95-fold increases in peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, respectively, and 3.87-fold decrease in the MDA content compared to controls. Moreover, Tcom pretreatment activated the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway-dependent defence responses of poplar, upregulating pathogenesis-related protein (PR) and MYC proto-oncogene (MYC-R) by more than 12-fold and 17.32-fold, respectively. In addition, Trichoderma treatments significantly increased the number of lateral roots, aboveground biomass, and stomata number and density of PdPap, and Tcom was superior to the single pretreatments. The soil pH also became weakly acidic in these pretreatments, which is beneficial for the growth of PdPap seedlings. These findings indicate that these dominant Trichoderma strains can effectively increase biocontrol and poplar growth promotion.

Nigrospora oryzae 是一种新发现的病原体,是杨树叶枯病的罪魁祸首,对杨树的生长造成严重危害。在此,我们首次描述了通过应用 3 种优势毛霉菌株/菌种来控制杨树叶枯病的生物防治方法。在这项研究中,我们确定了具有生物防治潜力的优势毛霉菌种/菌株,然后通过双重培养试验、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和培养滤液对其进行了进一步鉴定。发现这些菌株对 N. oryzae 的生物防治效力超过 60%。此外,用这些毛霉菌株预处理的杨树 × 白杨变种(PdPap)叶片中的活性氧(ROS)含量显著降低。此外,与对照组相比,用这些毛霉的组合(Tcom)预处理 PdPap 后,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高了 9.71 倍和 1.95 倍,MDA 含量降低了 3.87 倍。此外,Tcom 预处理激活了杨树依赖于水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)通路的防御反应,使致病相关蛋白(PR)和 MYC 原癌基因(MYC-R)分别上调了 12 倍和 17.32 倍以上。此外,毛霉处理显著增加了 PdPap 的侧根数量、地上生物量、气孔数量和密度,其中 Tcom 的效果优于单一预处理。在这些预处理中,土壤的 pH 值也变为弱酸性,这有利于 PdPap 幼苗的生长。这些研究结果表明,这些优势毛霉菌株能有效提高生物防治能力,促进杨树生长。
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引用次数: 0
Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Moisture Stress Tolerance in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) through Alleviating Oxidative Damages. 外源性褪黑素通过减轻氧化损伤增强芒果(Mangifera indica L.)的水分胁迫耐受性
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14566
Ajaya Kumar Trivedi, Sushil Kumar Shukla, Ghanshyam Pandey, Achal Singh

In subtropical regions, April to June represents a temporary moisture stress for mango trees, leading to huge economic loss. Although water is available in the deep root zone, the upper soil surface, which has fibrous roots, is dry, and the tree transpiration rate is high. Moisture stress causes an increased oxidation state, which is detrimental to fruit growth and development. Finding substitutes for moisture stress management is important for sustainable mango production. To manage this moisture stress in mango, we tested if foliar application of 20, 50, 100 and 150 μM melatonin helped to maintain a reduced oxidation state in the cells. Applications were made at three phenological stages of fruit development (marble, egg and mature fruit stages) in 16-year-old trees and the same plants for each treatment were followed over three years. Melatonin application indeed improved the fruit yield of mango. Moisture stress decreased yield by 55.94% compared to irrigated trees but only by 7.5% in melatonin treatment. Also, more 'A' grade fruits were harvested in irrigated and melatonin-treated conditions than in non-irrigated and non-treated conditions. Indeed, the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of moisture-stressed melatonin-treated trees (12.58 mg.g-1 fresh weight) was well above non-treated trees (6.77 mg.g-1) and similar to irrigated trees (12.50 mg.g-1). A dose-dependent increase in the chlorophyll content of melatonin-treated plants was found. Similarly, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxidase dismutase enzymes in leaves of irrigated and melatonin-treated trees were lower than in non-irrigated condition, and superoxide free radial formation was lower in moisture-stressed melatonin-treated trees (0.77 nmol H2O2.mg-1 protein) and irrigated trees (0.65) than moisture-stressed non-treated trees (4.27). Significant variations was found in antioxidants (total, reduced and oxidized glutathione and ascorbate) content and antioxidant enzymes' activities (i.e., glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) in irrigated, melatonin-treated and non-irrigated conditions. Overall, 150 μM exogenous melatonin applied three times at different fruit development stages may be a sustainable and useful approach to manage transient moisture stress in mango trees thanks to its positive action on the antioxidant system.

在亚热带地区,4 月至 6 月是芒果树的临时水分胁迫期,会导致巨大的经济损失。虽然根系深层有水,但土壤上层的须根表面却很干燥,树木的蒸腾率很高。水分胁迫会导致氧化状态加剧,不利于果实的生长和发育。寻找水分胁迫管理的替代品对于芒果的可持续生产非常重要。为了控制芒果的湿度胁迫,我们测试了叶面喷施 20、50、100 和 150 μM 褪黑激素是否有助于维持细胞的低氧化状态。在果实发育的三个物候期(大理石期、卵期和成熟果期)对 16 年树龄的果树施用褪黑激素,并对每种处理的相同植株进行了为期三年的跟踪观察。施用褪黑素确实提高了芒果的产量。与灌溉果树相比,水分胁迫使产量降低了 55.94%,但褪黑激素处理仅降低了 7.5%。此外,在灌溉和褪黑激素处理条件下收获的 "A "级果实比非灌溉和未处理条件下多。事实上,经褪黑激素处理的水分胁迫果树叶片总叶绿素含量(12.58 mg.g-1 鲜重)远高于未处理果树(6.77 mg.g-1),与灌溉果树(12.50 mg.g-1)相近。经褪黑素处理的植物叶绿素含量的增加与剂量有关。同样,灌溉和褪黑激素处理过的树木叶片中过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物酶歧化酶的活性低于非灌溉条件下,水分胁迫下褪黑激素处理过的树木(0.77 nmol H2O2.mg-1 蛋白质)和灌溉树木(0.65)的超氧化物自由径向形成低于水分胁迫下的非处理树木(4.27)。在灌溉、褪黑激素处理和非灌溉条件下,抗氧化剂(总、还原和氧化谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸)含量和抗氧化酶活性(即谷胱甘肽还原酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)均存在显著差异。总之,在果实的不同发育阶段三次施用 150 μM 的外源褪黑激素可能是管理芒果树瞬时水分胁迫的一种可持续且有用的方法,这要归功于它对抗氧化系统的积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and characterization of a key LcTPS in the biosynthesis of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in Litchi fruit. 荔枝果中挥发性单萜和倍半萜生物合成过程中关键 LcTPS 的鉴定和特征描述。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14559
Liyu Fu, Qiuzi Chen, Yawen Li, Yanlan Li, Xuequn Pang, Zhaoqi Zhang, Fang Fang

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a desirable sweet taste and exotic aroma, making it popular in the markets. However, the biosynthesis of aroma volatiles in litchi fruit has rarely been investigated. In this study, the content and composition of volatile compounds were determined during litchi fruit ripening. In the mature green and mature red stages of litchi, 49 and 45 volatile compounds were detected, respectively. Monoterpenes were found to be the most abundant volatile compounds in mature red fruit, and their contents significantly increased compared to green fruit, mainly including citronellol, geraniol, myrcene, and D-limonene, which contributed to the aroma in litchi fruit. By comparing the expression profiles of the genes involved in the terpene synthesis pathway during fruit development, a terpene synthesis gene (LcTPS1-2) was identified and characterized as a major player in the synthesis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. A subcellular localization analysis found LcTPS1-2 to be present in the plastid and cytoplasm. The recombinant LcTPS1-2 enzyme was able to catalyze the formation of three monoterpenes, myrcene, geraniol and citral, from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and to convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to a sesquiterpene, caryophyllene in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LcTPS1-2 exclusively released one monoterpene D-limonene, and three sesquiterpenes cis-thujopsene, (E)-β-famesene and trans-β-ionone. These results indicate that LcTPS1-2 plays an important role in the production of major volatile terpenes in litchi fruit and provides a basis for future investigations of terpenoid biosynthesis in litchi and other horticultural crops.

荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)具有令人向往的甜味和奇特香气,因此在市场上很受欢迎。然而,有关荔枝果实香气挥发物生物合成的研究却很少。本研究测定了荔枝果实成熟过程中挥发性化合物的含量和组成。在荔枝成熟的绿色和成熟的红色阶段,分别检测到 49 种和 45 种挥发性化合物。研究发现,单萜是成熟红果中含量最高的挥发性化合物,与绿果相比,其含量明显增加,主要包括香茅醇、香叶醇、月桂烯和D-柠檬烯,它们对荔枝果的香气起着重要作用。通过比较果实发育过程中萜烯合成途径相关基因的表达谱,发现了一个萜烯合成基因(LcTPS1-2),该基因是合成单萜和倍半萜的主要角色。亚细胞定位分析发现 LcTPS1-2 存在于质体和细胞质中。重组的 LcTPS1-2 酶能够在体外催化由焦磷酸香叶酯(GPP)形成三种单萜烯--月桂烯、香叶醇和柠檬醛,并将二磷酸法尼酯(FPP)转化为倍半萜--石竹烯。过表达 LcTPS1-2 的转基因拟南芥植株只释放一种单萜 D-柠檬烯和三种倍半萜顺式-柚烯、(E)-β-焰烯烃和反式-β-酮。这些结果表明,LcTPS1-2 在荔枝果实中主要挥发性萜类化合物的生产中发挥着重要作用,为今后研究荔枝和其他园艺作物中萜类化合物的生物合成提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Physiologia plantarum
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