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Potato NPH3/RPT2-like (NRL) member StNRL-9 interacts with Stphots and negatively regulates late blight resistance. 马铃薯 NPH3/RPT2-like(NRL)成员 StNRL-9 与 Stphots 相互作用并负向调节晚疫病抗性。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14594
Tianyu Lin, Huishan Qiu, Dong Cheng, Qingguo Sun, Lang Liu, Zhendong Tian

Blue light enhances the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to Phytophthora infestans, a causative agent of late blight disease. Investigating how blue light affects potato late blight resistance is an interesting aspect of exploring new ways to control late blight disease. Blue light photoreceptor phototropins (phot1, phot2) and their downstream interact protein StNRL1 have been shown to negatively regulate late blight resistance. In order to investigate whether other potato NPH3/RPT2-Like (NRL) family members are involved in regulating late blight resistance, this study focused on the potato NRL proteins containing RxSxS motif at the C-terminus. Another potato NRL protein StNRL-9, containing RxSxS motifs, was found to negatively regulate P. infestans resistance in potato and N. benthamiana. Overexpression of StNRL-9 in potato and N. benthamiana suppresses the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of the PTI marker genes NbWRKY7 and NbWRKY8. Similar to StNRL1, StNRL-9 interacts with the blue light receptors Stphot1 and Stphot2 on the cell membrane and could promote the degradation of a positive immune regulator StSWAP70. However StNRL-9 does not inhibit INF1-mediated cell death (ICD), which is different from the StNRL1 that inhibits ICD, indicating that both StNRL1 and StNRL-9 inhibit plant immunity in diverse ways. This study provides valuable information for further exploration of how plant phototropins and NRL family proteins regulate plant immunity.

蓝光会增强马铃薯对晚疫病病原菌 Phytophthora infestans 的易感性。研究蓝光如何影响马铃薯的晚疫病抗性是探索晚疫病防治新方法的一个有趣方面。蓝光感光蛋白(phot1、phot2)及其下游相互作用蛋白 StNRL1 已被证明对晚疫病抗性有负面调节作用。为了研究马铃薯 NPH3/RPT2-Like(NRL)家族的其他成员是否参与调控晚疫病抗性,本研究重点研究了 C 端含有 RxSxS 基序的马铃薯 NRL 蛋白。研究发现,另一种含有 RxSxS 基序的马铃薯 NRL 蛋白 StNRL-9 能负向调节马铃薯和 N. benthamiana 对 P. infestans 的抗性。在马铃薯和 N. benthamiana 中过表达 StNRL-9 可抑制活性氧(ROS)的积累以及 PTI 标记基因 NbWRKY7 和 NbWRKY8 的表达。与 StNRL1 相似,StNRL-9 与细胞膜上的蓝光受体 Stphot1 和 Stphot2 相互作用,并能促进正免疫调节因子 StSWAP70 的降解。然而 StNRL-9 并不抑制 INF1 介导的细胞死亡(ICD),这与 StNRL1 抑制 ICD 的作用不同,表明 StNRL1 和 StNRL-9 都以不同的方式抑制植物免疫。这项研究为进一步探索植物趋光蛋白和 NRL 家族蛋白如何调控植物免疫提供了宝贵的信息。
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引用次数: 0
In the Spotlight: Journey from a Single Cell to a Flourishing Forest. 聚焦:从单细胞到繁茂森林的旅程。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14609
Haoran Peng
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引用次数: 0
Fighting to thrive via plant growth regulators: Green chemical strategies for drought stress tolerance. 通过植物生长调节剂茁壮成长:抗旱的绿色化学策略
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14605
Ali Raza, Savita Bhardwaj, Md Atikur Rahman, Pedro García-Caparrós, Rhys G R Copeland, Sidra Charagh, Rosa M Rivero, Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan, Francisco J Corpas, Kadambot H M Siddique, Zhangli Hu

As global climate change intensifies, the occurrence and severity of various abiotic stresses will significantly threaten plant health and productivity. Drought stress (DS) is a formidable obstacle, disrupting normal plant functions through specific morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Understanding how plants navigate DS is paramount to mitigating its adverse effects. In response to DS, plants synthesize or accumulate various plant growth regulators (PGRs), including phytohormones, neurotransmitters, gasotransmitters, and polyamines, which present promising sustainable green chemical strategies to adapt or tolerate stress conditions. These PGRs orchestrate crucial plant structure and function adjustments, activating defense systems and modulating cellular-level responses, transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolic genes, and stress-responsive candidate proteins. However, the efficacy of these molecules in mitigating DS depends on the plant species, applied PGR dose, treatment type, duration of DS exposure, and growth stages. Thus, exploring the integrated impact of PGRs on enhancing plant fitness and DS tolerance is crucial for global food security and sustainable agriculture. This review investigates plant responses to DS, explains the potential of exogenously applied diverse PGRs, dissects the complex chemistry among PGRs, and sheds light on omics approaches for harnessing the molecular basis of DS tolerance. This updated review delivers comprehensive mechanistic insights for leveraging various PGRs to enhance overall plant fitness under DS conditions.

随着全球气候变化的加剧,各种非生物胁迫的发生和严重程度将极大地威胁植物的健康和生产力。干旱胁迫(DS)是一个巨大的障碍,它会通过特定的形态、生理、生化和分子机制破坏植物的正常功能。了解植物如何应对干旱胁迫对减轻其不利影响至关重要。为了应对胁迫,植物会合成或积累各种植物生长调节剂(PGRs),包括植物激素、神经递质、气体递质和多胺。这些植物生长调节剂能协调关键的植物结构和功能调整,激活防御系统,调节细胞水平的反应、转录水平、转录因子、代谢基因和胁迫反应候选蛋白。然而,这些分子在缓解 DS 方面的功效取决于植物种类、应用的 PGR 剂量、处理类型、DS 暴露持续时间和生长阶段。因此,探索 PGRs 对提高植物适应性和 DS 耐受力的综合影响对于全球粮食安全和可持续农业至关重要。本综述研究了植物对 DS 的反应,解释了外源施用多种 PGRs 的潜力,剖析了 PGRs 之间复杂的化学关系,并阐明了利用 omics 方法研究 DS 耐受性分子基础的方法。这篇最新综述提供了全面的机理见解,有助于利用各种 PGRs 提高植物在 DS 条件下的整体适应性。
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引用次数: 0
Elucidating light and temperature‐dependent signalling pathways from shoot to root in rice plants: Implications for stress responses 阐明水稻植物从芽到根的光和温度依赖性信号通路对胁迫响应的影响
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14541
Fatemeh Gholizadeh, Sylva Prerostová, Magda Pál, Kinga Benczúr, Kamirán Á. Hamow, Imre Majláth, József Kun, Attila Gyenesei, Péter Urbán, Gabriella Szalai, Radomíra Vanková, Tibor Janda
The main aim of this work was to better understand how the low temperature signal from the leaves may affect the stress responses in the roots, and how the light conditions modify certain stress acclimation processes in rice plants. Rice plants grown at 27°C were exposed to low temperatures (12°C) with different light intensities, and in the case of some groups of plants, only the leaves received the cold, while the roots remained at control temperature. RNA sequencing focusing on the roots of plants grown under normal growth light conditions found 525 differentially expressed genes in different comparisons. Exposure to low temperature led to more down‐regulated than up‐regulated genes. Comparison between roots of the leaf‐stressed plants and whole cold‐treated or control plants revealed that nitrogen metabolism and nitric oxide‐related signalling, as well as the phenylpropanoid‐related processes, were specifically affected. Real‐time PCR results focusing on the COLD1 and polyamine oxidase genes, as well as metabolomics targeting hormonal changes and phenolic compounds also showed that not only cold exposure of the leaves, either alone or together with the roots, but also the light conditions may influence certain stress responses in the roots of rice plants.
这项工作的主要目的是更好地了解来自叶片的低温信号如何影响根部的胁迫反应,以及光照条件如何改变水稻植株的某些胁迫适应过程。在 27 摄氏度条件下生长的水稻植株暴露在不同光照强度的低温(12 摄氏度)环境中,其中一些植株组只让叶片接受低温,而根部则保持在控制温度下。对在正常生长光照条件下生长的植物根部进行的 RNA 测序发现,在不同的比较中,有 525 个基因表达不同。暴露在低温下导致下调的基因多于上调的基因。叶片受压植物的根部与整个冷处理或对照植物的根部进行比较后发现,氮代谢和一氧化氮相关信号以及苯丙氨酸相关过程受到了特别影响。以 COLD1 和多胺氧化酶基因为重点的实时 PCR 结果,以及以激素变化和酚类化合物为目标的代谢组学研究也表明,不仅叶片单独或与根部一起受冷,光照条件也可能影响水稻植株根部的某些胁迫反应。
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引用次数: 0
Glycine betaine: A multifaceted protectant against salt stress in Indian mustard through ionic homeostasis, ROS scavenging and osmotic regulation 甘氨酸甜菜碱:通过离子平衡、清除 ROS 和调节渗透压,从多方面保护印度芥菜免受盐胁迫的影响
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14530
Shaistul Islam, Firoz Mohammad, Adnan Shakeel, Francisco J. Corpas
Salt stress is a prevalent environmental issue that disrupts the redox balance and metabolic processes in plants, leading to reduced crop growth and productivity. Currently, over 6.74 million hectares in India are salt‐affected, and about 75% of this land lies in states that are the major cultivators of edible oilseed crops (rapeseed‐mustard). Therefore, this study focused on the efficacy of glycine betaine (GB) supplementation in mitigating the detrimental effects of salt stress in Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard) plants. Indian mustard plants were subjected to salt stress [0, 50, 100, and 150 mM sodium chloride] 20 days after sowing (DAS), while a foliar spray of 20 mM GB was applied to the foliage at 50 and 70 DAS. The data showed that salt stress substantially reduced growth, photosynthetic rate, membrane stability, and yield by significantly increasing lipid peroxidation, ion toxicity, cell death, electrolyte leakage, and reactive oxygen species accumulation that triggered oxidative stress. Supplementation with 20 mM GB provided tolerance to plants against salt‐induced toxicity since it substantially increased growth, biomass, water content, nutrient uptake, and photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, GB enhances the accumulation of osmolytes, enhances the antioxidant defence system, improves ionic balance, and enhances cell viability. Taken together, the obtained data provides deeper insights into the beneficial effect of the exogenous GB application that could have biotechnological uses to enhance crop stress tolerance in challenging environments.
盐胁迫是一个普遍存在的环境问题,它会破坏植物体内的氧化还原平衡和新陈代谢过程,导致作物生长和产量下降。目前,印度有超过 674 万公顷的土地受盐分影响,其中约 75% 的土地位于主要种植食用油籽作物(油菜籽-芥菜)的邦。因此,本研究重点关注甘氨酸甜菜碱(GB)补充剂在减轻盐胁迫对芸薹属植物(印度芥菜)的有害影响方面的功效。印度芥菜植株在播种后 20 天(DAS)受到盐胁迫[0、50、100 和 150 毫摩尔氯化钠],同时在 50 和 70 DAS 时叶面喷洒 20 毫摩尔 GB。数据显示,盐胁迫会显著增加脂质过氧化、离子毒性、细胞死亡、电解质渗漏和活性氧积累,引发氧化应激,从而大幅降低生长、光合速率、膜稳定性和产量。补充 20 毫摩尔的 GB 能使植物耐受盐引起的毒性,因为它大大提高了植物的生长、生物量、含水量、养分吸收和光合效率。此外,GB 还能促进渗透溶质的积累,增强抗氧化防御系统,改善离子平衡,提高细胞活力。总之,所获得的数据使人们对施用外源 GB 的有益作用有了更深入的了解,这种作用可用于生物技术,以增强作物在挑战性环境中的抗逆性。
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引用次数: 0
Unravelling the role of proline in glyphosate‐mediated toxicity – tolerance mechanism or stress signal? 揭示脯氨酸在草甘膦介导的毒性中的作用--耐受机制还是压力信号?
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14532
Pedro Nadais, Bruno Sousa, Maria Martins, Cláudia Pereira, Ana Marta Pereira, Fernanda Fidalgo, Cristiano Soares
Glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used herbicide, has been regarded as an emergent environmental contaminant due to its constant and cumulative use, with potential harm to non‐target organisms, such as crops, disrupting cells' redox balance. Therefore, plants need to fine‐tune their antioxidant (AOX) mechanisms to thrive under GLY‐contaminated environments. Proline overaccumulation is a common response in plants exposed to GLY, yet its role in GLY‐induced toxicity remains unclear. Thus, this study explores whether Pro overaccumulation in response to GLY is perceived as a downstream tolerance mechanism or an early‐warning stress signal. To investigate this, Arabidopsis thaliana T‐DNA mutant lines for Pro biosynthetic (P5CS1) and catabolic genes (ProDH) were used and screened for their GLY susceptibility. Upon seedlings' exposure to GLY (0.75 mg L−1) for 14 days, the herbicide led to reduced biomass in all genotypes, accompanied by Pro overaccumulation. Mutants with heightened Pro levels (prodh) exhibited the greatest biomass reduction, increased lipid peroxidation (LP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, accompanied by a compromised performance of the AOX system. Conversely, p5cs1–4, mutants with lower Pro levels, demonstrated an enhanced AOX system activation, not only with increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA), but also with increased activity of both ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT). These findings suggest that Pro overaccumulation under GLY exposure is associated with stress sensitivity rather than tolerance, highlighting its potential as an early‐warning signal for GLY toxicity in non‐target plants and for detecting weed resistance.
草甘膦(GLY)是使用最广泛的除草剂,由于其持续和累积使用,已被视为一种新出现的环境污染物,可能对农作物等非目标生物造成危害,破坏细胞的氧化还原平衡。因此,植物需要调整其抗氧化(AOX)机制,以便在 GLY 污染的环境中茁壮成长。脯氨酸过度积累是暴露于 GLY 的植物的常见反应,但其在 GLY 诱导的毒性中的作用仍不清楚。因此,本研究探讨了脯氨酸过度积累对 GLY 的响应是作为一种下游耐受机制还是一种预警胁迫信号。为此,研究人员使用拟南芥 Pro 生物合成基因(P5CS1)和分解基因(ProDH)的 T-DNA 突变株系,并对其对 GLY 的敏感性进行了筛选。幼苗接触 GLY(0.75 mg L-1)14 天后,除草剂导致所有基因型的生物量减少,同时 Pro 过度积累。Pro水平升高的突变体(prodh)表现出最大的生物量减少、脂质过氧化(LP)和过氧化氢(H2O2)水平升高,同时AOX系统的性能也受到影响。相反,Pro 水平较低的突变体 p5cs1-4 的 AOX 系统激活能力增强,不仅谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)水平提高,而且抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性也提高了。这些研究结果表明,Pro 在 GLY 暴露下的过度积累与对胁迫的敏感性而非耐受性有关,突出了其作为 GLY 对非目标植物毒性的早期预警信号和检测杂草抗性的潜力。
{"title":"Unravelling the role of proline in glyphosate‐mediated toxicity – tolerance mechanism or stress signal?","authors":"Pedro Nadais, Bruno Sousa, Maria Martins, Cláudia Pereira, Ana Marta Pereira, Fernanda Fidalgo, Cristiano Soares","doi":"10.1111/ppl.14532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14532","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used herbicide, has been regarded as an emergent environmental contaminant due to its constant and cumulative use, with potential harm to non‐target organisms, such as crops, disrupting cells' redox balance. Therefore, plants need to fine‐tune their antioxidant (AOX) mechanisms to thrive under GLY‐contaminated environments. Proline overaccumulation is a common response in plants exposed to GLY, yet its role in GLY‐induced toxicity remains unclear. Thus, this study explores whether Pro overaccumulation in response to GLY is perceived as a downstream tolerance mechanism or an early‐warning stress signal. To investigate this, <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> T‐DNA mutant lines for Pro biosynthetic (<jats:italic>P5CS1</jats:italic>) and catabolic genes (<jats:italic>ProDH</jats:italic>) were used and screened for their GLY susceptibility. Upon seedlings' exposure to GLY (0.75 mg L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) for 14 days, the herbicide led to reduced biomass in all genotypes, accompanied by Pro overaccumulation. Mutants with heightened Pro levels (<jats:italic>prodh</jats:italic>) exhibited the greatest biomass reduction, increased lipid peroxidation (LP), and hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels, accompanied by a compromised performance of the AOX system. Conversely, <jats:italic>p5cs1–4</jats:italic>, mutants with lower Pro levels, demonstrated an enhanced AOX system activation, not only with increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA), but also with increased activity of both ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT). These findings suggest that Pro overaccumulation under GLY exposure is associated with stress sensitivity rather than tolerance, highlighting its potential as an early‐warning signal for GLY toxicity in non‐target plants and for detecting weed resistance.","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"4 1","pages":"e14532"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic responses of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to drought across diverse plant families 不同植物科叶绿素荧光参数对干旱的动态响应
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14527
Yotam Zait, Or Emma Shemer, Amnon Cochavi
Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement is a quick and efficient tool for plant stress‐level detection. The use of Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), allows the detection of the plant stress level under field conditions. Over the years, several parameters estimating different parts of the chlorophyll and photosystem response were developed to describe the plant stress level. Despite all fluorescence parameters being based on the same measurements, their relationship remains unclear, and their response to drought stress is significantly influenced by the incoming light intensity. In this study, we use six different annual plants from different families, both C3 and C4 photosynthesis types, to describe the plant response to drought through the fluorescence parameters response (NPQ, Y(NPQ), and qN). To describe the dynamic response to drought, we employed light‐response curves, adapting and fitting an equation for each curve to compare the drought response for each fluorescence parameter. The results demonstrated that the non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the quantum yield of non‐photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ)] maximal values decrease when the PSII functionality (Fv/Fm) is lower than ~0.7. The basal fluorescence level ( and remained unaffected by the stress level and stayed stable across the various plants and stress levels. Our results indicate that the response of different stress parameters follows a distinct order under continuous drought. Consequently, monitoring just one parameter during long‐term stress assessments may result in biased analysis outcomes. Incorporating multiple chlorophyll fluorescence parameters offers a more accurate reflection of the plant's stress level.
叶绿素荧光测量是一种快速有效的植物胁迫水平检测工具。使用脉冲幅度调制(PAM)可以在田间条件下检测植物的胁迫程度。多年来,人们开发了多个估算叶绿素和光系统反应不同部分的参数来描述植物胁迫水平。尽管所有荧光参数都是基于相同的测量方法,但它们之间的关系仍不明确,而且它们对干旱胁迫的响应受入射光强度的影响很大。在本研究中,我们利用六种不同科属的一年生植物,包括 C3 和 C4 光合作用类型,通过荧光参数响应(NPQ、Y(NPQ) 和 qN)来描述植物对干旱的响应。为了描述对干旱的动态响应,我们采用了光响应曲线,为每条曲线拟合了一个方程,以比较各荧光参数对干旱的响应。结果表明,当 PSII 功能(Fv/Fm)低于 ~0.7 时,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)和非光化学淬灭量子产率[Y(NPQ)]最大值下降。基础荧光水平(并且不受胁迫水平的影响,在不同植物和胁迫水平下保持稳定。我们的研究结果表明,在持续干旱条件下,不同胁迫参数的反应顺序是不同的。因此,在长期胁迫评估中只监测一个参数可能会导致分析结果出现偏差。结合多个叶绿素荧光参数可以更准确地反映植物的胁迫水平。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing key parameters in simultaneous simulation of rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence and trans‐thylakoid electric potential difference 评估同时模拟叶绿素 a 荧光和跨类囊体电位差快速动力学的关键参数
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14517
Hui Lyu, Dušan Lazár
Our study attempts to address the following questions: among numerous photosynthetic modules, which parameters notably influence the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) rise, the so‐called O‐J‐I‐P transient, in conjunction with the P515 signal, as these two records are easily obtained and widely used in photosynthesis research, and how are these parameters ranked in terms of their importance? These questions might be difficult to answer solely through experimental assays. Therefore, we employed an established photosynthesis model. Firstly, we utilized the model to simulate the measured rapid ChlF rise and P515 kinetics simultaneously. Secondly, we employed the sensitivity analysis (SA) tool by randomly altering model parameters to observe their effects on model output variables. Thirdly, we systematically identified significant parameters for both or one of the kinetics across various scenarios.A novel aspect of our study is the application of the Morris method, a global SA tool, to simultaneously assess the significance of model parameters in shaping both or one of the kinetics. The Morris SA technique enables the quantification of how much a specific parameter affects O‐J‐I‐P transient during particular time intervals (e.g., J, I, and P steps). This allowed us to theoretically analyze which step is more significantly influenced by the parameter.In summary, our study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of photosynthesis kinetics and emphasizing the importance of parameter selection in modelling this process. These findings can inform future research efforts aimed at improving photosynthesis models and advancing our understanding of photosynthetic processes.
我们的研究试图解决以下问题:在众多光合作用模块中,哪些参数会显著影响叶绿素荧光(ChlF)的快速上升,即所谓的 O-J-I-P 瞬态,以及 P515 信号,因为这两种记录很容易获得,并广泛应用于光合作用研究;这些参数的重要性如何排序?这些问题仅靠实验测定可能难以回答。因此,我们采用了一个成熟的光合作用模型。首先,我们利用该模型同时模拟了测量到的 ChlF 快速上升和 P515 动力学。其次,我们使用了敏感性分析(SA)工具,随机改变模型参数,观察它们对模型输出变量的影响。我们这项研究的一个新颖之处在于应用了莫里斯方法(一种全局性的敏感性分析工具)来同时评估模型参数在塑造两种或一种动力学过程中的重要性。Morris SA 技术可以量化特定参数在特定时间间隔(如 J、I 和 P 步骤)内对 O-J-I-P 瞬态的影响程度。总之,我们的研究对光合作用动力学进行了全面分析,并强调了参数选择在模拟这一过程中的重要性,从而为该领域做出了贡献。这些发现可以为今后的研究工作提供参考,从而改进光合作用模型,加深我们对光合作用过程的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Bilberry metabolomic and proteomic profiling during fruit ripening reveals key dynamics affecting fruit quality 山桑子果实成熟过程中的代谢组学和蛋白质组学分析揭示了影响果实质量的关键动态变化
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14534
Nga Nguyen, Ulrich Bergmann, Laura Jaakola, Hely Häggman, Soile Jokipii‐Lukkari, Katalin Toth
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a wild berry species that is prevalent in northern Europe. It is renowned and well‐documented for its nutritional and bioactive properties, especially due to its anthocyanin content. However, an overview of biological systems governing changes in other crucial quality traits, such as size, firmness, and flavours, has received less attention. In the present study, we investigated detailed metabolomic and proteomic profiles at four different ripening stages of bilberry to provide a comprehensive understanding of overall quality during fruit ripening. By integrating omics datasets, we revealed a novel global regulatory network of plant hormones and physiological processes occurring during bilberry ripening. Key physiological processes, such as energy and primary metabolism, strongly correlate with elevated levels of gibberellic acids, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in unripe fruits. In contrast, as the fruit ripened, processes including flavour formation, cell wall modification, seed storage, and secondary metabolism became more prominent, and these were associated with increased abscisic acid levels. An indication of the increase in ethylene biosynthesis was detected during bilberry development, raising questions about the classification of non‐climacteric and climacteric fruits. Our findings extend the current knowledge on the physiological and biochemical processes occurring during fruit ripening, which can serve as a baseline for studies on both wild and commercially grown berry species. Furthermore, our data may facilitate the optimization of storage conditions and breeding programs, as well as the future exploration of beneficial compounds in berries for new applications in food, cosmetics, and medicines.
山桑子(Vaccinium myrtillus L.)是一种野生浆果,盛产于北欧。它因其营养和生物活性特性而闻名遐迩,特别是其花青素含量。然而,有关控制其他重要质量特性(如大小、硬度和风味)变化的生物系统的概述却较少受到关注。在本研究中,我们调查了山桑子四个不同成熟阶段的详细代谢组学和蛋白质组学概况,以全面了解果实成熟过程中的整体质量。通过整合全息数据集,我们揭示了山桑子成熟过程中植物激素和生理过程的新型全球调控网络。能量和初级代谢等关键生理过程与未成熟果实中赤霉素、茉莉酸和水杨酸水平的升高密切相关。相反,随着果实成熟,风味形成、细胞壁改良、种子贮藏和次生代谢等过程变得更加突出,而这些过程与赤霉酸水平的增加有关。在山桑子的发育过程中发现了乙烯生物合成增加的迹象,这就提出了关于非成熟期果实和成熟期果实分类的问题。我们的研究结果扩展了目前对果实成熟过程中发生的生理和生化过程的认识,可作为对野生和商业化种植的浆果物种进行研究的基准。此外,我们的数据还有助于优化贮藏条件和育种计划,以及未来探索浆果中的有益化合物在食品、化妆品和药物中的新应用。
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引用次数: 0
Mutation of KAP, which encodes a keratin‐associated protein, affects grain size and yield production in rice 编码角蛋白相关蛋白的 KAP 基因突变会影响水稻的粒度和产量
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14528
Chunpeng Chen, Weimin Cheng, Hongrui Jiang, Cheng Fang, Wenhao Li, Lingling Peng, Liangzhi Tao, Yue Zhan, Yuejin Wu, Xianzhong Huang, Binmei Liu, Yafeng Ye
Grain size and shape are critical agronomic traits that directly impact rice grain yield. Identifying genes that control these traits can provide new strategies for yield improvement. In this study, we characterized a rice mutant, reduced grain length (rgl), which exhibited decreased grain length due to reduced cell proliferation. Map‐based cloning identified a base deletion in OsRGL2, a gene encoding a keratin‐associated protein (KAP), as the cause of the mutant phenotype. CRISPR‐Cas9‐generated OsRGL2 knockout mutants also displayed reduced grain length, confirming its role. OsRGL2 transcripts were detected in various tissues, with relative higher gene expression in young panicles, and OsRGL2 was localized to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of OsRGL2 increased grain size by promoting cell proliferation in the spikelet hull and significantly enhanced grain yield per plant. Importantly, OsRGL2 was found to interact with RGB1, indicating that OsRGL2 positively regulates grain size and yield through its interaction with RGB1. Additionally, OsRGL2 regulated the expression of cell cycle‐related genes, further elucidating its role in grain development. These findings demonstrate that OsRGL2 is a positive regulator of grain size in rice, and manipulating its expression may offer a novel strategy for enhancing rice grain yield.
谷粒大小和形状是直接影响水稻产量的关键农艺性状。鉴定控制这些性状的基因可以为提高产量提供新的策略。在这项研究中,我们鉴定了一种水稻突变体--谷粒长度减少(rgl),该突变体由于细胞增殖减少而表现出谷粒长度减少。基于图谱的克隆发现,导致突变体表型的原因是编码角蛋白相关蛋白(KAP)的基因 OsRGL2 中的一个碱基缺失。CRISPR-Cas9 产生的 OsRGL2 基因敲除突变体也显示出谷粒长度减少,证实了其作用。OsRGL2转录本在不同组织中均可检测到,幼小圆锥花序中的基因表达量相对较高,OsRGL2定位于质膜。过表达 OsRGL2 可促进穗壳细胞增殖,从而增加谷粒尺寸,并显著提高单株谷粒产量。重要的是,研究发现 OsRGL2 与 RGB1 相互作用,这表明 OsRGL2 通过与 RGB1 的相互作用对谷粒大小和产量起着积极的调节作用。此外,OsRGL2 还调控细胞周期相关基因的表达,进一步阐明了它在谷粒发育中的作用。这些研究结果表明,OsRGL2 是水稻谷粒大小的正向调节因子,操纵其表达可为提高水稻谷粒产量提供一种新策略。
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Physiologia plantarum
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