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The multifaceted role of different SnRK gene family members in regulating multiple abiotic stresses in plants. 不同 SnRK 基因家族成员在调控植物多种非生物胁迫中的多方面作用。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14543
Subhankar Mondal, Alivia Paul, Debasis Mitra, Chinmay Pradhan, Chandra Shekhar Seth, Krishnendu Chattopadhyay, Koushik Chakraborty

Abiotic stresses are a major constraint for agricultural productivity and food security in today's era of climate change. Plants can experience different types of abiotic stresses, either individually or in combination. Sometimes, more than one stress event may occur simultaneously or one after another during the lifecycle of the plant. In general, key survival strategies for stress tolerance may differ from one stress to another. However, at the molecular level, evolutionarily conserved protein kinase SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase (SnRK) gene family members, comprising SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3 gene families, play a key role in different types of stress and adaptive responses. SnRK gene family members can act as master regulators and regulate the central metabolism of plants, which determines the energy distribution in either survival or growth/developmental processes. The key mechanism of SnRK-mediated regulation is associated with the phosphorylation of downstream genes, which either induces or dampens the function of target proteins. This may be crucial for maintaining differential morpho-physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including potassium signalling, ROS homeostasis, sugar signalling, and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, phosphorylation sites associated with different targets were also reviewed, which showed that SnRK-mediated phosphorylation of Serine and Threonine residues of the target protein is a site-specific event, where the target consists of specific amino acid sequences, including RXXS/T, Serine-threonine rich regions, or AMPK/SNF1 types. Here, we review different classes of SnRK gene family members and their multifaceted roles in understanding the commonality of SnRK-mediated responses to multiple abiotic stresses in plants.

在当今气候变化的时代,非生物胁迫是农业生产力和粮食安全的主要制约因素。植物可能单独或同时遭受不同类型的非生物胁迫。在植物的生命周期中,有时可能会同时或相继发生不止一种胁迫事件。一般来说,在不同的胁迫下,植物耐受胁迫的关键生存策略可能会有所不同。不过,在分子水平上,进化保守的蛋白激酶蔗糖不发酵 1(SNF1)相关蛋白激酶(SnRK)基因家族成员(包括 SnRK1、SnRK2 和 SnRK3 基因家族)在不同类型的胁迫和适应性反应中发挥着关键作用。SnRK 基因家族成员可作为主调节因子,调节植物的中枢代谢,从而决定植物生存或生长/发育过程中的能量分配。SnRK 介导调控的关键机制与下游基因的磷酸化有关,磷酸化可诱导或抑制目标蛋白质的功能。这可能是维持植物不同形态生理和生化过程的关键,包括钾信号、ROS 平衡、糖信号和能量平衡。此外,我们还综述了与不同靶标相关的磷酸化位点,结果表明 SnRK 介导的靶蛋白丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基磷酸化是一种位点特异性事件,其中靶标由特定的氨基酸序列组成,包括 RXXS/T、富含丝氨酸-苏氨酸的区域或 AMPK/SNF1 类型。在此,我们回顾了 SnRK 基因家族成员的不同类别及其多方面的作用,以了解 SnRK 介导的植物对多种非生物胁迫反应的共性。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive transcriptome profiling and transcription factor identification in early/late leaf senescence grafts in potato. 马铃薯早期/晚期叶片衰老移植中的综合转录组分析和转录因子鉴定。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14582
Ming He, Boshu Li, Zhiming Hui, Jiangang Liu, Chunsong Bian, Guangcun Li, Liping Jin, Jianfei Xu

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is recognized globally as the most significant non-cereal staple crop. Leaf senescence, which significantly impacts tuber yield, serves as a critical indicator of potato maturity. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain largely unknown. In a previous study, we grafted the early-maturing variety 'Zhongshu 5' (Z5) onto the late-maturing variety 'Zhongshu 18' (Z18), and demonstrated that the rootstock's leaves displayed physiological characteristics suggestive of early senescence. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome data of the Z5 and Z18 grafts to conduct weighted gene co-expression network and gene expression clustering analysis. Differentially expressed genes in cluster 9, as well as the floralwhite module, exhibited markedly elevated expression levels during the onset of leaf senescence. These genes were found to be enriched in several senescence related processes, such as chloroplast organization, electron transport chain, and chlorophyll metabolic process. Furthermore, we constructed transcription factor correlation networks and hub gene co-expression networks. By monitoring the expression patterns of these genes throughout the whole growth period, we identified two candidate genes, StWRKY70 and StNAP, which may play pivotal roles in leaf senescence. This study contributes valuable genetic resources for further investigations into the regulatory mechanism governing potato leaf senescence, with implications for genetic improvements, particularly in terms of maturity and yield.

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是全球公认的最重要的非谷类主食作物。叶片衰老严重影响块茎产量,是马铃薯成熟度的关键指标。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但调控这一过程的分子机制在很大程度上仍不为人所知。在之前的一项研究中,我们将早熟品种'中薯 5 号'(Z5)嫁接到晚熟品种'中薯 18 号'(Z18)上,结果表明砧木的叶片显示出提示早期衰老的生理特征。在此,我们分析了 Z5 和 Z18 嫁接的转录组数据,进行了加权基因共表达网络和基因表达聚类分析。聚类 9 中的差异表达基因以及花白模块在叶片衰老开始时表现出明显的表达水平升高。研究发现,这些基因在叶绿体组织、电子传递链和叶绿素代谢过程等多个与衰老相关的过程中富集。此外,我们还构建了转录因子相关网络和中枢基因共表达网络。通过监测这些基因在整个生长期的表达模式,我们发现了StWRKY70和StNAP这两个候选基因,它们可能在叶片衰老中起着关键作用。这项研究为进一步研究马铃薯叶片衰老的调控机制提供了宝贵的遗传资源,对基因改良,尤其是成熟度和产量方面的基因改良具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Proton Gradient Regulation 5 determines reserve partitioning between starch and lipids in C. reinhardtii. 质子梯度调节 5 决定了 C. reinhardtii 中淀粉和脂质之间的储备分配。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14539
Maureen Saint-Sorny, Alexandra Dimitriades, Florian Delrue, Xenie Johnson

Nutrient deprivation induces reserve accumulation in unicellular algae. An absence of nitrogen in the growth media results in the reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus and triggers an increase in starch and triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation in different algal species. Here we study the integration of photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms with carbon partitioning under N stress in C. reinhardtii. The mutant, proton gradient regulation 5 (pgr5) is impaired in photosynthetic cyclic electron flow resulting in low chloroplastic ATP/NADPH ratios. Over a time course, under both mixotrophic and phototrophic conditions, the pgr5 mutant did not accumulate starch in the first three days, but rather degraded its meagre reserves. In contrast, there was a high TAG content in the pgr5 mutant which we show, is not linked to a selective increase in autophagy in pgr5. In all strains, proteins involved in alternative electron pathways are upregulated while Photosystem II and chlorophyll are strongly degraded; pgr5 only preferentially preserved some cyt b6f complex. Our results show that low ATP/NADPH ratios due to an absence of cyclic electron flow in pgr5 result in the mobilization of starch and strong TAG accumulation from the onset of N stress in Chlamydomonas.

营养匮乏会诱发单细胞藻类的储备积累。在不同的藻类中,生长介质中氮的缺乏会导致光合装置的重组,并引发淀粉和三酰甘油(TAG)积累的增加。在此,我们研究了 C. reinhardtii 在氮胁迫下光合调控机制与碳分配的整合。突变体质子梯度调节 5(pgr5)在光合循环电子流中受损,导致叶绿体 ATP/NADPH 比率较低。在混养和光养条件下,pgr5 突变体在前三天不会积累淀粉,而是降解其微薄的储备。相反,pgr5 突变体的 TAG 含量很高,而我们的研究表明,这与 pgr5 突变体自噬的选择性增加无关。在所有菌株中,参与替代电子途径的蛋白质都发生了上调,而光子系统 II 和叶绿素则发生了强烈降解;pgr5 只优先保留了一些细胞 b6f 复合物。我们的研究结果表明,由于 pgr5 缺乏循环电子流,ATP/NADPH 比率较低,导致衣藻在氮胁迫开始时就动员淀粉和大量积累 TAG。
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引用次数: 0
ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 is a crucial genetic factor shaping the natural diversity of age- and salicylic acid-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. 加速细胞死亡 6 是拟南芥中形成年龄和水杨酸诱导的叶片衰老自然多样性的一个关键遗传因子。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14507
Jae Il Lyu, Jin Hee Kim, Nguyen Nguyen Chuong, Phan Phuong Thao Doan, Hyosub Chu, Seung Hee Baek, Pyung Ok Lim, Jeongsik Kim

Leaf senescence is a crucial process throughout evolution, vital for plant fitness as it facilitates the gradual shift of energy allocation between photosynthesis and catabolism overtime. This onset is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, making senescence a key adaptation mechanism for plants in their natural habitats. Our study investigated the genetic mechanism underlying age-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural populations. Using a phenome high-throughput investigator, we comprehensively analyzed senescence responses across 234 Arabidopsis accessions and identified that environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature) and physiological factors (e.g., defense responses) are substantially linked to senescence phenotypes. Through genome-wide association mapping, we identified the ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) locus as a potential regulator of senescence variation among natural accessions. Knocking out ACD6 in accessions with early and delayed senescence phenotypes resulted in varying degrees of delay in age-induced senescence, highlighting the accession-dependent regulatory role of ACD6 in leaf senescence. Furthermore, our findings suggest ACD6's involvement in senescence regulation via the salicylic acid signaling pathway. In summary, our study sheds light on the genetic regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural populations, with the discovery of ACD6 as a potential candidate for genetic modification to enhance plant adaptation and survival.

叶片衰老是整个进化过程中的一个关键过程,对植物的适应性至关重要,因为它有利于光合作用和分解代谢之间能量分配的逐步转移。衰老的发生受遗传和环境因素复杂的相互作用的影响,因此衰老是植物在自然栖息地的一种关键适应机制。我们的研究调查了拟南芥自然种群中年龄诱导叶片衰老的遗传机制。我们利用表型组高通量研究器全面分析了 234 个拟南芥品种的衰老反应,发现环境因素(如环境温度)和生理因素(如防御反应)与衰老表型有很大关系。通过全基因组关联图谱,我们发现加速细胞死亡 6(ACD6)基因座是天然种间衰老变异的潜在调控因子。在具有早期和延迟衰老表型的品种中敲除 ACD6 会导致不同程度的年龄诱导衰老延迟,这突出表明 ACD6 在叶片衰老中的调控作用与品种有关。此外,我们的研究结果表明 ACD6 通过水杨酸信号途径参与衰老调控。总之,我们的研究揭示了拟南芥自然种群中叶片衰老的遗传调控,并发现 ACD6 是一种潜在的候选基因,可通过基因修饰提高植物的适应性和存活率。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to "An Improved Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly and Population Genetics resource for Populus tremula". 对 "杨树染色体组规模基因组组装和种群遗传学资源的改进 "的更正。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14564
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of exogenous sugars on the biosynthesis of key secondary metabolites in Cyclocarya paliurus. 外源糖对 Cyclocarya paliurus 主要次生代谢物生物合成的调控。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14552
Mengjia Zhang, Yimin Deng, Guorui Xie, Bo Deng, Tingting Zhao, Yafei Yan

The biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites play a vital role in determining the quality of medicinal plants, with carbohydrate metabolism often influencing secondary metabolism. To understand the potential regulatory mechanism, exogenous sugars (sucrose, glucose/fructose) were applied to the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus, a highly valued and multiple function tree species. The results showed that exogenous sugars enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch while increasing the enzyme activity related to carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, the plant height was increased by a mixture of exogenous mixed sugars, the addition of sucrose promoted the net photosynthetic rate, while all types of exogenous sugars facilitated the accumulation of flavonoids and terpenoids. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), two key gene modules and four candidate transcription factors (TFs) related to carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were identified. A correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolome data showed that exogenous sugar up-regulated the expression of key structural genes in the flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. The expression levels of the four candidate TFs, TIFY 10A, WRKY 7, EIL 3 and RF2a, were induced by exogenous sugar and were strongly correlated with the key structural genes, which enhanced the synthesis of specific secondary metabolites and some plant hormone signal pathways. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of key factors in the quality formation of medicinal plants and a potential approach to improve the quality.

次生代谢产物的生物合成和积累对药用植物的品质起着至关重要的作用,而碳水化合物代谢往往会影响次生代谢。为了了解潜在的调控机制,研究人员向 Cyclocarya paliurus(一种具有多种功能的高价值树种)的叶片施加了外源糖类(蔗糖、葡萄糖/果糖)。结果表明,外源糖促进了可溶性糖和淀粉的积累,同时提高了与碳水化合物代谢有关的酶的活性。此外,外源混合糖混合物增加了植株高度,蔗糖的添加促进了净光合速率,而所有类型的外源糖都促进了类黄酮和萜类化合物的积累。基于加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),确定了与碳水化合物代谢和次生代谢物生物合成相关的两个关键基因模块和四个候选转录因子(TFs)。转录组和代谢组数据之间的相关性分析表明,外源糖能上调黄酮类和萜类化合物生物合成途径中关键结构基因的表达。TIFY 10A、WRKY 7、EIL 3和RF2a这4个候选TFs的表达水平受外源糖诱导,并与关键结构基因密切相关,从而增强了特定次生代谢产物和一些植物激素信号通路的合成。我们的研究结果有助于全面了解药用植物品质形成的关键因素,并为提高药用植物品质提供了一种潜在的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Tissue-Specific Glycosylation of Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids in Toxicodendron vernicifluum. 转录组和代谢组分析揭示了Toxicodendron vernicifluum中苯丙酮类和黄酮类化合物的组织特异性糖基化。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14545
Aiguo Zhao, Yuxi He, Ruixiang Sun, DongDong Xie, Hangyu Bai, Feng Han, Xiaohua Huang, Haitang Wu, Chaobin Liu

Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley is a tree species used primarily for lacquer production. Our study utilized transcriptome and metabolomic analysis to investigate the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, specifically the glycosylated forms, in T. vernicifluum roots, stems, and leaves. HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 186 compounds, with tissue-specific distributions revealed by PCA. Flavonoids and phenylpropanoids glycosides were significantly more abundant in leaves compared with roots and stems. Full-length sequencing uncovered 17,266 transcripts in T. vernicifluum. Gene expression analysis showed higher activity of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in leaves. Certain genes, such as CYP73A, 4CL, CRR, CYP84A/F5H, and CYP93C, displayed associations with compound content distributions. Root tissue exhibited a higher concentration of isoflavones. Notably, glycosyltransferase expression demonstrated significant correlations with glycosylated compounds' content. Biochemical validation confirmed the involvement of TvPB_c0_g2904, encoding a UDP-glucosyltransferase, in genistin biosynthesis in T. vernicifluum.

Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley 是一种主要用于生产漆的树种。我们的研究利用转录组和代谢组分析,研究了T. vernicifluum根、茎和叶中苯丙酮类和黄酮类化合物的生物合成,特别是糖基化形式。HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS 鉴定出 186 种化合物,PCA 揭示了这些化合物在组织中的特异性分布。与根和茎相比,叶中的黄酮类化合物和苯丙苷类化合物明显更多。全长测序在 T. vernicifluum 中发现了 17,266 个转录本。基因表达分析表明,叶片中苯丙苷类和黄酮类生物合成途径的活性更高。某些基因,如 CYP73A、4CL、CRR、CYP84A/F5H 和 CYP93C,与化合物含量分布有关。根组织的异黄酮含量较高。值得注意的是,糖基转移酶的表达与糖基化化合物的含量有显著的相关性。生化验证证实,TvPB_c0_g2904(编码 UDP-糖基转移酶)参与了 T. vernicifluum 的染料木素生物合成。
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引用次数: 0
An Improved Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly and Population Genetics resource for Populus tremula. 经改进的震旦杨染色体组规模基因组组装和种群遗传学资源。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14511
Kathryn M Robinson, Bastian Schiffthaler, Hui Liu, Sara M Rydman, Martha Rendón-Anaya, Teitur Ahlgren Kalman, Vikash Kumar, Camilla Canovi, Carolina Bernhardsson, Nicolas Delhomme, Jerry Jenkins, Jing Wang, Niklas Mähler, Kerstin H Richau, Victoria Stokes, Stuart A'Hara, Joan Cottrell, Kizi Coeck, Tim Diels, Klaas Vandepoele, Chanaka Mannapperuma, Eung-Jun Park, Stephane Plaisance, Stefan Jansson, Pär K Ingvarsson, Nathaniel R Street

Aspen (Populus tremula L.) is a keystone species and a model system for forest tree genomics. We present an updated resource comprising a chromosome-scale assembly, population genetics and genomics data. Using the resource, we explore the genetic basis of natural variation in leaf size and shape, traits with complex genetic architecture. We generated the genome assembly using long-read sequencing, optical and high-density genetic maps. We conducted whole-genome resequencing of the Umeå Aspen (UmAsp) collection. Using the assembly and re-sequencing data from the UmAsp, Swedish Aspen (SwAsp) and Scottish Aspen (ScotAsp) collections we performed genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for 26 leaf physiognomy phenotypes. We conducted Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-Seq), identified genomic regions of accessible chromatin, and subset SNPs to these regions, improving the GWAS detection rate. We identified candidate long non-coding RNAs in leaf samples, quantified their expression in an updated co-expression network, and used this to explore the functions of candidate genes identified from the GWAS. A GWAS found SNP associations for seven traits. The associated SNPs were in or near genes annotated with developmental functions, which represent candidates for further study. Of particular interest was a ~177-kbp region harbouring associations with several leaf phenotypes in ScotAsp. We have incorporated the assembly, population genetics, genomics, and GWAS data into the PlantGenIE.org web resource, including updating existing genomics data to the new genome version, to enable easy exploration and visualisation. We provide all raw and processed data to facilitate reuse in future studies.

杨树(Populus tremula L.)是森林树木基因组学的关键物种和模型系统。我们展示了一个更新的资源,其中包括染色体组规模的组装、群体遗传学和基因组学数据。利用该资源,我们探索了具有复杂遗传结构的叶片大小和形状等性状自然变异的遗传基础。我们利用长线程测序、光学和高密度基因图谱生成了基因组组装。我们对Umeå Aspen(UmAsp)收集物进行了全基因组重测序。利用来自UmAsp、瑞典杨树(SwAsp)和苏格兰杨树(ScotAsp)的组装和重测序数据,我们使用单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)对26种叶片生理表型进行了全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。我们进行了转座酶可访问染色质测序(ATAC-Seq),确定了可访问染色质的基因组区域,并将 SNPs 子集到这些区域,从而提高了 GWAS 的检测率。我们确定了叶片样本中的候选长非编码 RNA,在更新的共表达网络中量化了它们的表达,并以此来探索从 GWAS 中确定的候选基因的功能。GWAS 发现了七个性状的 SNP 关联。相关的 SNP 位于或靠近注释为具有发育功能的基因,这些基因是进一步研究的候选基因。尤其令人感兴趣的是,一个约 177 kbp 的区域与 ScotAsp 的几种叶片表型有关。我们已将组装、群体遗传学、基因组学和 GWAS 数据纳入 PlantGenIE.org 网络资源,包括将现有基因组学数据更新为新的基因组版本,以便于探索和可视化。我们提供所有原始数据和处理过的数据,以方便在未来的研究中重复使用。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive analysis of hairpin small RNAs involved in resistance and pathogenesis during wheat-Puccinia triticina interactions. 全面分析小麦-三尖杉菌相互作用过程中参与抗性和致病的发夹式小 RNA。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14516
Uzma Afreen, Anjali Pandey, Shailendra Kumar Jha, Manish Kumar, Kunal Mukhopadhyay

Wheat leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), severely affects the grain quality and quantity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Hairpin small(s)RNAs, like micro(mi)RNAs and their variants [including isomiRNAs (isomiRs) and microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs)], along with their corresponding target genes, bestow leaf rust disease resistance, development and progression from both interacting species. However, the regulatory networks remain inadequately understood. Thirteen differentially expressed novel miRNAs, including two isomiRs and three milRNAs were discerned from induced reads of wheat sRNA libraries, and a further 5,393 and 1,275 candidate target genes were predicted in wheat and Pt, respectively. Functional annotation divulged that wheat-originated miRNAs/isomiRs were involved in resistance, while Pt-derived milRNAs imparted pathogenesis. The identified milRNAs- Tae-Pt-milR5, Tae-Pt-milR12, and Tae-Pt-milR14b and their cleavage sites on Pt target gene MEP5 were confirmed through degradome library screening, suggesting cross-kingdom translocation of Pt virulent genes in wheat host. Co-expression analysis of miRNAs/isomiRs-target genes provided insights into combating leaf rust disease, while co-expression analysis of milRNAs-target gene pairs reflected the extent of pathogenicity exerted by Pt with varied expression levels at the analyzed time points. The analysis pinpointed leaf rust-responsive candidate hairpin sRNAs- Tae-miR8, Tae-Pt-miR12, Tae-Pt-miR14a, and Tae-Pt-miR14b in wheat and Tae-Pt-milR12 in Pt. This study provides new insights into the hairpin sRNAs involved in the resistance and pathogenesis of wheat and Pt, respectively. Furthermore, crucial hairpin sRNAs and their promising targets for future biotechnological interventions to augment stress resilience have been identified.

由真菌 Puccinia triticina(Pt)引起的小麦叶锈病严重影响面包小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的籽粒质量和产量。 发夹型小 RNA,如 micro(mi)RNA 及其变体[包括 isomiRNAs(isomiRs)和 microRNA-like RNAs(milRNAs)],连同其相应的靶基因,赋予叶锈病抗病性,以及两种相互作用物种的发育和发展。然而,对其调控网络的了解仍然不足。研究人员从小麦 sRNA 文库的诱导读数中发现了 13 个差异表达的新型 miRNA,包括 2 个异RNA 和 3 个 milRNA,并分别预测了小麦和铂中的 5,393 和 1,275 个候选靶基因。功能注释表明,小麦起源的 miRNAs/isomiRs 参与了抗性,而铂起源的 milRNAs 传导了致病机理。通过降解组文库筛选,确认了已鉴定的milRNAs--Tae-Pt-milR5、Tae-Pt-milR12和Tae-Pt-milR14b及其在Pt靶基因MEP5上的裂解位点,这表明Pt毒力基因在小麦宿主中的跨域转位。miRNAs/isomiRs-靶基因的共表达分析为防治叶锈病提供了启示,而milRNAs-靶基因对的共表达分析则反映了Pt的致病程度,在分析时间点的表达水平各不相同。该分析确定了对叶锈病有响应的候选发夹状 sRNA--小麦中的 Tae-miR8、Tae-Pt-miR12、Tae-Pt-miR14a 和 Tae-Pt-miR14b,以及铂中的 Tae-Pt-milR12。此外,研究还发现了一些关键的发夹状 sRNAs 及其有望用于未来生物技术干预以增强抗逆性的靶标。
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引用次数: 0
Basal ABA signaling balances transpiration and photosynthesis. 基础 ABA 信号平衡蒸腾作用和光合作用。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14494
Gaston A Pizzio, Cristian Mayordomo, Jonatan Illescas-Miranda, Alberto Coego, Mar Bono, Mayra Sanchez-Olvera, Constanza Martin-Vasquez, Kajal Samantara, Ebe Merilo, Javier Forment, Juan Carlos Estevez, Sergio G Nebauer, Pedro L Rodriguez

The balance between the CO2 entry for photosynthesis and transpiration water loss is crucial for plant growth, and ABA signaling can affect this equilibrium. To test how ABA balances plant growth and environmental adaptation, we performed molecular genetics studies in the biotech crop Nicotiana benthamiana under well-watered or drought conditions. Studies on ABA signaling in crops are complicated by the multigenic nature of the PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family and its functional redundancy, which is particularly challenging in polyploid plants. We have generated a pentuple pyl mutant in the allotetraploid Nicotiana benthamiana through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. The pentuple mutant is impaired in 2 NbPYL1-like and 3 NbPYL8-like receptors, affecting the regulation of transpiration and several ABA-dependent transcriptional processes. RNA-seq and metabolite analysis revealed that the synthesis of galactinol, an essential precursor for the osmoprotective raffinose family of oligosaccharides, is ABA-dependent and impaired in the mutant under osmotic stress. In contrast, our results show that, under well-watered conditions, partial inactivation of ABA signaling leads to higher CO2 entry and photosynthesis in the mutant than in WT. Photosynthesis analyses revealed an increased CO2 diffusion capacity mediated by higher stomatal and mesophyll conductances, and higher substomatal CO2 concentration in the pentuple mutant. RNA-seq analyses revealed that genes associated with cell wall loosening (e.g., expansins) and porosity were strongly downregulated by ABA in WT. In summary, a partial relief of the ABA control on transpiration mediated by ABA receptors positively affects photosynthesis when water is not limited, at the expense of reduced water use efficiency.

用于光合作用的二氧化碳输入与蒸腾失水之间的平衡对植物生长至关重要,而 ABA 信号可影响这种平衡。为了测试 ABA 如何平衡植物生长和环境适应,我们在水分充足或干旱条件下对生物技术作物烟草本甘蓝(Nicotiana benthamiana)进行了分子遗传学研究。由于PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA受体家族的多基因性质及其功能冗余,作物中的ABA信号研究变得复杂,这在多倍体植物中尤其具有挑战性。我们通过 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术在异源四倍体烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)中产生了一个五倍体 pyl 突变体。该五倍体突变体的 2 个 NbPYL1 样受体和 3 个 NbPYL8 样受体受损,影响了蒸腾作用和多个 ABA 依赖性转录过程的调控。RNA-seq 和代谢物分析表明,半乳糖苷(具有渗透保护作用的棉子糖系列低聚糖的重要前体)的合成依赖于 ABA,在渗透胁迫下,突变体的半乳糖苷合成受损。相反,我们的结果表明,在水分充足的条件下,ABA 信号的部分失活导致突变体的二氧化碳进入量和光合作用高于 WT。光合作用分析表明,五倍体突变体通过提高气孔和叶肉间传导以及提高气孔下CO2浓度,提高了CO2扩散能力。RNA-seq 分析显示,与细胞壁松弛(如扩张素)和多孔性相关的基因在 WT 中受到 ABA 的强烈下调。总之,当水分不受限制时,由 ABA 受体介导的 ABA 对蒸腾作用控制的部分缓解会对光合作用产生积极影响,但代价是水分利用效率降低。
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Physiologia plantarum
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