Main conclusion: A mutation was first found to cause the great generation of glutelin precursors (proglutelins) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm, and thus referred to as GPGG1. The GPGG1 was involved in synthesis and compartmentation of storage proteins. The PPR-like gene in GPGG1-mapped region was determined as its candidate gene. In the wild type rice, glutelins and prolamins are synthesized on respective subdomains of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and intracellularly compartmentalized into different storage protein bodies. In this study, a storage protein mutant was obtained and characterized by the great generation of proglutelins combining with the lacking of 13 kD prolamins. A dominant genic-mutation, referred to as GPGG1, was clarified to result in the proteinous alteration. Novel saccular composite-ER was shown to act in the synthesis of proglutelins and 14 kD prolamins in the mutant. Additionally, a series of organelles including newly occurring several compartments were shown to function in the transfer, trans-plasmalemmal transport, delivery, deposition and degradation of storage proteins in the mutant. The GPGG1 gene was mapped to a 67.256 kb region of chromosome 12, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-like gene in this region was detected to contain mutational sites.
{"title":"Involvement of a rice mutation in storage protein biogenesis in endosperm and its genomic location.","authors":"Huaidong Tian, Ying Li, Yanping Guo, Yajuan Qu, Xiaoye Zhang, Xiaoxian Zhao, Xinya Chang, Baohua Tian, Guangyuan Wang, Xiangmei Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04452-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04452-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>A mutation was first found to cause the great generation of glutelin precursors (proglutelins) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm, and thus referred to as GPGG1. The GPGG1 was involved in synthesis and compartmentation of storage proteins. The PPR-like gene in GPGG1-mapped region was determined as its candidate gene. In the wild type rice, glutelins and prolamins are synthesized on respective subdomains of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and intracellularly compartmentalized into different storage protein bodies. In this study, a storage protein mutant was obtained and characterized by the great generation of proglutelins combining with the lacking of 13 kD prolamins. A dominant genic-mutation, referred to as GPGG1, was clarified to result in the proteinous alteration. Novel saccular composite-ER was shown to act in the synthesis of proglutelins and 14 kD prolamins in the mutant. Additionally, a series of organelles including newly occurring several compartments were shown to function in the transfer, trans-plasmalemmal transport, delivery, deposition and degradation of storage proteins in the mutant. The GPGG1 gene was mapped to a 67.256 kb region of chromosome 12, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-like gene in this region was detected to contain mutational sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: We have developed and optimized a rapid, versatile Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system for cannabis seedlings that can be used in functional genomics studies of both hemp-type and drug-type cannabis. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) holds great promise in the medical and food industries due to its diverse chemical composition, including specialized cannabinoids. However, the study of key genes involved in various biological processes, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, has been hampered by the lack of efficient in vivo functional analysis methods. Here, we present a novel, short-cycle, high-efficiency transformation method for cannabis seedlings using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We used the RUBY reporter system to monitor transformation results without the need for chemical treatments or specialized equipment. Four strains of A. tumefaciens (GV3101, EHA105, LBA4404, and AGL1) were evaluated for transformation efficiency, with LBA4404 and AGL1 showing superior performance. The versatility of the system was further demonstrated by successful transformation with GFP and GUS reporter genes. In addition, syringe infiltration was explored as an alternative to vacuum infiltration, offering simplicity and efficiency for high-throughput applications. Our method allows rapid and efficient in vivo transformation of cannabis seedlings, facilitating large-scale protein expression and high-throughput characterization studies.
{"title":"A versatile, rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system for functional genomics studies in cannabis seedling.","authors":"Minxuan Li, Qinqin Wu, Foqin Guo, Yuzeng Ouyang, Deyong Ao, Shijun You, Yuanyuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04448-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04448-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>We have developed and optimized a rapid, versatile Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system for cannabis seedlings that can be used in functional genomics studies of both hemp-type and drug-type cannabis. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) holds great promise in the medical and food industries due to its diverse chemical composition, including specialized cannabinoids. However, the study of key genes involved in various biological processes, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, has been hampered by the lack of efficient in vivo functional analysis methods. Here, we present a novel, short-cycle, high-efficiency transformation method for cannabis seedlings using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We used the RUBY reporter system to monitor transformation results without the need for chemical treatments or specialized equipment. Four strains of A. tumefaciens (GV3101, EHA105, LBA4404, and AGL1) were evaluated for transformation efficiency, with LBA4404 and AGL1 showing superior performance. The versatility of the system was further demonstrated by successful transformation with GFP and GUS reporter genes. In addition, syringe infiltration was explored as an alternative to vacuum infiltration, offering simplicity and efficiency for high-throughput applications. Our method allows rapid and efficient in vivo transformation of cannabis seedlings, facilitating large-scale protein expression and high-throughput characterization studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: A callus-specific CRISPR/Cas9 (CSC) system with Cas9 gene driven by the promoters of ZmCTA1 and ZmPLTP reduces somatic mutations and improves the production of heritable mutations in maize. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, due to its editing accuracy, provides an excellent tool for crop genetic breeding. Nevertheless, the traditional design utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 with ubiquitous expression leads to an abundance of somatic mutations, thereby complicating the detection of heritable mutations. We constructed a callus-specific CRISPR/Cas9 (CSC) system using callus-specific promoters of maize Chitinase A1 and Phospholipid transferase protein (pZmCTA1 and pZmPLTP) to drive Cas9 expression, and the target gene chosen for this study was the bZIP transcription factor Opaque2 (O2). The CRISPR/Cas9 system driven by the maize Ubiquitin promoter (pZmUbi) was employed as a comparative control. Editing efficiency analysis based on high-throughput tracking of mutations (Hi-TOM) showed that the CSC systems generated more target gene mutations than the ubiquitously expressed CRISPR/Cas9 (UC) system in calli. Transgenic plants were generated for the CSC and UC systems. We found that the CSC systems generated fewer target gene mutations than the UC system in the T0 seedlings but reduced the influence of somatic mutations. Nearly 100% of mutations in the T1 generation generated by the CSC systems were derived from the T0 plants. Only 6.3-16.7% of T1 mutations generated by the UC system were from the T0 generation. Our results demonstrated that the CSC system consistently produced more stable, heritable mutants in the subsequent generation, suggesting its potential application across various crops to facilitate the genetic breeding of desired mutations.
{"title":"Callus-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system to increase heritable gene mutations in maize.","authors":"Yuan Shi, Jing Wang, Tante Yu, Rentao Song, Weiwei Qi","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04451-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04451-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>A callus-specific CRISPR/Cas9 (CSC) system with Cas9 gene driven by the promoters of ZmCTA1 and ZmPLTP reduces somatic mutations and improves the production of heritable mutations in maize. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, due to its editing accuracy, provides an excellent tool for crop genetic breeding. Nevertheless, the traditional design utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 with ubiquitous expression leads to an abundance of somatic mutations, thereby complicating the detection of heritable mutations. We constructed a callus-specific CRISPR/Cas9 (CSC) system using callus-specific promoters of maize Chitinase A1 and Phospholipid transferase protein (pZmCTA1 and pZmPLTP) to drive Cas9 expression, and the target gene chosen for this study was the bZIP transcription factor Opaque2 (O2). The CRISPR/Cas9 system driven by the maize Ubiquitin promoter (pZmUbi) was employed as a comparative control. Editing efficiency analysis based on high-throughput tracking of mutations (Hi-TOM) showed that the CSC systems generated more target gene mutations than the ubiquitously expressed CRISPR/Cas9 (UC) system in calli. Transgenic plants were generated for the CSC and UC systems. We found that the CSC systems generated fewer target gene mutations than the UC system in the T0 seedlings but reduced the influence of somatic mutations. Nearly 100% of mutations in the T1 generation generated by the CSC systems were derived from the T0 plants. Only 6.3-16.7% of T1 mutations generated by the UC system were from the T0 generation. Our results demonstrated that the CSC system consistently produced more stable, heritable mutants in the subsequent generation, suggesting its potential application across various crops to facilitate the genetic breeding of desired mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: Wheat lines harboring wild-relative chromosomes can be karyotypically unstable during long-term maintenance. Tissue culture exacerbates chromosomal instability but appears inefficient to induce somatic homoeologous exchange between alien and wheat chromosomes. We assessed if long-term refrigerator storage with regular renewal via self-fertilization, a widely used practice for crop germplasm maintenance, would ensure genetic fidelity of alien addition lines, and explored the possibility of inducing somatic homoeologues exchange by tissue culture. We cytogenetically characterized sampled stock seeds of originally confirmed 12 distinct wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien addition lines (dubbed TAI lines), and subjected immature embryos of the TAI lines to tissue culture. We find eight of the 12 TAI lines were karyotypically departed from their original identity as bona fide disomic alien addition lines due to extensive loss of whole-chromosomes of both Th. intermedium and wheat origins during the ca. 3-decade storage. Rampant numerical chromosome variations (NCVs) involving both alien and wheat chromosomes were detected in regenerated plants of all 12 studied TAI lines, but at variable rates among the wheat sub-genomes and chromosomes. Compared with NCVs, structural chromosome variations (SCVs) occurred at substantially lower rates, and no SCV involving the added alien chromosomes was observed. The NCVs manifested only moderate effects on phenotypes of the regenerated plants under field conditions.
主要结论在长期保持过程中,携带野生相关染色体的小麦品系可能会出现核型不稳定。组织培养会加剧染色体的不稳定性,但似乎不能有效诱导外来染色体与小麦染色体之间的体细胞同源交换。我们评估了长期冷藏保存并通过自交定期更新(一种广泛用于作物种质维护的做法)能否确保外来加系的遗传保真度,并探索了通过组织培养诱导体细胞同源染色体交换的可能性。我们对最初确认的 12 个不同的小麦-Thinopyrum intermedium 外来加系(被称为 TAI 系)的原种种子进行了细胞遗传学鉴定,并对 TAI 系的未成熟胚胎进行了组织培养。我们发现,在 12 个 TAI 品系中,有 8 个品系的核型偏离了它们作为真正的双组异源加系的原始身份,原因是在大约 3 年的储存过程中,Th. intermedium 和小麦起源的全染色体大量丢失。在约 3 年的储存过程中,Th. intermedium 和小麦起源的全染色体大量丢失。在所有 12 个所研究的 TAI 品系的再生植株中,都检测到了涉及外来染色体和小麦染色体的猖獗的染色体数目变异(NCVs),但小麦亚基因组和染色体之间的变异率各不相同。与 NCVs 相比,染色体结构变异(SCVs)的发生率要低得多,而且没有观察到涉及添加的外来染色体的 SCVs。在田间条件下,NCV 只对再生植株的表型产生适度影响。
{"title":"Spontaneous chromosome instability and tissue culture-induced karyotypic alteration in wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien addition lines.","authors":"Bahaa Abugammie, Ruisi Wang, Yue Hu, Jinsong Pang, Yushi Luan, Bao Liu, Lily Jiang, Ruili Lv","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04450-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04450-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Wheat lines harboring wild-relative chromosomes can be karyotypically unstable during long-term maintenance. Tissue culture exacerbates chromosomal instability but appears inefficient to induce somatic homoeologous exchange between alien and wheat chromosomes. We assessed if long-term refrigerator storage with regular renewal via self-fertilization, a widely used practice for crop germplasm maintenance, would ensure genetic fidelity of alien addition lines, and explored the possibility of inducing somatic homoeologues exchange by tissue culture. We cytogenetically characterized sampled stock seeds of originally confirmed 12 distinct wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien addition lines (dubbed TAI lines), and subjected immature embryos of the TAI lines to tissue culture. We find eight of the 12 TAI lines were karyotypically departed from their original identity as bona fide disomic alien addition lines due to extensive loss of whole-chromosomes of both Th. intermedium and wheat origins during the ca. 3-decade storage. Rampant numerical chromosome variations (NCVs) involving both alien and wheat chromosomes were detected in regenerated plants of all 12 studied TAI lines, but at variable rates among the wheat sub-genomes and chromosomes. Compared with NCVs, structural chromosome variations (SCVs) occurred at substantially lower rates, and no SCV involving the added alien chromosomes was observed. The NCVs manifested only moderate effects on phenotypes of the regenerated plants under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04403-4
C Douglas Moore, Dudley I Farman, Tiina Särkinen, Philip C Stevenson, Mario Vallejo-Marín
Main conclusion: One of seven Solanum taxa studied displayed associations between pollen presence and floral scent composition and volume, suggesting buzz-pollinated plants rarely use scent as an honest cue for foraging pollinators. Floral scent influences the recruitment, learning, and behaviour of floral visitors. Variation in floral scent can provide information on the amount of reward available or whether a flower has been visited recently and may be particularly important in species with visually concealed rewards. In many buzz-pollinated flowers, tubular anthers opening via small apical pores (poricidal anthers) visually conceal pollen and appear similar regardless of pollen quantity within the anther. We investigated whether pollen removal changes floral scent composition and emission rate in seven taxa of buzz-pollinated Solanum (Solanaceae). We found that pollen removal reduced both the overall emission of floral scent and the emission of specific compounds (linalool and farnesol) in S. lumholtzianum. Our findings suggest that in six out of seven buzz-pollinated taxa studied here, floral scent could not be used as a signal by visitors as it does not contain information on pollen availability.
{"title":"Floral scent changes in response to pollen removal are rare in buzz-pollinated Solanum.","authors":"C Douglas Moore, Dudley I Farman, Tiina Särkinen, Philip C Stevenson, Mario Vallejo-Marín","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04403-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04403-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>One of seven Solanum taxa studied displayed associations between pollen presence and floral scent composition and volume, suggesting buzz-pollinated plants rarely use scent as an honest cue for foraging pollinators. Floral scent influences the recruitment, learning, and behaviour of floral visitors. Variation in floral scent can provide information on the amount of reward available or whether a flower has been visited recently and may be particularly important in species with visually concealed rewards. In many buzz-pollinated flowers, tubular anthers opening via small apical pores (poricidal anthers) visually conceal pollen and appear similar regardless of pollen quantity within the anther. We investigated whether pollen removal changes floral scent composition and emission rate in seven taxa of buzz-pollinated Solanum (Solanaceae). We found that pollen removal reduced both the overall emission of floral scent and the emission of specific compounds (linalool and farnesol) in S. lumholtzianum. Our findings suggest that in six out of seven buzz-pollinated taxa studied here, floral scent could not be used as a signal by visitors as it does not contain information on pollen availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04449-4
Acga Cheng, Najiah Mohd Sadali, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Ahmet Uludag
Main conclusion: Significant past, present, and potential future research into the organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes of gymnosperms that can provide insight into the unknown origin and evolution of plants is highlighted. Gymnosperms are vascular seed plants that predominated the ancient world before their sister clade, angiosperms, took over during the Late Cretaceous. The divergence of gymnosperms and angiosperms took place around 300 Mya, with the latter evolving into the diverse group of flowering plants that dominate the plant kingdom today. Although gymnosperms have reportedly made some evolutionary innovations, the literature on their genome advances, particularly their organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes, is relatively scattered and fragmented. While organellar genomes can shed light on plant origin and evolution, they are frequently overlooked, due in part to their limited contribution to gene expression and lack of evolutionary dynamics when compared to nuclear genomes. A better understanding of gymnosperm organellar genomes is critical because they reveal genetic changes that have contributed to their unique adaptations and ecological success, potentially aiding in plant survival, enhancement, and biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change. This review reveals significant information and gaps in the existing knowledge base of organellar genomes in gymnosperms, as well as the challenges and research needed to unravel their complexity.
{"title":"Piece and parcel of gymnosperm organellar genomes.","authors":"Acga Cheng, Najiah Mohd Sadali, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Ahmet Uludag","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04449-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04449-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Significant past, present, and potential future research into the organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes of gymnosperms that can provide insight into the unknown origin and evolution of plants is highlighted. Gymnosperms are vascular seed plants that predominated the ancient world before their sister clade, angiosperms, took over during the Late Cretaceous. The divergence of gymnosperms and angiosperms took place around 300 Mya, with the latter evolving into the diverse group of flowering plants that dominate the plant kingdom today. Although gymnosperms have reportedly made some evolutionary innovations, the literature on their genome advances, particularly their organellar (plastid and mitochondrial) genomes, is relatively scattered and fragmented. While organellar genomes can shed light on plant origin and evolution, they are frequently overlooked, due in part to their limited contribution to gene expression and lack of evolutionary dynamics when compared to nuclear genomes. A better understanding of gymnosperm organellar genomes is critical because they reveal genetic changes that have contributed to their unique adaptations and ecological success, potentially aiding in plant survival, enhancement, and biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change. This review reveals significant information and gaps in the existing knowledge base of organellar genomes in gymnosperms, as well as the challenges and research needed to unravel their complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Main conclusion: PM3 and PM8 alleles carried by two CIMMYT wheat lines confer powdery mildew resistance in seedlings and/or adult plants. A stage-specific epistatic interaction was observed between PM3 and PM8. Powdery mildew is an important foliar disease of wheat. Major genes for resistance, which have been widely used in wheat breeding programs, are typically effective against only limited numbers of virulence genes of the pathogen. The main aim of this study was to map resistance loci in wheat lines 7HRWSN58 and ZWW09-149 from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Doubled haploid populations (Magenta/7HRWSN58 and Emu Rock/ZWW09-149) were developed and grown in controlled environment experiments and inoculated with a composite of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici isolates that had been collected at various locations in Western Australia. Plants were assessed for powdery mildew symptoms (percentage leaf area diseased) on seedlings and adult plants. Populations were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing and assayed for known SNPs in the resistance gene PM3. Linkage maps were constructed, and markers were anchored to the wheat reference genome sequence. In both populations, there were asymptomatic lines that exhibited no symptoms. Among symptomatic lines, disease severity varied widely. In the Magenta/7HRWSN58 population, most of the observed variation was attributed to the PM3 region of chromosome 1A, with the allele from 7HRWSN58 conferring resistance in seedlings and adult plants. In the Emu Rock/ZWW09-149 population, two interacting quantitative trait loci were mapped: one at PM3 and the other on chromosome 1B. The Emu Rock/ZWW09-149 population was confirmed to segregate for a 1BL·1RS translocation that carries the PM8 powdery mildew resistance gene from rye. Consistent with previous reports that PM8-derived resistance can be suppressed by PM3 alleles, the observed interaction between the quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B indicated that the PM3 allele carried by ZWW09-149 suppresses PM8-derived resistance from ZWW09-149, but only at the seedling stage. In adult plants, the PM8 region conferred resistance regardless of the PM3 genotype. The resistance sources and molecular markers that were investigated here could be useful in wheat breeding.
{"title":"Genetic mapping of loci affecting seedling and adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew derived from two CIMMYT wheat lines.","authors":"Hossein Golzar, Manisha Shankar, Beata Sznajder, Rebecca Fox, Karyn Reeves, Diane E Mather","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04444-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04444-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>PM3 and PM8 alleles carried by two CIMMYT wheat lines confer powdery mildew resistance in seedlings and/or adult plants. A stage-specific epistatic interaction was observed between PM3 and PM8. Powdery mildew is an important foliar disease of wheat. Major genes for resistance, which have been widely used in wheat breeding programs, are typically effective against only limited numbers of virulence genes of the pathogen. The main aim of this study was to map resistance loci in wheat lines 7HRWSN58 and ZWW09-149 from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Doubled haploid populations (Magenta/7HRWSN58 and Emu Rock/ZWW09-149) were developed and grown in controlled environment experiments and inoculated with a composite of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici isolates that had been collected at various locations in Western Australia. Plants were assessed for powdery mildew symptoms (percentage leaf area diseased) on seedlings and adult plants. Populations were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing and assayed for known SNPs in the resistance gene PM3. Linkage maps were constructed, and markers were anchored to the wheat reference genome sequence. In both populations, there were asymptomatic lines that exhibited no symptoms. Among symptomatic lines, disease severity varied widely. In the Magenta/7HRWSN58 population, most of the observed variation was attributed to the PM3 region of chromosome 1A, with the allele from 7HRWSN58 conferring resistance in seedlings and adult plants. In the Emu Rock/ZWW09-149 population, two interacting quantitative trait loci were mapped: one at PM3 and the other on chromosome 1B. The Emu Rock/ZWW09-149 population was confirmed to segregate for a 1BL·1RS translocation that carries the PM8 powdery mildew resistance gene from rye. Consistent with previous reports that PM8-derived resistance can be suppressed by PM3 alleles, the observed interaction between the quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B indicated that the PM3 allele carried by ZWW09-149 suppresses PM8-derived resistance from ZWW09-149, but only at the seedling stage. In adult plants, the PM8 region conferred resistance regardless of the PM3 genotype. The resistance sources and molecular markers that were investigated here could be useful in wheat breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11136728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04447-6
Siyang Duan, Shixin Guan, Riwen Fei, Tianyi Sun, Xuening Kang, Rujie Xin, Wenhui Song, Xiaomei Sun
{"title":"Correction to: Unraveling the role of PlARF2 in regulating seed dormancy in Paeonia lactiflora.","authors":"Siyang Duan, Shixin Guan, Riwen Fei, Tianyi Sun, Xuening Kang, Rujie Xin, Wenhui Song, Xiaomei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04447-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04447-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04443-w
Kamal Kant, Gábor Rigó, Dóra Faragó, Dániel Benyó, Roland Tengölics, László Szabados, Laura Zsigmond
{"title":"Correction to: Mutation in Arabidopsis mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 gene affects tolerance to water deficit.","authors":"Kamal Kant, Gábor Rigó, Dóra Faragó, Dániel Benyó, Roland Tengölics, László Szabados, Laura Zsigmond","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04443-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-024-04443-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11129987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-26DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04446-7
P. Bhavani, C. Nandini, Theivanayagam Maharajan, T. M. Ningaraju, B. Nandini, S. Gazala Parveen, K. Pushpa, R. L. Ravikumar, T. E. Nagaraja, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
Main conclusion
Brown-top millet is a lesser-known millet with a high grain nutrient value, early maturation, and drought tolerance that needs basic research to understand and conserve food security.
Abstract
Brown-top millet [Urochloa ramosa (L.)] is currently cultivated in some developing countries (especially in India) for food and fodder, although it is less known among the small millets. Like other millets, it contains macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fiber, all of which have rich health benefits. The nutritional importance and health benefits of brown-top millet are still unknown to many people due to a lack of awareness, wide cultivation, and research. Hence, this millet is currently overshadowed by other major cereals. This review article aims to present the nutritional, breeding, genetic, and genomic resources of brown-top millet to inform millet and other plant researchers. It is important to note that genetic and genomic resources have not yet been created for this millet. To date, there are no genomic and transcriptomic resources for brown-top millet to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and insertion/Deletions (InDels) for breeding studies. Furthermore, studies regarding nutritional significance and health benefits are required to investigate the exact nutritional contents and health benefits of the brown-top millet. The present review delves into the nutritional value and health advantages of brown-top millet, as supported by the available literature. The limitations of producing brown-top millet have been enumerated. We also cover the status of marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics research on closely related species. Lastly, we draw insights for further research such as developing omics resources and applying genome editing to study and improve brown-top millet. This review will help to start breeding and other molecular studies to increase the growth and development of this cereal.
{"title":"Brown-top millet: an overview of breeding, genetic, and genomic resources development for crop improvement","authors":"P. Bhavani, C. Nandini, Theivanayagam Maharajan, T. M. Ningaraju, B. Nandini, S. Gazala Parveen, K. Pushpa, R. L. Ravikumar, T. E. Nagaraja, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar","doi":"10.1007/s00425-024-04446-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04446-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Main conclusion</h3><p>Brown-top millet is a lesser-known millet with a high grain nutrient value, early maturation, and drought tolerance that needs basic research to understand and conserve food security.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Brown-top millet [<i>Urochloa ramosa</i> (L.)] is currently cultivated in some developing countries (especially in India) for food and fodder, although it is less known among the small millets. Like other millets, it contains macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fiber, all of which have rich health benefits. The nutritional importance and health benefits of brown-top millet are still unknown to many people due to a lack of awareness, wide cultivation, and research. Hence, this millet is currently overshadowed by other major cereals. This review article aims to present the nutritional, breeding, genetic, and genomic resources of brown-top millet to inform millet and other plant researchers. It is important to note that genetic and genomic resources have not yet been created for this millet. To date, there are no genomic and transcriptomic resources for brown-top millet to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and insertion/Deletions (InDels) for breeding studies. Furthermore, studies regarding nutritional significance and health benefits are required to investigate the exact nutritional contents and health benefits of the brown-top millet. The present review delves into the nutritional value and health advantages of brown-top millet, as supported by the available literature. The limitations of producing brown-top millet have been enumerated. We also cover the status of marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics research on closely related species. Lastly, we draw insights for further research such as developing omics resources and applying genome editing to study and improve brown-top millet. This review will help to start breeding and other molecular studies to increase the growth and development of this cereal.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141150524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}