Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1108/prt-11-2022-0130
Khaled Mostafa, Heba Ameen, Amal El-Ebeisy, Azza El-Sanabary
Purpose Herein, this study aims to use our recently tailored and fully characterized poly acrylonitrile (AN)-starch nanoparticle graft copolymer having 60.1 graft yield percentage as a starting substrate for copper ions removal from wastewater effluent after chemical modification with hydroxyl amine via oximation reaction as a calorimetric sensor. Design/methodology/approach The calorimetric sensor batch technique was used to determine the resin's adsorption capacity, while atomic adsorption spectrometry was used to determine the residual copper ions concentration in the filtrate before and after adsorption. This was done to convert the copolymer's abundant nitrile groups into amidoxime groups, and the resulting poly (amidoxime) resin was used as a copper ion adsorbent. To validate the existence of amidoxime groups, the resin was qualitatively characterized using a rapid vanadium ion test and instrumentally using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis. Findings At pH 7, 400 ppm copper ions concentration and 0.25 g adsorbent at room temperature, the overall adsorption potential of poly (amidoxime) resin was found to be 115.2 mg/g. The process's adsorption, kinetics and isothermal analysis were examined using various variables such as pH, contact time, copper ion concentration and adsorbent dose. To pretend the adsorption kinetics, various kinetics models, including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, were applied to the experimental results. The kinetic analysis indicated that the pseudo-second-order rate equation promoted the development of the chemisorption phase better than the pseudo-first-order rate equation. In the case of isothermal investigations, a study of observed correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) values indicated that the Langmuir model outperformed the Freundlich model in terms of matching experimental data. Originality/value To the best of the author's information, there is no comprehensive study for copper ions removal from waste water effluent using the recently tailored and fully characterized poly (AN)-starch nanoparticle graft copolymer having 60.1 graft yield percentage as a starting substrate after chemical modification with hydroxyl amine via oximation reaction as a calorimetric sensor.
{"title":"Harnessing of newly tailored poly (acrylonitrile)-starch nanoparticle graft copolymer for copper ion removal via oximation reaction as a calorimetric sensor","authors":"Khaled Mostafa, Heba Ameen, Amal El-Ebeisy, Azza El-Sanabary","doi":"10.1108/prt-11-2022-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2022-0130","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Herein, this study aims to use our recently tailored and fully characterized poly acrylonitrile (AN)-starch nanoparticle graft copolymer having 60.1 graft yield percentage as a starting substrate for copper ions removal from wastewater effluent after chemical modification with hydroxyl amine via oximation reaction as a calorimetric sensor. Design/methodology/approach The calorimetric sensor batch technique was used to determine the resin's adsorption capacity, while atomic adsorption spectrometry was used to determine the residual copper ions concentration in the filtrate before and after adsorption. This was done to convert the copolymer's abundant nitrile groups into amidoxime groups, and the resulting poly (amidoxime) resin was used as a copper ion adsorbent. To validate the existence of amidoxime groups, the resin was qualitatively characterized using a rapid vanadium ion test and instrumentally using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis. Findings At pH 7, 400 ppm copper ions concentration and 0.25 g adsorbent at room temperature, the overall adsorption potential of poly (amidoxime) resin was found to be 115.2 mg/g. The process's adsorption, kinetics and isothermal analysis were examined using various variables such as pH, contact time, copper ion concentration and adsorbent dose. To pretend the adsorption kinetics, various kinetics models, including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, were applied to the experimental results. The kinetic analysis indicated that the pseudo-second-order rate equation promoted the development of the chemisorption phase better than the pseudo-first-order rate equation. In the case of isothermal investigations, a study of observed correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) values indicated that the Langmuir model outperformed the Freundlich model in terms of matching experimental data. Originality/value To the best of the author's information, there is no comprehensive study for copper ions removal from waste water effluent using the recently tailored and fully characterized poly (AN)-starch nanoparticle graft copolymer having 60.1 graft yield percentage as a starting substrate after chemical modification with hydroxyl amine via oximation reaction as a calorimetric sensor.","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136274780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1108/prt-12-2021-0143
Pingping Hou, Hongyan Huang, Yong Wang, Jun Zhang, Dewen Sun
Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare a robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete substrate with remarkable chemical and mechanical durability through “all-covalent” strategy. Design/methodology/approach Amino-modified silica nano/micro-particles were prepared through two synthetic steps. “All-covalent” strategy was introduced to prepare a robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete surface via a “all-in-one” dispersion and a simple spraying method. The successful construction of the products was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angles (WCA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The concrete protective properties were verified by solution immersion test, pull-off test and rapid chloride migration coefficient test. The mechanical durability was tested by falling sand impact. Findings Hierarchical structures combined with the low-surface-energy segments lead to typically superhydrophobic coating with a WCA of 156° and a sliding angle of 1.3°. The superhydrophobic coating prepared through “all-covalent” strategy not only improves chemical and mechanical durability but also achieves higher corrosion and wear resistance than the comparison sample prepared by physically blending strategy. More importantly, the robust superhydrophobic coating showed excellent adhesion and protective performance of concrete engineerings. Practical implications This new “all-covalent” superhydrophobic coating could be applied as a concrete protective layer with properties of self-cleaning, anti-graffiti, etc. Originality/value Introduction of both silica nanoparticles and silica microparticles to prepare a robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete surface through “all-covalent” strategy has not been systematically studied previously.
{"title":"Facile preparation of robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete surface through “all-covalent” strategy","authors":"Pingping Hou, Hongyan Huang, Yong Wang, Jun Zhang, Dewen Sun","doi":"10.1108/prt-12-2021-0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2021-0143","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to prepare a robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete substrate with remarkable chemical and mechanical durability through “all-covalent” strategy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Amino-modified silica nano/micro-particles were prepared through two synthetic steps. “All-covalent” strategy was introduced to prepare a robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete surface via a “all-in-one” dispersion and a simple spraying method. The successful construction of the products was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angles (WCA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The concrete protective properties were verified by solution immersion test, pull-off test and rapid chloride migration coefficient test. The mechanical durability was tested by falling sand impact.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Hierarchical structures combined with the low-surface-energy segments lead to typically superhydrophobic coating with a WCA of 156° and a sliding angle of 1.3°. The superhydrophobic coating prepared through “all-covalent” strategy not only improves chemical and mechanical durability but also achieves higher corrosion and wear resistance than the comparison sample prepared by physically blending strategy. More importantly, the robust superhydrophobic coating showed excellent adhesion and protective performance of concrete engineerings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This new “all-covalent” superhydrophobic coating could be applied as a concrete protective layer with properties of self-cleaning, anti-graffiti, etc.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Introduction of both silica nanoparticles and silica microparticles to prepare a robust superhydrophobic coating on concrete surface through “all-covalent” strategy has not been systematically studied previously.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1108/prt-12-2021-0137
K. Mostafa
Purpose This paper aims to study previously prepared and fully characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a starting substrate and microwave initiation technique for grafting acrylic acid (AA). This was done to see the influence of both CNPs with respect to well-dispersed nanosized particles, large surface areas, biodegradability, biocompatibility and reactivity and microwave initiation technique with respect to reduction in organic solvents, toxic chemical initiator and exposer time on exploiting the graft yield % and enhancing water solubility and antibacterial properties. Design/methodology/approach For evaluating the best accurate standard metrological method for calculating the graft yield %, the grafting parameters were stated in terms of graft yield percent and measured gravimetrically (based on dry weight method) and titrimetrically (based on carboxyl content). Microwave power, AA and CNPs concentrations and reaction duration were shown to be the most important parameters influencing the grafting process. Findings The optimum reaction conditions were obtained when CNPs 1.5 g, AA 150 bows, microwave irradiation power 500 W and reaction duration 120 s were used. Various analytical methods were used to characterize CNPs and poly(AA)–CNPs graft copolymers. According to the findings, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination determines the attachment of carboxyl groups to CNPs chains. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the copolymers were more thermally stable than CNPs counterparts. Furthermore, the resulting copolymers were shown to have greater water solubility biodegradability resistance and antibacterial properties than CNPs counterpart. Finally, a preliminary mechanism demonstrating all occasions that occur during the polymerization reaction has been proposed. Originality/value The advancement addressed here is undertaken using previously prepared and fully characterized CNPs as a green bio-nanocompatible polymer and microwave initiation technique as green and efficient tool with respect to reduction in organic solvents toxic chemical initiator and exposer time for grafting AA.
目的本论文旨在研究先前制备并充分表征的壳聚糖纳米粒子（CNPs）作为起始底物和微波引发丙烯酸接枝技术。这是为了观察两种CNP在分散良好的纳米颗粒、大表面积、生物降解性、生物相容性和反应性方面的影响，以及微波引发技术在减少有机溶剂、有毒化学引发剂和暴露时间方面对利用接枝产率%和提高水溶性和抗菌性能的影响。设计/方法/方法为了评估计算接枝率%的最佳准确标准计量方法，接枝参数以接枝率百分比表示，并以重量法（基于干重法）和滴定法（基于羧基含量）测量。微波功率、AA和CNPs浓度以及反应时间是影响接枝过程的最重要参数。结果CNPs为1.5时，得到了最佳反应条件 g、 AA 150弓，微波辐射功率500 使用W和反应持续时间120秒。使用各种分析方法来表征CNPs和聚（AA）–CNPs接枝共聚物。根据研究结果，傅立叶变换红外光谱检测确定了羧基与CNPs链的连接。热重分析表明，共聚物比CNPs的对应物更热稳定。此外，所得共聚物显示出比CNPs对应物具有更大的水溶性、生物降解性和抗菌性能。最后，提出了一个初步的机理，证明了聚合反应中发生的所有情况。独创性/价值本文所述的进展是使用先前制备并完全表征的CNPs作为一种绿色生物纳米相容性聚合物，并使用微波引发技术作为绿色有效的工具来减少有机溶剂中的有毒化学引发剂和接枝AA的暴露时间。
{"title":"Fabrication of poly(AA)-chitosan nanoparticles graft copolymer via microwave irradiation system for enhancing water solubility and antimicrobial properties","authors":"K. Mostafa","doi":"10.1108/prt-12-2021-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2021-0137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study previously prepared and fully characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a starting substrate and microwave initiation technique for grafting acrylic acid (AA). This was done to see the influence of both CNPs with respect to well-dispersed nanosized particles, large surface areas, biodegradability, biocompatibility and reactivity and microwave initiation technique with respect to reduction in organic solvents, toxic chemical initiator and exposer time on exploiting the graft yield % and enhancing water solubility and antibacterial properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000For evaluating the best accurate standard metrological method for calculating the graft yield %, the grafting parameters were stated in terms of graft yield percent and measured gravimetrically (based on dry weight method) and titrimetrically (based on carboxyl content). Microwave power, AA and CNPs concentrations and reaction duration were shown to be the most important parameters influencing the grafting process.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The optimum reaction conditions were obtained when CNPs 1.5 g, AA 150 bows, microwave irradiation power 500 W and reaction duration 120 s were used. Various analytical methods were used to characterize CNPs and poly(AA)–CNPs graft copolymers. According to the findings, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination determines the attachment of carboxyl groups to CNPs chains. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the copolymers were more thermally stable than CNPs counterparts. Furthermore, the resulting copolymers were shown to have greater water solubility biodegradability resistance and antibacterial properties than CNPs counterpart. Finally, a preliminary mechanism demonstrating all occasions that occur during the polymerization reaction has been proposed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The advancement addressed here is undertaken using previously prepared and fully characterized CNPs as a green bio-nanocompatible polymer and microwave initiation technique as green and efficient tool with respect to reduction in organic solvents toxic chemical initiator and exposer time for grafting AA.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46623766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1108/prt-09-2021-0120
Jingwen Xu, Xiaoju Long, J. Zhang, Songshuai Wu
Purpose A novel semiconducting macromolecule-polyperylene tetraamide (PPTI) was first synthesized with a simple method using 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4). Design/methodology/approach The Ag nanoparticle was doped on the surface or inside of the PPTI film to obtain a highly sensitive hydrazine sensor-Ag/PPTI, which was synthesized within one step. The structure of Ag/PPTI was characterized through various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Findings According to cyclic voltammetry results, Ag/PPTI/GCE indicated good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of hydrazine. The amperometric detection of hydrazine was then applied on Ag/PPTI/GCE. It exhibited a wide linear range from 0.05 to 50 µM, a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.05 µM and high sensitivity of 0.45 µA/(µM•cm2). Originality/value In authors’ perception, this approach emerges as an effective technique for developing efficient chemical sensors for environmental pollutants.
{"title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on novel Ag Nps/Ppti films for detection of hydrazine","authors":"Jingwen Xu, Xiaoju Long, J. Zhang, Songshuai Wu","doi":"10.1108/prt-09-2021-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2021-0120","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000A novel semiconducting macromolecule-polyperylene tetraamide (PPTI) was first synthesized with a simple method using 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The Ag nanoparticle was doped on the surface or inside of the PPTI film to obtain a highly sensitive hydrazine sensor-Ag/PPTI, which was synthesized within one step. The structure of Ag/PPTI was characterized through various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000According to cyclic voltammetry results, Ag/PPTI/GCE indicated good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of hydrazine. The amperometric detection of hydrazine was then applied on Ag/PPTI/GCE. It exhibited a wide linear range from 0.05 to 50 µM, a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.05 µM and high sensitivity of 0.45 µA/(µM•cm2).\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In authors’ perception, this approach emerges as an effective technique for developing efficient chemical sensors for environmental pollutants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42109786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1108/prt-09-2021-0109
Vikas R. Patil, R. Patil, L. Jadhav, Nikhil Borane, S. Mishra
Purpose Here, diazo coupling reaction was imparted on chemically inert lignin isolated from natural resources. Activated lignin was coupled with the diazotised aniline, m-nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline-, and p-anisidine gives organic pigments. Design/methodology/approach The continuous increase in particle size of pigments confirms addition of diazotised salt to lignin by coupling reaction. Further, the dispersing ability of these coloured pigments were exploited in polymer matrix. Epoxy-polyamine cross linking system was doped with difference percentage of pigments and coated on mild steel metal surface. The morphology of these composites was understood by SEM, particle size, differential scanning calorimeter and thermo gravimetric analysis. Findings The synthesised organic pigments were characterised by FT-IR, 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. It was observed that hiding power of aniline- and m-nitroaniline–based azo pigments was more than p-nitroaniline- and p-anisidine–based azo pigments. Thermal properties as well as water contact angles of coatings were improved with pigment concentration. The chemical resistivity of coating was observed to be improved with the increasing % of lignin-based azo pigment. Originality/value Lignin-based azo pigment has great potential to replace metal oxide pigment and provide strategy for utilisation of lingo-cellulosic biowaste material.
{"title":"Nano-dispersible azo pigments from lignin: a new synthetic approach and epoxy-polyamine composite coating","authors":"Vikas R. Patil, R. Patil, L. Jadhav, Nikhil Borane, S. Mishra","doi":"10.1108/prt-09-2021-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2021-0109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Here, diazo coupling reaction was imparted on chemically inert lignin isolated from natural resources. Activated lignin was coupled with the diazotised aniline, m-nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline-, and p-anisidine gives organic pigments.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The continuous increase in particle size of pigments confirms addition of diazotised salt to lignin by coupling reaction. Further, the dispersing ability of these coloured pigments were exploited in polymer matrix. Epoxy-polyamine cross linking system was doped with difference percentage of pigments and coated on mild steel metal surface. The morphology of these composites was understood by SEM, particle size, differential scanning calorimeter and thermo gravimetric analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The synthesised organic pigments were characterised by FT-IR, 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. It was observed that hiding power of aniline- and m-nitroaniline–based azo pigments was more than p-nitroaniline- and p-anisidine–based azo pigments. Thermal properties as well as water contact angles of coatings were improved with pigment concentration. The chemical resistivity of coating was observed to be improved with the increasing % of lignin-based azo pigment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Lignin-based azo pigment has great potential to replace metal oxide pigment and provide strategy for utilisation of lingo-cellulosic biowaste material.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45171549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1108/prt-11-2021-0129
Zheqing Gong, Shusen Cao, Z. Cai, Lijun Chen
Purpose There are three double bonds in the chemical structure of diallyl maleate. The purpose of this study is that the acrylate is modified with diallyl maleic anhydride to make the propionate resin present a spatial network structure, thereby improving the performance of the acrylate resin. Design/methodology/approach Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate(BA) were used as were used as main monomers. Diallyl maleate (DAM) was used as crosslinking monomer and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) was used as fluoromonomer. Potassium persulfate (KPS) was used as thermal decomposition initiator, sodium lauryl sulfate (AS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) were used as anionic emulsifiers, and EFS-470 (Alkyl alcohol polyether type nonionic emulsifier) was a non-ionic emulsifier. Findings Through optimizing the reaction conditions, the uniform and stable latex is obtained. The polymer of structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle (CA) were tested on latex films. The particle size and distribution range of emulsion were tested with nano particle size analyzer. Originality/value The experimental results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the acrylic coating film increased by 20.56°C after modification. In addition, the effect of cross-linking density on the water contact angle of the fluorocarbon groups in DFMA when they migrate to the surface of the latex film during drying has been explored. The experimental results show that a higher degree of cross-linking will hinder the migration of fluorocarbon groups to the surface of the resin film.
{"title":"Study on preparing of diallyl maleate modified acrylic resin","authors":"Zheqing Gong, Shusen Cao, Z. Cai, Lijun Chen","doi":"10.1108/prt-11-2021-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2021-0129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000There are three double bonds in the chemical structure of diallyl maleate. The purpose of this study is that the acrylate is modified with diallyl maleic anhydride to make the propionate resin present a spatial network structure, thereby improving the performance of the acrylate resin.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate(BA) were used as were used as main monomers. Diallyl maleate (DAM) was used as crosslinking monomer and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) was used as fluoromonomer. Potassium persulfate (KPS) was used as thermal decomposition initiator, sodium lauryl sulfate (AS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) were used as anionic emulsifiers, and EFS-470 (Alkyl alcohol polyether type nonionic emulsifier) was a non-ionic emulsifier.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Through optimizing the reaction conditions, the uniform and stable latex is obtained. The polymer of structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle (CA) were tested on latex films. The particle size and distribution range of emulsion were tested with nano particle size analyzer.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The experimental results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the acrylic coating film increased by 20.56°C after modification. In addition, the effect of cross-linking density on the water contact angle of the fluorocarbon groups in DFMA when they migrate to the surface of the latex film during drying has been explored. The experimental results show that a higher degree of cross-linking will hinder the migration of fluorocarbon groups to the surface of the resin film.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46728530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.1108/prt-10-2021-0126
M. Saied, A. Reffaee, Shimaa F. Hamieda, Salwa L. Abd- El- Messieh, Emad S. Shafik
Purpose This study aims to get rid of non-degradable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste as well as sunflower seed cake (SSC) waste by preparing eco-friendly composites from both in different proportions to reach good mechanical and insulating properties for antimicrobial and antistatic applications. Design/methodology/approach Eco-friendly composite films based on waste polyvinylchloride (WPVC) and SSC of concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Wt.%) were prepared using solution casting method. Further, the effect of sunflower seed oil (SSO) on the biophysical properties of the prepared composites is also investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, mechanical, thermal, dielectric properties were assessed. Besides, the antimicrobial and biodegradation tests were also studied. Findings The crystallinity increases by rising SSC concentration as revealed by XRD results. Additionally, the permittivity (ε′) increases by increasing SSC filler and SSO as well. A remarkable increase in dc conductivity was attained after the addition of SSO. While raw WPVC has very low bacterial activity. The composite films are found to be very effective against staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against candida albicans as well. On the other hand, the weight loss of WPVC increases by adding of SSC and SSO, as disclosed by biodegradation studies. Originality/value The study aims to reach the optimum method for safe and beneficial disposal of PVC waste as well as SSC for antistatic and antimicrobial application.
{"title":"Eco-friendly polymer composite films based on waste polyvinyl chloride/sunflower seed cake for antimicrobial and antistatic applications","authors":"M. Saied, A. Reffaee, Shimaa F. Hamieda, Salwa L. Abd- El- Messieh, Emad S. Shafik","doi":"10.1108/prt-10-2021-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2021-0126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to get rid of non-degradable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste as well as sunflower seed cake (SSC) waste by preparing eco-friendly composites from both in different proportions to reach good mechanical and insulating properties for antimicrobial and antistatic applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Eco-friendly composite films based on waste polyvinylchloride (WPVC) and SSC of concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Wt.%) were prepared using solution casting method. Further, the effect of sunflower seed oil (SSO) on the biophysical properties of the prepared composites is also investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, mechanical, thermal, dielectric properties were assessed. Besides, the antimicrobial and biodegradation tests were also studied.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The crystallinity increases by rising SSC concentration as revealed by XRD results. Additionally, the permittivity (ε′) increases by increasing SSC filler and SSO as well. A remarkable increase in dc conductivity was attained after the addition of SSO. While raw WPVC has very low bacterial activity. The composite films are found to be very effective against staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against candida albicans as well. On the other hand, the weight loss of WPVC increases by adding of SSC and SSO, as disclosed by biodegradation studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study aims to reach the optimum method for safe and beneficial disposal of PVC waste as well as SSC for antistatic and antimicrobial application.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1108/prt-11-2021-0131
A. Basta, V. Lotfy, J. Micky, A. Salem
Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of hydrolysis route of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) on its esterification performance as liquid crystal material. The assessment was carried out from the data of spectra (Fourier-transform infrared analysis [FTIR] and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance [1H-NMR]), thermal stability as well as optical properties via forming ordered mesophases at lower concentration than HPC. Design/methodology/approach The HPC was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid-methanol at times 9 and 18 h, and the products were esterified by decanoyl chloride. The products of hydrolysis and the esterification were characterized by FTIR, NMR, nonisothermal analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and polarizing microscope to evaluate the role of degree of substitution of HPC as a result of hydrolysis, on esterification degree, thermal stability and thermal and liquid crystal behavior of the final esterified HPC. Findings The pretreatment by acid hydrolysis of HPC was successful for synthesizing novel cholesteric hydroxypropyl cellulose ester. The data of FTIR and TGA thermal analysis proved that hydrolysis and esterification of HPC with the decanoyl chain significantly enhanced crystallinity of this cellulose derivative from 0.57 to (1.7–1.9). Moreover, they provided products with superior thermal stability than pure HPC, as noticed from increasing the activation energy of degradation (Ea) from 514.3 to 806.2 kJ/mol. The NMR measurement proved that hydrolysis of HPC for 9 and 18 h decreased the degree of substitution from 3 to 2.1 and 1.3, respectively. Moreover, the esterified HPC showed a promising birefringence texture (chiral nematic) besides decreasing the critical concentration from 30% for HPC to 10% for the esterified unhydrolyzed HPC, while superior decreasing to 1–5% was observed for the esterified hydrolyzed HPC. Research limitations/implications There are two stages for preparation of decanoyl ester hydroxypropyl cellulose. At the first stage, HPC was treated by hydrochloric acid-methanol in ratio 1:10 at times 9 and18 h. At the second stage, HPC and hydrolyzed HPC were refluxed with decanoyl chloride (1:6) in presence of nitrogen atmosphere. The final product was precipitated by distilled water. Practical implications There are two stages for preparation of decanoyl ester hydroxypropyl cellulose. At the first stage, HPC was treated by hydrochloric acid-methanol in ratio 1:10 at times 9 and18 h. At the second stage, HPC and hydrolyzed HPC were refluxed with decanoyl chloride (1:6) in presence of nitrogen atmosphere. The final product was precipitated by distilled water. Originality/value The novelty of this work was focused on enhancing the crystallinity, thermal stability and liquid crystal behavior of esterified HPC, via decreasing the degree of substitution and consequently the type of OH group subjected to esterification. The decanoyl ester formation from the hydrolyzed hydroxypropyl cellulose is able to form or
{"title":"Selective route for enhancing liquid crystal-based hydroxylpropyl cellulose by esterification","authors":"A. Basta, V. Lotfy, J. Micky, A. Salem","doi":"10.1108/prt-11-2021-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2021-0131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study the effect of hydrolysis route of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) on its esterification performance as liquid crystal material. The assessment was carried out from the data of spectra (Fourier-transform infrared analysis [FTIR] and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance [1H-NMR]), thermal stability as well as optical properties via forming ordered mesophases at lower concentration than HPC.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The HPC was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid-methanol at times 9 and 18 h, and the products were esterified by decanoyl chloride. The products of hydrolysis and the esterification were characterized by FTIR, NMR, nonisothermal analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and polarizing microscope to evaluate the role of degree of substitution of HPC as a result of hydrolysis, on esterification degree, thermal stability and thermal and liquid crystal behavior of the final esterified HPC.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The pretreatment by acid hydrolysis of HPC was successful for synthesizing novel cholesteric hydroxypropyl cellulose ester. The data of FTIR and TGA thermal analysis proved that hydrolysis and esterification of HPC with the decanoyl chain significantly enhanced crystallinity of this cellulose derivative from 0.57 to (1.7–1.9). Moreover, they provided products with superior thermal stability than pure HPC, as noticed from increasing the activation energy of degradation (Ea) from 514.3 to 806.2 kJ/mol. The NMR measurement proved that hydrolysis of HPC for 9 and 18 h decreased the degree of substitution from 3 to 2.1 and 1.3, respectively. Moreover, the esterified HPC showed a promising birefringence texture (chiral nematic) besides decreasing the critical concentration from 30% for HPC to 10% for the esterified unhydrolyzed HPC, while superior decreasing to 1–5% was observed for the esterified hydrolyzed HPC.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000There are two stages for preparation of decanoyl ester hydroxypropyl cellulose. At the first stage, HPC was treated by hydrochloric acid-methanol in ratio 1:10 at times 9 and18 h. At the second stage, HPC and hydrolyzed HPC were refluxed with decanoyl chloride (1:6) in presence of nitrogen atmosphere. The final product was precipitated by distilled water.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000There are two stages for preparation of decanoyl ester hydroxypropyl cellulose. At the first stage, HPC was treated by hydrochloric acid-methanol in ratio 1:10 at times 9 and18 h. At the second stage, HPC and hydrolyzed HPC were refluxed with decanoyl chloride (1:6) in presence of nitrogen atmosphere. The final product was precipitated by distilled water.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The novelty of this work was focused on enhancing the crystallinity, thermal stability and liquid crystal behavior of esterified HPC, via decreasing the degree of substitution and consequently the type of OH group subjected to esterification. The decanoyl ester formation from the hydrolyzed hydroxypropyl cellulose is able to form or","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45750515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1108/prt-11-2021-0132
Sundaram R.K., S. S., E. P
Purpose This study aims to reduce the interfacial tension by increasing the better adhesion between different immiscible polymers phases and also to evaluate the mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical behavior of the immiscible polymer blends. Design/methodology/approach The polymer blend composite (PBC) was prepared using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. Two different kinds of PBC with compatibilizer (Ethylene-n-Butylacrylate-Glycidyl methacrylate) of varying compositions like polybutylene terephthalate + poly trimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate (30% glass filled) + poly trimethylene terephthalate were prepared and material behavior at various test conditions were studied. The effect of glass fiber reinforcement on polymer blend and the interlocking effect by the compatibilizer between the polymer phases were also assessed. Findings Mechanical behavior of PBC was estimated by tensile, flexural and angular impact tests. Likewise, the thermal deflection was studied with the help of heat deflection temperature test. Thermo-mechanical behavior likes storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent were studied using the dynamic mechanical analysis test. Morphological analysis was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Originality/value This in turn makes the process easy to obtain the PBC having inherent mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanically stable. And, it also enhances the mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact strength. Simultaneously, posse’s excellent heat deflection and thermo-mechanical behavior over a temperature range of 35–140ºC at a constant frequency of 5 Hz.
{"title":"Effect of addition of compatibilizer on mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical behavior of a polymer blend (PBT/ PBT(G)/ PTT) composite","authors":"Sundaram R.K., S. S., E. P","doi":"10.1108/prt-11-2021-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2021-0132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to reduce the interfacial tension by increasing the better adhesion between different immiscible polymers phases and also to evaluate the mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical behavior of the immiscible polymer blends.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The polymer blend composite (PBC) was prepared using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. Two different kinds of PBC with compatibilizer (Ethylene-n-Butylacrylate-Glycidyl methacrylate) of varying compositions like polybutylene terephthalate + poly trimethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate (30% glass filled) + poly trimethylene terephthalate were prepared and material behavior at various test conditions were studied. The effect of glass fiber reinforcement on polymer blend and the interlocking effect by the compatibilizer between the polymer phases were also assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Mechanical behavior of PBC was estimated by tensile, flexural and angular impact tests. Likewise, the thermal deflection was studied with the help of heat deflection temperature test. Thermo-mechanical behavior likes storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent were studied using the dynamic mechanical analysis test. Morphological analysis was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This in turn makes the process easy to obtain the PBC having inherent mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanically stable. And, it also enhances the mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact strength. Simultaneously, posse’s excellent heat deflection and thermo-mechanical behavior over a temperature range of 35–140ºC at a constant frequency of 5 Hz.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1108/prt-10-2021-0125
W. S. Mohamed, M. Mohie
Purpose Paper aims to determinate caking paper manuscript cause through studying of the manuscript components, bio-deterioration and physio-chemical deterioration factor. It will facilitate manuscripts and paper conservators to understand paper blocking and caking phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach The manuscript condition has been diagnosed by focusing on adhesion and fossilization regions. To achieve this, some methods of analysis and examination were used, such as visual examination, digital microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to studying surface changes. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared microscopy were used to determinate of cellulose crystallinity, ink composition and identify the binding medium. Findings The results revealed the use of cotton pulp, and calcium carbonate was among the fillers that were used to improve the properties of paper. The crystallization of cellulose was lower in the first and last papers than the papers located in the heart of the manuscript. The most important reasons that led to the papers caking was the presence of fungi A. niger, Cladosporium sp, Chaetomium sp, by secreting some enzymes in combination with some other factors such as difference variation in temperature and moisture. Originality/value All deterioration factors participate with each other until rule the damage circle of the papers because one factor alone cannot stick the papers. It was inferred from the examinations and analyzes that were conducted for the samples.
{"title":"A scientific approach for evaluating extremely caked paper manuscript kept in Al-Azhar Library in Cairo","authors":"W. S. Mohamed, M. Mohie","doi":"10.1108/prt-10-2021-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2021-0125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Paper aims to determinate caking paper manuscript cause through studying of the manuscript components, bio-deterioration and physio-chemical deterioration factor. It will facilitate manuscripts and paper conservators to understand paper blocking and caking phenomenon.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The manuscript condition has been diagnosed by focusing on adhesion and fossilization regions. To achieve this, some methods of analysis and examination were used, such as visual examination, digital microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to studying surface changes. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared microscopy were used to determinate of cellulose crystallinity, ink composition and identify the binding medium.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results revealed the use of cotton pulp, and calcium carbonate was among the fillers that were used to improve the properties of paper. The crystallization of cellulose was lower in the first and last papers than the papers located in the heart of the manuscript. The most important reasons that led to the papers caking was the presence of fungi A. niger, Cladosporium sp, Chaetomium sp, by secreting some enzymes in combination with some other factors such as difference variation in temperature and moisture.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000All deterioration factors participate with each other until rule the damage circle of the papers because one factor alone cannot stick the papers. It was inferred from the examinations and analyzes that were conducted for the samples.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20214,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48456331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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