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Approaches for the amelioration of adverse effects of drought stress on soybean plants: from physiological responses to agronomical, molecular, and cutting-edge technologies 改善干旱胁迫对大豆植株不利影响的途径:从生理反应到农艺、分子和前沿技术
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-025-07202-2
Muhammad Faheem Jan, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf, Waqas Liaqat, Changzhuang Liu, Heba I. Mohamed, Ming Li

Background

Water insufficiency is a major abiotic stressor that significantly reduces crop yields, posing a serious threat to global food security. Soybean, a key legume and one the the top five global crops, serves as a primary source of protein, minerals, and oil. Water deficit has profound impacts on soybean's growth, physiology, and ultimately its yield.

Scope

Improving soybean productivity under drought stress is crucial to addressing food security challenges. Advanced breeding tools that leverage soybean physiological responses to water scarcity are essential for identifying and transferring drought-tolerance genes. Further research into the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of soybean to drought stress will enable breeders to enhance drought resilience effectively.

Conclusion

This review comprehensively details the morphological and physiological responses of soybean to drought stress and outlines various agronomical, molecular, and cutting-edge technological approaches to enhance drought tolerance. By synthesizing current research, this work identifies key strategies and tools that breeders can use to develop drought-resilient soybean cultivars, contributing to improved productivity under water-limited conditions.

地下水不足是导致农作物减产的主要非生物胁迫因素,对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁。大豆是一种重要的豆科植物,也是全球五大作物之一,是蛋白质、矿物质和石油的主要来源。水分亏缺对大豆的生长、生理乃至产量有着深远的影响。提高干旱胁迫下的大豆产量对于应对粮食安全挑战至关重要。利用大豆对缺水的生理反应的先进育种工具对于鉴定和转移耐旱基因至关重要。进一步研究大豆对干旱胁迫的生理、生化和分子反应,将有助于育种者有效地提高抗旱能力。本文综述了大豆对干旱胁迫的形态和生理反应,概述了提高大豆抗旱性的各种农艺、分子和前沿技术途径。通过综合目前的研究,本工作确定了育种者可以用来开发抗旱大豆品种的关键策略和工具,有助于提高水分限制条件下的生产力。
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引用次数: 0
Root productivity contributes to carbon storage and surface elevation adjustments in coastal wetlands 根系生产力对滨海湿地碳储量和地表高程调节有重要作用
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-025-07204-0
Brooke M. Conroy, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Kerrylee Rogers

Background and aims

Organic matter additions in coastal wetlands contribute to blue carbon sequestration and adjustment to sea-level rise through vertical substrate growth, with accurate modelling of these dynamics requiring information of root mass and volume additions across tidal gradients. This study aims to characterise the influence of vegetation zonation and tidal position on root mass and volume dynamics within substrates.

Methods

The root ingrowth technique was coupled with sediment cores to quantify below-ground root mass and volume production, standing stocks and turnover across two years to 90 cm depth at Kooweerup, Victoria, Australia.

Results

We indicate a complex non-linear relationship between fine root mass production and tidal position, influenced by variable vegetation structures across mangrove (442–3427 g m−2 yr−1), saltmarsh (540–860 g m−2 yr−1) and supratidal forest (599 g m−2 yr−1) zones. Fine root volume additions ranged from 274 to 4055 cm3 m−2 yr−1 across sampling locations. Root production was greatest for older mangroves and tidally defined optimal zones of production were evident for mangrove and saltmarsh. Live roots extended deeper than typically studied, reaching depths of 1.0 m in forested zones.

Conclusion

This information of root mass and volume additions across wetland live rooting zones can be used to improve highly parameterised models accounting for carbon sequestration and substrate vertical adjustment along intertidal gradients. We recommend that future studies measure root production across the entire active rooting zone or to 1 m depth to align with standard carbon accounting measurement depths.

背景和目的沿海湿地的有机质添加有助于蓝碳固存,并通过垂直基质生长调节海平面上升,而这些动态的准确建模需要跨越潮汐梯度的根系质量和体积添加信息。本研究旨在描述植被带和潮汐位置对基质内根系质量和体积动态的影响。方法采用根系长入技术与沉积物岩心相结合的方法,对澳大利亚维多利亚州Kooweerup地区90 cm深度2年内的地下根系质量、产量、存量和周转量进行量化。结果细根产量与潮汐位置之间存在复杂的非线性关系,受红树林(442-3427 g m−2 yr−1)、盐沼(540-860 g m−2 yr−1)和潮上林(599 g m−2 yr−1)不同植被结构的影响。细根体积增加量从274到4055 cm3 m−2 yr−1不等。较老的红树根系产量最大,潮汐确定的最佳生产区域在红树和盐沼中明显。活根延伸的深度比通常研究的要深,在森林地带可达1.0米深。结论根系质量和体积增加的信息可用于改进高参数化模型,以反映碳固存和基质垂直调整沿潮间带梯度的变化。我们建议未来的研究测量整个活跃生根区或1米深度的根系产量,以与标准碳计量测量深度保持一致。
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引用次数: 0
Natural recovery of bare patches to healthy alpine meadow reduces soil microbial diversity in a degraded high-altitude grassland, West China 秃斑自然恢复为健康高寒草甸减少了西部退化高海拔草地土壤微生物多样性
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-025-07209-9
Chengyi Li, Xinhui Li, Xilai Li, Yu Chai, Pei Gao, Yuanwu Yang, Jing Zhang

Aim

Patchy degradation of alpine meadow is a common phenomenon in the natural ecosystem of the QTP, and the advent of bare patches (BPs) in degraded meadow impairs its ecosystem functions. Soil microbial diversity is an important biomarker essential to maintain the health of the meadow ecosystem. At present, there is a lack of understanding about how soil microbial communities change during the natural recovery of patchily degraded BPs in alpine meadows on the QTP.

Method

We analyzed soil archaea/bacteria and fungi at different recovery stages from BP, and their relationship with carbon fluxes during peak growth. The patches at different recovery stages were monitored to determine the changing patterns of soil microbial diversity and to establish the relationship between microbial communities and ecosystem carbon functions during the recovery process of BP.

Results

We found that the recovery of BP to healthy alpine meadow caused significant structural changes in the soil archaeal/bacterial and fungal communities, as evidenced by a significant decrease in their alpha-diversity. The recovery of bare patches leads to changes in soil nitrate nitrogen, pH, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, and soil water content. All of them either directly or indirectly affected microbial community composition and alpha-diversity. Soil microbial alpha-diversity was negatively correlated with carbon sequestration and the respiratory rate of carbon flux components.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the diversity of soil microorganisms was significantly reduced as bare patches of the degraded meadow naturally recovered to become healthy meadow.

摘要:高山草甸的斑块退化是青藏高原自然生态系统中的一种常见现象,退化草甸上出现的裸露斑块(BP)损害了其生态系统功能。土壤微生物多样性是维持草甸生态系统健康的重要生物标志。目前,人们对QTP高山草甸上成片退化的BP自然恢复过程中土壤微生物群落的变化缺乏了解。方法我们分析了BP不同恢复阶段的土壤古细菌/细菌和真菌,以及它们与生长高峰期碳通量的关系。我们对不同恢复阶段的斑块进行了监测,以确定土壤微生物多样性的变化规律,并确定在BP恢复过程中微生物群落与生态系统碳功能之间的关系。结果我们发现,BP恢复到健康的高山草甸后,土壤古细菌/细菌和真菌群落的结构发生了显著变化,表现为它们的α-多样性显著下降。裸露斑块的恢复导致土壤硝态氮、pH 值、可利用磷、微生物生物量碳和土壤含水量发生变化。所有这些都直接或间接地影响了微生物群落的组成和α-多样性。土壤微生物α-多样性与碳封存和碳通量组分的呼吸速率呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
Urea fertilization reduced biological N2 fixation but did not impact the development of legume trees in an agroforestry system 尿素施肥减少了生物 N2 固定,但不影响农林系统中豆科植物的发展
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-025-07216-w
Thaís Lima Figueiredo, Valéria Xavier de Oliveira Apolinário, Janerson José Coelho, Luciano Cavalcante Muniz, Joaquim Bezerra Costa, Jossanya Benilsy dos Santos Silva Castro, Maria Inez Fernandes Carneiro, Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux

Background and aims

Understanding how inorganic N fertilizers applied to agroforestry systems impact N2-fixation and development of legume trees is essential for optimizing management practices. This study hypothesized that inorganic N fertilization with urea (CH4N2O) could reduce the quantity of N derived from the atmosphere in the leaves, and decrease the overall development of the legume tree Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. under an agroforestry system.

Methods

The trial was settled in a randomized complete block design with three repetitions, and evaluated four different rates of N fertilization (0, 100, 200, and 400 kg N ha−1 year−1), over a three-year trial. The agroforestry was composed of M. caesalpiniifolia double rows, grass pasture (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq. cv. Massai), and dispersed babassu palm trees (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng), located in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Results

This study proved that increasing rates of inorganic N fertilization using urea, up to 400 kg ha−1 year−1, did not affect the regular development of M. caesalpiniifolia trees under an agroforestry system; however, the level of N applied, especially the highest dosage (400 kg ha−1 year−1), was capable of reducing by approximately 45% the quantity of N derived from the atmosphere.

Conclusion

These findings indicate a negative impact of the inorganic N fertilization with urea on the symbiotic N2-fixation of M. caesalpiniifolia trees. This study also evidenced that as the trees of M. caesalpiniifolia aged they tended to display a significant reduction of the content of N derived from the atmosphere in their leaves.

背景与目的了解农林复合系统中施用无机氮肥如何影响氮素固定和豆科树木的发育,对于优化管理实践至关重要。本研究假设尿素(CH4N2O)的无机氮肥可减少叶片中从大气中获得的氮量,从而降低豆科树含水含水树(Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth)的整体发育。在农林业制度下。方法采用3次重复的随机完全区组设计,在为期3年的试验中评估4种不同的氮肥施用量(0、100、200和400 kg N ha−1年−1年)。农林业主要由双排阔叶林、草地草地(Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.)和草地草地(Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.)组成。简历。和分散的巴巴苏棕榈树(Attalea speciosa Mart)。(前春季),位于巴西亚马逊地区。结果表明,在农林业条件下,增加氮肥施用量(400 kg ha−1年−1)对杉木的正常发育没有影响;然而,施氮水平,特别是最高施氮量(400kg公顷−1年−1),能够使来自大气的氮量减少约45%。结论尿素配无机氮肥对杉木共生固氮有负向影响。本研究还证明,随着杉木树龄的增长,杉木叶片中大气氮含量有显著降低的趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Submersion deteriorates the mechanical properties of Cynodon dactylon root and alters its failure type 浸水会恶化仙人掌根的机械特性并改变其破坏类型
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-025-07211-1
Deyu Liu, Zhubao Chen, Lun Zhang, Zhenyao Xia, Rui Xiang, Feng Gao, Qianheng Zhang, Ruidong Yang, Yu Ding, Yueshu Yang, Hai Xiao

Aims

Environmental stresses can influence root mechanical strength, the impact of submersion of the water level fluctuation zone on the root mechanical strength of Cynodon dactylon was evaluated in this study.

Methods

Variations in the physicochemical properties (root weight density and root activity), mechanical strengths (tensile and pullout strength) and failure types of C. dactylon roots were investigated using a submersion experiment with 8 durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 d), with a treatment without submersion serving as the control (CK). Additionally, corresponding variation in the microstructure of the roots was observed.

Results

The root weight density, root activity, root tensile strength and pullout strength of C. dactylon rapidly decreased, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing duration, and the reductions during the first 15 d of submersion accounted for 65.15%, 75.86%, 61.14% and 68.26% of the maximum reduction during the submersion process, respectively. Negative power function relationships were found between root mechanical strength and root diameter. Submersion increased the proportion of fracture failures during the pullout process. Moreover, the influence of submersion on root mechanical strength and failure type was regulated by a reduction in root activity.

Conclusions

Submersion deteriorates the mechanical properties of C. dactylon roots and alters their failure type.

目的环境应力会影响根机械强度,本研究评估了水位波动区浸没对仙人掌根机械强度的影响。方法通过 8 个持续时间(0、15、30、60、90、120、150 和 180 d)的浸没实验,研究了 Cynodon dactylon 根的理化性质(根重量密度和根活性)、机械强度(拉伸和拔出强度)和破坏类型的变化,并以不浸没的处理作为对照(CK)。结果C. dactylon 的根重密度、根活性、根抗拉强度和拔出强度迅速下降,随后随着时间的延长逐渐下降,浸没前 15 d 的降幅分别占浸没过程中最大降幅的 65.15%、75.86%、61.14% 和 68.26%。根部机械强度与根部直径之间存在负幂函数关系。浸没增加了拔出过程中断裂失败的比例。此外,浸没对根机械强度和破坏类型的影响受根活性降低的调节。
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引用次数: 0
Unravelling knotweed clonal control of soil microbial activities related to the nitrogen cycle through plant growth phases and ramet positions within the patch 通过植物生长阶段和斑块内的顶生位置,揭示结缕草对与氮循环有关的土壤微生物活动的克隆控制
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07190-9
Cédric Béraud, Florence Piola, Jonathan Gervaix, Christelle Boisselet, Charline Creuze des Chatelliers, Pauline Defour, Abigaïl Delort, Elisabeth Derollez, Léa Dumortier, Alessandro Florio, Léo Rasse, Félix Vallier, Amélie A. M. Cantarel

Background and aims

Knotweeds are known to influence microbial processes. This study aimed to unravel the clonal control of microbial nitrogen cycle activities by established knotweed patches, as function of plant growth phases and ramet positions within the patch, all according to six different soils.

Methods

At six sites, we measured N-microbial activities (free-living nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, substrate-induced respiration), soil N mineral forms, moisture and pH across five plant growth phases and at two ramet positions within the patch (centre and front). The sites were categorized as having High, Medium or Low soil functioning based on (a)biotic parameters (nitrification, denitrification, soil moisture, and pH).

Results

The influence of the patch centre on N-microbial activities varied with soil functioning during the plant growth phases. Nitrification and N fixation increased in Low functioning soils but decreased or remained unchanged in High functioning soils. Denitrification remained constant in Low functioning soils but decreased in High functioning soils. In Medium functioning soil, denitrification and N fixation were reduced, whereas nitrification remained unchanged. Significant differences in N cycle control were found between the patch centre and front, depending on the growth phase and soil functioning.

Conclusion

During the growth period (N demand), the patch centre influences N-microbial activities differently, depending on soil functioning, leading to improved N acquisition in soils with strong competition for mineral N (High and Medium functioning soils). Ramets at the patch centre and front control the N cycle differently, with the centre likely facilitating N acquisition and the front promoting colonization.

背景和目的众所周知,结缕草会影响微生物过程。方法我们在六个地点测量了五个植物生长阶段和六个不同土壤(中央和前方)中的氮-微生物活动(自由活体固氮、硝化和反硝化、基质诱导呼吸)、土壤氮矿物形态、水分和 pH 值。根据(a)生物参数(硝化、反硝化、土壤水分和 pH 值),这些地点被分为土壤功能高、中、低三个等级。在低功能土壤中,硝化和氮固定增加,而在高功能土壤中,硝化和氮固定减少或保持不变。在低功能土壤中,反硝化作用保持不变,但在高功能土壤中则有所下降。在中功能土壤中,反硝化作用和氮固定作用减少,而硝化作用保持不变。结论在生长期(氮需求),斑块中心对氮微生物活动的影响因土壤功能而异,从而改善了矿质氮竞争激烈的土壤(高功能和中功能土壤)的氮获取。位于斑块中心和前部的拉曼特对氮循环的控制不同,中心拉曼特可能促进氮的获取,而前部拉曼特则促进定殖。
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引用次数: 0
What control home‐field advantage of foliar litter decomposition along an elevational gradient in subtropical forests? 亚热带森林凋落叶沿海拔梯度分解的控制主场优势是什么?
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07165-w
Bo Chen, Lan Jiang, Jinfu Liu, Xinguang Gu, Yu Hong, Dehuang Zhu, Wenzhou Li, Daowei Xu, Kaijin Kuang, Zhongsheng He
<h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Aims</h3><p>The Home-Field Advantage (HFA) suggests that litter decomposes faster in its "home" habitat (home-field) due to local decomposer communities being more adapted to decomposing "home" litter. Elevation-induced micro-environmental variations, may break down the relationship between litter and its associated decomposer communities, reducing decomposition efficiency in home-field environments. In study, we aim to explore whether litter decomposition shows HFA across elevational gradients, the driving factors of litter mass loss in home and away, and what controls the litter HFA along the elevational gradient in subtropical forests.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we conducted a foliar litter decomposition translocation experiment along different elevational gradients (900 m-1600 m) in Daiyun Mountain in southeast China, using a 400 m elevational gradient (with a temperature variation of approximately 1.8 ℃) as the span for litter decomposition. We collected data on environmental factors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil total C, N, P, and water content), foliar litter quality (e.g., total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents), decomposer communities (soil fungal and bacterial biomass) and plant leaf traits (e.g., leaf total C, N, P, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) at different elevations. Then mixed linear models and structural equation models were used to investigate differences in foliar litter decomposition between home and away fields, as well as the driving factors for HFA.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Results</h3><p>We found that (1) Litter decomposition showed HFA across elevational gradients, with foliar litter in home-field losing more mass than in away-field along these gradients. (2) Environmental factors were the main driving factors influencing home-field litter decomposition, while litter quality was the main factor affecting away-field litter decomposition and HFA. Fungal communities enhanced home litter decomposition but not away-field litter, supporting decomposer control in home-field decomposition. (3) From the structural equation model, environmental factors and litter quality were significant positive drivers of HFA. In addition, litter quality was the main factor influencing home-field decomposition, as the faster decomposition of home-field foliar litter was a direct positive contributor to HFA, while slower decomposition of away-field litter had a direct negative effect.</p><h3 data-test="abstract-sub-heading">Conclusions</h3><p>Foliar litter decomposition along the elevational gradients exhibited HFA in Daiyun Mountain of subtropical regions, environmental factors are the main factors affecting home litter mass loss, while litter quality is the main factor affecting away litter mass loss and HFA. Additionally, environmental factors influenced microbial communities, with fungal communities having a signific
home-field Advantage (HFA)表明,由于当地的分解者群落更适应分解“家”垃圾,垃圾在其“家”栖息地(home-field)分解得更快。海拔引起的微环境变化可能会破坏凋落物及其相关分解者群落之间的关系,降低家庭-田野环境中的分解效率。本研究旨在探讨亚热带森林凋落物分解是否表现出跨海拔梯度的HFA,主场和外场凋落物质量损失的驱动因素,以及在海拔梯度上控制凋落物HFA的因素。方法以400 m海拔梯度(温度变化约1.8℃)为凋落物分解跨度,在海拔900 m ~ 1600 m的不同海拔梯度上进行了凋落物分解迁移试验。我们收集了不同海拔的环境因子(如空气和土壤温度、土壤全碳、全氮、全磷和含水量)、叶凋落物质量(如全碳、全氮和全磷含量)、分解者群落(如土壤真菌和细菌生物量)和植物叶片性状(如叶片全碳、全氮、全磷、比叶面积和叶片干物质含量)的数据。采用混合线性模型和结构方程模型分析了主客场凋落叶分解的差异,以及HFA的驱动因素。结果:(1)凋落物分解在不同海拔梯度上表现为HFA,在不同海拔梯度上,主场凋落物质量损失大于外场凋落物质量损失。(2)环境因子是影响主场凋落物分解的主要驱动因子,而凋落物质量是影响远场凋落物分解和HFA的主要驱动因子。真菌群落促进了室内凋落物分解,但对室外凋落物没有促进作用,支持分解者对室内凋落物分解的控制。(3)从结构方程模型看,环境因子和凋落物质量是HFA的显著正驱动因子。此外,凋落物质量是影响主场分解的主要因素,主场凋落叶分解快是HFA的直接正贡献因子,而外场凋落叶分解慢则是HFA的直接负影响因子。结论亚热带岱云山凋落叶分解沿海拔梯度表现为HFA,环境因子是影响本区凋落叶质量损失的主要因素,而凋落叶质量是影响外区凋落叶质量损失和HFA的主要因素。此外,环境因素影响微生物群落,真菌群落对家庭凋落物质量损失有显著的正向影响,但对away没有显著影响,支持分解者控制假说。因此,全球气候变化可能通过改变环境条件来影响凋落物分解,这对生态系统中的养分循环至关重要,特别是在海拔差异造成不同微环境的山区。了解不同海拔的主场优势有助于预测森林对全球变化的反应,特别是在对气候海拔变化敏感的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Active aluminum promoted copper uptake by Chinese cabbage grown in an acidic Cu-contaminated soil: A new insight with the diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT) 活性铝促进酸性cu污染土壤中大白菜对铜的吸收:薄膜扩散梯度技术(DGT)的新发现
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07193-6
Linyu Guo, Jing Yan, Yangxiaoxiao Shi, Ke-wei Li, Peng Guan, Ren-kou Xu

Aim

To examine the effect of active aluminum (Al) on copper(II) (Cu(II)) bioavailability in an acidic Cu-contaminated soil and uptake of Cu(II) by Chinese cabbage.

Methods

A pot trial was conducted with Ca(OH)2 and peanut straw biochar (PB) to investigate Cu(II) uptake by Chinese cabbage. DGT (CDGT-Cu) and CaCl2 extraction methods (CCaCl2-Cu) were used to determine soil available Cu(II) and BCR sequential-extraction was used to determine Cu(II) species in the soil.

Results

The amelioration of soil acidity with Ca(OH)2 and PB increased soil pH, promoted Chinese cabbage growth, and decreased Cu(II) uptake by plant shoots/roots. There were highly significant positive linear correlations between CDGT-Cu, CCaCl2-Cu and Cu(II) uptake by plant shoots. CDGT-Cu showed a better predictive effect for Cu(II) uptake by plant roots with a greater correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9756). Thus, the DGT method was more effective in predicting Cu(II) uptake by plants. With increasing soil pH, Cu-HOAc and Cu-Reducible were converted to Cu-Residual, resulting in a decrease in soil Cu(II) bioavailability. The results of Structural Equation Modeling analyses showed that Al uptake by Chinese cabbage had a promoting effect on Cu(II) uptake by the plant, mainly through affecting plant growth indirectly. Soil exchangeable Al inhibited root growth (root length, root dry weight), reduced root resistance of Chinese cabbage and indirectly increased Cu(II) uptake.

Conclusions

Reducing Al toxicity decreased root damage and Cu(II) uptake by plant, improving the edible quality of Chinese cabbage. When remediating acidic Cu-contaminated soils, more attentions should be payed to mitigating and regulating Al toxicity.

目的探讨活性铝(Al)对酸性铜污染土壤中铜(II) (Cu(II))生物利用度及大白菜对铜(II)吸收的影响。方法采用Ca(OH)2和花生秸秆生物炭(PB)盆栽试验,研究大白菜对Cu(II)的吸收。采用DGT (CDGT-Cu)和CaCl2萃取法(CCaCl2-Cu)测定土壤有效态Cu(II),采用BCR顺序萃取法测定土壤中Cu(II)的种类。结果Ca(OH)2和PB对土壤酸度的改善提高了土壤pH值,促进了大白菜的生长,降低了植物茎/根对Cu(II)的吸收。CDGT-Cu、CCaCl2-Cu与植株对Cu(II)的吸收呈极显著的线性正相关。CDGT-Cu对植物根系吸收Cu(II)的预测效果较好,相关系数较高(R2 = 0.9756)。因此,DGT方法在预测植物对Cu(II)的吸收方面更为有效。随着土壤pH值的增加,Cu- hoac和Cu-还原物转化为Cu-残留物,导致土壤Cu(II)生物有效性降低。结构方程模型分析结果表明,大白菜对Al的吸收对植物对Cu(II)的吸收有促进作用,主要通过间接影响植物生长来实现。土壤交换性铝抑制了白菜根系生长(根长、根干重),降低了白菜根系抗性,间接增加了白菜对Cu(II)的吸收。结论降低铝毒性可减少根系损伤和植物对Cu(II)的吸收,提高大白菜的食用品质。在修复酸性铜污染土壤时,更应重视对铝毒性的缓解和调节。
{"title":"Active aluminum promoted copper uptake by Chinese cabbage grown in an acidic Cu-contaminated soil: A new insight with the diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT)","authors":"Linyu Guo, Jing Yan, Yangxiaoxiao Shi, Ke-wei Li, Peng Guan, Ren-kou Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07193-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07193-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>To examine the effect of active aluminum (Al) on copper(II) (Cu(II)) bioavailability in an acidic Cu-contaminated soil and uptake of Cu(II) by Chinese cabbage.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A pot trial was conducted with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and peanut straw biochar (PB) to investigate Cu(II) uptake by Chinese cabbage. DGT (C<sub>DGT-Cu</sub>) and CaCl<sub>2</sub> extraction methods (C<sub>CaCl2-Cu</sub>) were used to determine soil available Cu(II) and BCR sequential-extraction was used to determine Cu(II) species in the soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The amelioration of soil acidity with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and PB increased soil pH, promoted Chinese cabbage growth, and decreased Cu(II) uptake by plant shoots/roots. There were highly significant positive linear correlations between C<sub>DGT-Cu</sub>, C<sub>CaCl2-Cu</sub> and Cu(II) uptake by plant shoots. C<sub>DGT-Cu</sub> showed a better predictive effect for Cu(II) uptake by plant roots with a greater correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9756). Thus, the DGT method was more effective in predicting Cu(II) uptake by plants. With increasing soil pH, Cu-HOAc and Cu-Reducible were converted to Cu-Residual, resulting in a decrease in soil Cu(II) bioavailability. The results of Structural Equation Modeling analyses showed that Al uptake by Chinese cabbage had a promoting effect on Cu(II) uptake by the plant, mainly through affecting plant growth indirectly. Soil exchangeable Al inhibited root growth (root length, root dry weight), reduced root resistance of Chinese cabbage and indirectly increased Cu(II) uptake.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Reducing Al toxicity decreased root damage and Cu(II) uptake by plant, improving the edible quality of Chinese cabbage. When remediating acidic Cu-contaminated soils, more attentions should be payed to mitigating and regulating Al toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nitrogen addition enhances soil aggregate stability by increasing the contents of microbial gluing agents in a subalpine forest 氮素添加通过增加亚高山森林中微生物胶合剂的含量来提高土壤团聚体的稳定性
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07172-x
Zhenqing Gao, Ruiying Chang, Asianya Nzube, Noman Ahmad, Yuanrui Peng, Jing Zhang, Zhanfeng Liu, Tao Wang

Background and aims

Soil aggregate stability is profoundly influenced by elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we evaluate the role of microbial-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) of different origins in mediating soil aggregate stability under N addition.

Methods

We conducted an N addition experiment with three-level (0, 8, and 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in a subalpine forest to study the alteration of soil aggregate stability using mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) as proxies. SOC content of aggregates, glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars were measured to indicate SOC associated with aggregates, derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae and microbial necromass, respectively. The relative importance of these factors in regulating aggregate stability were explored using multivariate analysis.

Results

Nitrogen addition tended to enhance the stability of soil aggregates. In the top 5 cm soil, the N addition level of 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1 significantly (p < 0.05) increased MWD and GMD by 99% and 43%, respectively. Contents of aggregate-associated SOC, microbial necromass, and easily extractable GRSP also increased under N addition and positively correlated with the aggregate stability. Both the aggregate-associated SOC and the easily extractable GRSP (E-GRSP) exerted a direct impact on the stability of soil aggregates. Amino sugars, along with E-GRSP, indirectly influenced soil aggregate stability via their effects on aggregate-associated SOC.

Conclusion

Nitrogen addition improves soil aggregate stability by increasing the contents of soil microbial gluing agents. Compared to microbial necromass, fungal hyphae tend to play a more significant role in regulating soil aggregate stability.

背景与目的土壤团聚体稳定性受到大气氮沉降的深刻影响,但其机制尚不明确。本文评价了不同来源的微生物源土壤有机碳(SOC)在N添加下调节土壤团聚体稳定性中的作用。方法以平均重径(MWD)和几何平均径(GMD)为指标,在亚高山森林进行3个水平(0、8和40 kg N ha−1 yr−1)的施氮试验,研究土壤团聚体稳定性的变化。测定团聚体、glomalin相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)和氨基糖的有机碳含量,分别来源于丛枝菌根真菌菌丝和微生物坏死块。利用多变量分析探讨了这些因素在调节骨料稳定性中的相对重要性。结果施氮有增强土壤团聚体稳定性的趋势。在表层5 cm土壤中,施氮水平为40 kg N ha - 1 yr - 1显著(p < 0.05)提高了MWD和GMD,分别提高了99%和43%。氮的添加也增加了团聚体相关有机碳、微生物坏死块和易提取GRSP的含量,并与团聚体稳定性呈正相关。团聚体相关有机碳和易提取的GRSP (E-GRSP)都直接影响土壤团聚体的稳定性。氨基糖和E-GRSP通过对团聚体相关有机碳的影响间接影响土壤团聚体稳定性。结论添加氮肥通过增加土壤微生物黏结剂含量来改善土壤团聚体稳定性。与微生物坏死块相比,真菌菌丝对土壤团聚体稳定性的调节作用更为显著。
{"title":"Nitrogen addition enhances soil aggregate stability by increasing the contents of microbial gluing agents in a subalpine forest","authors":"Zhenqing Gao, Ruiying Chang, Asianya Nzube, Noman Ahmad, Yuanrui Peng, Jing Zhang, Zhanfeng Liu, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07172-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07172-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil aggregate stability is profoundly influenced by elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we evaluate the role of microbial-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) of different origins in mediating soil aggregate stability under N addition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted an N addition experiment with three-level (0, 8, and 40 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) in a subalpine forest to study the alteration of soil aggregate stability using mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) as proxies. SOC content of aggregates, glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars were measured to indicate SOC associated with aggregates, derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae and microbial necromass, respectively. The relative importance of these factors in regulating aggregate stability were explored using multivariate analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Nitrogen addition tended to enhance the stability of soil aggregates. In the top 5 cm soil, the N addition level of 40 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased MWD and GMD by 99% and 43%, respectively. Contents of aggregate-associated SOC, microbial necromass, and easily extractable GRSP also increased under N addition and positively correlated with the aggregate stability. Both the aggregate-associated SOC and the easily extractable GRSP (E-GRSP) exerted a direct impact on the stability of soil aggregates. Amino sugars, along with E-GRSP, indirectly influenced soil aggregate stability via their effects on aggregate-associated SOC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Nitrogen addition improves soil aggregate stability by increasing the contents of soil microbial gluing agents. Compared to microbial necromass, fungal hyphae tend to play a more significant role in regulating soil aggregate stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Straw mulch and orchard grass mediate soil microbial nutrient acquisition and microbial community composition in Ziziphus Jujuba orchard 秸秆覆盖和果园草调节酸枣园土壤微生物养分获取和微生物群落组成
IF 4.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07144-1
Peng Kang, Yaqing Pan, Jinpeng Hu, Xuan Qu, Qiubo Ji, Chanyu Zhuang, Yufeng Ren, Jun Zhou, Tianjun Wei

Aims

The utilization of straw mulch and orchard grass in Ziziphus Jujuba orchards significantly influenced soil resource effectiveness, altering soil microbial metabolic limitations and enhancing nutrient accumulation. However, the response of soil microbial community composition to soil nutrient stoichiometry imbalance in Z. jujuba ‘Lingwuchangzao’ orchards is not clear.

Methods

This study investigated stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient resources, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. Meanwhile, it was combined with soil microbial community diversity and composition under different management practices in Z. jujuba orchards in the arid zone of northern China.

Results

Straw mulch and orchard grass management reduced C:N imbalance, decreased nitrogen limitation and nitrogen use efficiency, and increased soil carbon limitation. These management practices also increased soil microbial diversity (eg. Shannon and ACE indices), with significant between-group differences by non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. These differences were more significantly affected by relative carbon and nitrogen limitations. Relative carbon and nitrogen limitations were significantly correlated with Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, straw mulch and orchard grass management increased the connectivity and complexity of the soil bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network. Random forest analysis further indicated the importance of microbial community diversity and dominant phyla to environmental change. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that changes in soil stoichiometric imbalance had direct or indirect effects on microbial ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, metabolic limitation, nutrient utilization efficiency, and community composition.

Conclusions

The interrelationships between soil nutrient stoichiometric imbalances and microbial communities under straw mulch and orchard grass management in Z. jujuba orchard can improve soil ecological management practices in arid regions.

目的利用秸秆覆盖和果园草显著影响酸枣园土壤资源有效性,改变土壤微生物代谢限制,促进养分积累。然而,‘灵武长枣’果园土壤微生物群落组成对土壤养分化学计量失衡的响应尚不清楚。方法研究了土壤养分资源、微生物量和胞外酶活性的化学计量学特征。同时,结合不同管理方式下北方干旱区枣园土壤微生物群落的多样性和组成。结果秸秆覆盖和果园草管理降低了土壤C:N不平衡,降低了氮素限制和氮素利用效率,增加了土壤碳限制。这些管理措施也增加了土壤微生物的多样性。Shannon和ACE指数),经非度量多维标度分析,组间差异显著。这些差异受相对碳氮限制的影响更为显著。相对碳氮限制与变形菌门、酸性菌门、子囊菌门和Mortierellomycota呈显著相关。此外,秸秆覆盖和果园草管理增加了土壤细菌-真菌共生网络的连通性和复杂性。随机森林分析进一步揭示了微生物群落多样性和优势门对环境变化的重要性。偏最小二乘路径模型表明,土壤化学计量失衡的变化对微生物生态酶化学计量、代谢限制、养分利用效率和群落组成有直接或间接的影响。结论枣园秸秆覆盖和果园草管理下土壤养分化学计量失衡与微生物群落的相互关系可以改善干旱区土壤生态管理措施。
{"title":"Straw mulch and orchard grass mediate soil microbial nutrient acquisition and microbial community composition in Ziziphus Jujuba orchard","authors":"Peng Kang, Yaqing Pan, Jinpeng Hu, Xuan Qu, Qiubo Ji, Chanyu Zhuang, Yufeng Ren, Jun Zhou, Tianjun Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07144-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The utilization of straw mulch and orchard grass in <i>Ziziphus Jujuba</i> orchards significantly influenced soil resource effectiveness, altering soil microbial metabolic limitations and enhancing nutrient accumulation. However, the response of soil microbial community composition to soil nutrient stoichiometry imbalance in <i>Z. jujuba</i> ‘Lingwuchangzao’ orchards is not clear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study investigated stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient resources, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. Meanwhile, it was combined with soil microbial community diversity and composition under different management practices in <i>Z. jujuba</i> orchards in the arid zone of northern China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Straw mulch and orchard grass management reduced C:N imbalance, decreased nitrogen limitation and nitrogen use efficiency, and increased soil carbon limitation. These management practices also increased soil microbial diversity (eg. Shannon and ACE indices), with significant between-group differences by non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. These differences were more significantly affected by relative carbon and nitrogen limitations. Relative carbon and nitrogen limitations were significantly correlated with Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, straw mulch and orchard grass management increased the connectivity and complexity of the soil bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network. Random forest analysis further indicated the importance of microbial community diversity and dominant phyla to environmental change. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that changes in soil stoichiometric imbalance had direct or indirect effects on microbial ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, metabolic limitation, nutrient utilization efficiency, and community composition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The interrelationships between soil nutrient stoichiometric imbalances and microbial communities under straw mulch and orchard grass management in <i>Z. jujuba</i> orchard can improve soil ecological management practices in arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Plant and Soil
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