Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07056-0
Xin Jia, Wei-Ping Zhang
Background and aims
Positive plant-plant interactions (i.e. facilitation) often occur under stressful environments and regulate population and community dynamics. However, the relative importance of shoot vs. root facilitation in determining plant size inequality (coefficient of variation for biomass among individuals) remains poorly understood.
Methods
We used a two-layer “zone-of-influence” model to explore the effects of competitive size-asymmetry and facilitation on size inequality along stress gradients.
Results
Stress level alone (without plant-plant interactions) had little influence on size inequality. When facilitation was not present, shoot, root, and shoot + root competition intensity generally decreased with increasing stress. Accordingly, size inequality under most interaction scenarios decreased with increasing stress. Size inequality was higher under asymmetric shoot competition (the largest individual obtains all the contested resources) than under completely-symmetric root competition. When either shoot or root facilitation was present, corresponding net effects of shoot or root interactions were positive at high stress levels. Facilitation led to larger size inequality under these interaction scenarios because larger plants tend to overlap more with and thus benefit more from neighbors. Furthermore, size inequality with shoot facilitation was greater than that with root facilitation, possibly because the former is generally size-asymmetric (i.e. larger shoots obtain disproportionately more benefits from overlapping areas), while the latter is more likely to be symmetric.
Conclusion
Our results highlight the role of shoot facilitation in amplifying plant size inequality. Agricultural and forest management in harsh environments may attempt to manipulate aboveground plant-plant interactions to achieve desired production goals.
{"title":"Shoot facilitation contributes more than root facilitation to plant size inequality under environmental stress: theoretical insights from a two-layer zone-of-influence model","authors":"Xin Jia, Wei-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07056-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07056-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Positive plant-plant interactions (i.e. facilitation) often occur under stressful environments and regulate population and community dynamics. However, the relative importance of shoot <i>vs</i>. root facilitation in determining plant size inequality (coefficient of variation for biomass among individuals) remains poorly understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used a two-layer “zone-of-influence” model to explore the effects of competitive size-asymmetry and facilitation on size inequality along stress gradients.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Stress level alone (without plant-plant interactions) had little influence on size inequality. When facilitation was not present, shoot, root, and shoot + root competition intensity generally decreased with increasing stress. Accordingly, size inequality under most interaction scenarios decreased with increasing stress. Size inequality was higher under asymmetric shoot competition (the largest individual obtains all the contested resources) than under completely-symmetric root competition. When either shoot or root facilitation was present, corresponding net effects of shoot or root interactions were positive at high stress levels. Facilitation led to larger size inequality under these interaction scenarios because larger plants tend to overlap more with and thus benefit more from neighbors. Furthermore, size inequality with shoot facilitation was greater than that with root facilitation, possibly because the former is generally size-asymmetric (i.e. larger shoots obtain disproportionately more benefits from overlapping areas), while the latter is more likely to be symmetric.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results highlight the role of shoot facilitation in amplifying plant size inequality. Agricultural and forest management in harsh environments may attempt to manipulate aboveground plant-plant interactions to achieve desired production goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06959-2
Yuxiong Zheng, Zhenhong Hu, Jinshi Jian, Ji Chen, Brooke B. Osborne, Guiyao Zhou, Qian Xu, Zemei Zheng, Longlong Ma, Xian He, Stephen M. Bell, Adam Frew
Background
Deadwood contains a large reservoir of carbon and nutrients in forest ecosystems, its decomposition has considerable effects on forest soil chemistry and biota. Tree functional group and nutrient inputs both have a significant influence on wood decomposition rates. However, little is known about how these factors interactively influence soil biogeochemistry through wood decomposition.
Methods
We examined the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition on wood decomposition of different angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species in a three-year period in a subtropical forest. We explored the outcomes for the underlying soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and saprotrophic fungal communities.
Result
We found that P addition, rather than N, significantly increased total C, P, as well as microbial biomass C and P concentrations in the soil beneath deadwood. These effects were particularly pronounced in the soil beneath angiosperm wood compared to gymnosperm wood, likely related to the higher decomposition rates of angiosperm wood and its sensitivity to P. Similarly, the presence and abundance of soil saprotrophic fungal communities was strongly associated with P addition, where specific fungal responses were more pronounced under angiosperm wood than gymnosperm wood.
Conclusion
Our study underscores the pivotal role of tree functional group in modulating the response of soil nutrient dynamics and fungal community structure beneath decomposing wood in a subtropical forest. These insights are critical for developing predictive models of soil nutrient cycles, which can help manage forest ecosystems more effectively in the face of global environmental changes.
{"title":"Tree functional group mediates the effects of nutrient addition on soil nutrients and fungal communities beneath decomposing wood","authors":"Yuxiong Zheng, Zhenhong Hu, Jinshi Jian, Ji Chen, Brooke B. Osborne, Guiyao Zhou, Qian Xu, Zemei Zheng, Longlong Ma, Xian He, Stephen M. Bell, Adam Frew","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06959-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06959-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Deadwood contains a large reservoir of carbon and nutrients in forest ecosystems, its decomposition has considerable effects on forest soil chemistry and biota. Tree functional group and nutrient inputs both have a significant influence on wood decomposition rates. However, little is known about how these factors interactively influence soil biogeochemistry through wood decomposition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We examined the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition on wood decomposition of different angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species in a three-year period in a subtropical forest. We explored the outcomes for the underlying soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and saprotrophic fungal communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Result</h3><p>We found that P addition, rather than N, significantly increased total C, P, as well as microbial biomass C and P concentrations in the soil beneath deadwood. These effects were particularly pronounced in the soil beneath angiosperm wood compared to gymnosperm wood, likely related to the higher decomposition rates of angiosperm wood and its sensitivity to P. Similarly, the presence and abundance of soil saprotrophic fungal communities was strongly associated with P addition, where specific fungal responses were more pronounced under angiosperm wood than gymnosperm wood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study underscores the pivotal role of tree functional group in modulating the response of soil nutrient dynamics and fungal community structure beneath decomposing wood in a subtropical forest. These insights are critical for developing predictive models of soil nutrient cycles, which can help manage forest ecosystems more effectively in the face of global environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07037-3
Yue Feng, Wei Chen, Shijie Han
Background and aims
Increased N availability transforms labile soil organic carbon (SOC) to recalcitrant SOC in N-limited forest soils under atmospheric N deposition. However, N-induced variation in SOC stability within aggregates is rarely studied. Thus, the mechanism of SOC sequestration in aggregates under N deposition was studied.
Methods
Soils from N-amended and adjacent forest fields were sampled and separated into macroaggregates, free microaggregates and silt and clay (SC) fractions. The microaggregates (mM), coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM), fine particulate organic matter (fPOM-mM and fPOM-m) and SC fractions (SC-M, SC-mM and SC-m) occluded in aggregates were further separated. Their fraction masses, carbon concentrations and lignin indexes were determined.
Results
The fraction masses of 1–2 mm macroaggregates, mM, SC-M, fPOM-mM and SC-mM increased with fragmentation of 2–8 mm macroaggregates under N addition. The carbon contents in mM, SC-M and SC-mM also increased with increasing mass. Nitrogen addition caused distinct lignin loss in the occluded SC fractions. Lignin oxidation occurred in mM, cPOM, fPOM-m and fPOM-mM, while mM and cPOM exhibited increased lignin/N ratios under N enrichment. The results indicate that N deposition facilitated preservation of recalcitrant fPOM rather than carbon-rich particles in mM. The N-induced increase in mM proportion in macroaggregates and carbon stability of fPOM in mM contributed to SOC sequestration in the studied fields.
Conclusion
The quantitative and qualitative changes in mM and fPOM within macroaggregates may predict the positive response of SOC sequestration in the 300-year-old forest to long-term atmospheric N deposition in the future.
{"title":"Simulated N deposition enhances recalcitrant POM occlusion in microaggregates within macroaggregates","authors":"Yue Feng, Wei Chen, Shijie Han","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07037-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07037-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Increased N availability transforms labile soil organic carbon (SOC) to recalcitrant SOC in N-limited forest soils under atmospheric N deposition. However, N-induced variation in SOC stability within aggregates is rarely studied. Thus, the mechanism of SOC sequestration in aggregates under N deposition was studied.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Soils from N-amended and adjacent forest fields were sampled and separated into macroaggregates, free microaggregates and silt and clay (SC) fractions. The microaggregates (mM), coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM), fine particulate organic matter (fPOM-mM and fPOM-m) and SC fractions (SC-M, SC-mM and SC-m) occluded in aggregates were further separated. Their fraction masses, carbon concentrations and lignin indexes were determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The fraction masses of 1–2 mm macroaggregates, mM, SC-M, fPOM-mM and SC-mM increased with fragmentation of 2–8 mm macroaggregates under N addition. The carbon contents in mM, SC-M and SC-mM also increased with increasing mass. Nitrogen addition caused distinct lignin loss in the occluded SC fractions. Lignin oxidation occurred in mM, cPOM, fPOM-m and fPOM-mM, while mM and cPOM exhibited increased lignin/N ratios under N enrichment. The results indicate that N deposition facilitated preservation of recalcitrant fPOM rather than carbon-rich particles in mM. The N-induced increase in mM proportion in macroaggregates and carbon stability of fPOM in mM contributed to SOC sequestration in the studied fields.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The quantitative and qualitative changes in mM and fPOM within macroaggregates may predict the positive response of SOC sequestration in the 300-year-old forest to long-term atmospheric N deposition in the future. </p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07022-w
Erik A. Hobbie, Georg Jocher, Matthias Peichl, Peng Zhao, Zaixing Zhou, Niles J. Hasselquist
Background
Fungal traits such as host specificity and hydrophobicity of ectomycorrhizae may correspond to functional attributes including enzymatic capabilities, carbon (C) demand from host plants, temporal patterns of fruiting, C sequestration, and nitrogen (N) sequestration. Here, we assessed how these traits influenced the timing of C dynamics and fungal processing of C and N, as integrated by patterns of δ13C, δ15N, %N, and timing of ectomycorrhizal sporocarp production.
Methods
We linked these sporocarp patterns to ectomycorrhizal hydrophobicity, host specificity, and daily gross primary production (GPP) across seven N fertilization treatments in two Swedish Pinus sylvestris forests.
Results
GPP of eight and 7–10 days prior to collection correlated positively with δ13C and negatively with %N, respectively, for ~ 80% of sporocarps, reflecting transit times of peak delivery of plant-derived carbohydrates to sporocarp formation. Hydrophobic taxa fruited 7–10 days later than hydrophilic taxa and conifer-specific sporocarps averaged four days later than generalists. Hydrophobic taxa and conifer-specific taxa were higher in δ15N than hydrophilic taxa and generalist-associated taxa.
Conclusions
Higher δ15N and later sporocarp collections suggested greater C demands for hydrophobic and conifer-specific taxa than for hydrophilic and generalist taxa. C accumulation times and high sequestration (hydrophobic taxa, host-specific taxa) versus low sequestration (hydrophilic taxa, generalist taxa) of 15N-depleted chitin and 13C-enriched carbohydrates in mycelia could account for late fruiting, 15N enrichment, and 13C depletion of hydrophobic taxa. We conclude that sporocarp production, hydrophobicity, and host specificity integrated functional information about belowground hyphal development and C accumulation times of C transfers from host Pinus.
{"title":"Ectomycorrhizal hydrophobicity and host association influence ectomycorrhizal C dynamics, N dynamics, and fruiting patterns in N addition experiments under pine","authors":"Erik A. Hobbie, Georg Jocher, Matthias Peichl, Peng Zhao, Zaixing Zhou, Niles J. Hasselquist","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07022-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07022-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Fungal traits such as host specificity and hydrophobicity of ectomycorrhizae may correspond to functional attributes including enzymatic capabilities, carbon (C) demand from host plants, temporal patterns of fruiting, C sequestration, and nitrogen (N) sequestration. Here, we assessed how these traits influenced the timing of C dynamics and fungal processing of C and N, as integrated by patterns of δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N, %N, and timing of ectomycorrhizal sporocarp production.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We linked these sporocarp patterns to ectomycorrhizal hydrophobicity, host specificity, and daily gross primary production (GPP) across seven N fertilization treatments in two Swedish <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>GPP of eight and 7–10 days prior to collection correlated positively with δ<sup>13</sup>C and negatively with %N, respectively, for ~ 80% of sporocarps, reflecting transit times of peak delivery of plant-derived carbohydrates to sporocarp formation. Hydrophobic taxa fruited 7–10 days later than hydrophilic taxa and conifer-specific sporocarps averaged four days later than generalists. Hydrophobic taxa and conifer-specific taxa were higher in δ<sup>15</sup>N than hydrophilic taxa and generalist-associated taxa.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Higher δ<sup>15</sup>N and later sporocarp collections suggested greater C demands for hydrophobic and conifer-specific taxa than for hydrophilic and generalist taxa. C accumulation times and high sequestration (hydrophobic taxa, host-specific taxa) versus low sequestration (hydrophilic taxa, generalist taxa) of <sup>15</sup>N-depleted chitin and <sup>13</sup>C-enriched carbohydrates in mycelia could account for late fruiting, <sup>15</sup>N enrichment, and <sup>13</sup>C depletion of hydrophobic taxa. We conclude that sporocarp production, hydrophobicity, and host specificity integrated functional information about belowground hyphal development and C accumulation times of C transfers from host <i>Pinus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07014-w
Xue Li, Jin Li, Zhi Quan, Di Wu, Yingying Wang, Ronghua Kang, Keping Sun, Kai Huang, Xin Chen, Yunting Fang
Background and aims
Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) is expanding globally. High nitrogen (N) fertilizer application causes soil disease and nitrate residues. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), a common mitigation strategy, involves creating an anaerobic environment through soil flooding, plastic film covering, and greenhouse sealing, typically with organic C addition to expedite the process. These conditions can promote denitrification, causing nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions, but this has rarely been reported.
Methods
15N labeling was used for in situ monitoring of N₂O and N₂ emissions during ASD in a GVP system, in Shouguang, Northern China. Two treatments were implemented: conventional organic fertilization (Fertilizer) and a control (No-fertilizer), with continuous monitoring over 14 days.
Results
Within 14 days, cumulative gaseous N emissions in Fertilizer and No-fertilizer treatments were 0.82, 0.47 kg N ha−1 for N2O, and 40.7 and 25.5 kg N ha−1 for N2, respectively. Organic fertilization significantly increased N2O and N2 emission. In Fertilizer, N emitted as N2O and N2 accounted for 0.3% and 14.5% of organic fertilizer, respectively. From days 1–6, the predominant gaseous N was N2, with an N2O/ (N2O + N2) ratio (RN2O) of 0.007–0.015. From days 7–14, the N2O proportion increased, with RN2O of 0.21–0.75. Isotopic information showed that denitrification contributed to 48.9–51.2% and 27.1–36.7% of total N2O and N2 emissions.
Conclusion
Our findings emphasize the importance of N2 emissions in N loss and provide a basis for studying the fate of N and developing measures to reduce N2O emissions within GVP systems.
背景和目的温室蔬菜生产（GVP）在全球范围内不断扩大。大量施用氮肥会导致土壤病害和硝酸盐残留。厌氧土壤消毒（ASD）是一种常见的缓解策略，包括通过土壤浸水、塑料薄膜覆盖和温室密封来创造厌氧环境，通常还需要添加有机碳来加速这一过程。这些条件可促进反硝化作用，导致一氧化二氮（N2O）和二氮（N2）的排放，但这种情况很少见报道。方法15N标记用于在中国北方寿光的一个GVP系统中对ASD期间的N₂O和N₂排放进行原位监测。结果14天内，施肥和不施肥处理的累积气态氮排放量分别为：N2O 0.82、0.47 kg N ha-1，N2 40.7、25.5 kg N ha-1。有机肥明显增加了 N2O 和 N2 的排放。在肥料中，以 N2O 和 N2 形式排放的氮分别占有机肥的 0.3% 和 14.5%。第 1-6 天，主要的气态氮是 N2，N2O/（N2O + N2）比率（RN2O）为 0.007-0.015。从第 7-14 天开始，N2O 的比例增加，RN2O 为 0.21-0.75。同位素信息显示，反硝化作用分别占 N2O 和 N2 排放总量的 48.9-51.2% 和 27.1-36.7%。
{"title":"In situ 15N labeling reveals high soil N2 emission during anaerobic soil disinfestation period in a greenhouse vegetable production system","authors":"Xue Li, Jin Li, Zhi Quan, Di Wu, Yingying Wang, Ronghua Kang, Keping Sun, Kai Huang, Xin Chen, Yunting Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07014-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07014-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) is expanding globally. High nitrogen (N) fertilizer application causes soil disease and nitrate residues. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), a common mitigation strategy, involves creating an anaerobic environment through soil flooding, plastic film covering, and greenhouse sealing, typically with organic C addition to expedite the process. These conditions can promote denitrification, causing nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) emissions, but this has rarely been reported.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p><sup>15</sup>N labeling was used for in situ monitoring of N₂O and N₂ emissions during ASD in a GVP system, in Shouguang, Northern China. Two treatments were implemented: conventional organic fertilization (Fertilizer) and a control (No-fertilizer), with continuous monitoring over 14 days.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Within 14 days, cumulative gaseous N emissions in Fertilizer and No-fertilizer treatments were 0.82, 0.47 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> for N<sub>2</sub>O, and 40.7 and 25.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> for N<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Organic fertilization significantly increased N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emission. In Fertilizer, N emitted as N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> accounted for 0.3% and 14.5% of organic fertilizer, respectively. From days 1–6, the predominant gaseous N was N<sub>2</sub>, with an N<sub>2</sub>O/ (N<sub>2</sub>O + N<sub>2</sub>) ratio (R<sub>N2O</sub>) of 0.007–0.015. From days 7–14, the N<sub>2</sub>O proportion increased, with R<sub>N2O</sub> of 0.21–0.75. Isotopic information showed that denitrification contributed to 48.9–51.2% and 27.1–36.7% of total N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings emphasize the importance of N<sub>2</sub> emissions in N loss and provide a basis for studying the fate of N and developing measures to reduce N<sub>2</sub>O emissions within GVP systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07048-0
Lok Hang Chan, Shu Kee Lam, Deli Chen, Caixian Tang, Qinglin Chen, Ute Roessner, Vinícius Werneck Salazar, Sneha Gupta, Daniel Anthony Dias, Hang-Wei Hu
Background and Aims
Nitrogen (N) deficiency in soil constrains plant growth, which beneficial soil bacterial communities may potentially alleviate. However, there is limited knowledge of the plant-bacteria interactions of wheat cultivars with different N-use efficiency (NUE) under N deficiency.
Methods
We investigated the responses of soil and root endosphere bacterial communities as well as root metabolites of two wheat cultivars (cv. Mace and Gladius) with reported high and low NUE, respectively, using a glasshouse experiment and a hydroponic experiment with three N levels.
Results
The rhizosphere bacterial community of Mace shifted under N deficiency but not in its root endosphere. Conversely, the rhizosphere bacterial community of Gladius remained unchanged under N deficiency but shifted in its root endosphere. The metagenomic analysis illustrated increased detection of genes related to bacterial growth and motility in the rhizosphere of Mace, but not of Gladius, under N deficiency. A four-fold increase in octadecanoic acid in the root of Mace, but not Gladius, under N deficiency, suggesting the potential role of octadecanoic acid in shaping the rhizobacterial community in Mace with higher reported NUE.
Conclusion
Our study highlights the divergent responses of wheat-associated microorganisms and root metabolites to N deficiency in the two cultivars. We found that wheat cultivars with higher NUE increased octadecanoic acid secretion, potentially shaping the rhizobacterial communities and enhancing their growth under N-limited conditions.
{"title":"Cultivar-specific wheat-associated bacterial communities and metabolites in response to nitrogen deficiency","authors":"Lok Hang Chan, Shu Kee Lam, Deli Chen, Caixian Tang, Qinglin Chen, Ute Roessner, Vinícius Werneck Salazar, Sneha Gupta, Daniel Anthony Dias, Hang-Wei Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07048-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07048-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Nitrogen (N) deficiency in soil constrains plant growth, which beneficial soil bacterial communities may potentially alleviate. However, there is limited knowledge of the plant-bacteria interactions of wheat cultivars with different N-use efficiency (NUE) under N deficiency.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We investigated the responses of soil and root endosphere bacterial communities as well as root metabolites of two wheat cultivars (cv. Mace and Gladius) with reported high and low NUE, respectively, using a glasshouse experiment and a hydroponic experiment with three N levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The rhizosphere bacterial community of Mace shifted under N deficiency but not in its root endosphere. Conversely, the rhizosphere bacterial community of Gladius remained unchanged under N deficiency but shifted in its root endosphere. The metagenomic analysis illustrated increased detection of genes related to bacterial growth and motility in the rhizosphere of Mace, but not of Gladius, under N deficiency. A four-fold increase in octadecanoic acid in the root of Mace, but not Gladius, under N deficiency, suggesting the potential role of octadecanoic acid in shaping the rhizobacterial community in Mace with higher reported NUE.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study highlights the divergent responses of wheat-associated microorganisms and root metabolites to N deficiency in the two cultivars. We found that wheat cultivars with higher NUE increased octadecanoic acid secretion, potentially shaping the rhizobacterial communities and enhancing their growth under N-limited conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07025-7
Andrew Rabas, Anka Colo, Karina Kaberi, Dimitre A. Ivanov, Mark A. Bernards
Background & Aims
Ginsenosides are triterpene saponins produced by ginseng (Panax spp.). Ginsenosides are secreted into the soil during ginseng growth and are mildly anti-fungal and autotoxic. While an ecological role for ginsenosides in maintenance of the sparse density growth habit of wild ginseng populations can be inferred, the consequence of ginsenoside accumulation in densely populated commercial ginseng gardens remains unknown. The potential for residual ginsenosides in former ginseng gardens to contribute to ginseng replant disease (GRD), a condition in which a new ginseng crop cannot be successfully cultivated in a garden used for ginseng cultivation in the past, has been suggested. However, the extent to which ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil and persist beyond harvest is poorly documented.
Methods
We developed an extraction protocol to extract ginsenosides from ginseng garden soil, and established the behaviour of ginsenosides in soil in controlled experiments using ginseng garden soil packed into columns.
Results
Ginsenosides accumulate throughout the first three and a half years of ginseng cultivation and decline during the fourth year. Residual ginsenosides present in garden soil at the time of harvest are largely gone by the following spring. Soil column data revealed that sandy-loam soil has capacity to bind and retain ginsenosides, and that protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides are more mobile than the protopanaxadiol-type.
Conclusion
Ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil during cultivation, but do not persist. Our data suggest that the impact of ginsenosides on the establishment of GRD occurs during crop growth rather than during the time between plantings.
{"title":"The properties of ginsenosides in ginseng garden soil: accumulation, persistence and behaviour","authors":"Andrew Rabas, Anka Colo, Karina Kaberi, Dimitre A. Ivanov, Mark A. Bernards","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07025-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07025-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background & Aims</h3><p>Ginsenosides are triterpene saponins produced by ginseng (<i>Panax spp</i>.). Ginsenosides are secreted into the soil during ginseng growth and are mildly anti-fungal and autotoxic. While an ecological role for ginsenosides in maintenance of the sparse density growth habit of wild ginseng populations can be inferred, the consequence of ginsenoside accumulation in densely populated commercial ginseng gardens remains unknown. The potential for residual ginsenosides in former ginseng gardens to contribute to ginseng replant disease (GRD), a condition in which a new ginseng crop cannot be successfully cultivated in a garden used for ginseng cultivation in the past, has been suggested. However, the extent to which ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil and persist beyond harvest is poorly documented.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We developed an extraction protocol to extract ginsenosides from ginseng garden soil, and established the behaviour of ginsenosides in soil in controlled experiments using ginseng garden soil packed into columns. </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Ginsenosides accumulate throughout the first three and a half years of ginseng cultivation and decline during the fourth year. Residual ginsenosides present in garden soil at the time of harvest are largely gone by the following spring. Soil column data revealed that sandy-loam soil has capacity to bind and retain ginsenosides, and that protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides are more mobile than the protopanaxadiol-type.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil during cultivation, but do not persist. Our data suggest that the impact of ginsenosides on the establishment of GRD occurs during crop growth rather than during the time between plantings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal pollutant that inhibits plant growth and development. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) plays a crucial role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, an MPK gene referred to as mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (AemMPK6) was isolated from Aegilops markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer and cloned to investigate the function in Cd stress response.
Methods
The study was conducted through yeast expression, transgenic verification, quantitative analysis and determination of physiological indexes to clarify the function of AemMPK6.
Results
AemMPK6 expression was highly induced in roots and shoots of Ae. markgrafii under Cd stress. Overexpression of AemMPK6 significantly improved Cd tolerance in yeast. Phenotypic analysis showed that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited higher growth compared to wild-type (WT) under Cd stress. The transgenic lines showed increased Cd accumulation in the roots and shoots, however, cadmium concentration in shoots was significantly lower than that in roots. The expression of genes involved in Cd transport and detoxification such as nicotinamide synthase 1 (AtNAS1) and yellow stripe-like protein 2 (AtYSL2) were increased in roots, but almost similar in shoots of transgenic lines compared with WT. The electrolyte leakage in the transgenic lines was lower than that in the WT. Besides, the levels of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) transcripts (AtαVPE) in transgenic lines were lower than those in the WT under Cd stress.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that AemMPK6 confers Cd tolerance by regulating the expression of ion transport in the roots and inhibiting cell death-related genes to achieve Cd homeostasis.
{"title":"AemMPK6 from Aegilops markgrafii increases cadmium tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Zitong Zhao, Libo Jiang, Xiaojie Ren, Xinhe Zhao, Shang Gao, Xuye Du, Zhongfan Lyu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07042-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07042-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal pollutant that inhibits plant growth and development. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) plays a crucial role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, an MPK gene referred to as mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (<i>AemMPK6</i>) was isolated from <i>Aegilops markgrafii</i> (Greuter) Hammer and cloned to investigate the function in Cd stress response.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The study was conducted through yeast expression, transgenic verification, quantitative analysis and determination of physiological indexes to clarify the function of <i>AemMPK6</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>AemMPK6</i> expression was highly induced in roots and shoots of <i>Ae. markgrafii</i> under Cd stress. Overexpression of <i>AemMPK6</i> significantly improved Cd tolerance in yeast. Phenotypic analysis showed that transgenic <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> exhibited higher growth compared to wild-type (WT) under Cd stress. The transgenic lines showed increased Cd accumulation in the roots and shoots, however, cadmium concentration in shoots was significantly lower than that in roots. The expression of genes involved in Cd transport and detoxification such as nicotinamide synthase 1 (<i>AtNAS1</i>) and yellow stripe-like protein 2 (<i>AtYSL2</i>) were increased in roots, but almost similar in shoots of transgenic lines compared with WT. The electrolyte leakage in the transgenic lines was lower than that in the WT. Besides, the levels of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) transcripts (<i>AtαVPE</i>) in transgenic lines were lower than those in the WT under Cd stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that AemMPK6 confers Cd tolerance by regulating the expression of ion transport in the roots and inhibiting cell death-related genes to achieve Cd homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated wheat grains seriously threaten human health. Here, a novel iron/zinc-supported biochar (Fe/Zn-BC) was prepared and applied to investigate the remediation effects of alkaline soil and wheat contaminated with Cd, focusing on the influence mechanism on the Cd and coexisting elements accumulation in wheat.
Methods
We performed various doses of BC and Fe/Zn-BC treatment in the winter wheat pots. The available Cd content and Cd fraction in the soil, and Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Pb contents in wheat tissues were determined.
Results
The results showed that the contents of DTPA-Cd and DTPA-Pb were significantly reduced by 33-54% and 10-27% in the Fe/Zn-BC treated soil, respectively. The reduction rates of Cd in wheat root, straw, node, flag leaf, and grain in Fe/Zn-BC treatments were better than those of BC treatments. Furthermore, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents increased significantly in root, straw, node, flag leaf and grain. Both the bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) of Cd were decreased with the addition of Fe/Zn-BC, expect for the TFleaf/root. Structural equation model fitting results showed that inhibition of Cd uptake by root and promoting Cd transport from root to flag leaf were the main pathways to reduce grain Cd content. Increasing the coexisting elements of Zn and Mn to reduce the accumulation of Cd in grains through antagonism was another important mechanism in the Fe/Zn-BC treatments.
Conclusion
Fe/Zn-BC was an amendment that efficiently reduced Cd accumulation in wheat grains and had great potential for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
{"title":"Remediation pathways and mechanism of Fe-Zn-supported biochar on Cd accumulation in wheat: wheat tissues and coexisting elements","authors":"Tingting Yang, Xin Xiang, Shengguo Jiang, Jingguo Cao, Yuebing Sun, Yingming Xu, Zongzheng Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07055-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07055-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated wheat grains seriously threaten human health. Here, a novel iron/zinc-supported biochar (Fe/Zn-BC) was prepared and applied to investigate the remediation effects of alkaline soil and wheat contaminated with Cd, focusing on the influence mechanism on the Cd and coexisting elements accumulation in wheat.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We performed various doses of BC and Fe/Zn-BC treatment in the winter wheat pots. The available Cd content and Cd fraction in the soil, and Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Pb contents in wheat tissues were determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that the contents of DTPA-Cd and DTPA-Pb were significantly reduced by 33-54% and 10-27% in the Fe/Zn-BC treated soil, respectively. The reduction rates of Cd in wheat root, straw, node, flag leaf, and grain in Fe/Zn-BC treatments were better than those of BC treatments. Furthermore, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents increased significantly in root, straw, node, flag leaf and grain. Both the bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) of Cd were decreased with the addition of Fe/Zn-BC, expect for the TF<sub>leaf/root</sub>. Structural equation model fitting results showed that inhibition of Cd uptake by root and promoting Cd transport from root to flag leaf were the main pathways to reduce grain Cd content. Increasing the coexisting elements of Zn and Mn to reduce the accumulation of Cd in grains through antagonism was another important mechanism in the Fe/Zn-BC treatments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Fe/Zn-BC was an amendment that efficiently reduced Cd accumulation in wheat grains and had great potential for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07050-6
Katherine Horsfall, Nicholas S. G. Williams, Ruby N. Michael, Stephen J. Livesley
Background and aims
Wildflower meadows are a low-maintenance landscape treatment that can improve urban biodiversity and achieve conservation outcomes, especially when designed to use plants from threatened grassy ecosystems. Cost-effective approaches to create meadows include direct seeding onto mined sand substrates that are placed onto site soils to supress weed competition and enhance sown plant establishment. However, waste subsoils diverted from landfill could provide a more sustainable alternative. This study compares a mined sand with a clay subsoil to understand the relative differences in sown plant establishment and root growth for a range of south-east Australian grassland species.
Methods
Germination, seedling emergence and root development were assessed for six species sown in an 80 mm deep cap of two low nutrient substrates (sand and clay subsoil) overlying a simulated site soil. Rhizoboxes were used to assess the rate at which plant roots could access soils beneath capping substrates.
Results
Sand and clay subsoil supported the establishment of the six sown species. Five species had significantly greater total root length, leaf area and aboveground biomass when sown in recycled subsoil, compared with sand.
Conclusion
Edaphic conditions affect the establishment of native grassland species in wildflower meadows. Compared to sand, recycled clay subsoils provide a more sustainable alternative for establishing designed wildflower meadows and can support rapid root and plant growth in south-east Australian grassland species.
{"title":"Rapid root development in clay subsoils enhances the early growth of native grassland species","authors":"Katherine Horsfall, Nicholas S. G. Williams, Ruby N. Michael, Stephen J. Livesley","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07050-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07050-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Wildflower meadows are a low-maintenance landscape treatment that can improve urban biodiversity and achieve conservation outcomes, especially when designed to use plants from threatened grassy ecosystems. Cost-effective approaches to create meadows include direct seeding onto mined sand substrates that are placed onto site soils to supress weed competition and enhance sown plant establishment. However, waste subsoils diverted from landfill could provide a more sustainable alternative. This study compares a mined sand with a clay subsoil to understand the relative differences in sown plant establishment and root growth for a range of south-east Australian grassland species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Germination, seedling emergence and root development were assessed for six species sown in an 80 mm deep cap of two low nutrient substrates (sand and clay subsoil) overlying a simulated site soil. Rhizoboxes were used to assess the rate at which plant roots could access soils beneath capping substrates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Sand and clay subsoil supported the establishment of the six sown species. Five species had significantly greater total root length, leaf area and aboveground biomass when sown in recycled subsoil, compared with sand.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Edaphic conditions affect the establishment of native grassland species in wildflower meadows. Compared to sand, recycled clay subsoils provide a more sustainable alternative for establishing designed wildflower meadows and can support rapid root and plant growth in south-east Australian grassland species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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