Background and aims Plant-associated microbiomes play a critical role in host health, yet the effects of belowground pathogens on aboveground microbiomes remain poorly understood. Since systemic plant responses can alter microbial recruitment across organs, we hypothesized that plant-pathogen interactions belowground can trigger specific shifts in the phyllosphere microbiome. Methods Here, we used a tomato microcosm system to test whether the presence of three pathogens in soil — Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato , Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici , and Alternaria alternata — alter the plant phyllosphere bacterial community. We characterized the phyllosphere bacterial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and inferred the effect of pathogens on microbial diversity, community structure, ecological strategies, co-occurrence network robustness, and assembly processes. Results While overall diversity remained unchanged, we observed pathogen-specific signatures in community structure, ecological strategies, and assembly processes. In addition, exposure to belowground pathogens led to a reduction in microbial network robustness, a shift from specialist to generalist and competitor taxa, and pathogen-specific taxa enriched through selection. Conclusions Our findings suggest that plants are able to modulate their leaf microbiome in response to different belowground pathogens, even in the absence of visible symptoms. While this helps us to better understand the interactions within the holobiont, our results contribute to the development of microbiome-based diagnostic tools, and the targeted design of beneficial microbial consortia for plant protection.
{"title":"Belowground pathogens rewire the phyllosphere microbiome in tomato plants","authors":"Edda Francomano, Meriem Miyassa Aci, Marialuisa Casuscelli, Leonardo Schena, Antonino Malacrinò","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08364-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08364-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Plant-associated microbiomes play a critical role in host health, yet the effects of belowground pathogens on aboveground microbiomes remain poorly understood. Since systemic plant responses can alter microbial recruitment across organs, we hypothesized that plant-pathogen interactions belowground can trigger specific shifts in the phyllosphere microbiome. Methods Here, we used a tomato microcosm system to test whether the presence of three pathogens in soil — <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>tomato</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</jats:italic> f.sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata</jats:italic> — alter the plant phyllosphere bacterial community. We characterized the phyllosphere bacterial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and inferred the effect of pathogens on microbial diversity, community structure, ecological strategies, co-occurrence network robustness, and assembly processes. Results While overall diversity remained unchanged, we observed pathogen-specific signatures in community structure, ecological strategies, and assembly processes. In addition, exposure to belowground pathogens led to a reduction in microbial network robustness, a shift from specialist to generalist and competitor taxa, and pathogen-specific taxa enriched through selection. Conclusions Our findings suggest that plants are able to modulate their leaf microbiome in response to different belowground pathogens, even in the absence of visible symptoms. While this helps us to better understand the interactions within the holobiont, our results contribute to the development of microbiome-based diagnostic tools, and the targeted design of beneficial microbial consortia for plant protection.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08339-4
Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Marcin W. Woch, Szymon Zubek, Anna M. Stefanowicz
{"title":"Pathways of soil change mediated by an invasive plant, Reynoutria japonica: rhizosphere versus litter effects","authors":"Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Marcin W. Woch, Szymon Zubek, Anna M. Stefanowicz","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08339-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08339-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"334 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08325-w
Jiahui Dai, Han Yang, Aizemaitijiang Maimaitituersun, Kamuran Maimaitiaili
{"title":"Development and contribution analysis of a multi-depth soil organic matter prediction model integrating VIS–NIR spectroscopy and environmental covariates","authors":"Jiahui Dai, Han Yang, Aizemaitijiang Maimaitituersun, Kamuran Maimaitiaili","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08325-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08325-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing litter diversity alleviates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on litter mixing effects during decomposition: a case study of the shrub-grassland ecosystem on the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Liping Li, Qianyi Liang, Yangfei Zhang, Xiaoxi Zhang, Xinde Fu, Kaixuan Liu, Lihong Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08372-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08372-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08375-0
Zhao Zhang, Ling-Ling Chen, Duccio Migliorini, Felipe E. Albornoz, Patrick M. Finnegan, Kosala Ranathunge, Hans Lambers
Background and aims Soil pasteurisation will unavoidably affect soil abiotic properties. Such changes are often overlooked in extremely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils, where even slight increases in P availability can influence plant performance. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether pasteurisation of extremely P-impoverished soil affects growth of Agonis flexuosa and facilitation by Banksia attenuata . Methods In a controlled experiment, we evaluated plant growth and root traits of target species A. flexuosa grown either in monoculture or mixed culture with B. attenuata , under pasteurised soil treatment (PST) and inoculated soil treatment (IST). Results Soil resin P concentration was 20% higher in PST than in IST. In PST compared with IST, A. flexuosa had greater leaf P concentration (1.1 vs. 0.3 mg g⁻ 1 ) and total biomass (5.0 vs. 3.0 g), developed thicker roots with lower tissue density, and showed higher rhizosheath carboxylate amounts. Under PST, the total biomass of A. flexuosa was greater when grown with B. attenuata (7.4 vs. 5.0 g), accompanied by lower rhizosheath acid phosphatase activity than without B. attenuata , whereas total biomass was indistinguishable under IST. Moreover, growing with B. attenuata , biomass of A. flexuosa under IST was 49% of that under PST. Conclusions Pasteurisation of extremely P-impoverished soil increased P availability, likely through microbial P release and reduced microbial competition, thereby enhancing nutrient-foraging traits of A. flexuosa . Pasteurisation may also modify soil redox conditions and promote the release of Mn- and Fe-bound P. Therefore, experiments using soil pasteurisation should assess microbial biomass and changes in soil nutrient pools.
背景与目的土壤巴氏灭菌不可避免地会影响土壤的非生物特性。在磷极度缺乏的土壤中，这种变化往往被忽视，在那里，即使磷有效性的轻微增加也会影响植物的生长。因此，我们的目的是确定极端缺磷土壤的巴氏灭菌是否会影响曲轴草的生长和枯斑草的促进作用。方法采用对照试验方法，分别在巴氏灭菌土壤处理（PST）和接种土壤处理（IST）条件下，对目的种a . flexuosa单作和与薄叶菊混合栽培的植株生长和根系性状进行了研究。结果PST土壤树脂P浓度比IST高20%。在PST中，与IST相比，曲柳草具有更高的叶片P浓度（1.1 vs 0.3 mg g - 1）和总生物量（5.0 vs 3.0 g），根系较粗，组织密度较低，根鞘羧酸含量较高。在PST条件下，与弱螺旋藻一起生长的曲柳总生物量（7.4 g比5.0 g）高于未与弱螺旋藻一起生长的曲柳总生物量（7.4 g比5.0 g），根鞘酸性磷酸酶活性低于未与弱螺旋藻一起生长的曲柳总生物量，而在IST条件下，曲柳总生物量几乎没有差异。与枯草同生相生长的曲柳草在IST条件下的生物量是PST条件下的49%。结论对极贫磷土壤进行巴氏灭菌，可能通过微生物P的释放和微生物竞争的减少提高了磷的有效性，从而提高了曲轴草的营养觅食特性。巴氏灭菌还可能改变土壤氧化还原条件，促进锰和铁结合磷的释放，因此，使用土壤巴氏灭菌的实验应该评估微生物生物量和土壤养分池的变化。
{"title":"Pasteurisation of soil from an extremely phosphorus-impoverished habitat increases phosphorus availability and enhances the growth of Agonis flexuosa (Myrtaceae)","authors":"Zhao Zhang, Ling-Ling Chen, Duccio Migliorini, Felipe E. Albornoz, Patrick M. Finnegan, Kosala Ranathunge, Hans Lambers","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08375-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08375-0","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Soil pasteurisation will unavoidably affect soil abiotic properties. Such changes are often overlooked in extremely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils, where even slight increases in P availability can influence plant performance. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether pasteurisation of extremely P-impoverished soil affects growth of <jats:italic>Agonis flexuosa</jats:italic> and facilitation by <jats:italic>Banksia attenuata</jats:italic> . Methods In a controlled experiment, we evaluated plant growth and root traits of target species <jats:italic>A. flexuosa</jats:italic> grown either in monoculture or mixed culture with <jats:italic>B. attenuata</jats:italic> , under pasteurised soil treatment (PST) and inoculated soil treatment (IST). Results Soil resin P concentration was 20% higher in PST than in IST. In PST compared with IST, <jats:italic>A. flexuosa</jats:italic> had greater leaf P concentration (1.1 vs. 0.3 mg g⁻ <jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ) and total biomass (5.0 vs. 3.0 g), developed thicker roots with lower tissue density, and showed higher rhizosheath carboxylate amounts. Under PST, the total biomass of <jats:italic>A. flexuosa</jats:italic> was greater when grown with <jats:italic>B. attenuata</jats:italic> (7.4 vs. 5.0 g), accompanied by lower rhizosheath acid phosphatase activity than without <jats:italic>B. attenuata</jats:italic> , whereas total biomass was indistinguishable under IST. Moreover, growing with <jats:italic>B. attenuata</jats:italic> , biomass of <jats:italic>A. flexuosa</jats:italic> under IST was 49% of that under PST. Conclusions Pasteurisation of extremely P-impoverished soil increased P availability, likely through microbial P release and reduced microbial competition, thereby enhancing nutrient-foraging traits of <jats:italic>A. flexuosa</jats:italic> . Pasteurisation may also modify soil redox conditions and promote the release of Mn- and Fe-bound P. Therefore, experiments using soil pasteurisation should assess microbial biomass and changes in soil nutrient pools.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08357-2
Franco Daniel Floriani, Verónica Andrea El Mujtar, Renato Sbrancia, Marcelo González Peñalba, Paula Marchelli, Natalia Verónica Fernández
{"title":"Variability of ectomycorrhizal fungal community traits in mixed Nothofagus forests: insights into host plant and environmental context","authors":"Franco Daniel Floriani, Verónica Andrea El Mujtar, Renato Sbrancia, Marcelo González Peñalba, Paula Marchelli, Natalia Verónica Fernández","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08357-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08357-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on acid soil Se bioavailability and Se biofortification in pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis)","authors":"Yongqiang Yuan, Zhenyu Wang, Zhaowen Yang, Zhen Sun, Donglai Jiang, Pan Wu, Shixue Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08342-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08342-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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