Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08276-2
Frederik Norheim Bøe, Thiago Massao Inagaki, Ievina Sturite, Anders Bjørnsgaard Aas, Loes van Schaik, Jannes Stolte
Background and Aims Efficient phosphorus (P) and management is essential for sustainable arable systems. Cover crops (CCs) are promising, but their performance is uncertain in high-latitudes. This three-year study evaluated CCs’ effects on P dynamics in a P-rich soil undersown in barley in Mid-Norway (63.9°N)—one of the northernmost trials of its kind. Methods A randomized complete block design included three CC treatments: ryegrass (CC1), a ryegrass–clover mix (CC2), and a four species mix including grass, legumes and herbs (CC3), and controls without CC (with/without NPK fertilizer). Soil and plant analyses included total and available P, total N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), pH, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, root biomass, plant P concentrations, and microbial abundance via qPCR. Statistical analysis was based on Linear Mixed Models (LMMs). Results Cover crops successfully established (average biomass: 1525 kg ha⁻ 1 ), accumulated ~ 7 kg P ha⁻ 1 , and did not reduce barley yields. LMMs showed significant effects of CC treatment on root biomass, total P, and bacteria. Pairwise comparisons also revealed that fungal abundances in CC1 and CC3 were significantly higher than in the unfertilized control. Pairwise regression revealed that soil total P was strongly predicted by root biomass (β = 1.37, P < 0.001). Available P was negatively controlled by microbial pools (Bacteria: β = -9.22, P < 0.001) and residue quality (C:P ratio: β = -0.36, P < 0.001). Conclusions CCs can be used at 63°N without yield penalty. The primary P mechanism is mass-driven sequestration (root biomass) into the stable total P pool. However, P availability is temporally constrained by residue quality and microbial competition. Graphical
背景与目的高效磷管理是可持续农业系统的基础。覆盖作物（CCs）很有前途，但它们在高纬度地区的表现不确定。这项为期三年的研究评估了CCs对挪威中部（北纬63.9°）大麦富磷土壤中磷动态的影响，这是同类试验中最北端的试验之一。方法采用随机完全区组设计，采用黑麦草（CC1）、黑麦草-三叶草混合（CC2）、草、豆科植物和草本四种混合（CC3）处理，以及不施用黑麦草（加/不施氮磷钾）的对照。土壤和植物分析包括全磷和速效磷、全氮、潜在矿化氮（PMN）、pH、高锰酸盐可氧化碳、根系生物量、植物磷浓度和微生物丰度。统计分析基于线性混合模型（lmm）。结果覆盖作物成功建立（平均生物量：1525 kg ha - 1），累积了~ 7 kg ha - 1，没有减少大麦产量。lmm对CC处理的根生物量、总磷和细菌数量均有显著影响。两两比较还发现，CC1和CC3真菌丰度显著高于未施肥对照。两两回归表明，根系生物量对土壤全磷具有较强的预测作用（β = 1.37, P < 0.001）。有效磷受微生物池（细菌：β = -9.22, P < 0.001）和残渣质量（C:P比：β = -0.36, P < 0.001）负控制。结论CCs可在63°N条件下使用，无产率损失。磷的主要机制是质量驱动的固存（根生物量）进入稳定的总磷库。然而，磷的有效性受到残渣质量和微生物竞争的暂时限制。图形化的
{"title":"The role of undersown cover crops for improving P cycling in high latitudes arable soils","authors":"Frederik Norheim Bøe, Thiago Massao Inagaki, Ievina Sturite, Anders Bjørnsgaard Aas, Loes van Schaik, Jannes Stolte","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08276-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08276-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims Efficient phosphorus (P) and management is essential for sustainable arable systems. Cover crops (CCs) are promising, but their performance is uncertain in high-latitudes. This three-year study evaluated CCs’ effects on P dynamics in a P-rich soil undersown in barley in Mid-Norway (63.9°N)—one of the northernmost trials of its kind. Methods A randomized complete block design included three CC treatments: ryegrass (CC1), a ryegrass–clover mix (CC2), and a four species mix including grass, legumes and herbs (CC3), and controls without CC (with/without NPK fertilizer). Soil and plant analyses included total and available P, total N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), pH, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, root biomass, plant P concentrations, and microbial abundance via qPCR. Statistical analysis was based on Linear Mixed Models (LMMs). Results Cover crops successfully established (average biomass: 1525 kg ha⁻ <jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ), accumulated ~ 7 kg P ha⁻ <jats:sup>1</jats:sup> , and did not reduce barley yields. LMMs showed significant effects of CC treatment on root biomass, total P, and bacteria. Pairwise comparisons also revealed that fungal abundances in CC1 and CC3 were significantly higher than in the unfertilized control. Pairwise regression revealed that soil total P was strongly predicted by root biomass (β = 1.37, P < 0.001). Available P was negatively controlled by microbial pools (Bacteria: β = -9.22, P < 0.001) and residue quality (C:P ratio: β = -0.36, P < 0.001). Conclusions CCs can be used at 63°N without yield penalty. The primary P mechanism is mass-driven sequestration (root biomass) into the stable total P pool. However, P availability is temporally constrained by residue quality and microbial competition. Graphical","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08279-z
Sarah McCarthy-Neumann, Katherine E. A. Wood, Richard K. Kobe
Aims Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are key drivers of forest composition and diversity, yet their direction and magnitude may depend on the mycorrhizal identity of interacting species, environmental conditions, and experimental context. Methods We conducted complementary greenhouse and field experiments using Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh., Prunus serotina Ehrh. (all arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] species), and Quercus alba L., and Quercus rubra L. (all ectomycorrhizal [EM] species) to test how biomass-based PSFs vary with mycorrhizal matching between seedlings and adult trees, light availability, and soil microbial communities. Seedlings were grown in soil conditioned by conspecifics, conmycorrhizal heterospecifics, or heteromycorrhizal heterospecifics under controlled and natural light regimes. Results Consistent with expectations, AM species consistently exhibited negative PSFs under low light, and EM species tended to show more positive PSFs, but this pattern was contingent on light and greenhouse versus field setting. For AM species, negative PSFs occurred primarily under low light and were neutralized or reversed under higher light. EM species showed generally more positive PSFs across light levels and settings, although species-specific differences emerged. PSFs were driven largely by conspecific soil conditioning, with limited influence from the mycorrhizal identity of heterospecific neighbors. Results from greenhouse versus field settings diverged, with field PSFs sometimes attenuated or reversed, particularly for Q. alba. Conclusions These findings highlight that biomass-based PSFs are not fixed species traits but context-dependent outcomes influenced by mycorrhizal type, light availability, and environmental setting. Incorporating these factors is essential for predicting how PSFs influence seedling recruitment, forest dynamics, and biodiversity.
植物-土壤反馈（PSFs）是森林组成和多样性的关键驱动因素，但其方向和大小可能取决于相互作用物种的菌根特性、环境条件和实验背景。方法以红枫、糖槭为原料，进行温室和田间互补试验。李子树（Prunus servtina Ehrh）（所有丛枝菌根[AM]种）、白栎（Quercus alba L.）和红栎（Quercus rubra L.）（所有外生菌根[EM]种），以测试生物量为基础的PSFs如何随幼苗和成树之间菌根匹配、光照有效性和土壤微生物群落而变化。幼苗生长在受控和自然光条件下由同种、共菌根异种或异菌根异种调节的土壤中。结果与预期一致，AM物种在弱光条件下始终表现出负psf， EM物种倾向于表现出更正的psf，但这种模式取决于光和温室与田间环境。对于AM物种，负psf主要发生在弱光条件下，在高光条件下被中和或逆转。EM物种在光照水平和环境中普遍表现出更积极的psf，尽管存在物种特异性差异。PSFs主要受同种土壤调节的驱动，异种邻居菌根同一性的影响有限。温室环境与田间环境的结果存在差异，田间psf有时会减弱或逆转，尤其是白桦。这些发现强调了基于生物量的PSFs不是固定的物种特征，而是受菌根类型、光照可用性和环境环境影响的环境依赖性结果。结合这些因素对于预测PSFs如何影响幼苗招募、森林动态和生物多样性至关重要。
{"title":"Mycorrhizal identity and light shape tree seedling biomass responses in plant–soil feedbacks","authors":"Sarah McCarthy-Neumann, Katherine E. A. Wood, Richard K. Kobe","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08279-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08279-z","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are key drivers of forest composition and diversity, yet their direction and magnitude may depend on the mycorrhizal identity of interacting species, environmental conditions, and experimental context. Methods We conducted complementary greenhouse and field experiments using <jats:italic>Acer rubrum</jats:italic> L., <jats:italic>Acer saccharum</jats:italic> Marsh., <jats:italic>Prunus serotina</jats:italic> Ehrh. (all arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] species), and <jats:italic>Quercus alba</jats:italic> L., and <jats:italic>Quercus rubra</jats:italic> L. (all ectomycorrhizal [EM] species) to test how biomass-based PSFs vary with mycorrhizal matching between seedlings and adult trees, light availability, and soil microbial communities. Seedlings were grown in soil conditioned by conspecifics, conmycorrhizal heterospecifics, or heteromycorrhizal heterospecifics under controlled and natural light regimes. Results Consistent with expectations, AM species consistently exhibited negative PSFs under low light, and EM species tended to show more positive PSFs, but this pattern was contingent on light and greenhouse versus field setting. For AM species, negative PSFs occurred primarily under low light and were neutralized or reversed under higher light. EM species showed generally more positive PSFs across light levels and settings, although species-specific differences emerged. PSFs were driven largely by conspecific soil conditioning, with limited influence from the mycorrhizal identity of heterospecific neighbors. Results from greenhouse versus field settings diverged, with field PSFs sometimes attenuated or reversed, particularly for <jats:italic>Q. alba.</jats:italic> Conclusions These findings highlight that biomass-based PSFs are not fixed species traits but context-dependent outcomes influenced by mycorrhizal type, light availability, and environmental setting. Incorporating these factors is essential for predicting how PSFs influence seedling recruitment, forest dynamics, and biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divergent responses of soil organic and inorganic carbon to edaphic factors within shelterbelts and croplands in dryland, Northwest China","authors":"Tengfei Yu, Tuo Han, Yidan Yin, Baofeng Li, Haiyang Xi, Wei Liu, Qi Feng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08271-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08271-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08303-2
Jéssica Schmeisk-Rosa, Kelly M. Andersen, Amanda L. Cordeiro, Anna Carolina Martins Moraes, Ana Cláudia Francisco Salomão, Rafael Leandro de Assis, Raffaello Di Ponzio, Renata Vilar de Almeida, Maria Pires Martins, Hellen Fernanda Viana Cunha, Nathielly Pires Martins, Sheila Trierveiler de Souza, Gyovanni Augusto Aguiar Ribeiro, José Augusto Salim, Érick Oblitas, Sara Deambrozi Coelho, Adriana C. Conceição, Bruno Takeshi Tanaka Portela, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, José Luís C. Camargo, Patrick Meir, Anja Rammig, Iain P. Hartley, Carlos Alberto Nobre Quesada, Laynara F. Lugli
Background and aims In highly weathered soils of central Amazonia, where nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and base cations are scarce, fertilization experiments have demonstrated above- and belowground effects on total net primary productivity (NPP). This study examined how fine root stocks and turnover responded to added nutrients over a two-year period. We predicted that adding a limiting nutrient would decrease fine root stocks and increase turnover, with the strongest effects from P, followed by base cations, and no response to N. Methods Fine roots (< 2 mm diameter) were sampled from the 0–30 cm soil layer in a low-fertility primary forest in central Amazon subjected to a large-scale factorial experiment adding P, base cations, and N over two years. Fine root turnover was calculated as the ratio between fine root productivity, measured with in-growth cores, and fine root stock. Results Fine root stocks remained unchanged with nutrient addition. However, P increased root turnover by 23% and 48% in the first and second years, respectively, while base cations addition reduced turnover by 24% in year two. N had no significant effect, though a trend toward reduced turnover was observed in the second year. Conclusion The results of this study show that fine root standing stock and turnover in the central Amazon are regulated by soil nutrient availability, especially P and base cations. The contrasting responses observed suggest distinct belowground resource-use strategies for different nutrients, shaped by the nutrient specific mobility in the soil and physiological role in the plant.
{"title":"Phosphorus and base cations drive contrasting root dynamics in a central Amazon forest","authors":"Jéssica Schmeisk-Rosa, Kelly M. Andersen, Amanda L. Cordeiro, Anna Carolina Martins Moraes, Ana Cláudia Francisco Salomão, Rafael Leandro de Assis, Raffaello Di Ponzio, Renata Vilar de Almeida, Maria Pires Martins, Hellen Fernanda Viana Cunha, Nathielly Pires Martins, Sheila Trierveiler de Souza, Gyovanni Augusto Aguiar Ribeiro, José Augusto Salim, Érick Oblitas, Sara Deambrozi Coelho, Adriana C. Conceição, Bruno Takeshi Tanaka Portela, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, José Luís C. Camargo, Patrick Meir, Anja Rammig, Iain P. Hartley, Carlos Alberto Nobre Quesada, Laynara F. Lugli","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08303-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08303-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims In highly weathered soils of central Amazonia, where nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and base cations are scarce, fertilization experiments have demonstrated above- and belowground effects on total net primary productivity (NPP). This study examined how fine root stocks and turnover responded to added nutrients over a two-year period. We predicted that adding a limiting nutrient would decrease fine root stocks and increase turnover, with the strongest effects from P, followed by base cations, and no response to N. Methods Fine roots (< 2 mm diameter) were sampled from the 0–30 cm soil layer in a low-fertility primary forest in central Amazon subjected to a large-scale factorial experiment adding P, base cations, and N over two years. Fine root turnover was calculated as the ratio between fine root productivity, measured with in-growth cores, and fine root stock. Results Fine root stocks remained unchanged with nutrient addition. However, P increased root turnover by 23% and 48% in the first and second years, respectively, while base cations addition reduced turnover by 24% in year two. N had no significant effect, though a trend toward reduced turnover was observed in the second year. Conclusion The results of this study show that fine root standing stock and turnover in the central Amazon are regulated by soil nutrient availability, especially P and base cations. The contrasting responses observed suggest distinct belowground resource-use strategies for different nutrients, shaped by the nutrient specific mobility in the soil and physiological role in the plant.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1007/s11104-025-08228-2
Karen Elizabeth Nuñez-Solano, Lina Riego-Ruiz, Matthew Alan Bowker, Luis Fernando García-Ortega, Nicolás Gómez-Hernández, Nguyen Esmeralda López-Lozano, Dody Morales-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Reyes-Gómez, Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald
{"title":"Spatial turnover of composition and interaction networks in dark biocrust communities of the Mexican Chihuahuan Desert","authors":"Karen Elizabeth Nuñez-Solano, Lina Riego-Ruiz, Matthew Alan Bowker, Luis Fernando García-Ortega, Nicolás Gómez-Hernández, Nguyen Esmeralda López-Lozano, Dody Morales-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Reyes-Gómez, Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-08228-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-08228-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction of a soil organic matter estimation model based on continuous wavelet transform combined with different modelling methods","authors":"Zhen Niu, Jian Wang, Lei Shi, Liying Yao, Yibo Zhang, Haiping Si, Dongyan Zhang, Hongbo Qiao, Hongen Liu, Juanjuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08309-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08309-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08306-z
Qun Li, Yu-Mei Qiu, Lan Chen, Cheng-Zhang Zhao, Bo Li, Hong Yang
{"title":"The relationships between the main root morphological characteristics and biomass allocation of Ageratina adenophora along the Qionghai lakeside, western Sichuan Plateau, China","authors":"Qun Li, Yu-Mei Qiu, Lan Chen, Cheng-Zhang Zhao, Bo Li, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08306-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08306-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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