Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08365-2
Rocío Rodríguez, Antonio Gallardo, Luis Villagarcia, Guiyao Zhou, Tadeo Sáez-Sandino, Samuel Castejón, Ana López, Jesús G. P. Rodríguez, Felipe Bastida, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Background and aim The global-scale abandonment of rural areas is resulting in a mosaic of disturbed ecosystems dominated by ruderal vegetation. Yet, the impacts of climate change on the functioning of ruderal ecosystems remain virtually unknown. Methods We conducted a 4-year field experiment to evaluate, for the first time, the long-term impacts of warming and rainfall reduction on the capacity of a ruderal Mediterranean ecosystem to maintain multiple ecosystem services. Results We found that, in general, ruderal ecosystems are highly resistant to climate change with minor effects of warming and rainfall reductions on plant biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. In fact, we detected small but positive impacts of climate change on certain individual services, with warming enhancing primary production and soil carbon stocks, whereas the combined effects of warming and rainfall exclusion significantly reduced soil carbon stocks. Variation partitioning analysis further revealed that climate accounted for the largest share of variation in both primary production and soil carbon stocks. Conclusions Our results highlight the complexity of climate change interactions in explaining the capacity of ruderal ecosystems to support multiple ecosystem services, and further highlight the overall resistance of these already disturbed ecosystems to climate change.
{"title":"The multifunctionality of ruderal ecosystems is highly resistant to climate change","authors":"Rocío Rodríguez, Antonio Gallardo, Luis Villagarcia, Guiyao Zhou, Tadeo Sáez-Sandino, Samuel Castejón, Ana López, Jesús G. P. Rodríguez, Felipe Bastida, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08365-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08365-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim The global-scale abandonment of rural areas is resulting in a mosaic of disturbed ecosystems dominated by ruderal vegetation. Yet, the impacts of climate change on the functioning of ruderal ecosystems remain virtually unknown. Methods We conducted a 4-year field experiment to evaluate, for the first time, the long-term impacts of warming and rainfall reduction on the capacity of a ruderal Mediterranean ecosystem to maintain multiple ecosystem services. Results We found that, in general, ruderal ecosystems are highly resistant to climate change with minor effects of warming and rainfall reductions on plant biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. In fact, we detected small but positive impacts of climate change on certain individual services, with warming enhancing primary production and soil carbon stocks, whereas the combined effects of warming and rainfall exclusion significantly reduced soil carbon stocks. Variation partitioning analysis further revealed that climate accounted for the largest share of variation in both primary production and soil carbon stocks. Conclusions Our results highlight the complexity of climate change interactions in explaining the capacity of ruderal ecosystems to support multiple ecosystem services, and further highlight the overall resistance of these already disturbed ecosystems to climate change.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08354-5
Arjun Singh, Anchal Dass, Susama Sudhishri, V. K. Singh, R. N. Sahoo, Kapila Shekhawat, Pravin K. Upadhyay, S. S. Rathore, Ayekpam Dollina Devi
{"title":"Subsurface drip fertigation optimizes nitrogen distribution in soil under maize cultivation","authors":"Arjun Singh, Anchal Dass, Susama Sudhishri, V. K. Singh, R. N. Sahoo, Kapila Shekhawat, Pravin K. Upadhyay, S. S. Rathore, Ayekpam Dollina Devi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08354-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08354-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08368-z
Gianmarco Del Vecchio, Hajar Salehi, Federico Ardenti, Alejandro Castro-Cegri, Andrea Fiorini, Luigi Lucini
Background and aims Modern agriculture requires smart and sustainable fertilization approaches. A strategy to delay the nitrification losses involves the use of nitrification inhibitors. Similarly, biostimulants may enhance nutrient uptake efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of the 3,4-DMPP nitrification inhibitor (NI) and an Ascophyllum nodosum -based biostimulant (ANb) in mitigating nitrogen losses while maintaining the growth and physiological performance of tomato plants under low-nitrogen conditions. Methods Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were subjected to different levels of nitrogen regimes combined with NI and ANb applications. Physiological traits, yield, soil and leachate nitrogen dynamics were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics of leaves and roots was performed to elucidate treatment related metabolic reprogramming. Results Under nitrogen-limited conditions, the combined application of ANb and NI reduced NO 3− in leached water by 48% compared to NI applied alone at 14 days after the transplant. This combined treatment enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2), during both early and late development stages, increasing Phi2 values by 34.1% and 73.5%, respectively, compared to 0% N-fertilization treatment. Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinct metabolomic reprogramming triggered by the combination of NI with ANb, with the most pronounced modulations detected in early-stage leaves, in a way related to abiotic stress resilience, defence mechanisms, and carbon–nitrogen balance. Moreover, the combination of NI and low nitrogen resulted in lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in harvested leaves. Conclusions Our findings confirm the impact of NI in low nitrogen conditions, while outlining the complementary and positive contribution of its combination with ANb.
{"title":"Distinctive and synergistic effects of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract and a nitrification inhibitor on tomato growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolomic profile under low nitrogen conditions","authors":"Gianmarco Del Vecchio, Hajar Salehi, Federico Ardenti, Alejandro Castro-Cegri, Andrea Fiorini, Luigi Lucini","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08368-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08368-z","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Modern agriculture requires smart and sustainable fertilization approaches. A strategy to delay the nitrification losses involves the use of nitrification inhibitors. Similarly, biostimulants may enhance nutrient uptake efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of the 3,4-DMPP nitrification inhibitor (NI) and an <jats:italic>Ascophyllum nodosum</jats:italic> -based biostimulant (ANb) in mitigating nitrogen losses while maintaining the growth and physiological performance of tomato plants under low-nitrogen conditions. Methods Tomato ( <jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</jats:italic> L.) plants were subjected to different levels of nitrogen regimes combined with NI and ANb applications. Physiological traits, yield, soil and leachate nitrogen dynamics were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics of leaves and roots was performed to elucidate treatment related metabolic reprogramming. Results Under nitrogen-limited conditions, the combined application of ANb and NI reduced NO <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> in leached water by 48% compared to NI applied alone at 14 days after the transplant. This combined treatment enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2), during both early and late development stages, increasing Phi2 values by 34.1% and 73.5%, respectively, compared to 0% N-fertilization treatment. Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinct metabolomic reprogramming triggered by the combination of NI with ANb, with the most pronounced modulations detected in early-stage leaves, in a way related to abiotic stress resilience, defence mechanisms, and carbon–nitrogen balance. Moreover, the combination of NI and low nitrogen resulted in lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in harvested leaves. Conclusions Our findings confirm the impact of NI in low nitrogen conditions, while outlining the complementary and positive contribution of its combination with ANb.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims Plant-associated microbiomes play a critical role in host health, yet the effects of belowground pathogens on aboveground microbiomes remain poorly understood. Since systemic plant responses can alter microbial recruitment across organs, we hypothesized that plant-pathogen interactions belowground can trigger specific shifts in the phyllosphere microbiome. Methods Here, we used a tomato microcosm system to test whether the presence of three pathogens in soil — Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato , Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici , and Alternaria alternata — alter the plant phyllosphere bacterial community. We characterized the phyllosphere bacterial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and inferred the effect of pathogens on microbial diversity, community structure, ecological strategies, co-occurrence network robustness, and assembly processes. Results While overall diversity remained unchanged, we observed pathogen-specific signatures in community structure, ecological strategies, and assembly processes. In addition, exposure to belowground pathogens led to a reduction in microbial network robustness, a shift from specialist to generalist and competitor taxa, and pathogen-specific taxa enriched through selection. Conclusions Our findings suggest that plants are able to modulate their leaf microbiome in response to different belowground pathogens, even in the absence of visible symptoms. While this helps us to better understand the interactions within the holobiont, our results contribute to the development of microbiome-based diagnostic tools, and the targeted design of beneficial microbial consortia for plant protection.
{"title":"Belowground pathogens rewire the phyllosphere microbiome in tomato plants","authors":"Edda Francomano, Meriem Miyassa Aci, Marialuisa Casuscelli, Leonardo Schena, Antonino Malacrinò","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08364-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08364-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Plant-associated microbiomes play a critical role in host health, yet the effects of belowground pathogens on aboveground microbiomes remain poorly understood. Since systemic plant responses can alter microbial recruitment across organs, we hypothesized that plant-pathogen interactions belowground can trigger specific shifts in the phyllosphere microbiome. Methods Here, we used a tomato microcosm system to test whether the presence of three pathogens in soil — <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>tomato</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</jats:italic> f.sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata</jats:italic> — alter the plant phyllosphere bacterial community. We characterized the phyllosphere bacterial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and inferred the effect of pathogens on microbial diversity, community structure, ecological strategies, co-occurrence network robustness, and assembly processes. Results While overall diversity remained unchanged, we observed pathogen-specific signatures in community structure, ecological strategies, and assembly processes. In addition, exposure to belowground pathogens led to a reduction in microbial network robustness, a shift from specialist to generalist and competitor taxa, and pathogen-specific taxa enriched through selection. Conclusions Our findings suggest that plants are able to modulate their leaf microbiome in response to different belowground pathogens, even in the absence of visible symptoms. While this helps us to better understand the interactions within the holobiont, our results contribute to the development of microbiome-based diagnostic tools, and the targeted design of beneficial microbial consortia for plant protection.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08339-4
Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Marcin W. Woch, Szymon Zubek, Anna M. Stefanowicz
{"title":"Pathways of soil change mediated by an invasive plant, Reynoutria japonica: rhizosphere versus litter effects","authors":"Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Marcin W. Woch, Szymon Zubek, Anna M. Stefanowicz","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08339-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08339-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"334 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08325-w
Jiahui Dai, Han Yang, Aizemaitijiang Maimaitituersun, Kamuran Maimaitiaili
{"title":"Development and contribution analysis of a multi-depth soil organic matter prediction model integrating VIS–NIR spectroscopy and environmental covariates","authors":"Jiahui Dai, Han Yang, Aizemaitijiang Maimaitituersun, Kamuran Maimaitiaili","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08325-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08325-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing litter diversity alleviates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on litter mixing effects during decomposition: a case study of the shrub-grassland ecosystem on the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Liping Li, Qianyi Liang, Yangfei Zhang, Xiaoxi Zhang, Xinde Fu, Kaixuan Liu, Lihong Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08372-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08372-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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