{"title":"Remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil via the coupling of marigold–water spinach intercropping and passivation","authors":"Hui Sun, Kaiqing Sun, Yajie Sun, Yanhong Lou, Hui Wang, Hong Pan, Zhongchen Yang, Quangang Yang, Yuping Zhuge","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08320-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08320-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08319-8
Hamza Negiş, Cevdet Şeker
Aims Ensuring sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions requires both structural rehabilitation of degraded soils and improved water use efficiency. This study evaluated the effects of maize-derived organic amendments maize straw (MS), maize compost (MC), and maize green biomass (MGB) on soil physical properties of clay-rich soils and developed a predictive model for soil rupture resistance using artificial neural networks (ANN). Methods A three-year field experiment was conducted in Konya Province, Türkiye, using MS, MC, and MGB applied at 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha −1 . Soil physical parameters, including macroaggregate stability (MAS), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), bulk density (Pb), modulus of rupture (MR), penetration resistance (PR), and water use efficiency (WUE), were measured. Statistical analyses assessed treatment effects, and an ANN model was trained and validated to predict MR from soil physical indicators. Results High-dose applications, particularly MC4, greatly improved soil physical quality, increasing aggregate stability 4.5-fold, reducing mechanical resistance by 65%, and lowering bulk density by 0.20 g cm −3 . Compost also increased WUE by 223%. MGB4 showed comparable benefits, while straw effects were moderate. A clear dose-dependent trend was observed, and the ANN model accurately predicted MR (R 2 = 0.87 training, 0.70 validation, 0.80 testing). Conclusions Compost and green manure at elevated doses most effectively enhanced soil structure and water use efficiency in calcareous clay soils. The ANN approach provides a practical decision-support tool for evaluating soil mechanical behavior and supports sustainable soil management in arid and semi-arid regions.
{"title":"Maize-based organic amendments improve soil physical quality in a calcareous clay: modulus of rupture prediction via ANN","authors":"Hamza Negiş, Cevdet Şeker","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08319-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08319-8","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Ensuring sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions requires both structural rehabilitation of degraded soils and improved water use efficiency. This study evaluated the effects of maize-derived organic amendments maize straw (MS), maize compost (MC), and maize green biomass (MGB) on soil physical properties of clay-rich soils and developed a predictive model for soil rupture resistance using artificial neural networks (ANN). Methods A three-year field experiment was conducted in Konya Province, Türkiye, using MS, MC, and MGB applied at 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . Soil physical parameters, including macroaggregate stability (MAS), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), bulk density (Pb), modulus of rupture (MR), penetration resistance (PR), and water use efficiency (WUE), were measured. Statistical analyses assessed treatment effects, and an ANN model was trained and validated to predict MR from soil physical indicators. Results High-dose applications, particularly MC4, greatly improved soil physical quality, increasing aggregate stability 4.5-fold, reducing mechanical resistance by 65%, and lowering bulk density by 0.20 g cm <jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> . Compost also increased WUE by 223%. MGB4 showed comparable benefits, while straw effects were moderate. A clear dose-dependent trend was observed, and the ANN model accurately predicted MR (R <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.87 training, 0.70 validation, 0.80 testing). Conclusions Compost and green manure at elevated doses most effectively enhanced soil structure and water use efficiency in calcareous clay soils. The ANN approach provides a practical decision-support tool for evaluating soil mechanical behavior and supports sustainable soil management in arid and semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"291 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s11104-026-08282-4
Xun Wang, Shufeng Wang, Lan Gao, Pan Guo, Hongxia Du, Ming Ma, Heinz Rennenberg
{"title":"Nitric oxide enhances cadmium resistance of Robinia pseudoacacia-rhizobia symbiosis by modulating cadmium speciation, antioxidant defense, and nitrogen fixation","authors":"Xun Wang, Shufeng Wang, Lan Gao, Pan Guo, Hongxia Du, Ming Ma, Heinz Rennenberg","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08282-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08282-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aims Integrating biochar (BC) into agriculture promotes sustainable management of farm residues and carbon sequestration in soil. This study evaluates a novel approach combining suspended biochar with phosphorus (P) fertilizer to assess its effectiveness in promoting P nutrition during early maize ( Zea mays L . ) growth. Methods Biochar suspension (equivalent to 300 kg dry biochar ha −1 ) was mixed with liquid P fertilizer (30 kg P ha −1 , 33 P-labeled) and band-applied to maize in the rhizobox experiment. Five treatments—control without fertilizer, BC only, P fertilizer only, and combined BC + P with and without plants—aimed to assess the effect of biochar on soil P dynamics and plant P uptake. Results Our findings demonstrate that liquid P fertilizer can be effectively combined with biochar suspension without reducing P availability. After 38 days, up to 25% of fertilizer-P was recovered in the soil’s available P pool, regardless of BC presence. 33 P-imaging confirmed that P movement from the fertilizer band was not restricted by BC. Fertilizer increased plant P uptake, height, biomass, leaf area, root length and volume. Biochar significantly increased fertilizer-P recovery in plants from 14.9% to 17.6%, supporting nutrient cycling and fertilizer efficiency. 33 P-imaging revealed higher activity of 33 P in maize roots with BC + P co-application, though P redistribution patterns remained unchanged; plant roots showed neither preference nor suppression near biochar, even upon direct contact. Conclusion Localized co-application of biochar and P in suspension promotes maize growth during critical early stages and increases phosphorus use efficiency, supporting sustainable agriculture and a circular economy. Graphical
背景和目的将生物炭（BC）纳入农业可促进农业残留物的可持续管理和土壤中的碳固存。本研究评价了悬浮生物炭与磷(P)肥相结合的新方法，以评估其在早期玉米（Zea mays L .）生长过程中促进磷营养的有效性。方法在根箱试验中，将生物炭悬浮液（相当于300 kg干生物炭/ h - 1）与30 kg P / h - 1、33 P标记的液态磷肥混合施用于玉米。研究了生物炭对土壤磷素动态和植物磷素吸收的影响。研究了生物炭对土壤磷素动态和植物磷素吸收的影响。结果液肥与生物炭悬浮液在不降低磷素有效性的情况下可以有效配合施用。38天后，无论BC是否存在，土壤有效磷库中高达25%的肥料磷被回收。33 P-成像证实了磷从肥料带的移动不受BC的限制。施肥增加了植株吸磷量、株高、生物量、叶面积、根长和体积。生物炭显著提高了植物的肥磷回收率，从14.9%提高到17.6%，支持养分循环和肥料效率。33磷成像显示，BC + P共施玉米根系中33磷活性较高，但磷的再分配模式保持不变；植物根系在生物炭附近既不表现出偏好，也不表现出抑制，即使直接接触也是如此。结论生物炭和磷在悬浊液中局部混施可促进玉米早期生长，提高磷的利用效率，支持可持续农业和循环经济。图形化的
{"title":"Localized fertilizer co-applied with biochar suspension can increase phosphorus uptake by maize while enabling carbon-sequestration benefits","authors":"Iryna Loginova, Nataliya Bilyera, Callum Banfield, Yakov Kuzyakov, Michaela A. Dippold","doi":"10.1007/s11104-026-08277-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08277-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Integrating biochar (BC) into agriculture promotes sustainable management of farm residues and carbon sequestration in soil. This study evaluates a novel approach combining suspended biochar with phosphorus (P) fertilizer to assess its effectiveness in promoting P nutrition during early maize ( <jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L <jats:italic>.</jats:italic> ) growth. Methods Biochar suspension (equivalent to 300 kg dry biochar ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) was mixed with liquid P fertilizer (30 kg P ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , <jats:sup>33</jats:sup> P-labeled) and band-applied to maize in the rhizobox experiment. Five treatments—control without fertilizer, BC only, P fertilizer only, and combined BC + P with and without plants—aimed to assess the effect of biochar on soil P dynamics and plant P uptake. Results Our findings demonstrate that liquid P fertilizer can be effectively combined with biochar suspension without reducing P availability. After 38 days, up to 25% of fertilizer-P was recovered in the soil’s available P pool, regardless of BC presence. <jats:sup>33</jats:sup> P-imaging confirmed that P movement from the fertilizer band was not restricted by BC. Fertilizer increased plant P uptake, height, biomass, leaf area, root length and volume. Biochar significantly increased fertilizer-P recovery in plants from 14.9% to 17.6%, supporting nutrient cycling and fertilizer efficiency. <jats:sup>33</jats:sup> P-imaging revealed higher activity of <jats:sup>33</jats:sup> P in maize roots with BC + P co-application, though P redistribution patterns remained unchanged; plant roots showed neither preference nor suppression near biochar, even upon direct contact. Conclusion Localized co-application of biochar and P in suspension promotes maize growth during critical early stages and increases phosphorus use efficiency, supporting sustainable agriculture and a circular economy. Graphical","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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