Polar Science最新文献_第8页

Predictability and applicability evaluation of winter temperatures in China based on Eurasian Arctic sea ice concentrations in autumn 基于欧亚北极海冰秋季浓度的中国冬季气温可预测性及适用性评价

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101133

Y. Ma , L. Zhao , J.-S. Wang , Q. Wu , X. Li , Q. Li , W. Cheng , T. Yu , L. Sun

The current trends of a warming Arctic and a reduction in Arctic sea ice lead to remote effects on climate anomalies in mid-latitude regions. We investigate the predictability of winter temperatures in China using an empirical regression model to forecast those temperatures based on the Eurasian Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) in autumn and explore the applicability of this prediction method. Result shows the September Eurasian SIC achieves a highly skilled seasonal prediction of winter temperature anomalies in China. A cross-validated hindcast for the leading principal component of winter temperatures in China using the September SIC within the region (40–150° E, 65–85° N) yields a correlation skill of 0.47 from 1979 to 2018. This suggests that 22% of winter temperature variance in China can be predicted by the Eurasian SIC two months in advance. Winter temperature hindcast/forecast results indicate that September SIC demonstrates a positive temporal anomaly correlation coefficient at most stations in China, with a spatial average reaching 0.32/0.29. However, its forecasting ability for the magnitude of temperature anomalies is relatively weak. Lower tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures, a weak polar vortex, and a strong Ural blocking (UB) in autumn could improve Eurasian SIC's predictive performance.

目前北极变暖和北极海冰减少的趋势导致对中纬度地区气候异常的远程影响。基于欧亚北极海冰浓度（SIC），利用经验回归模型对中国冬季气温进行了预测，并探讨了该预测方法的适用性。结果表明，9月份欧亚大陆SIC对中国冬季气温异常具有较好的季节预测能力。利用区域（40-150°E, 65-85°N） 9月SIC对中国冬季气温的主成分进行交叉验证的后验，得出1979 - 2018年的相关技能为0.47。这表明，中国冬季气温变化的22%可以通过欧亚SIC提前两个月进行预测。冬季气温预报结果表明，9月份中国大部分站点的SIC时间异常相关系数均为正相关，空间平均值为0.32/0.29。但其对气温异常幅度的预测能力相对较弱。较低的热带太平洋温度、较弱的极地涡旋和秋季较强的乌拉尔阻塞（UB）可以提高欧亚大陆SIC的预测性能。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular signatures of environmental adaptation mechanisms of Rhizocarpon geographicum in Horseshoe Island (west of the Antarctic Peninsula) and Türkiye 马蹄铁岛（南极半岛西部）和<s:1> rkiye地区地理根茎霉环境适应机制的分子特征

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101134

Ekrem Bölükbaşı , Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı

The adaptation of lichen species to different habitats and extreme conditions is due to rapid changes in expressions of the genes in their genetic backgrounds. In this study, lichen samples were collected from two different regions: from Horseshoe Island, located to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula and from the west coast of Türkiye. The nrITS gene regions of the samples were studied and the phylogenetic positions of the samples were confirmed as Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. After DNA barcoding of R. geographicum, expression differences of three below-specified stress genes were revealed. Comparative determinations of the changes in the expressions of the multiprotein binding factor-1 (MBF-1), polyketide synthase (PKS), and photosystem II D1 protein (psbA) genes due to temperature or other environmental stress change stress were performed by a real-time PCR. Specifically, under cold stress conditions such as those found on Horseshoe Island, the MBF-1 gene was highly expressed, while PKS and psbA gene expression levels were lower compared to the west coast of Türkiye. The results of this study, which is the first in its field, highlight the adaptation of Rhizocarpon geographicum specimens to those habitats and regional climate. Specimen collected from different geographical regions exhibited gene expression differences.

地衣物种对不同生境和极端条件的适应是由于其遗传背景中基因表达的快速变化。在这项研究中，地衣样本是从两个不同的地区收集的：位于南极半岛西部的马蹄岛和t rkiye西海岸。对样品的nrITS基因区域进行了研究，确定了样品的系统发育位置为Rhizocarpon geographicum （L.）。直流。对地瓜进行DNA条形码分析，揭示了3个特定胁迫基因的表达差异。采用实时荧光定量PCR法比较测定温度或其他环境胁迫变化对多蛋白结合因子-1 （MBF-1）、多酮合成酶（PKS）和光系统II D1蛋白（psbA）基因表达的影响。具体而言，在马蹄铁岛等寒冷胁迫条件下，MBF-1基因表达量高，而PKS和psbA基因表达水平低于 rkiye西海岸。本研究在该领域尚属首次，突出了根卡蓬地理标本对这些生境和区域气候的适应性。来自不同地理区域的标本表现出基因表达的差异。

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引用次数: 0

First record of a halacarid mite Bradyagaue drygalskii (Halacaroidea, Acari) from Lützow-Holm Bay in East Antarctica 东南极洲l<s:1> zow- holm湾halacaria螨Bradyagaue drygalskii （halacaro总科，螨目）的首次记录

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101131

Hiroshi Abé , Ichiro Takeuchi

A halacarid mite, Bradyagaue drygalskii (Lohmann, 1907), in the family Halacaridae, was discovered from the brown alga Desmarestia chordalis Hooker and Harvey, 1845, at a depth of 12 m in Lützow-Holm Bay on the East Antarctic coast during the 35th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition in 1994. This is the first record of B. drygalskii from the region of Queen Maud Land to Enderby Land in East Antarctica. This finding supports the contention that B. drygalskii will be distributed widely in Antarctica. The results of morphological comparison and distributional records for Bradyagaue species described so far suggested that B. aspidionis Newell, 1984, and B. drygalskii are likely to be conspecific. However, further detailed comparisons are necessary to clarify the taxonomic relationship between these two species based on a greater number of individuals.

1994年第35次日本南极科考考察队在南极东海岸l佐霍尔姆湾12米深处从褐藻Desmarestia chordalis中发现了一种Halacaridae螨，Bradyagaue drygalskii (Lohmann, 1907)，属于Halacaridae科。这是东南极洲莫德女王地至恩德比地地区首次记录到drygalskii。这一发现支持了B. drygalskii将在南极洲广泛分布的论点。经形态学比较和分布记录的结果表明，B. aspidionis Newell， 1984和B. drygalskii可能是同种的。然而，为了在更多的个体数量的基础上阐明这两个物种之间的分类关系，还需要进一步的详细比较。

引用次数: 0

Characterization of marine litter in the vicinity of the Machu Picchu Scientific Base, King George Island, Antarctica 南极洲乔治王岛马丘比丘科学基地附近海洋垃圾的特征

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101170

Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre , Williams Ramos , Victor Pretell , Luis Santillán

In the present study, marine litter in the vicinity of the Machu Picchu Scientific Base, Antarctica, was quantified and characterized. A total of 33 items were counted, primarily composed of plastic debris and foams, followed by metallic structures. A high abundance of marine litter was associated with the proximity to the scientific base. Common plastic polymers were identified by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, including polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, acrylates, and polystyrene. The abundance of synthetic polymer materials could potentially release toxic chemicals and microplastics into the environment. We suspect that permanent and seasonal Antarctic bases' maintenance and operation release large amounts of structural waste to their surroundings and lack proper solid waste management. For this reason, enforcing solid waste management systems and internal regulations is necessary to follow the guidelines of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

本研究对南极洲马丘比丘科学基地附近的海洋垃圾进行了定量分析和表征。总共统计了33件物品，主要由塑料碎片和泡沫组成，其次是金属结构。大量的海洋垃圾与靠近科学基地有关。用傅里叶变换红外光谱法鉴定了常见的塑料聚合物，包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯和聚苯乙烯。大量的合成高分子材料可能会向环境中释放有毒化学物质和微塑料。我们怀疑，南极永久性和季节性基地的维护和运营向周边地区排放了大量的结构垃圾，并且缺乏适当的固体废物管理。因此，必须执行固体废物管理制度和内部条例，以遵循《南极条约关于环境保护的议定书》的准则。

引用次数: 0

Projected changes in near-surface wind speed in the Arctic by a regional climate model 区域气候模式对北极近地表风速变化的预估

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101162

Mirseid Akperov , Wenxin Zhang , Torben Koenigk , Alexey Eliseev , Vladimir A. Semenov , Igor I. Mokhov

This study investigates seasonal changes in near-surface wind speeds in the Arctic using the regional climate model (RCM) simulations with RCA4 driven by four global climate models (GCMs) CMIP5 under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In addition, the RCM RCA-GUESS (RCA4 with interactive vegetation dynamics) is used to investigate the role of biogeophysical feedbacks in modulating near-surface wind speeds under different RCP scenarios. Our results show that the reduction in ocean surface roughness induced by sea-ice reduction leads to a projected increase in near-surface wind speeds over the Arctic Ocean, with the most pronounced effects occurring in autumn and winter. Overall, the projected changes in near-surface wind speeds from the RCM are consistent with the changes from the forcing GCMs though the RCM simulations show larger amplitude changes compared to the GCMs. The expansion of vegetation on land increases surface roughness and alters atmospheric circulation by modifying static stability and the land-sea temperature contrast, leading to changes in near-surface wind speeds. Specifically, wind speeds decrease over continental regions but increase over parts of the Arctic Ocean. This study emphasizes that interactive vegetation dynamics significantly influence changes in land surface properties and near-surface wind speeds. These processes should be incorporated into Earth system models to enhance the accuracy of future climate projections.

在代表性浓度路径（RCP） 4.5和8.5情景下，采用区域气候模式（RCM）模拟北极近地面风速的季节变化。此外，利用RCM RCA-GUESS （RCA4 with interactive vegetation dynamics）研究了不同RCP情景下生物地球物理反馈对近地面风速的调节作用。我们的研究结果表明，海冰减少引起的海洋表面粗糙度的降低导致北冰洋近地面风速的预估增加，其中秋季和冬季的影响最为明显。总的来说，RCM对近地面风速的预估变化与强迫gcm的变化是一致的，尽管RCM模拟的变化幅度比gcm大。陆地植被的扩张增加了地表粗糙度，并通过改变静稳定性和海陆温对比改变大气环流，从而导致近地面风速的变化。具体来说，大陆地区的风速降低，但北冰洋部分地区的风速增加。本研究强调植被的相互作用动态对地表特性和近地表风速的变化有显著影响。这些过程应纳入地球系统模式，以提高未来气候预测的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101165

Vladimir Maderich , Roman Bezhenar , Igor Brovchenko , Fabio Boeira Dias , Cecilia Äijälä , Petteri Uotila

We compared circulations under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) and the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) using output from the Whole Antarctica Ocean Model driven by repeated year atmospheric forcing and processed by the particle-tracking Parcels model. Three Lagrangian characteristics were calculated: the visitation frequency, the mean age, and the representative particle trajectory. In both FRIS and RIS, the High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) entered through depressions off the western coast of ice shelves. We found that HSSW transformed into the Ice Shelf Water that departed both ice shelves at central ice front locations (approximately 58-57°W in Ronne Ice Shelf and 175°W in RIS). The outflow through the Ronne Ice Front we identified has not attracted attention until now, although it has been observed. Almost half of the particles departed FRIS through the Ronne Ice Front, whereas about 20% stayed under FRIS. The rest of the particles flow out through the Filchner Trough. In contrast, only 2% of the particles stayed under RIS. The mean age of water leaving FRIS through the Ronne Ice Front and the water leaving RIS was 7–8 years, whereas the water leaving FRIS through the Filchner Trough was about 10 years.

我们利用由重复年度大气强迫驱动并经过粒子跟踪包裹模式处理的整个南极洲海洋模式的输出，比较了Filchner-Ronne冰架（FRIS）和Ross冰架（RIS）下的环流。计算了三个拉格朗日特征：访问频率、平均年龄和代表性粒子轨迹。在FRIS和RIS中，高盐度陆架水（HSSW）都是通过冰架西海岸的洼地进入的。我们发现，在中心冰锋位置（Ronne冰架约为58-57°W， RIS冰架约为175°W）， HSSW转化为冰架水，离开两个冰架。我们发现的通过罗纳冰锋的外流直到现在才引起人们的注意，尽管它已经被观察到。几乎一半的颗粒通过Ronne冰锋离开FRIS，而大约20%留在FRIS之下。其余的颗粒通过费尔奇纳槽流出。相比之下，只有2%的颗粒留在RIS下。通过Ronne冰锋和离开RIS的水平均年龄为7 ~ 8年，而通过Filchner槽离开FRIS的水平均年龄约为10年。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal habitat use of ringed seals in the Thule area, northwestern Greenland 格陵兰西北部图勒地区环斑海豹季节性栖息地利用情况

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101145

Yuta Sakuragi , Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid , Shin Sugiyama , Yoko Mitani

Recent rapid environmental changes along the Greenland coast have significantly impacted Arctic marine mammals. The melting of tidewater glaciers influences ocean environments and ecosystems, potentially changing the distribution and behavior of Arctic marine mammals. The ringed seal (Pusa hispida) is a keystone species in the Arctic marine ecosystem. In this study, four ringed seals were equipped with Argos conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) satellite relay data loggers close to tidewater glaciers in the Thule area of northwestern Greenland to investigate the relationship between their behavior and the marine environment. All seals spent most of their time in the vicinity of tidewater glacier fronts during the open-water period. After that period, the two seals moved out of the glacial fjords due to the formation of land-fast ice and stayed in the North Water Polynya area, where sea ice was relatively thin and sparse during the ice-covered period. Furthermore, CTD data suggest that ringed seals mainly dove to the depths of the water inhabited by the polar cod (Boreogadus saida). These habitat use characteristics, associated with distribution of ice and prey species, could potentially affect the distribution and ecology of this species under future climate change.

最近格陵兰海岸的快速环境变化对北极海洋哺乳动物产生了重大影响。潮汐冰川的融化影响海洋环境和生态系统，可能改变北极海洋哺乳动物的分布和行为。环斑海豹（Pusa hispida）是北极海洋生态系统的关键物种。在这项研究中，在格陵兰西北部图勒地区的潮汐冰川附近，为4只环海豹配备了Argos电导率-温度-深度（CTD）卫星中继数据记录器，以研究它们的行为与海洋环境之间的关系。在开放水域期间，所有的海豹大部分时间都呆在潮汐冰川前沿附近。在此之后，由于陆固冰的形成，这两只海豹离开了冰川峡湾，留在了北水峡地区，在冰覆盖时期，那里的海冰相对较薄且稀疏。此外，CTD数据表明环斑海豹主要潜入极地鳕鱼（Boreogadus saida）居住的水域深处。这些栖息地利用特征与冰和猎物物种的分布有关，可能会影响该物种在未来气候变化下的分布和生态。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation into oil spill dynamics affected by floe-like obstacles with various distributions 不同分布的浮状障碍物对溢油动力学影响的研究

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101168

Motomu Oyama , Akihisa Konno , Takatoshi Matsuzawa

This study investigates the spreading behavior of oil spills under simulated Arctic sea ice conditions with varying concentrations below 60%. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using PVC pipes to mimic sea ice obstacles at concentrations of 13.4%, 26.7%, and 53.4%. Results showed that at lower concentrations, oil spreading isotropically in a circular pattern, while at the highest concentration, the spreading became anisotropic, forming a diamond shape influenced by the obstacle arrangement. Contrary to conventional numerical models that assume decreased diffusion rates with increased ice concentration, the findings suggest that the diffusion rate can increase at higher concentrations due to the spatial arrangement of obstacles. The study also highlights the predominant role of surface tension in driving oil spreading when the oil thickness is below 2 mm. These insights call for refinements in current models of oil spill behavior in ice-covered waters, emphasizing the need to consider both obstacle arrangement and interfacial dynamics for better spill prediction and management in Arctic regions.

本研究调查了在不同浓度低于60%的模拟北极海冰条件下石油泄漏的扩散行为。实验在受控环境中进行，使用PVC管模拟海冰障碍物，浓度分别为13.4%、26.7%和53.4%。结果表明：低浓度时，原油呈各向同性圆形扩散；高浓度时，原油呈各向异性扩散，受障碍物排列影响形成菱形扩散；与传统的数值模型假设扩散速率随冰浓度的增加而降低相反，研究结果表明，由于障碍物的空间排列，扩散速率可以在较高浓度下增加。研究还表明，当油厚小于2 mm时，表面张力对油扩散起主导作用。这些见解要求对现有的冰覆盖水域溢油行为模型进行改进，强调需要考虑障碍物布置和界面动力学，以便更好地预测和管理北极地区的溢油。

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引用次数: 0

Gravity strike angles from EIGEN6C4 to seek conditions favourable for hydrocarbon occurrences in the Arctic zone 利用本征6c4的重力走向角寻找北极地区有利油气赋存的条件

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101157

Jaroslav Klokočník , Jan Kostelecký , Aleš Bezděk

An unusual remote sensing method is employed to seek for the sedimentary areas with possible deposits of oil/gas. The gravity aspects, derived from the global high-resolution gravity field model EIGEN 6C4, namely the strike angles, are used to detect zones on land and off-shore with a higher probability of occurrences of hydrocarbons in the Arctic zone. We utilize our previous experience with the gravity aspects applied for various geological features on the Earth, the Moon, and Mars (everywhere there our knowledge of the gravity field parameters for the respective planet is already sufficient for such a task). The West Siberian basin and Yamal peninsula nearby with known and huge oil/gas resources are used as a test bed demonstrating how our method works. Then, we extrapolate to the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean (till now only with scientific drilling), showing the most promising localities with possible hydrocarbon occurrences. Our results can also be used for speculations about many further untapped places in the Arctic zone with prospective hydrocarbon resources.

采用一种不同寻常的遥感方法寻找可能有油气沉积的沉积区域。重力方面，来自全球高分辨率重力场模型EIGEN 6C4，即走向角，用于探测北极地区陆地和海上碳氢化合物出现可能性较高的区域。我们利用我们以前在地球、月球和火星的各种地质特征上应用重力方面的经验（在那里，我们对各自行星的重力场参数的知识已经足以完成这样的任务）。西西伯利亚盆地和亚马尔半岛附近已知的巨大油气资源被用作试验平台，展示了我们的方法是如何工作的。然后，我们推断到北冰洋的罗蒙诺索夫海岭（到目前为止只有科学钻探），显示了最有希望发现碳氢化合物的地方。我们的结果也可以用来推测北极地区许多未开发的有潜在碳氢化合物资源的地方。

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引用次数: 0

Particle size distribution of ice chips produced under varies drilling conditions in the process of ice core drilling 冰芯钻探过程中不同钻探条件下产生的冰屑的粒度分布

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Polar Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101136

Xinyu Lv , Zhihao Cui , Ting Wang , Yumin Wen , Rusheng Wang

The particle size of ice chips has a significant influence on the efficiency of the transportation of ice chips, the maximum possible rate of penetration, and eventually determines the success or failure of drilling. To determine the factors that affect the particle size of ice chips and elucidate the impact mechanism of the factors on the particle size of ice chips, an ice cutting test stand was built, the ice chips produced under different drilling conditions are sampled using the cutter with straight cutting edge and full kerf width, and the distribution of particle size of ice chips under various drilling conditions was obtained by screening and weighing methods. Finally, the influencing factors and laws on the distribution of particle size of ice chips were determined. The rake and relief angles of the cutter affect mainly the proportion of ice chips with particle sizes smaller than 0.5 mm. As the rake angle and the relief angle of the cutter increases, the proportion of ice chips with a particle size of smaller than 0.5 mm increases. The rotation speed of the drill bit and cutting depth have an impact on the overall distribution of particle size of ice chips. As the rotation speed of the drill bit and cutting depth increase, the particle size of ice chips increases. But as the increase continues, the trend of increase gradually weakens.

冰屑的粒径大小对冰屑的输送效率、最大可能的钻进速率有显著影响，并最终决定钻井的成败。为确定影响冰屑粒度的因素，阐明各因素对冰屑粒度的影响机理，搭建了冰屑切割试验台，采用直刃、满刃的铣刀对不同钻孔条件下产生的冰屑进行取样，通过筛分、称重等方法获得了不同钻孔条件下冰屑粒度的分布情况。最后，确定了影响冰屑粒径分布的因素和规律。铣刀的前倾角和卸角主要影响粒径小于0.5 mm的冰屑的比例。随着切刀前倾角和卸角的增大，粒径小于0.5 mm的冰屑所占比例增大。钻头转速和切削深度对冰屑粒径的整体分布有影响。随着钻头转速的增加和切削深度的增加，冰屑的粒径增大。但随着增长的继续，增长趋势逐渐减弱。

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引用次数: 0