Postharvest Biology and Technology最新文献_第9页

Gibberellin delays the red-turning of jujube fruit during storage via browning inhibition: Insights from targeted metabolomics 赤霉素通过褐变抑制延缓红枣果实在储存期间的变红：来自目标代谢组学的见解

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114147

Tianyu Li , Jiaqi Liu , Jialin Tao , Tong Wu , Mengjun Liu , Shoukun Han

Postharvest red-turning critically impacts jujube fruit quality and shelf life. This study demonstrated that gibberellin acid (GA₃) treatment significantly delayed jujube fruit red-turning during storage, preserving the contents of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and chlorophylls in severe red-turning pericarp. Integrated metabolomic and biochemical analyses revealed decreased anthocyanins and flavonoids but enriched phenolic acids and lipids during red-turning, distinguishing the postharvest red-turning from preharvest coloration of jujube fruit. Furthermore, we also found that GA₃ delayed red-turning by maintaining phenolic and flavonoid levels and inhibiting the accumulation of phenolic acids and lipids while suppressing lignin synthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Crucially, GA₃ concurrently inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO), laccase (LAC), and peroxidase (POD) activities and downregulated key genes (including ZjPPO1, ZjPPO2, ZjLAC7, and ZjPOD1), confirming the key role of pericarp browning in red-turning. Correlation analysis further elucidated the close connections between red-turning and the activities of PPO and POD, levels of ROS and lignin, as well as the content of phenolic compounds. These findings elucidate GA₃-regulated red-turning mechanisms in postharvest jujube fruit and provide theoretical foundations for innovative jujube storage technologies.

采后变红对红枣果实品质和保质期有重要影响。本研究表明，赤霉素酸（GA3）处理显著延缓了红枣果实在贮藏过程中的红化，保留了严重红化果皮中花青素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的含量。综合代谢组学和生化分析表明，在红枣果实变红过程中，花青素和类黄酮含量降低，酚酸和脂质含量增加，这是红枣果实采后变红与采前变红的区别。此外，我们还发现GA3通过维持酚类和类黄酮水平，抑制酚酸和脂质的积累，同时抑制木质素合成和活性氧（ROS）积累来延缓变红。关键是，GA3同时抑制多酚氧化酶（PPO）、漆酶（LAC）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，下调关键基因（包括ZjPPO1、ZjPPO2、ZjLAC7和ZjPOD1），证实了果皮褐变在变红过程中的关键作用。相关分析进一步阐明了变红与PPO和POD活性、ROS和木质素水平以及酚类化合物含量之间的密切关系。这些研究结果阐明了ga3调控枣果采后变红的机理，为枣果保鲜技术的创新提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

LcMYB6 transcription factor confers resistance to pericarp dehydration and browning in litchi fruit through the regulation of aquaporin genes LcMYB6转录因子通过调控水通道蛋白基因，对荔枝果皮脱水和褐变具有抗性

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2026.114188

Benfeng Zhang , Jialiang Liu , Yicheng Yang , Jiabao Wang , Gangshuai Liu , Lisha Zhu , Xiangbin Xu , Zhengke Zhang

Pericarp dehydration is a primary factor contributing to litchi fruit browning, severely limiting the marketability of the product. Aquaporins (AQPs), a class of multifunctional membrane proteins, play a pivotal role in regulating the transmembrane transport of water in plants. However, the specific involvement of AQPs in the dehydration and browning of litchi fruit, along with their underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain to be fully elucidated. The results of the present study demonstrated that control (unpackaged) litchi fruit exhibited complete browning, which was accompanied by severe weight loss (10.2 %), discoloration, and membrane damage after 60 h of storage. These rapid physiological changes were alleviated by the use of polyethylene bag packaging, an effective high-humidity maintenance method. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of 12 AQP genes across the experimental groups, among which four genes (LcPIP1;1, LcPIP2;2, LcPIP2;5 and LcSIP2;1) were upregulated, while eight genes (LcPIP2;7, LcTIP1;2, LcTIP2;1, LcTIP4;1, LcTIP1;1, LcSIP2;2, LcNIP1;1 and LcNIP1;2) were downregulated in control fruit during storage. The changes in the expression of most AQP genes observed in control fruit were substantially counteracted by packaging treatment, thereby ameliorating pericarp dehydration and browning in litchi fruit. Furthermore, LcMYB6, a MYB transcription factor that is induced by packaging treatment, binds to the promoters of LcPIP1;1 and LcPIP2;5. Promoter binding assays verified that LcMYB6 is a nuclear protein that directly represses the transcription of LcPIP1;1 and LcPIP2;5. Transient silencing of LcMYB6 promoted the upregulation of LcPIP1;1 and LcPIP2;5 expression while accelerating pericarp dehydration and browning. These results indicate that LcMYB6 may increase litchi dehydration resistance by directly repressing the transcription of AQP genes (LcPIP1;1 and LcPIP2;5), potentially offering new strategies for controlling pericarp browning in litchi fruit.

果皮脱水是导致荔枝果实褐变的主要因素，严重限制了产品的销路。水通道蛋白（Aquaporins, AQPs）是一类多功能膜蛋白，在调节植物水分的跨膜转运中起着关键作用。然而，AQPs在荔枝果实脱水和褐变过程中的具体参与及其潜在的调控机制仍未完全阐明。本研究结果表明，对照（未包装）荔枝果实在贮存60 h后呈现完全褐变，并伴有严重的重量下降（10. %）、变色和膜损伤。聚乙烯袋包装是一种有效的高湿维护方法，可以缓解这些快速的生理变化。转录组学分析显示，12个AQP基因在试验组间表达差异，其中4个基因（LcPIP1;1、LcPIP2;2、LcPIP2；5和LcSIP2；1）表达上调，8个基因（LcPIP2;7、LcTIP1;2、LcTIP2;1、LcTIP4;1、LcTIP1;1、LcSIP2;2、LcNIP1；1和LcNIP1；2）在对照果贮藏过程中表达下调。在对照果实中观察到的大部分AQP基因的表达变化被包装处理基本上抵消了，从而改善了荔枝果皮的脱水和褐变。此外，通过包装处理诱导的MYB转录因子LcMYB6与LcPIP1的启动子结合；4 . 1、LcPIP2；启动子结合实验证实LcMYB6是直接抑制LcPIP1转录的核蛋白；4 . 1、LcPIP2；LcMYB6的短暂沉默促进了LcPIP1的上调；1和LcPIP2；5表达，同时加速果皮脱水和褐变。这些结果表明，LcMYB6可能通过直接抑制AQP基因（LcPIP1；1和LcPIP2；5）的转录而提高荔枝的脱水抗性，可能为控制荔枝果皮褐变提供新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Ethephon and alternating magnetic field inhibit the browning of fresh-cut stem lettuce by regulating phenolic and reactive oxygen species metabolism 乙烯利和交变磁场通过调节酚类物质和活性氧代谢抑制鲜切茎生菜褐变

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2026.114173

Tuankui Ou , Mengsheng Deng , Yingmei Tao , Huina Li , Wenao Sun , Xingyong Zhang , Dong Li

Enzymatic browning significantly reduces the quality of fresh-cut stem lettuce. This study evaluated the combined effect of ethephon (ET) and alternating magnetic field (AMF) on enzymatic browning, and clarified the inhibition mechanism involved in fresh-cut stem lettuce browning. The results indicated that the ET+AMF combination exhibited the best inhibitory effect on the browning of fresh-cut stem lettuce, compared to both the control and individual treatments of ET or AMF. ET+AMF effectively retarded the decline of quality parameters, including firmness, soluble solids, and ascorbic acid, and modulated key physiological processes by suppressing the respiration rate and mitigating weight and chlorophyll loss. Further investigation suggested that ET+AMF downregulated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities, resulting in the reduced accumulation of phenolics, including chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and protocatechuic acid, and reducing quinone formation. Meanwhile, ET+AMF coordinately accelerated reactive oxygen species scavenging, primarily by augmenting the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, and ultimately maintained the cell membrane integrity of fresh-cut stem lettuce, as evidenced by reduced relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. These findings demonstrated that ET and AMF combined to inhibit stem lettuce browning by dual-regulating phenolic metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, offering a novel strategy for controlling enzymatic browning.

酶促褐变显著降低了鲜切生菜的品质。本研究考察了乙烯利（ET）和交变磁场（AMF）对生菜酶促褐变的联合作用，阐明了其抑制鲜切生菜褐变的机制。结果表明，与ET或AMF单独处理和对照处理相比，ET+AMF联合处理对鲜切茎生菜褐变的抑制效果最好。ET+AMF有效延缓了硬度、可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸等品质参数的下降，并通过抑制呼吸速率、减轻体重和叶绿素损失来调节关键生理过程。进一步研究表明，ET+AMF下调苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶活性，导致绿原、咖啡酸、阿魏酸和原儿茶酸等酚类物质的积累减少，并减少醌的形成。同时，ET+AMF主要通过提高过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性，协同加速活性氧的清除，最终维持鲜切茎生菜细胞膜的完整性，减少相对电解质泄漏和丙二醛含量。这些结果表明，ET和AMF通过双调控酚类代谢和活性氧（ROS）稳态共同抑制茎叶莴苣褐变，为控制酶促褐变提供了一种新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-pathway antifungal mechanism of liquiritin against Fusarium sulphureum unlocks new green strategies for potato storage 甘草素对硫镰刀菌的多途径抗真菌机制为马铃薯保鲜开辟了新的绿色策略

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114151

Yaqin Tian , Yalan He , Ting Liu , Weixia Yang , Lichao Pan , Haiwei Ren , Tianyou Chen , Wenguang Fan

Dry rot caused by Fusarium sulphureum is one of the major postharvest diseases of potato tubers, often leading to substantial storage losses. In this study, the antifungal activity of the liquiritin against F. sulphureum was systematically evaluated both in vivo and in vitro, and its potential mode of action was preliminarily explored. Liquiritin (≥ 0.8 g L⁻¹) significantly reduced disease incidence and lesion expansion in inoculated tubers during 21 d of storage. In vitro assays revealed that liquiritin markedly inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination, biomass accumulation, and sporulation of F. sulphureum in a dose - dependent manner, with both the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration determined to be 1.6 g L⁻¹ . Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that liquiritin treatment induced severe morphological alterations, including hyphal deformation, surface collapse, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and disruption of cell wall and plasma membrane structures. In the treated fungal cells, abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected, accompanied by elevated H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ levels and aggravated membrane lipid peroxidation. Transcriptomic analysis was performed based on whole - genome sequencing, revealing that liquiritin induced transcriptional changes in multiple pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, MAPK signaling, and autophagy - related processes. These findings provide new evidence for the antifungal mode of action of liquiritin and support the potential application of flavonoid - derived compounds as environmentally friendly antifungal agents for the control of potato dry rot during storage.

由硫镰刀菌引起的干腐病是马铃薯块茎的主要采后病害之一，经常导致大量的贮藏损失。本研究系统评价了甘草素在体内和体外的抗真菌活性，并初步探讨了其潜在的作用方式。Liquiritin（≥0.8 g L⁻¹）在21 d的贮藏过程中显著降低了接种块茎的发病率和病变扩展。体外实验表明，甘草素能显著抑制真菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、生物量积累和产孢，且呈剂量依赖性，最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均为1.6 g L⁻¹ 。扫描电镜和透射电镜显示，甘草素处理引起了严重的形态学改变，包括菌丝变形、表面塌陷、细胞质空泡化、细胞壁和质膜结构破坏。在处理过的真菌细胞中，检测到活性氧（ROS）的异常积累，伴随着H₂O₂和O₂毒血症的升高和膜脂过氧化的加剧。转录组学分析基于全基因组测序，揭示了liquiritin诱导多种途径的转录变化，包括氧化磷酸化、谷胱甘肽代谢、MAPK信号传导和自噬相关过程。这些发现为甘草素的抗真菌作用方式提供了新的证据，支持了类黄酮衍生化合物作为环境友好型抗真菌剂在马铃薯贮藏干腐病防治中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Calmodulin-like protein CpCML46 interacts with transcription factor CpERF12 to regulate papaya fruit ripening 钙调素样蛋白CpCML46与转录因子CpERF12相互作用调控木瓜果实成熟

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114146

Qiunan Zhu , Xinmiao Kang , Keyuan Zhang , Faiz Ur Rahman , Xiangting Wang , Yankai Huang , Ruyi Luo , Hongtao Lei , Weixin Chen , Xueping Li , Xiaoyang Zhu

Calmodulin-like protein (CML) is one of calcium sensor proteins that are responsible for receiving, translating and transmitting calcium signaling to downstream targets. In this research, it was observed that CpCML46 exhibits an expression profile strongly associated with papaya fruit ripening. The transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays demonstrated that CpCML46 acts as a positive player in enhancing papaya fruit ripening. The heterologous overexpression of CpCML46 in tomato also promotes the ripening of fruits and promotes the transcription of ripening-associated genes. CpCML46 interacts with the transcription factor CpERF12, which acts as a transcriptional suppressor, with its expression level progressively declining during fruit ripening. Ethephon (ETH) treatment inhibits its expression while 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment promotes it. CpERF12 binds to and inhibits the promoter activities of the ethylene signal transduction-related gene CpETR2-like, and the cell wall degradation and remodeling-related genes CpPE, CpPE12 and CpEXPA11. The interaction of CpCML46 and CpERF12 reduced the inhibitory effect of CpERF12 on downstream target genes. Transient overexpression of CpERF12 inhibited the ripening process of papaya fruits, repressed the expression of CpETR2-like, CpPE, CpPE12 and CpEXPA11. The present work reveals that CpCML46 not function as canonical calcium sensor, but interact with CpERF12 to form a CpCML46-CpERF12 regulator module, involved in the ethylene signal to mediate papaya fruit ripening.

钙调素样蛋白（Calmodulin-like protein， CML）是一种钙传感器蛋白，负责钙信号的接收、翻译和传递。在本研究中，我们观察到CpCML46的表达谱与木瓜果实成熟密切相关。瞬时过表达和病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）实验表明，CpCML46在促进木瓜果实成熟中起积极作用。CpCML46在番茄中的异源过表达也促进了果实的成熟，促进了成熟相关基因的转录。CpCML46与转录抑制因子CpERF12相互作用，其表达水平在果实成熟过程中逐渐下降。乙烯利（ETH）抑制其表达，而1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）促进其表达。CpERF12结合并抑制乙烯信号转导相关基因CpETR2-like和细胞壁降解和重塑相关基因CpPE、CpPE12和CpEXPA11的启动子活性。CpCML46和CpERF12的相互作用降低了CpERF12对下游靶基因的抑制作用。CpERF12的过表达抑制了木瓜果实的成熟过程，抑制了cpetr2样蛋白、CpPE、CpPE12和CpEXPA11的表达。本研究表明，CpCML46不是典型的钙传感器，而是与CpERF12相互作用形成CpCML46-CpERF12调控模块，参与乙烯信号介导木瓜果实成熟。

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引用次数: 0

AcERF61 transcription factor mediates ethylene-induced kiwifruit softening through directly regulating cell wall degradation genes AcERF61转录因子通过直接调控细胞壁降解基因介导乙烯诱导的猕猴桃软化

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114077

Lufan Wang , Jiaxu Mao , Shiying Zhang , Huijuan Zhou , Libin Wang , Liang Zhou , Mengyuan Chen , Ziyi Yuan , Xiangzhen Sun , Shuling Shen , Xiaolin Zheng , Chen Huan

Ready-to-eat kiwifruit is increasingly favored by consumers, and fruit firmness is a key indicator of its edibility. Studies have shown that ethylene and its signaling pathways are involved in regulating fruit softening. However, in kiwifruit, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene-mediated postharvest softening remains limited, and the specific regulatory targets have yet to be fully elucidated. This study identified and characterized AcERF61, an ethylene response factor from 'Xuxiang' kiwifruit, and elucidated its regulatory role in fruit softening. AcERF61 was characterized as an ethylene-inducible nuclear protein with transcriptional activation activity. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) identified 2644 genome-wide binding sites for AcERF61, revealing three key target genes involved in cell wall degradation, including AcPME1 (pectin methylesterase), AcPL1 (pectin lyase), and AcCEL1 (cellulase). AcERF61 directly bound to a novel motif (GTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGG) in the promoter regions of these genes, as confirmed by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays. Transient overexpression of AcERF61 in kiwifruit significantly enhanced the expression of target genes (AcPME1, AcPL1, and AcCEL1), and caused cell wall loosening and degradation. Conversely, virus-induced gene silencing of AcERF61 suppressed target gene expression, and preserved cell wall integrity. These findings demonstrate that AcERF61 acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of kiwifruit softening by directly modulating the expression of genes involved in cell wall degradation, providing valuable insights for developing precision postharvest technologies and improving ready-to-eat kiwifruit quality.

即食猕猴桃越来越受到消费者的青睐，水果硬度是其可食性的关键指标。研究表明，乙烯及其信号通路参与调节水果软化。然而，在猕猴桃中，乙烯介导的采后软化的分子机制研究仍然有限，具体的调控靶点尚未完全阐明。本研究鉴定了徐香猕猴桃乙烯响应因子AcERF61，并对其在果实软化过程中的调控作用进行了研究。AcERF61是一种具有转录激活活性的乙烯诱导核蛋白。DNA亲和纯化测序（DAP-seq）鉴定出2644个AcERF61全基因组结合位点，揭示了参与细胞壁降解的三个关键靶基因，包括AcPME1（果胶甲基化酯酶）、AcPL1（果胶裂解酶）和AcCEL1（纤维素酶）。AcERF61在这些基因的启动子区域直接结合一个新的基序（gtggtggtggtggtggtggtggtggg），经酵母单杂交（Y1H）、电泳迁移转移试验（EMSA）和双荧光素酶报告基因（DLR）试验证实。AcERF61在猕猴桃中的瞬时过表达显著提高了靶基因AcPME1、AcPL1和AcCEL1的表达，导致细胞壁松动和降解。相反，病毒诱导的AcERF61基因沉默抑制了靶基因的表达，并保持了细胞壁的完整性。这些研究结果表明，AcERF61通过直接调节细胞壁降解相关基因的表达，作为猕猴桃软化的正转录调控因子，为开发精准采后技术和提高即食猕猴桃品质提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Flat nectarine cold chain breakage accelerates postharvest ripening and fruit flesh cell wall degradation 扁桃冷链断裂加速采后成熟和果肉细胞壁降解

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114078

Qianqi Xu , Guogang Chen , Minrui Guo , Shaobo Cheng , Jiankang Cao , Wanting Yang , Weida Zhang

Flat nectarine often experience cold chain breakage during loading and unloading, but the impact of the resulting temperature fluctuations on their post-harvest quality remains unclear. In this study, simulate cold chain group (SC) and simulate cold chain fracture group (SF) were set up to investigate the postharvest quality and softening related cell wall metabolism of flat nectarines. Compared with SC, SF underwent two 6-hour heating periods at 25 ± 1 ℃, with increased rot, weight loss, soluble solids, and earlier respiration intensity and ethylene peak production. In addition, cold chain breakage enhanced the expression of PpCx, PpPME1, Ppβ-GAL5, PpPG1, and PpPL, which increase the activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes, Cx, β-Gal, XET, α-ARF, xyl, PG, PL, and PME. The changes are associated with decrease in cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin (CSP, SSP) contents, accelerating fruit softening. Microscopic observation revealed that the cell wall disintegration and fruit peel wax shedding were more pronounced following cold chain breakage. Overall, cold chain breakage caused premature ripening and aging of flat nectarine, intensified softening, and increased decay and weight loss. Therefore, supply chains should be optimized in the later stages to minimize economic losses.

扁油桃在装卸过程中经常经历冷链断裂，但由此产生的温度波动对其收获后品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究设置模拟冷链组（SC）和模拟冷链断裂组（SF），研究扁平油桃采后品质及软化相关细胞壁代谢。与SC相比，SF在25 ± 1℃下经历了2个6小时的加热周期，腐烂、失重、可溶性固形物增加，呼吸强度和乙烯峰值产生提前。此外，冷链断裂增加了PpCx、PpPME1、Ppβ-GAL5、PpPG1和PpPL的表达，从而增加了细胞壁修饰酶Cx、β-Gal、XET、α-ARF、xyl、PG、PL和PME的活性。这些变化与纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶（CSP、SSP）含量的减少有关，加速了果实的软化。显微镜观察发现，冷链断裂后，果壁崩解和果皮蜡脱落更为明显。总体而言，冷链断裂导致扁平油桃早熟老化，软化加剧，腐烂和失重增加。因此，在后期要对供应链进行优化，尽量减少经济损失。

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引用次数: 0

A chitosan emulsion containing Phoebe bournei wood essential oil for inhibiting Botrytis cinerea and extending the shelf-life of cherry tomato 含金缕梅精油的壳聚糖乳液抑制樱桃番茄灰霉病，延长樱桃番茄保质期

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114093

Yan Yang , Zhen Wang , Yan Wang, Bao’an Wang, Yuting Zhang, Zaikang Tong, Junhong Zhang

The excellent antifungal activity of Phoebe bournei wood essential oil (PWEO) has been widely recognized. However, its practical application is hindered by poor water dispersibility and high volatility. Encapsulating essential oils in nanoparticles has become a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. This is the first time that PWEO has been encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles to form a PWEO-loaded chitosan nanoemulsion (PWEO-CSNE). The PWEO-CSNE was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). DLS results indicated that the nanoparticle size of PWEO-CSNE ranged from 242.200 ± 1.061 nm to 263.967 ± 4.570 nm. XRD and FTIR analyses collectively confirmed the successful encapsulation of PWEO within the chitosan particles. SEM observations revealed that the PWEO-CSNE nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology, with a slight decrease in zeta potential. In both in vivo and in vitro tests, PWEO-CSNE (at a 1:0.75, w/w ratio) completely inhibited (100 %) the development of gray mold lesions on cherry tomato fruit during a 7-day incubation period and significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea. In a 10-day preservation experiment, PWEO-CSNE (1:0.75, w/w) effectively extended the shelf life of cherry tomato by reducing weight loss, minimizing color difference, slowing the decline in titratable acidity,increasing the contents of soluble sugars, flavonoids, total phenols, and carotenoids, and enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities.This study identifies the PWEO-CSNE emulsion (1:0.75, w/w), with its excellent dispersivity and antifungal efficacy, as a promising and novel solution for controlling gray mold and preserving the quality of postharvest cherry tomato.

菲比木精油（PWEO）具有良好的抗真菌活性，已得到广泛认可。但其水分散性差、挥发性高，阻碍了其实际应用。将精油封装在纳米颗粒中已经成为克服这些限制的一种很有前途的策略。这是首次将PWEO包封在壳聚糖纳米颗粒中，形成负载PWEO的壳聚糖纳米乳（PWEO- csne）。采用动态光散射（DLS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）对PWEO-CSNE进行了表征。DLS结果表明，PWEO-CSNE的纳米粒径范围为242.200 ± 1.061 nm ~ 263.967 ± 4.570 nm。XRD和FTIR分析共同证实了PWEO在壳聚糖颗粒内的成功包封。SEM观察表明，PWEO-CSNE纳米颗粒呈球形，zeta电位略有降低。在体内和体外试验中，PWEO-CSNE （w/w比为1:0.75）在7 d的孵育期内完全抑制了樱桃番茄果实灰霉病的发生（100 %），并显著抑制了番茄灰霉菌菌丝的生长。在为期10天的保存实验中，PWEO-CSNE （1:0.75, w/w）通过减少樱桃番茄的失重、减小色差、减缓可滴定酸度的下降、增加可溶性糖、黄酮类、总酚类和类胡萝卜素的含量、增强内源抗氧化酶活性等，有效延长了樱桃番茄的保质期。本研究确定了PWEO-CSNE乳剂（1:0.75,w/w）具有良好的分散性和抗真菌效果，是一种很有前景的控制采后樱桃番茄灰霉病和保持品质的新型解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Antifungal mechanisms and preservation applications of LED technology against postharvest spoilage fungi in blueberries LED技术对蓝莓采后腐败真菌的抑菌机理及保鲜应用

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114128

Jialing Li , Ziqian Zhang , Yingyin Wu , Zhiwei Ye , Yuan Zou , Hyun-Gyun Yuk , Qianwang Zheng

Fungal infection remains the primary cause of postharvest blueberry decay. As a non-thermal technology, light-emitting diode (LED) offers a promising approach to preservation by inhibiting fungal activity. This study investigated the antifungal effects and mechanisms of LED against the main spoilage fungi (Penicillium sclerotiorum and Cladosporium cladosporioides) in blueberries and its application potential for preservation. Under optimal conditions (410–420 nm LED, 25°C, 12 h), LED treatment achieved spore inhibition rates of 99.46–99.52 % in vitro. The in vivo study using inoculated blueberries, under the same conditions (extended to 36 h), demonstrated maximum log reductions of 4.11 and 2.50 CFU/g for the two fungi, respectively. Based on these, the antifungal mechanism was further elucidated through cellular and molecular analyses. At the cellular level, results indicated that cellular membrane damage (lipid peroxidation and intracellular leakage), oxidative stress (ROS accumulation and diminished antioxidant enzyme activities), and mitochondrial dysfunction (ΔΨm dysregulation and ATP depletion) are the main causes of cell damage. Molecular analysis revealed that LED disrupted structural integrity by suppressing cell wall/membrane biosynthesis genes, impaired antioxidant defense by inhibiting peroxisome biogenesis (P. sclerotiorum) and GSH synthesis genes (C. cladosporioides), and dysregulated energy metabolism by altering key genes in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, compared with the untreated control, the LED treatment had no significant effect on the blueberries' color, soluble solids, and pH, though it increased weight loss and reduced firmness. These findings suggest a novel LED-based preservation strategy for blueberries and provide a theoretical basis for its application.

真菌感染仍然是蓝莓采后腐烂的主要原因。作为一种非热技术，发光二极管（LED）通过抑制真菌活性提供了一种很有前途的保存方法。本研究探讨了LED对蓝莓主要腐坏真菌（菌核青霉和枝孢枝霉）的抑菌作用及其机制，以及LED在蓝莓保鲜中的应用潜力。在最佳条件下（410-420 nm LED, 25°C, 12 h）， LED处理的孢子抑制率为99.46-99.52 %。在相同条件下（延长至36 h），接种蓝莓的体内研究表明，两种真菌的最大对数分别降低了4.11和2.50 CFU/g。在此基础上，通过细胞和分子分析进一步阐明了其抗真菌机制。在细胞水平上，结果表明细胞膜损伤（脂质过氧化和细胞内渗漏）、氧化应激（ROS积累和抗氧化酶活性降低）和线粒体功能障碍（ΔΨm失调和ATP耗竭）是细胞损伤的主要原因。分子分析表明，LED通过抑制细胞壁/膜生物合成基因来破坏结构完整性，通过抑制过氧化物酶体生物发生（P. sclerotiorum）和GSH合成基因（C. cladosporioides）来破坏抗氧化防御，通过改变糖酵解、TCA循环和氧化磷酸化的关键基因来失调能量代谢。此外，与未处理的对照组相比，LED处理对蓝莓的颜色、可溶性固形物和pH值没有显著影响，尽管它增加了蓝莓的重量减轻，降低了蓝莓的硬度。研究结果提示了一种新的蓝莓led保存策略，并为蓝莓的应用提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting the Snf1 kinase by cinnamaldehyde induces glucose starvation and oxidative stress in Fusarium solani for the control of sweet potato postharvest decay 肉桂醛靶向Snf1激酶诱导番茄枯萎菌葡萄糖饥饿和氧化应激，防治甘薯采后腐烂

IF 6.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.114116

Chao Pan , Fajuan Wang , Yanzi Chu , Yahui Xue , Yan Ye , Kunlong Yang , Jinfeng Hua , Ling Shen , Jun Tian

Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani, is one of the major postharvest diseases of sweet potato. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural product from cinnamon bark, has demonstrated promising antifungal efficacy; however, its mechanism of action, especially regarding fungal sugar metabolism, remains poorly understood. CA above 0.375 g L⁻¹ inhibited F. solani mycelial growth, induced glucose deprivation, and triggered the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates (trehalose and glycogen). Moreover, CA promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), protein carbonylation, and DNA fragmentation, indicating that CA caused oxidative damage and led to apoptotic cell death in F. solani. Notably, CA suppressed the function of the metabolic regulator sucrose non-fermenting protein kinase 1 (Snf1) by disrupting its transcription and translation. Genetic knockout of Snf1 increased the inhibition rate of mycelial growth, amplified intracellular glucose scarcity, promoted the accumulation of reserve carbohydrates, accelerated H₂O₂ accumulation and protein oxidative damage, and ultimately exacerbated the extent of cell apoptosis. Complementarily, activation of Snf1 attenuated the antifungal effect of CA. Moreover, CA reduced rot incidence and better preserved nutritional quality (soluble sugars and starch), particularly in sweet potato roots infected with Snf1-deletion mutants. These findings reveal that CA exerts its antifungal effect by disrupting Snf1-mediated glucose supply and inducing oxidative stress in F. solani to control sweet potato postharvest decay. This study provides novel insights into the antifungal mechanism of plant essential oils and supports the potential application of CA as an eco-friendly preservative for controlling postharvest spoilage in carbohydrate-rich fresh produce.

枯萎病是甘薯主要的采后病害之一，是由枯萎病引起的。肉桂醛（CA）是肉桂树皮的天然产物，具有良好的抗真菌作用；然而，其作用机制，特别是关于真菌糖代谢，仍然知之甚少。CA高于0.375 g L−1时，可抑制茄茄菌菌丝生长，诱导葡萄糖剥夺，并触发储备碳水化合物（海藻糖和糖原）的积累。此外，CA促进了活性氧和过氧化氢（H2O2）的积累、蛋白质羰基化和DNA片段化，表明CA引起了茄蚜细胞的氧化损伤和凋亡细胞死亡。值得注意的是，CA通过破坏代谢调节剂蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶1 （Snf1）的转录和翻译来抑制其功能。基因敲除Snf1增加了对菌丝生长的抑制率，放大了细胞内葡萄糖的稀缺性，促进了储备碳水化合物的积累，加速了H2O2的积累和蛋白质的氧化损伤，最终加重了细胞凋亡的程度。另外，Snf1的激活减弱了CA的抗真菌作用。此外，CA降低了腐病发生率，并更好地保存了营养品质（可溶性糖和淀粉），特别是在Snf1缺失突变体感染的甘薯根中。这些研究结果表明，CA通过破坏snf1介导的葡萄糖供应和诱导氧化应激来抑制甘薯采后腐烂，从而发挥其抗真菌作用。该研究为植物精油的抗真菌机制提供了新的见解，并支持了CA作为一种环保防腐剂在富含碳水化合物的新鲜农产品中控制采后腐败的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0