Postharvest Biology and Technology最新文献_第8页

Debaryomyces nepalensis enhances suberin deposition in citrus fruit wound by facilitating the synthesis of cinnamic acid and its derivatives 尼泊尔德巴利酵母菌通过促进肉桂酸及其衍生物的合成，增强柑橘果实伤口中的单宁沉积

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113244

Jian Huang , Qi Chen , Ou Chen , Xiaoquan Gao , Rong Zhu , Rui Huang , Shixiang Yao , Lanhua Yi , Kaifang Zeng

Mechanical damage to citrus fruit is inevitable when picking, transporting, storing, and marketing. Previous studies have shown that citrus fruit have the ability to wound healing. Suberin is the signature substance for wound healing. This study investigates the effect of Debaryomyces nepalensis treatment on promoting citrus fruit wound healing and its mechanism. The effect of D. nepalensis was assessed through the examination of changes in suberin content at the wounds of citrus fruit treated with D. nepalensis using an ortho-fluorescent microscopy, as well as the occurrence of green mold in fruit treated with D. nepalensis. Wound samples treated with D. nepalensis for 3 d and those healed naturally over the same period were analyzed through transcriptome and metabolome evaluations. Results showed significant suberin accumulation in treated wounds compared to natural healing. D. nepalensis notably improved the healing process and reduced green mold disease incidence and lesion diameter. Additionally, D. nepalensis activated the phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway, which led to the upregulation of 34 genes, including COMT, HCT, CAD, and PAL. Consequently, this activation also resulted in a significant increase in the content of phenolic acids, including cinnamic acid and its derivatives, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Moreover, the exogenous application of these phenolic acids further promoted wound healing and reduced green mold incidence. In conclusion, D. nepalensis activates the phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway, enhances the expression of crucial genes like COMT, and increases the content of substances such as caffeic acid to facilitate wound healing in citrus fruit.

柑橘类水果在采摘、运输、储存和销售过程中难免会受到机械损伤。以往的研究表明，柑橘类水果具有伤口愈合能力。果胶是伤口愈合的标志性物质。本研究探讨了尼泊尔德巴利酵母菌（Debaryomyces nepalensis）处理对促进柑橘类水果伤口愈合的影响及其机制。通过使用正交荧光显微镜检查经肾形德氏酵母菌处理的柑橘果实伤口处的单宁含量变化，以及经肾形德氏酵母菌处理的果实中绿色霉菌的发生情况，来评估肾形德氏酵母菌的效果。通过转录组和代谢组评估，分析了用尼泊金丝桃处理 3 天的伤口样本和同期自然愈合的伤口样本。结果显示，与自然愈合的伤口相比，经处理的伤口有明显的单宁积累。肾叶甘草明显改善了伤口愈合过程，降低了绿霉病的发病率和病变直径。此外，蛇床子素还激活了苯丙氨酸生物合成途径，导致 34 个基因上调，包括 COMT、HCT、CAD 和 PAL。因此，这种激活也导致了酚酸含量的显著增加，包括肉桂酸及其衍生物、咖啡酸和绿原酸。此外，这些酚酸的外源应用还进一步促进了伤口愈合，降低了绿色霉菌的发病率。总之，D. nepalensis 能激活苯丙烷生物合成途径，增强 COMT 等关键基因的表达，增加咖啡酸等物质的含量，从而促进柑橘类水果的伤口愈合。

{"title":"Debaryomyces nepalensis enhances suberin deposition in citrus fruit wound by facilitating the synthesis of cinnamic acid and its derivatives","authors":"Jian Huang , Qi Chen , Ou Chen , Xiaoquan Gao , Rong Zhu , Rui Huang , Shixiang Yao , Lanhua Yi , Kaifang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical damage to citrus fruit is inevitable when picking, transporting, storing, and marketing. Previous studies have shown that citrus fruit have the ability to wound healing. Suberin is the signature substance for wound healing. This study investigates the effect of <em>Debaryomyces nepalensis</em> treatment on promoting citrus fruit wound healing and its mechanism. The effect of <em>D. nepalensis</em> was assessed through the examination of changes in suberin content at the wounds of citrus fruit treated with <em>D. nepalensis</em> using an ortho-fluorescent microscopy, as well as the occurrence of green mold in fruit treated with <em>D. nepalensis</em>. Wound samples treated with <em>D. nepalensis</em> for 3 d and those healed naturally over the same period were analyzed through transcriptome and metabolome evaluations. Results showed significant suberin accumulation in treated wounds compared to natural healing. <em>D. nepalensis</em> notably improved the healing process and reduced green mold disease incidence and lesion diameter. Additionally, <em>D. nepalensis</em> activated the phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway, which led to the upregulation of 34 genes, including <em>COMT</em>, <em>HCT</em>, <em>CAD</em>, and <em>PAL</em>. Consequently, this activation also resulted in a significant increase in the content of phenolic acids, including cinnamic acid and its derivatives, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Moreover, the exogenous application of these phenolic acids further promoted wound healing and reduced green mold incidence. In conclusion, <em>D. nepalensis</em> activates the phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway, enhances the expression of crucial genes like <em>COMT</em>, and increases the content of substances such as caffeic acid to facilitate wound healing in citrus fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silencing Sly-miR159 accelerated preharvest ripening and delayed postharvest senescence of tomato fruit 沉默 Sly-miR159 可加速番茄果实的采前成熟和采后衰老

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113243

Wenhui Duan , Shuangshuang Shan , Xiaoyun Ye , Shen Ni , Qing Wang , Zhengke Zhang , Lanhuan Meng , Lisha Zhu , Jiali Yang , Hongmiao Song , Xiangbin Xu

The miR159 is an ancient and highly conserved microRNA (miRNA), which is frequently expressed in various tissues and developmental phases, as well as participated extensively in plant growth by regulating multiple target genes. In the present study, the tomato lines of silencing-miR159 by short tandem target mimic (STTM-miR159) and overexpression-miR159 (OE-miR159) were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results showed that the OE-miR159 caused male sterility and induced parthenocarpy by decreasing the expression level of SlMYB120. The STTM-miR159 accelerated the preharvest ripening of tomato fruit by increasing the expression level of SlACS8. The STTM-miR159 reduced the accumulation of carotenoids and delayed the postharvest senescence of tomato fruit by affecting the ethylene signaling pathway. This study expanded the cognition of function of miR159-SlACS8/SlMYB120 module in fertility traits, ripening and senescence of tomato fruit.

miR159是一种古老而高度保守的微RNA（miRNA），在各种组织和发育阶段中频繁表达，并通过调控多个靶基因广泛参与植物生长。本研究通过农杆菌介导转化法获得了短串联靶标模拟沉默miR159（STM-miR159）和过表达miR159（OE-miR159）的番茄品系。结果表明，OE-miR159通过降低SlMYB120的表达水平导致雄性不育并诱导孤雌生殖。STTM-miR159 通过提高 SlACS8 的表达水平加速番茄果实的采前成熟。STTM-miR159 通过影响乙烯信号通路，减少了类胡萝卜素的积累，延缓了番茄果实采后的衰老。该研究拓展了miR159-SlACS8/SlMYB120模块在番茄果实生育性状、成熟和衰老中的功能认知。

{"title":"Silencing Sly-miR159 accelerated preharvest ripening and delayed postharvest senescence of tomato fruit","authors":"Wenhui Duan , Shuangshuang Shan , Xiaoyun Ye , Shen Ni , Qing Wang , Zhengke Zhang , Lanhuan Meng , Lisha Zhu , Jiali Yang , Hongmiao Song , Xiangbin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miR159 is an ancient and highly conserved microRNA (miRNA), which is frequently expressed in various tissues and developmental phases, as well as participated extensively in plant growth by regulating multiple target genes. In the present study, the tomato lines of silencing-miR159 by short tandem target mimic (STTM-miR159) and overexpression-miR159 (OE-miR159) were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results showed that the OE-miR159 caused male sterility and induced parthenocarpy by decreasing the expression level of <em>SlMYB120</em>. The STTM-miR159 accelerated the preharvest ripening of tomato fruit by increasing the expression level of <em>SlACS8</em>. The STTM-miR159 reduced the accumulation of carotenoids and delayed the postharvest senescence of tomato fruit by affecting the ethylene signaling pathway. This study expanded the cognition of function of miR159-<em>SlACS8</em>/<em>SlMYB120</em> module in fertility traits, ripening and senescence of tomato fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113243"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlled atmosphere storage enhances Korean melon shelf life and quality: A comparative metabolic analysis with reefer container export 恒温贮藏可提高韩国甜瓜的货架期和质量：与冷藏集装箱出口的代谢比较分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113238

Woochul Ju , Ji-Hyun Lee , Eunsu Do , Da-yeong Ko , Eungu Jee , Min-Sun Chang , Hyang Lan Eum , Haejo Yang , Kang-Mo Ku

Korean melons are renowned for their taste and nutritional qualities but face challenges such as chilling injury and browning during post-harvest storage, limiting their export potential. To address these issues, we compared melons stored in Controlled Atmosphere (CA) containers to those in Reefer Container (CON) under simulated export conditions. This study examines the effects of CA storage on the quality, metabolite changes, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Korean melons (Cucumis melo var. makuwa). CA-stored Korean melons showed increased concentrations of cutin monomers, suggesting reduced browning due to the expression of cutin-related genes. VOCs analysis revealed distinctive patterns in both Korean melon skin and juice, with specific compounds elevated in CA storage. The breakdown of linolenic acid into (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal was reduced by approximately 30 % under CA storage, likely due to reduced oxygen availability. Twister-assisted VOCs analysis highlighted aroma differences, indicating potential effects on sensory perception. Solubility changes showed a 15 % increase in glyceric acid and a 20 % decrease in oxalate levels under CA storage, suggesting improved flavor and reduced harmful compounds. The freshness model based on VOCs indicated that CA-treated melons remained fresh approximately 4 d longer than control melons. In conclusion, CA storage improves the quality, freshness, and nutritional profile of Korean melons and offers valuable insights for refining post-harvest storage practices. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of CA storage on other fruits and vegetables.

韩国甜瓜以其口感和营养品质而闻名，但在收获后贮藏过程中面临着冷害和褐变等挑战，限制了其出口潜力。为了解决这些问题，我们比较了在模拟出口条件下在可控气氛（CA）容器和冷藏集装箱（CON）中贮藏的甜瓜。本研究考察了 CA 贮藏对韩国甜瓜（Cucumis melo var.CA 贮藏的韩国甜瓜显示出角质素单体浓度的增加，表明由于角质素相关基因的表达，褐变程度降低。挥发性有机化合物分析表明，韩式甜瓜表皮和果汁中的挥发性有机化合物具有独特的模式，特定化合物在 CA 贮藏中会升高。在 CA 贮藏条件下，亚麻酸分解成 (E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的过程减少了约 30%，这可能是由于氧气供应减少所致。捻线机辅助挥发性有机化合物分析凸显了香气差异，表明可能会对感官产生影响。溶解度变化显示，CA 储藏条件下甘油酸含量增加了 15%，草酸盐含量减少了 20%，这表明风味得到改善，有害化合物减少。基于挥发性有机化合物的保鲜模型表明，经 CA 处理的甜瓜比对照甜瓜的保鲜期长约 4 天。总之，CA 贮藏改善了韩国甜瓜的品质、新鲜度和营养成分，为改进采后贮藏方法提供了宝贵的见解。有必要进一步研究 CA 贮藏对其他水果和蔬菜的长期影响。

{"title":"Controlled atmosphere storage enhances Korean melon shelf life and quality: A comparative metabolic analysis with reefer container export","authors":"Woochul Ju , Ji-Hyun Lee , Eunsu Do , Da-yeong Ko , Eungu Jee , Min-Sun Chang , Hyang Lan Eum , Haejo Yang , Kang-Mo Ku","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Korean melons are renowned for their taste and nutritional qualities but face challenges such as chilling injury and browning during post-harvest storage, limiting their export potential. To address these issues, we compared melons stored in Controlled Atmosphere (CA) containers to those in Reefer Container (CON) under simulated export conditions. This study examines the effects of CA storage on the quality, metabolite changes, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Korean melons (<em>Cucumis melo var. makuwa</em>). CA-stored Korean melons showed increased concentrations of cutin monomers, suggesting reduced browning due to the expression of cutin-related genes. VOCs analysis revealed distinctive patterns in both Korean melon skin and juice, with specific compounds elevated in CA storage. The breakdown of linolenic acid into (<em>E</em>,<em>Z</em>)-2,6-nonadienal was reduced by approximately 30 % under CA storage, likely due to reduced oxygen availability. Twister-assisted VOCs analysis highlighted aroma differences, indicating potential effects on sensory perception. Solubility changes showed a 15 % increase in glyceric acid and a 20 % decrease in oxalate levels under CA storage, suggesting improved flavor and reduced harmful compounds. The freshness model based on VOCs indicated that CA-treated melons remained fresh approximately 4 d longer than control melons. In conclusion, CA storage improves the quality, freshness, and nutritional profile of Korean melons and offers valuable insights for refining post-harvest storage practices. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of CA storage on other fruits and vegetables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Key factors uncovered by transcriptomic analysis in the regulation of glutamic acid repressing the browning of fresh-cut potatoes 转录组分析揭示谷氨酸抑制鲜切马铃薯褐变调控的关键因素

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113242

Qinghua Guan , Wenhui Li , Mei Dai , Jin Qiao , Bin Wu , Zheng Zhang , Jingying Shi , Zunyang Song

Enzymatic browning is a major problem that seriously impacts the quality of fresh-cut potatoes. Our previous study found that glutamic acid (Glu) treatment could repress the discoloration of fresh-cut potatoes, but the molecular mechanism was still unknown. Herein, it was found that the content of total phenolic, H₂O₂, O₂^.- and the activities of PPO, POD and PAL were repressed, but the activities of CAT, APX, SOD and GPX were improved by Glu treatment. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis showed that an abundant number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected from fresh-cut potatoes browning between Glu and control groups. A comprehensive functional enrichment analysis showed that the metabolic pathways of glutathione metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were markedly enriched, which transcriptional levels were markedly altered by Glu treatment. RT-qPCR confirmed the results of RNA-Seq that Glu repressed the transcription of StPPO2, StPPO3, StPPO7, and StERF-BR1-like. More importantly, as a nuclear protein, StERF-BR1-like activated the transcription of StPPO2 by directly binding with its promoter. Overall, these data indicate that Glu could repress the browning of fresh-cut potatoes by regulating the pathways mentioned above, and StERF-BR1-like may involve this process by stimulating the expression of StPPO2.

酶促褐变是严重影响鲜切马铃薯质量的一个主要问题。我们之前的研究发现，谷氨酸（Glu）处理可以抑制鲜切马铃薯的褐变，但其分子机制尚不清楚。本研究发现，谷氨酸处理可抑制总酚、H2O2、O2.含量以及 PPO、POD 和 PAL 活性，但可提高 CAT、APX、SOD 和 GPX 活性。此外，转录组学分析表明，在 Glu 和对照组之间，鲜切马铃薯褐变过程中筛选出了大量差异表达基因（DEGs）。全面的功能富集分析表明，谷胱甘肽代谢、类黄酮生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙类生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及植物激素信号转导等代谢途径的转录水平在 Glu 处理后发生了明显变化。RT-qPCR 证实了 RNA-Seq 的结果，即 Glu 抑制了 StPPO2、StPPO3、StPPO7 和 StERF-BR1-like 的转录。更重要的是，作为一种核蛋白，StERF-BR1-like 通过直接与其启动子结合激活了 StPPO2 的转录。总之，这些数据表明，Glu 可通过调节上述途径抑制鲜切马铃薯的褐变，而 StERF-BR1-like 可能通过刺激 StPPO2 的表达参与了这一过程。

{"title":"Key factors uncovered by transcriptomic analysis in the regulation of glutamic acid repressing the browning of fresh-cut potatoes","authors":"Qinghua Guan , Wenhui Li , Mei Dai , Jin Qiao , Bin Wu , Zheng Zhang , Jingying Shi , Zunyang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzymatic browning is a major problem that seriously impacts the quality of fresh-cut potatoes. Our previous study found that glutamic acid (Glu) treatment could repress the discoloration of fresh-cut potatoes, but the molecular mechanism was still unknown. Herein, it was found that the content of total phenolic, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub><sup>.-</sup> and the activities of PPO, POD and PAL were repressed, but the activities of CAT, APX, SOD and GPX were improved by Glu treatment. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis showed that an abundant number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected from fresh-cut potatoes browning between Glu and control groups. A comprehensive functional enrichment analysis showed that the metabolic pathways of glutathione metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were markedly enriched, which transcriptional levels were markedly altered by Glu treatment. RT-qPCR confirmed the results of RNA-Seq that Glu repressed the transcription of <em>StPPO2</em>, <em>StPPO3</em>, <em>StPPO7</em>, and <em>StERF-BR1-like</em>. More importantly, as a nuclear protein, StERF-BR1-like activated the transcription of <em>StPPO2</em> by directly binding with its promoter. Overall, these data indicate that Glu could repress the browning of fresh-cut potatoes by regulating the pathways mentioned above, and StERF-BR1-like may involve this process by stimulating the expression of <em>StPPO2</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of linalool in managing Alternaria alternata infection and delaying black mold rot in goji berry 芳樟醇在控制枸杞交替孢霉感染和延缓黑霉菌腐烂方面的作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113240

Huaiyu Zhang , Yueli Zhou , Yue Yang , Lunaike Zhao , Hongbo Li , Lijie Long , Junjie Wang , Xuyan Wu , Zhao-Jun Wei

Alternaria alternata, a common fungal pathogen causes black mold in postharvest goji fruit. To explore the in vitro and in vivo impacts of linalool on the fungal infection, we treated A. alternata and infected goji fruit with varying linalool concentrations (0, 0.15, 0.45, and 1.35 mL L⁻¹). Linalool repressed hypha growth, spore yield and germination, and germ tube length of A. alternata. Furthermore, we observed abnormal spore and mycelium morphology in the treated samples using optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Linalool reduced lesion diameter and disease incidence in goji fruit. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of pathogen revealed that linalool inhibited nitrogen metabolism, altered chitin and β-1,3-glucan metabolisms, downregulated the key gene expression related to ergosterol synthesis and sulfur and glutathione metabolisms, regulated the enzymatic antioxidant system, and impacted the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, linalool damaged the fungal cell wall integrity by inducing alkaline phosphatase and chitinase activities and β-1,3-glucan content and repressing β-1,3-glucanase and chitin synthase activities and chitin levels. Linalool elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and declined peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and glutathione content in A. alternata, leading to increased H₂O₂ levels and ROS stress. Our data exhibited the promising antifungal effects of linalool with a future application in management of the postharvest rot of goji fruit.

交替丝核菌是一种常见的真菌病原体，会导致采后枸杞果实发生黑霉病。为了探究芳樟醇在体外和体内对真菌感染的影响，我们用不同浓度的芳樟醇（0、0.15、0.45 和 1.35 mL L-1）处理交替孢霉和受感染的枸杞果实。芳樟醇抑制了交替穗霉的菌丝生长、孢子产量和萌发以及芽管长度。此外，我们还使用光学、扫描电子和透射电子显微镜观察了处理过的样品中异常的孢子和菌丝形态。芳樟醇降低了枸杞果实的病斑直径和发病率。此外，病原菌转录组分析表明，芳樟醇抑制了氮代谢，改变了几丁质和β-1,3-葡聚糖代谢，下调了麦角甾醇合成、硫和谷胱甘肽代谢相关的关键基因表达，调节了酶抗氧化系统，并影响了不饱和脂肪酸的比例。此外，芳樟醇还通过诱导碱性磷酸酶和几丁质酶活性及β-1,3-葡聚糖含量，抑制β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质合成酶活性及几丁质含量，破坏真菌细胞壁的完整性。芳樟醇能提高交替蚁的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性，降低过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性以及谷胱甘肽含量，从而导致 H2O2 水平升高和 ROS 压力增加。我们的数据表明芳樟醇具有良好的抗真菌效果，未来可用于枸杞果实采后腐烂病的防治。

{"title":"The role of linalool in managing Alternaria alternata infection and delaying black mold rot in goji berry","authors":"Huaiyu Zhang , Yueli Zhou , Yue Yang , Lunaike Zhao , Hongbo Li , Lijie Long , Junjie Wang , Xuyan Wu , Zhao-Jun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Alternaria alternata</em>, a common fungal pathogen causes black mold in postharvest goji fruit. To explore the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> impacts of linalool on the fungal infection, we treated <em>A. alternata</em> and infected goji fruit with varying linalool concentrations (0, 0.15, 0.45, and 1.35 mL L<sup>−1</sup>). Linalool repressed hypha growth, spore yield and germination, and germ tube length of <em>A. alternata</em>. Furthermore, we observed abnormal spore and mycelium morphology in the treated samples using optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Linalool reduced lesion diameter and disease incidence in goji fruit. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of pathogen revealed that linalool inhibited nitrogen metabolism, altered chitin and <em>β</em>-1,3-glucan metabolisms, downregulated the key gene expression related to ergosterol synthesis and sulfur and glutathione metabolisms, regulated the enzymatic antioxidant system, and impacted the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, linalool damaged the fungal cell wall integrity by inducing alkaline phosphatase and chitinase activities and <em>β</em>-1,3-glucan content and repressing <em>β</em>-1,3-glucanase and chitin synthase activities and chitin levels. Linalool elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and declined peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and glutathione content in <em>A. alternata</em>, leading to increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels and ROS stress. Our data exhibited the promising antifungal effects of linalool with a future application in management of the postharvest rot of goji fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tomato Synaptotagmin F accelerates fruit ripening, shortens fruit shelf-life and increases susceptibility to Penicillium expansum 番茄 Synaptotagmin F 可加速果实成熟、缩短果实货架期并增加对扩张青霉的敏感性

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113235

Ziyu Wang , Min Miao , Dongxin Tao , Xiaofeng Tang , Feng Zhang , Hongtao Wang , Xue Fang , Yongsheng Liu , Pengpeng Zheng

Synaptotagmins (SYTs), initially identified as calcium sensors for regulating synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis in mammalian neurons, play crucial role in biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the function of SYTs in fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, a tomato Synaptotagmins gene, SlSYTF, was found to accelerate tomato fruit ripening. SlSYTF encodes an endoplasmic reticulum localized protein whose transcription is continuously enhanced during fruit ripening. Overexpression SlSYTF in tomato resulted in accelerated ripening progress, increased carotenoid content as well as decreased the firmness of tomato fruit, whereas the mutant slsytf-c exhibited the opposite phenotype. Importantly, SlSYTF could increase ethylene production by activating the expression of ethylene synthesis genes and prompt cell wall degradation by increasing pectinase and cellulase activities. Nevertheless, the accelerated cell wall degradation and thinned cuticle due to SlSYTF results in reduced shelf life and pathogen resistance. Collectively, we revealed a new SYTs gene that plays a dual role in tomato fruit ripening and pathogen response. This finding may shed new light on the relationship between maturation and immunity.

突触素（SYTs）最初被认为是哺乳动物神经元中调节突触囊泡外渗和内吞的钙离子传感器，在植物的生物和非生物胁迫中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，SYTs 在果实成熟过程中的功能尚不清楚。本研究发现番茄突触素基因 SlSYTF 能加速番茄果实成熟。SlSYTF 编码一种内质网定位蛋白，其转录在果实成熟过程中持续增强。在番茄中过表达 SlSYTF 会加速番茄果实的成熟进程，增加类胡萝卜素含量并降低果实的硬度，而突变体 slsytf-c 则表现出相反的表型。重要的是，SlSYTF 可以通过激活乙烯合成基因的表达来增加乙烯产量，并通过提高果胶酶和纤维素酶的活性来促进细胞壁降解。然而，SlSYTF 导致的细胞壁加速降解和角质层变薄会降低货架期和抗病性。总之，我们发现了一个新的 SYTs 基因，它在番茄果实成熟和病原体反应中发挥着双重作用。这一发现可能会给成熟与免疫之间的关系带来新的启示。

{"title":"Tomato Synaptotagmin F accelerates fruit ripening, shortens fruit shelf-life and increases susceptibility to Penicillium expansum","authors":"Ziyu Wang , Min Miao , Dongxin Tao , Xiaofeng Tang , Feng Zhang , Hongtao Wang , Xue Fang , Yongsheng Liu , Pengpeng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synaptotagmins (SYTs), initially identified as calcium sensors for regulating synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis in mammalian neurons, play crucial role in biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the function of SYTs in fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, a tomato Synaptotagmins gene, <em>SlSYTF</em>, was found to accelerate tomato fruit ripening. <em>SlSYTF</em> encodes an endoplasmic reticulum localized protein whose transcription is continuously enhanced during fruit ripening. Overexpression <em>SlSYTF</em> in tomato resulted in accelerated ripening progress, increased carotenoid content as well as decreased the firmness of tomato fruit, whereas the mutant <em>slsytf-c</em> exhibited the opposite phenotype. Importantly, SlSYTF could increase ethylene production by activating the expression of ethylene synthesis genes and prompt cell wall degradation by increasing pectinase and cellulase activities. Nevertheless, the accelerated cell wall degradation and thinned cuticle due to SlSYTF results in reduced shelf life and pathogen resistance. Collectively, we revealed a new <em>SYTs</em> gene that plays a dual role in tomato fruit ripening and pathogen response. This finding may shed new light on the relationship between maturation and immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113235"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CsbHLH6 positively regulates abscisic acid-mediated citrus fruit coloration during postharvest storage CsbHLH6 在采后贮藏期间对脱落酸介导的柑橘果实着色具有正向调节作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113229

Quan Sun , Zhengchen He , Yingzi Zhang , Di Feng , Ranran Wei , Lijun Chai , Wenwu Guo , Juan Xu , Yunjiang Cheng , Qiang Xu , Junli Ye , Xiuxin Deng

As is well known, postharvest abscisic acid (ABA) treatment of citrus fruits can significantly enhance fruit coloration by promoting the accumulation of carotenoids, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the effect of ABA treatment in promoting citrus fruit coloration by activating the expression of 4 key carotenoid metabolism genes (CsPSY, CsLCYB, CsHYD, and CsNCED2) during postharvest storage. A novel basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, CsbHLH6, was identified using the promoters of 3 key ABA-induced carotenoid metabolism genes (CsLCYB, CsHYD, and CsNCED2) by yeast one-hybrid screening. Overexpression of CsbHLH6 enhanced carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruits and calli. Interference with CsbHLH6 expression in citrus calli and fruits indicated that CsbHLH6 was essential for ABA-induced carotenoid biosynthesis and fruit coloration. As a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, CsbHLH6 directly bound to the promoters of 6 key carotenoid metabolism genes (CsPSY, CsLCYB, CsLCYE, CsHYD, CsZEP, and CsNCED2), subsequently activating their expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ABA signaling significantly raised CsbHLH6 promoter activity, thus enhancing the regulation of carotenoid accumulation by CsbHLH6. In summary, our study reveals the molecular mechanism by which CsbHLH6 regulates ABA-induced citrus fruit coloration during postharvest storage, which is crucial for improving the postharvest appearance quality of citrus fruits.

众所周知，柑橘果实采后脱落酸（ABA）处理可通过促进类胡萝卜素的积累而显著提高果实着色，但其潜在的分子机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们通过激活采后贮藏过程中 4 个关键类胡萝卜素代谢基因（CsPSY、CsLCYB、CsHYD 和 CsNCED2）的表达，进一步证实了 ABA 处理在促进柑橘果实着色方面的作用。通过酵母单杂交筛选，利用 ABA 诱导的 3 个关键类胡萝卜素代谢基因（CsLCYB、CsHYD 和 CsNCED2）的启动子鉴定出了一种新型碱性螺旋环螺旋（bHLH）转录因子 CsbHLH6。CsbHLH6 的过表达增强了柑橘果实和胼胝体中类胡萝卜素的积累。干扰 CsbHLH6 在柑橘胼胝体和果实中的表达表明，CsbHLH6 对 ABA 诱导的类胡萝卜素生物合成和果实着色至关重要。作为细胞核定位的转录激活因子，CsbHLH6 直接与 6 个关键类胡萝卜素代谢基因（CsPSY、CsLCYB、CsLCYE、CsHYD、CsZEP 和 CsNCED2）的启动子结合，随后激活了它们在体外和体内的表达。此外，ABA 信号明显提高了 CsbHLH6 启动子的活性，从而增强了 CsbHLH6 对类胡萝卜素积累的调控。总之，我们的研究揭示了 CsbHLH6 在采后贮藏期间调控 ABA 诱导的柑橘果实着色的分子机制，这对改善柑橘果实采后外观品质至关重要。

{"title":"CsbHLH6 positively regulates abscisic acid-mediated citrus fruit coloration during postharvest storage","authors":"Quan Sun , Zhengchen He , Yingzi Zhang , Di Feng , Ranran Wei , Lijun Chai , Wenwu Guo , Juan Xu , Yunjiang Cheng , Qiang Xu , Junli Ye , Xiuxin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As is well known, postharvest abscisic acid (ABA) treatment of citrus fruits can significantly enhance fruit coloration by promoting the accumulation of carotenoids, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the effect of ABA treatment in promoting citrus fruit coloration by activating the expression of 4 key carotenoid metabolism genes (<em>CsPSY</em>, <em>CsLCYB</em>, <em>CsHYD</em>, and <em>CsNCED2</em>) during postharvest storage. A novel basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, CsbHLH6, was identified using the promoters of 3 key ABA-induced carotenoid metabolism genes (<em>CsLCYB</em>, <em>CsHYD</em>, and <em>CsNCED2</em>) by yeast one-hybrid screening. Overexpression of <em>CsbHLH6</em> enhanced carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruits and calli. Interference with <em>CsbHLH6</em> expression in citrus calli and fruits indicated that <em>CsbHLH6</em> was essential for ABA-induced carotenoid biosynthesis and fruit coloration. As a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, CsbHLH6 directly bound to the promoters of 6 key carotenoid metabolism genes (<em>CsPSY</em>, <em>CsLCYB</em>, <em>CsLCYE</em>, <em>CsHYD</em>, <em>CsZEP</em>, and <em>CsNCED2</em>), subsequently activating their expression <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Furthermore, ABA signaling significantly raised <em>CsbHLH6</em> promoter activity, thus enhancing the regulation of carotenoid accumulation by <em>CsbHLH6</em>. In summary, our study reveals the molecular mechanism by which CsbHLH6 regulates ABA-induced citrus fruit coloration during postharvest storage, which is crucial for improving the postharvest appearance quality of citrus fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of Trichoderma species for the biocontrol of postharvest fungal decay in fruits and vegetables: Challenges and opportunities 利用毛霉菌种对水果和蔬菜采后真菌腐烂进行生物防治：挑战与机遇

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113236

Xiaojiao Li , Qinhong Liao , Shixian Zeng , Yong Wang , Jia Liu

Ensuring the stability of the global supply of fruits and vegetables and maintaining the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables during storage and marketing are critical problems that need to be continually addressed. However, postharvest losses due to decay and senescence pose a major threat to the supply of high-quality fruits and vegetables. In fact, postharvest losses caused by decay pathogens can account for 20–25 % of postharvest losses. In recent years, new methods to control postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables have been explored that are considered safer and more ecofriendly than the use of synthetic, chemical fungicides. In this regard, the use of Trichoderma species as biocontrol agents of both preharvest and postharvest diseases has been the subject of considerable research. Their use for the prevention of postharvest diseases is especially noteworthy as Trichoderma has been shown to be non-toxic and non-harmful to humans and the environment. In this review we provide an overview of the advances that have been made in the use of Trichoderma isolates for controlling postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. The review provides information on the identification of Trichoderma species with biocontrol potential, their mode of action, and the challenges and opportunities that exist for the commercial application of Trichoderma in the postharvest environment. Future research topics that need to be addressed on the use of Trichoderma are also presented.

确保全球水果和蔬菜供应的稳定性，以及在贮藏和销售过程中保持水果和蔬菜的质量和营养价值，是需要不断解决的关键问题。然而，由于腐烂和衰老造成的采后损失对优质水果和蔬菜的供应构成了重大威胁。事实上，腐烂病原体造成的采后损失可占采后损失的 20-25%。近年来，人们一直在探索控制水果和蔬菜采后病害的新方法，这些方法被认为比使用化学合成杀菌剂更安全、更环保。在这方面，利用毛霉菌作为收获前和收获后病害的生物控制剂一直是大量研究的主题。尤其值得注意的是，毛霉菌已被证明对人类和环境无毒无害，因此可用于预防收获后病害。在这篇综述中，我们概述了在利用毛霉菌分离物控制水果和蔬菜采后病害方面取得的进展。综述介绍了具有生物防治潜力的毛霉菌种的鉴定、其作用模式，以及在收获后环境中商业应用毛霉菌所面临的挑战和机遇。此外，还介绍了今后在使用毛霉方面需要解决的研究课题。

{"title":"The use of Trichoderma species for the biocontrol of postharvest fungal decay in fruits and vegetables: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Xiaojiao Li , Qinhong Liao , Shixian Zeng , Yong Wang , Jia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the stability of the global supply of fruits and vegetables and maintaining the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables during storage and marketing are critical problems that need to be continually addressed. However, postharvest losses due to decay and senescence pose a major threat to the supply of high-quality fruits and vegetables. In fact, postharvest losses caused by decay pathogens can account for 20–25 % of postharvest losses. In recent years, new methods to control postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables have been explored that are considered safer and more ecofriendly than the use of synthetic, chemical fungicides. In this regard, the use of <em>Trichoderma</em> species as biocontrol agents of both preharvest and postharvest diseases has been the subject of considerable research. Their use for the prevention of postharvest diseases is especially noteworthy as <em>Trichoderma</em> has been shown to be non-toxic and non-harmful to humans and the environment. In this review we provide an overview of the advances that have been made in the use of <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates for controlling postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. The review provides information on the identification of <em>Trichoderma</em> species with biocontrol potential, their mode of action, and the challenges and opportunities that exist for the commercial application of <em>Trichoderma</em> in the postharvest environment. Future research topics that need to be addressed on the use of <em>Trichoderma</em> are also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracellular polygalacturonase, β-1,4-glucanase and β-xylosidase in Geotrichum citri-aurrantii positively progressed the sour rot incidence in satsuma mandarin fruit 柑橘地衣菌中的胞外聚半乳糖醛酸酶、β-1,4-葡聚糖酶和β-木糖苷酶对沙糖桔果实酸腐病的发生有积极的促进作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113233

Haowen Ai, Yonghua Zhang, Okwong Oketch Reymick, Xuemeng Shen, Wen Liu, Nengguo Tao, Lu Li

Gaining an understanding of the characteristics that contribute to the infectiousness of pathogens is essential for devising new strategies to control fungal infection. This study aims to identify and clarify the role of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) secreted by the Geotrichum citri-aurantii pathogen in the development of sour rot disease in Satsuma mandarin fruit. Results from in vivo experiments showed that CWDEs were secreted during arthrospore germination. Genomic sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry results unveiled the presence of polygalacturonase (PG), β-1,4-glucanase, α-glucosidase, xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase, and β-xylosidase. Enzyme activity and gene expression analyses exposed the indispensable roles of PG and β-1,4-glucanase in the initial phase, and β-xylosidase during the acute phase of infection. After infection, we observed that the quantities of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose declined continuously, while the soluble pectin content rose steadily. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the diversity of CWDE binding to substrates complicated the G. citri-aurantii infection process. Furthermore, we determined the importance of asparagine and aspartic acid in PG-substrate interaction and glycine in β-xylosidase-ligand interaction. Taken together, our findings suggest that PG is a crucial target for blocking the development of sour rot in citrus fruit.

要想制定控制真菌感染的新策略，就必须了解导致病原体感染性的特征。本研究的目的是确定并阐明柑橘灰霉病病原体分泌的细胞壁降解酶（CWDEs）在萨摩柑橘果实酸腐病发生过程中的作用。体内实验结果表明，CWDEs 是在节孢子萌发过程中分泌的。基因组测序和液相色谱-串联质谱分析结果揭示了聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、β-1,4-葡聚糖酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、木聚糖：木聚糖转移酶和β-木糖苷酶的存在。酶活性和基因表达分析表明，PG 和 β-1,4-葡聚糖酶在感染初期起着不可或缺的作用，而 β-木糖苷酶则在感染的急性期起着不可或缺的作用。感染后，我们观察到纤维素、果胶和半纤维素的含量持续下降，而可溶性果胶的含量则持续上升。分子对接分析表明，CWDE 与底物结合的多样性使 G. citri-aurantii 感染过程复杂化。此外，我们还确定了天冬酰胺和天冬氨酸在 PG 与底物相互作用中的重要性，以及甘氨酸在 β-木糖苷酶-配体相互作用中的重要性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，PG 是阻止柑橘类水果酸腐病发展的一个关键靶标。

{"title":"Extracellular polygalacturonase, β-1,4-glucanase and β-xylosidase in Geotrichum citri-aurrantii positively progressed the sour rot incidence in satsuma mandarin fruit","authors":"Haowen Ai, Yonghua Zhang, Okwong Oketch Reymick, Xuemeng Shen, Wen Liu, Nengguo Tao, Lu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining an understanding of the characteristics that contribute to the infectiousness of pathogens is essential for devising new strategies to control fungal infection. This study aims to identify and clarify the role of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) secreted by the <em>Geotrichum citri-aurantii</em> pathogen in the development of sour rot disease in Satsuma mandarin fruit. Results from <em>in vivo</em> experiments showed that CWDEs were secreted during arthrospore germination. Genomic sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry results unveiled the presence of polygalacturonase (PG), β-1,4-glucanase, α-glucosidase, xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase, and β-xylosidase. Enzyme activity and gene expression analyses exposed the indispensable roles of PG and β-1,4-glucanase in the initial phase, and β-xylosidase during the acute phase of infection. After infection, we observed that the quantities of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose declined continuously, while the soluble pectin content rose steadily. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the diversity of CWDE binding to substrates complicated the <em>G. citri-aurantii</em> infection process. Furthermore, we determined the importance of asparagine and aspartic acid in PG-substrate interaction and glycine in β-xylosidase-ligand interaction. Taken together, our findings suggest that PG is a crucial target for blocking the development of sour rot in citrus fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles and loaded with clove essential oil as a green biopesticide: A case study on controlling fungal growth in oranges 由壳聚糖纳米颗粒稳定并添加丁香精油的皮克林乳剂作为一种绿色生物农药：控制柑橘中真菌生长的案例研究

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Postharvest Biology and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113234

Maryam Mottaki , Seid Mahdi Jafari , Seyyed Morteza Hosseini , Alireza Sadeghi , Fatemeh Heydari-Delfard

The purpose of this research was to optimize the production of Pickering emulsions (PEs) stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and containing clove essential oil (CEO) as a biopesticide against the fungal growth (Penicillium digitatum) in oranges. First, CS-NPs were synthesized and characterized to prepare PEs. The produced CS-NPs had an average size < 100 nm, contact angle < 90° and a positive zeta potential; CS-NPs were hydrophilic, which showed their ability to stabilize oil-in-water PEs. Second, PEs of CEO in water stabilized by CS-NPs were prepared at different levels of nanoparticles, CEO content, and homogenizer speeds; FTIR spectrum, morphology, size and stability of these PEs during storage were studied. The optimal conditions for the production of PEs included 0.055 % CS-NPs, 1 % CEO and 25,000 rpm homogenization. This PE had an encapsulation efficiency of 98 % and a gradual and appropriate release during the storage time. In the third phase, the antifungal activity of different concentrations of PEs compared with Xedamix (a commercial fungicide) was investigated with the aim of increasing the shelf life of oranges after harvesting. According to in vitro antifungal activity, minimum fungicidal concentration of the produced PEs against P. digitatum was equal to 2 %. Moreover, there was no significant difference between in situ inhibitory effects of PEs and Xedamix on the target fungus in spiked oranges.

本研究的目的是优化壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CS-NPs）稳定的皮克林乳剂（PEs）的生产，并将含有丁香精油（CEO）的皮克林乳剂（PEs）作为一种生物杀虫剂，以防止橙子中真菌（数字青霉）的生长。首先，合成 CS-NPs 并对其进行表征，以制备 PEs。所制备的 CS-NPs 平均粒径为 100 nm，接触角为 90°，zeta 电位为正；CS-NPs 具有亲水性，这表明其具有稳定水包油 PEs 的能力。其次，在不同的纳米粒子含量、CEO 含量和均质器速度下制备了 CS-NPs 稳定的 CEO 水包油 PE；研究了这些 PE 的傅立叶变换红外光谱、形态、尺寸和储存稳定性。生产 PE 的最佳条件包括 0.055 % 的 CS-NPs、1 % 的 CEO 和 25,000 rpm 的匀浆。这种 PE 的封装效率高达 98%，并能在储存期间逐渐适当释放。在第三阶段，研究了不同浓度的聚乙烯与 Xedamix（一种商用杀真菌剂）相比的抗真菌活性，目的是延长橙子收获后的货架期。根据体外抗真菌活性，生产的 PE 对地衣芽孢杆菌的最低杀菌浓度为 2%。此外，PEs 和 Xedamix 对加标橙子中目标真菌的原位抑制作用没有明显差异。

{"title":"Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles and loaded with clove essential oil as a green biopesticide: A case study on controlling fungal growth in oranges","authors":"Maryam Mottaki , Seid Mahdi Jafari , Seyyed Morteza Hosseini , Alireza Sadeghi , Fatemeh Heydari-Delfard","doi":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.113234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this research was to optimize the production of Pickering emulsions (PEs) stabilized by chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and containing clove essential oil (CEO) as a biopesticide against the fungal growth (<em>Penicillium digitatum</em>) in oranges. First, CS-NPs were synthesized and characterized to prepare PEs. The produced CS-NPs had an average size < 100 nm, contact angle < 90° and a positive zeta potential; CS-NPs were hydrophilic, which showed their ability to stabilize oil-in-water PEs. Second, PEs of CEO in water stabilized by CS-NPs were prepared at different levels of nanoparticles, CEO content, and homogenizer speeds; FTIR spectrum, morphology, size and stability of these PEs during storage were studied. The optimal conditions for the production of PEs included 0.055 % CS-NPs, 1 % CEO and 25,000 rpm homogenization. This PE had an encapsulation efficiency of 98 % and a gradual and appropriate release during the storage time. In the third phase, the antifungal activity of different concentrations of PEs compared with Xedamix (a commercial fungicide) was investigated with the aim of increasing the shelf life of oranges after harvesting. According to <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity, minimum fungicidal concentration of the produced PEs against <em>P. digitatum</em> was equal to 2 %. Moreover, there was no significant difference between <em>in situ</em> inhibitory effects of PEs and Xedamix on the target fungus in spiked oranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20328,"journal":{"name":"Postharvest Biology and Technology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 113234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0