A. Nowinska, D. Dobrowolski, E. Wróblewska-Czajka, U. Jurkunas, E. Wylęgała
Abstract Introduction To evaluate the long-term (10 year) outcomes of Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (BKPro; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA) surgery performed in 6 Polish patients. Materials and Methods 6 eyes of 6 patients (1 female and 5 males; mean age 49,5±6,34 years) were qualified for the surgery. Indications for BKPro surgery in the study group included: corneal graft failure (3 patients), chemical ocular burns (2 patients), and post-herpetic keratitis vascularized leucoma (1 patient). Visual acuity, slit-lamp examination with ocular surface assessment, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT), fundoscopy, and intraocular digital pressure measurement were performed at each visit. Results Retention of keratoprosthesis was achieved in all patients during the follow-up period. At last recorded visits VA≥0,2 was observed in 3 patients, LP in one patient and NLP in 2 patients. The complications which occurred in our case series were: glaucoma (4 patients preoperatively, 6 patients postoperatively), retroprosthetic membrane formation (1 patient), epimacular membrane formation (2 patients) and severe Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (3 patients). OCT analysis allowed imaging of anterior iris synechiae, AGV tube, protrusion of the BKPro and retroprosthetic membrane not visible on the slit lamp examination. Conclusions BKPro surgery should be considered as a surgery of choice in patients who have high risk of PK failure. OCT plays a role in anterior eye segment monitoring and detection of complications not visible on the slit lamp examination in the follow up period. Implementing the dry eye disease treatment should be recommended in all patients undergoing BKPro surgery.
摘要:评价波士顿1型角膜假体(BKPro;马萨诸塞州眼耳医院(Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA)对6名波兰患者进行手术。材料与方法6例患者6眼(女1例，男5例;平均年龄(49,5±6,34岁)符合手术条件。研究组BKPro手术的适应症包括:角膜移植失败(3例)、眼部化学烧伤(2例)、疱疹后角膜炎血管性白斑(1例)。每次就诊时进行视力、裂隙灯检查及眼表评估、前段光学相干断层扫描(AS OCT)、眼底镜检查和眼内数字压测量。结果所有患者在随访期间均获得角膜假体保留。最后记录就诊次数VA≥0,2例，LP 1例，NLP 2例。本组病例发生的并发症有:青光眼(术前4例，术后6例)、假体后膜形成(1例)、黄斑外膜形成(2例)、重度睑板腺功能障碍(3例)。OCT分析显示前虹膜粘连、AGV管、BKPro突出和假体后膜在裂隙灯检查中未见。结论对于PK衰竭高危患者，应考虑行BKPro手术。在随访期间，OCT在前眼段监测和发现裂隙灯检查未见的并发症方面发挥了重要作用。所有接受BKPro手术的患者都应推荐实施干眼病治疗。
{"title":"Long-term results of Boston keratoprosthesis surgery in Polish patients","authors":"A. Nowinska, D. Dobrowolski, E. Wróblewska-Czajka, U. Jurkunas, E. Wylęgała","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2021-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction To evaluate the long-term (10 year) outcomes of Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (BKPro; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA) surgery performed in 6 Polish patients. Materials and Methods 6 eyes of 6 patients (1 female and 5 males; mean age 49,5±6,34 years) were qualified for the surgery. Indications for BKPro surgery in the study group included: corneal graft failure (3 patients), chemical ocular burns (2 patients), and post-herpetic keratitis vascularized leucoma (1 patient). Visual acuity, slit-lamp examination with ocular surface assessment, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT), fundoscopy, and intraocular digital pressure measurement were performed at each visit. Results Retention of keratoprosthesis was achieved in all patients during the follow-up period. At last recorded visits VA≥0,2 was observed in 3 patients, LP in one patient and NLP in 2 patients. The complications which occurred in our case series were: glaucoma (4 patients preoperatively, 6 patients postoperatively), retroprosthetic membrane formation (1 patient), epimacular membrane formation (2 patients) and severe Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (3 patients). OCT analysis allowed imaging of anterior iris synechiae, AGV tube, protrusion of the BKPro and retroprosthetic membrane not visible on the slit lamp examination. Conclusions BKPro surgery should be considered as a surgery of choice in patients who have high risk of PK failure. OCT plays a role in anterior eye segment monitoring and detection of complications not visible on the slit lamp examination in the follow up period. Implementing the dry eye disease treatment should be recommended in all patients undergoing BKPro surgery.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48099198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nisari, N. Inanc, A. Tokpınar, Ö. Al, Sümeyye Uçar, M. Taştan, Şükrü Ateş, S. Yılmaz
Abstract Introduction One of the most important health problems today is cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of yarrow (Y) with known anticarcinogenic effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). Materials and Methods The above-ground part (300 g) of Y was macerated with water and extracted three times for 24 hours at 37°C in a shaking water bath. In the study, EAT cells were divided into control, DMSO group 5-FU, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/ml YP groups. Results At the end of the hour, it was observed that total apoptosis increased significantly in Y groups (especially 50 μg/ml) compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was observed that Y slowed the division of EAT cells (especially 800 μg/ml) by stopping the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage. It was concluded that Y (especially at high doses) triggered apoptosis by significantly increasing the percentage of total depolarized cells (p<0.001) in all three time periods. Conclusions The results obtained showed that Y extract may have an antitumoral effect on EAT cells. It is thought that this study will contribute to studies on cancer treatment.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on Ehrlich ascites tumor","authors":"M. Nisari, N. Inanc, A. Tokpınar, Ö. Al, Sümeyye Uçar, M. Taştan, Şükrü Ateş, S. Yılmaz","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction One of the most important health problems today is cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of yarrow (Y) with known anticarcinogenic effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). Materials and Methods The above-ground part (300 g) of Y was macerated with water and extracted three times for 24 hours at 37°C in a shaking water bath. In the study, EAT cells were divided into control, DMSO group 5-FU, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/ml YP groups. Results At the end of the hour, it was observed that total apoptosis increased significantly in Y groups (especially 50 μg/ml) compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was observed that Y slowed the division of EAT cells (especially 800 μg/ml) by stopping the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage. It was concluded that Y (especially at high doses) triggered apoptosis by significantly increasing the percentage of total depolarized cells (p<0.001) in all three time periods. Conclusions The results obtained showed that Y extract may have an antitumoral effect on EAT cells. It is thought that this study will contribute to studies on cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"431 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Oral cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, are the most common cancers of the head and neck. Of these, 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Surgery, which consists of dissection of the primary tumor and lymphadenectomy, is considered a radical method of treatment. There are several ranges of cervical lymphadenectomy: selective neck dissection (SND), modified radical neck dissection (MRND), and radical neck dissection (RND). The extension of surgery depends on the stage of clinical advancement, which can be determined by TNM classification, among other methods. The greatest controversy is related to SND in patients with cN0 (no evidence of regional lymph node metastasis), which is currently standard procedure. This approach is dictated by the possibility of hidden or subclinical metastases. The use of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept in patients with early stage of oral cancer and appropriate methods of its mapping may lead to a reduction in the extent of the lymphadenectomy procedure, thus reducing postoperative mortality and maintaining the patient’s function and quality of life, with correct oncological results. So far, available methods for SLN mapping are based on use of markers: methylene blue dye (MBD), metastable radioactive isotope Technetium (99mTc), or the fluorescent substance indocyanine green (ICG).
{"title":"Methods for sentinel lymph node mapping in oral cancer: a literature review","authors":"Barbara Trepka-Sirek, Iwona Niedzielska","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oral cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, are the most common cancers of the head and neck. Of these, 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Surgery, which consists of dissection of the primary tumor and lymphadenectomy, is considered a radical method of treatment. There are several ranges of cervical lymphadenectomy: selective neck dissection (SND), modified radical neck dissection (MRND), and radical neck dissection (RND). The extension of surgery depends on the stage of clinical advancement, which can be determined by TNM classification, among other methods. The greatest controversy is related to SND in patients with cN0 (no evidence of regional lymph node metastasis), which is currently standard procedure. This approach is dictated by the possibility of hidden or subclinical metastases. The use of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept in patients with early stage of oral cancer and appropriate methods of its mapping may lead to a reduction in the extent of the lymphadenectomy procedure, thus reducing postoperative mortality and maintaining the patient’s function and quality of life, with correct oncological results. So far, available methods for SLN mapping are based on use of markers: methylene blue dye (MBD), metastable radioactive isotope Technetium (99mTc), or the fluorescent substance indocyanine green (ICG).","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"268 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69110243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background The aim of the study was to present the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials/Methods The studies were conducted on male rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were divided into four groups. I: the controls received saline (0.2 ml); II: LPS, received LPS (Escherichia coli 026: B6) at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight; III: LA, received LA at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight; IV: LA + LPS, received LA (60 mg/kg b.w.) and after 30 min received LPS (6 mg/kg b.w.). All compounds were administered to the tail vein. After 5 hours of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and striated muscle from the thigh was prepared. The isolated muscle was homogenized. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined in the homogenates with the application of ELISA. Results The study showed a significant decrease in SOD-1 content and an increase in TNF-α in striated muscle after LPS administration. LA given 30 min before administration of LPS caused a significant increase in the level of SOD-1 and decreased levels of TNF-α in homogenates. Conclusion LA reduced the parameters of LPS oxidative stress, thus contributing to an increase in the body's antioxidant defense.
{"title":"The effect of lipoic acid on the content of SOD-1 and TNF-α in rat striated muscle","authors":"B. Skibska, Agnieszka Skibska, A. Gorąca","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2021-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The aim of the study was to present the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials/Methods The studies were conducted on male rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were divided into four groups. I: the controls received saline (0.2 ml); II: LPS, received LPS (Escherichia coli 026: B6) at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight; III: LA, received LA at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight; IV: LA + LPS, received LA (60 mg/kg b.w.) and after 30 min received LPS (6 mg/kg b.w.). All compounds were administered to the tail vein. After 5 hours of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and striated muscle from the thigh was prepared. The isolated muscle was homogenized. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined in the homogenates with the application of ELISA. Results The study showed a significant decrease in SOD-1 content and an increase in TNF-α in striated muscle after LPS administration. LA given 30 min before administration of LPS caused a significant increase in the level of SOD-1 and decreased levels of TNF-α in homogenates. Conclusion LA reduced the parameters of LPS oxidative stress, thus contributing to an increase in the body's antioxidant defense.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"11 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47145598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulina Lepka, T. Zatoński, Szczepan Barnaś, P. Lepka, A. Hałoń
Abstract Introduction The aim of the paper was to demonstrate that brush cytology can be useful in diagnostic evaluation of precancerous states and laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods Ninety-two patients were analyzed. The control group included patients with benign laryngeal lesions, while the study group was composed of patients in whom a precancerous condition or laryngeal cancer was suspected. Material for histopathological and cytological examination was collected during a laryngeal microsurgery. The authors analyzed the consistency of the results of cytological and histopathological examination in the diagnostic evaluation of precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancer. Results Comparing diagnoses based on cytological examination with the results of histopathological examinations, the authors observed that there was a strong and statistically significant (p<0.001) correlation between the results. The accuracy of brush cytology in the conducted study indicates that the sensitivity and specificity of the test reaches 90.09% and 93.5% with 4 false negative and 3 false positive results. Positive prediction reached 93% and negative prediction reached 91.5%. Conclusions Brush cytology of the larynx may be useful in screening and as an auxiliary test in diagnostic evaluation of precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancer.
{"title":"Correlation between brush cytology results and histopathological examination in diagnostic evaluation of precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancer: A prospective study","authors":"Paulina Lepka, T. Zatoński, Szczepan Barnaś, P. Lepka, A. Hałoń","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The aim of the paper was to demonstrate that brush cytology can be useful in diagnostic evaluation of precancerous states and laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods Ninety-two patients were analyzed. The control group included patients with benign laryngeal lesions, while the study group was composed of patients in whom a precancerous condition or laryngeal cancer was suspected. Material for histopathological and cytological examination was collected during a laryngeal microsurgery. The authors analyzed the consistency of the results of cytological and histopathological examination in the diagnostic evaluation of precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancer. Results Comparing diagnoses based on cytological examination with the results of histopathological examinations, the authors observed that there was a strong and statistically significant (p<0.001) correlation between the results. The accuracy of brush cytology in the conducted study indicates that the sensitivity and specificity of the test reaches 90.09% and 93.5% with 4 false negative and 3 false positive results. Positive prediction reached 93% and negative prediction reached 91.5%. Conclusions Brush cytology of the larynx may be useful in screening and as an auxiliary test in diagnostic evaluation of precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancer.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"149 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69110360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction The tumor gene SMAD4 was genetically inactivated in approximately half of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The correlation of SMAD4 gene expression in PC and its prognosis remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between loss of SMAD4 expression and the outcome of resectable PC. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the relevant electronic databases was conducted between SMAD4 expression and the outcome of PC patients until December 2020, including PubMed, Web of Science, and the China Journal Net. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association between SMAD4 gene expression and the prognosis of PC patients. Results Twelve studies were included. Our meta-analysis illustrated that there were no significant associations between the loss of SMAD4 gene expression and overall survival in resectable PC (HR=1.38, 95% CI 0.98–1.81). In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias, as showed by Begg's and Egger's test. There was no correlation between the loss of SMAD4 expression and local recurrence (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.52–1.80, p=0.914), while the loss of SMAD4 gene expression was associated with increased risk of distant recurrence (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.70, p=0.008). Conclusions After PC resection, the loss of SMAD4 gene expression was correlated with higher risk of distant recurrence, but not with local recurrence nor overall survival.
在大约一半的胰腺癌(PC)患者中，肿瘤基因SMAD4基因失活。SMAD4基因在PC中的表达与预后的关系尚不明确。本研究的目的是评估SMAD4表达缺失与可切除PC预后之间的关系。材料与方法系统检索截至2020年12月的SMAD4表达与PC患者预后的相关电子数据库，包括PubMed、Web of Science和中国期刊网。使用STATA 12.0进行荟萃分析，并使用95%置信区间(ci)的合并风险比(hr)来估计SMAD4基因表达与PC患者预后之间的关联强度。结果共纳入12项研究。我们的荟萃分析表明，SMAD4基因表达缺失与可切除PC患者的总生存率之间没有显著相关性(HR=1.38, 95% CI 0.98-1.81)。此外，Begg’s和Egger’s检验也没有发现发表偏倚的证据。SMAD4基因表达缺失与局部复发无相关性(OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.52 ~ 1.80, p=0.914)，而SMAD4基因表达缺失与远处复发风险增加相关(OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.08 ~ 1.70, p=0.008)。结论PC切除术后，SMAD4基因表达缺失与远处复发风险升高相关，但与局部复发和总生存期无关。
{"title":"Prognostic value of SMAD4 in resectable pancreatic cancer","authors":"H. Su, Cunchuan Wang","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The tumor gene SMAD4 was genetically inactivated in approximately half of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The correlation of SMAD4 gene expression in PC and its prognosis remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between loss of SMAD4 expression and the outcome of resectable PC. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the relevant electronic databases was conducted between SMAD4 expression and the outcome of PC patients until December 2020, including PubMed, Web of Science, and the China Journal Net. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association between SMAD4 gene expression and the prognosis of PC patients. Results Twelve studies were included. Our meta-analysis illustrated that there were no significant associations between the loss of SMAD4 gene expression and overall survival in resectable PC (HR=1.38, 95% CI 0.98–1.81). In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias, as showed by Begg's and Egger's test. There was no correlation between the loss of SMAD4 expression and local recurrence (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.52–1.80, p=0.914), while the loss of SMAD4 gene expression was associated with increased risk of distant recurrence (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.70, p=0.008). Conclusions After PC resection, the loss of SMAD4 gene expression was correlated with higher risk of distant recurrence, but not with local recurrence nor overall survival.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"324 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69110642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease – Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis – is an immune-mediated chronic disorder with still not fully elucidated complex mechanisms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysregulation is one of the major underlying mechanisms of inflammatory process induction in IBD. Proper IEB integrity is maintained to a large extent by intercellular tight junctions, the function of which can be modified by many molecules, including miRNAs. MiRNAs belong to noncoding and non-messenger RNAs, which can modulate gene expression by binding predicted mRNAs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways affecting the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD, with particular emphasis on therapeutic potentials. The aim of the review is also to determine the further development directions of the studies on miRNA in the modulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD.
{"title":"The functional role of miRNAs in inflammatory pathways associated with intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier regulation in IBD","authors":"Błażej Ochman, A. Kula, E. Świętochowska","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease – Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis – is an immune-mediated chronic disorder with still not fully elucidated complex mechanisms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysregulation is one of the major underlying mechanisms of inflammatory process induction in IBD. Proper IEB integrity is maintained to a large extent by intercellular tight junctions, the function of which can be modified by many molecules, including miRNAs. MiRNAs belong to noncoding and non-messenger RNAs, which can modulate gene expression by binding predicted mRNAs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways affecting the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD, with particular emphasis on therapeutic potentials. The aim of the review is also to determine the further development directions of the studies on miRNA in the modulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"254 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69110824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Zięba, M. Płonka, Albert Wróbel, T. Klupa, B. Matejko
Abstract Introduction Appropriate nutrition is an element affecting the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. There are only a few studies assessing the implementation of dietary recommendations in adult patients with type 1 diabetes; none of them assessed the implementation of nutritional standards. Our study aimed to assess the implementation of dietary recommendations and their relation to metabolic control in adults with T1DM treated with personal insulin pumps. Materials and Methods The study included 48 adult patients who were divided into two subgroups and compared, based on HbA1c above and below 6.5%. Each patient's nutrient, vitamin, and mineral intake was assessed on self-reported 3-day 24-hour surveys of food consumption. Records were introduced into the dietetic software DietaPro, (source: http://www.dietapro.eu/) which revealed nutrient content. We evaluated the percentage of patients with nutrient consumption below recommended values based on current recommendations. Results The studied population was characterized by insufficient consumption of most nutrients and vitamins: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C. Patients’ diet did supply correct amounts of phosphorus, and too much fatty acid and cholesterol. There were no statistically significant differences in most of the nutrient intakes across the two groups. Nevertheless, we observed a significant difference in the polyunsaturated fatty acids, sodium, niacin, and calcium intakes. Conclusions The studied patients consumed too much saturated fatty acid and dietary cholesterol. The consumption amounts of most nutrients and vitamins were associated with the risk of deficiency. The obtained results indicate the need for further dietary education for patients with T1DM.
{"title":"Assessment of dietary intake by self-report in adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump","authors":"K. Zięba, M. Płonka, Albert Wróbel, T. Klupa, B. Matejko","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Appropriate nutrition is an element affecting the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. There are only a few studies assessing the implementation of dietary recommendations in adult patients with type 1 diabetes; none of them assessed the implementation of nutritional standards. Our study aimed to assess the implementation of dietary recommendations and their relation to metabolic control in adults with T1DM treated with personal insulin pumps. Materials and Methods The study included 48 adult patients who were divided into two subgroups and compared, based on HbA1c above and below 6.5%. Each patient's nutrient, vitamin, and mineral intake was assessed on self-reported 3-day 24-hour surveys of food consumption. Records were introduced into the dietetic software DietaPro, (source: http://www.dietapro.eu/) which revealed nutrient content. We evaluated the percentage of patients with nutrient consumption below recommended values based on current recommendations. Results The studied population was characterized by insufficient consumption of most nutrients and vitamins: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C. Patients’ diet did supply correct amounts of phosphorus, and too much fatty acid and cholesterol. There were no statistically significant differences in most of the nutrient intakes across the two groups. Nevertheless, we observed a significant difference in the polyunsaturated fatty acids, sodium, niacin, and calcium intakes. Conclusions The studied patients consumed too much saturated fatty acid and dietary cholesterol. The consumption amounts of most nutrients and vitamins were associated with the risk of deficiency. The obtained results indicate the need for further dietary education for patients with T1DM.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"315 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69111260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fornal, A. Książkiewicz, Aleksandra Fornal, D. Zarzycka
Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing disease which causes characteristic eczematous skin lesions. The most common symptoms of atopic dermatitis are persistent pruritus, xerosis, and skin lesions with a typical location and appearance that changes with the patient’s age. The prevalence of the disease in the pediatric population is estimated at 10% to 30%, while in adults it ranges from 1% to 3%. The number of people who suffer from AD is rising every year. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and multifactorial. It involves elements of epidermal barrier dysfunction, alterations in cellular immune response, IgE hypersensitivity, and environmental factors. AD significantly reduces the quality of life of both patients and their families. Patients with AD are at higher risk for neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and headaches. The decreased quality of life of AD patients and their families is associated with the discomfort of recurrent and chronic inflammatory skin lesions, persistent pruritus, and the inconvenience of long-term therapy. It also affects the psychological development of children, contributes to behavioral disorders (hyperactivity, hypersensitivity) and impacts many areas of family life such as sleep, leisure activities, and relationships between family members. The basic treatment of AD is avoidance of potential harmful factors, proper care in the treatment of exacerbations, topical corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors in proactive therapy. In some patients who meet age criteria, phototherapy and cyclosporine should be considered. In individuals with severe AD who do not respond to topical treatment and who will not benefit from general therapy, dupilumab, a biologic drug, is the treatment of choice. Biologic treatment has an increasingly important place in the effective and modern therapy of AD. Currently, new biologic drugs are being researched, which may bring a therapeutic revolution in AD in the future. Allergen immunotherapy in patients with AD should be carefully evaluated on an individual basis, as proper selection of patients with documented IgE-dependent sensitization is important for the success of this therapy. Close collaboration with the patient and their caregivers, education, and psychological support as appropriate are integral to the treatment.
{"title":"Atopic dermatitis: Current standards of diagnosis and treatment, including the latest methods of management","authors":"R. Fornal, A. Książkiewicz, Aleksandra Fornal, D. Zarzycka","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing disease which causes characteristic eczematous skin lesions. The most common symptoms of atopic dermatitis are persistent pruritus, xerosis, and skin lesions with a typical location and appearance that changes with the patient’s age. The prevalence of the disease in the pediatric population is estimated at 10% to 30%, while in adults it ranges from 1% to 3%. The number of people who suffer from AD is rising every year. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and multifactorial. It involves elements of epidermal barrier dysfunction, alterations in cellular immune response, IgE hypersensitivity, and environmental factors. AD significantly reduces the quality of life of both patients and their families. Patients with AD are at higher risk for neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and headaches. The decreased quality of life of AD patients and their families is associated with the discomfort of recurrent and chronic inflammatory skin lesions, persistent pruritus, and the inconvenience of long-term therapy. It also affects the psychological development of children, contributes to behavioral disorders (hyperactivity, hypersensitivity) and impacts many areas of family life such as sleep, leisure activities, and relationships between family members. The basic treatment of AD is avoidance of potential harmful factors, proper care in the treatment of exacerbations, topical corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors in proactive therapy. In some patients who meet age criteria, phototherapy and cyclosporine should be considered. In individuals with severe AD who do not respond to topical treatment and who will not benefit from general therapy, dupilumab, a biologic drug, is the treatment of choice. Biologic treatment has an increasingly important place in the effective and modern therapy of AD. Currently, new biologic drugs are being researched, which may bring a therapeutic revolution in AD in the future. Allergen immunotherapy in patients with AD should be carefully evaluated on an individual basis, as proper selection of patients with documented IgE-dependent sensitization is important for the success of this therapy. Close collaboration with the patient and their caregivers, education, and psychological support as appropriate are integral to the treatment.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"198 1","pages":"282 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69110484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ł. Bułdak, Estera Skudrzyk, Grzegorz Machnik, Aleksandra Bołdys, R. Bułdak, B. Okopień
Abstract Introduction GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., exenatide) are novel drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. These drugs, working with other mechanisms of action, improve glycemic control by increasing secretion of insulin and improving survival of pancreatic islet beta cells. Alterations in the oxidative stress level or the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol uptake might be responsible for those findings. Currently, there are few in vitro studies on the impact of exenatide antioxidant capacity in human islet beta cell lines and none that assess the influence of exenatide on LDL receptors and PCSK9 under hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of exenatide on antioxidant capacity, insulin secretion, and proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism. Materials and Method An in vitro culture of insulin-secreting cells 1.1E7 was subjected to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Assessment was made of the expression of enzymes associated with oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, iNOS) and cholesterol uptake (LDL receptors, PCSK9). Additionally, insulin and nitrite levels in culture media were quantified. Results We showed that exenatide improves expression of catalase and reduces the amount of nitrite in cell cultures in a protein kinase A–dependent manner. Those results were accompanied by a drop in the expression of LDL receptors and PCSK9. Insulin secretion was modestly increased in the culture condition. Conclusions Our findings show potential protective mechanisms exerted by exenatide in human insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cell line (1.1E7), which may be exerted through increased antioxidant capacity and reduced accumulation of cholesterol.
{"title":"Exenatide improves antioxidant capacity and reduces the expression of LDL receptors and PCSK9 in human insulin-secreting 1.1E7 cell line subjected to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress","authors":"Ł. Bułdak, Estera Skudrzyk, Grzegorz Machnik, Aleksandra Bołdys, R. Bułdak, B. Okopień","doi":"10.2478/ahem-2021-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., exenatide) are novel drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. These drugs, working with other mechanisms of action, improve glycemic control by increasing secretion of insulin and improving survival of pancreatic islet beta cells. Alterations in the oxidative stress level or the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol uptake might be responsible for those findings. Currently, there are few in vitro studies on the impact of exenatide antioxidant capacity in human islet beta cell lines and none that assess the influence of exenatide on LDL receptors and PCSK9 under hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of exenatide on antioxidant capacity, insulin secretion, and proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism. Materials and Method An in vitro culture of insulin-secreting cells 1.1E7 was subjected to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Assessment was made of the expression of enzymes associated with oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, iNOS) and cholesterol uptake (LDL receptors, PCSK9). Additionally, insulin and nitrite levels in culture media were quantified. Results We showed that exenatide improves expression of catalase and reduces the amount of nitrite in cell cultures in a protein kinase A–dependent manner. Those results were accompanied by a drop in the expression of LDL receptors and PCSK9. Insulin secretion was modestly increased in the culture condition. Conclusions Our findings show potential protective mechanisms exerted by exenatide in human insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cell line (1.1E7), which may be exerted through increased antioxidant capacity and reduced accumulation of cholesterol.","PeriodicalId":20347,"journal":{"name":"Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej","volume":"76 1","pages":"16 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69109572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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