Structural battery composites (SBCs) represent an emerging multifunctional technology in which materials functionalized with energy storage capabilities are used to build load-bearing structural components. However, due to the liquid electrolyte contamination in structural battery electrolyte (SBE) and the large volume expansion of active battery materials, the poor interlayer interfacial in multilayer SBCs often causes difficulties in practical use. In this study, a new porous LiFePO4-graphite SBC is designed and fabricated by independently distributing battery materials and resin matrix on carbon fiber fabric in pattern lattice form to prepare electrodes prepreg. The cured porous composite framework supports the load-bearing function while limiting the electrochemical reaction in liquid electrolyte within lattices. The electrodes show reversible electric resistance after 3000 bending cycles with radius as small as 10 mm. The mechanical properties enhance significantly with tensile strength of 486.1 MPa and Young's modulus of 9.1 GPa compared to that with a liquid–solid biphasic mixed SBE structure. The SBC also exhibits a favorable capacity of 27.8 mAh/g at 0.1C. This straightforward integration path of mechanical and electrical functionalities is compatible with the manufacturing process of aerospace composite structures, which will provide an efficient and convenient energy supply solution for distributed electronics.
{"title":"Porous structural battery composite for coordinated integration of mechanical and electrical functionalities","authors":"Yongxi He, Jiacheng Zhang, Yiqun Zhang, Xuechao Duan, Jinzhu Zhou, Wenjie Gao, Xun Li, Guanheng Fan, Peng Li","doi":"10.1002/pc.29060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29060","url":null,"abstract":"Structural battery composites (SBCs) represent an emerging multifunctional technology in which materials functionalized with energy storage capabilities are used to build load-bearing structural components. However, due to the liquid electrolyte contamination in structural battery electrolyte (SBE) and the large volume expansion of active battery materials, the poor interlayer interfacial in multilayer SBCs often causes difficulties in practical use. In this study, a new porous LiFePO<sub>4</sub>-graphite SBC is designed and fabricated by independently distributing battery materials and resin matrix on carbon fiber fabric in pattern lattice form to prepare electrodes prepreg. The cured porous composite framework supports the load-bearing function while limiting the electrochemical reaction in liquid electrolyte within lattices. The electrodes show reversible electric resistance after 3000 bending cycles with radius as small as 10 mm. The mechanical properties enhance significantly with tensile strength of 486.1 MPa and Young's modulus of 9.1 GPa compared to that with a liquid–solid biphasic mixed SBE structure. The SBC also exhibits a favorable capacity of 27.8 mAh/g at 0.1C. This straightforward integration path of mechanical and electrical functionalities is compatible with the manufacturing process of aerospace composite structures, which will provide an efficient and convenient energy supply solution for distributed electronics.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa El-Din A. El-Sisi, Hani A. Salim, Shady A. Gomaa, Mohamed H. El-Feky
Due to recent advancements in textile fabrication, woven fabric reinforcements are used in composite structures as an alternative to traditional unidirectional fiber reinforcing layups. In this paper, experimental work was performed to study the behavior of multiple bolt-lapped joints under uniaxial tension. Different bolt numbers, composite layups, and fabric configurations were studied. Single- and double-lap configurations were used to investigate the effect of secondary stresses. It was found that the P-δ curves of lapped joints exhibit four primary stages: a linear elastic stage, followed by a nonlinear hardening stage, then linear hardening leading up to the peak, and finally a softening stage. For double-lapped non-woven joints, the curves encompass only the first three stages; however, for woven composites, the last stage is very small. In addition, among the laminates, the non-woven laminate sustains the highest normalized failure load, except in the staggered case, where the quasi-isotropic woven laminate exhibits higher strength. Conversely, the bidirectional woven laminate demonstrates the lowest loads and the highest deformation.
{"title":"Progressive failure analysis of woven and non-woven CFRP composite/steel bolted joints","authors":"Alaa El-Din A. El-Sisi, Hani A. Salim, Shady A. Gomaa, Mohamed H. El-Feky","doi":"10.1002/pc.29051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29051","url":null,"abstract":"Due to recent advancements in textile fabrication, woven fabric reinforcements are used in composite structures as an alternative to traditional unidirectional fiber reinforcing layups. In this paper, experimental work was performed to study the behavior of multiple bolt-lapped joints under uniaxial tension. Different bolt numbers, composite layups, and fabric configurations were studied. Single- and double-lap configurations were used to investigate the effect of secondary stresses. It was found that the P-δ curves of lapped joints exhibit four primary stages: a linear elastic stage, followed by a nonlinear hardening stage, then linear hardening leading up to the peak, and finally a softening stage. For double-lapped non-woven joints, the curves encompass only the first three stages; however, for woven composites, the last stage is very small. In addition, among the laminates, the non-woven laminate sustains the highest normalized failure load, except in the staggered case, where the quasi-isotropic woven laminate exhibits higher strength. Conversely, the bidirectional woven laminate demonstrates the lowest loads and the highest deformation.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unique hybrid thermoplastic composites based on polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM C), 10 wt.% glass fiber (GF) and graphite (Grt) filler at 1, 3, and 5 wt.% were developed using injection molding technique. According to the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, present experiments were carried out with the aim of determining the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) under a range of loads (namely, 5, 10, 20, and 30 N), sliding speeds (namely, 200, 400, 600, and 800 rpm), and run times (namely, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) with varying wt.% of Grt (namely, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) throughout the experiment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the most significant factors that affect the output functions (viz., COF and SWR). The findings demonstrated that POM C/10GF composites' tribo-mechanical, structural, and thermal properties were considerably improved upon by including Grt. Various microscopical methods were also employed to study the wear mechanisms of the composites and the surface morphology of the worn samples. The POM C/10GF with a 3 wt.% of Grt exhibited superior tribological properties owing to its enhanced interfacial bonding characteristics, resulting to increased wear resistance.
{"title":"Impact of graphite on tribo-mechanical, structural, and thermal behaviors of polyoxymethylene copolymer/glass fiber hybrid composites via Taguchi optimization","authors":"Kamlendra Vikram, Shubrajit Bhaumik, Sumit Pramanik","doi":"10.1002/pc.29072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29072","url":null,"abstract":"Unique hybrid thermoplastic composites based on polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM C), 10 wt.% glass fiber (GF) and graphite (Grt) filler at 1, 3, and 5 wt.% were developed using injection molding technique. According to the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, present experiments were carried out with the aim of determining the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (<i>SWR</i>) under a range of loads (namely, 5, 10, 20, and 30 N), sliding speeds (namely, 200, 400, 600, and 800 rpm), and run times (namely, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) with varying wt.% of Grt (namely, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) throughout the experiment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the most significant factors that affect the output functions (viz., COF and <i>SWR</i>). The findings demonstrated that POM C/10GF composites' tribo-mechanical, structural, and thermal properties were considerably improved upon by including Grt. Various microscopical methods were also employed to study the wear mechanisms of the composites and the surface morphology of the worn samples. The POM C/10GF with a 3 wt.% of Grt exhibited superior tribological properties owing to its enhanced interfacial bonding characteristics, resulting to increased wear resistance.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzaneh Jaberi Mofrad, Ali Ahmadpour, Saeed Ostad Movahed
This study assesses the effectiveness of a specially developed surface-modified carbon black, both on its own and in combination with nano-silica, as a hybrid filler for ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber compounds. The modification process, which included treatment with a silane coupling agent, resulted in enhanced curing characteristics. The ∆Torque values for compounds incorporating the modified carbon black exceeded those of other formulations by 25.85%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated improved filler dispersion and better compatibility between rubber and filler due to the surface modification. The silane-modified carbon black showed considerable enhancements in mechanical properties, particularly in tear resistance, with increases in tensile and tear strength of 22.46% and 34.86%, respectively, following surface treatment. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated the influence of both surface modification and filler type, revealing that the combination of modified carbon black and nano-silica achieved a reduction in rolling resistance of 20.41% and enhanced ice and wet grip performance by 7.95%. Additionally, modified carbon black displayed varying effects on the glass transition temperature. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the thermal stability of the compounds was consistent, while solvent resistance improved with surface modification, as shown by swelling ratios. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the surface modification of carbon black positively influences the elasticity and chain mobility of the rubber compounds studied. In conclusion, the careful selection and optimization of filler materials and their modifications are essential for customizing the properties of rubber compounds to satisfy specific performance criteria and applications.
{"title":"The effect of silane-modified carbon black and nano-silica, individually and in combination, on the performance of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber","authors":"Farzaneh Jaberi Mofrad, Ali Ahmadpour, Saeed Ostad Movahed","doi":"10.1002/pc.29006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29006","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the effectiveness of a specially developed surface-modified carbon black, both on its own and in combination with nano-silica, as a hybrid filler for ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber compounds. The modification process, which included treatment with a silane coupling agent, resulted in enhanced curing characteristics. The ∆Torque values for compounds incorporating the modified carbon black exceeded those of other formulations by 25.85%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated improved filler dispersion and better compatibility between rubber and filler due to the surface modification. The silane-modified carbon black showed considerable enhancements in mechanical properties, particularly in tear resistance, with increases in tensile and tear strength of 22.46% and 34.86%, respectively, following surface treatment. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated the influence of both surface modification and filler type, revealing that the combination of modified carbon black and nano-silica achieved a reduction in rolling resistance of 20.41% and enhanced ice and wet grip performance by 7.95%. Additionally, modified carbon black displayed varying effects on the glass transition temperature. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the thermal stability of the compounds was consistent, while solvent resistance improved with surface modification, as shown by swelling ratios. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the surface modification of carbon black positively influences the elasticity and chain mobility of the rubber compounds studied. In conclusion, the careful selection and optimization of filler materials and their modifications are essential for customizing the properties of rubber compounds to satisfy specific performance criteria and applications.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Zhao, Xiaorui Liu, Tao Feng, Jialong Zhao, Wei Guo
To explore the potential application of plant fiber reinforced composites for automotive component applications, this study prepared bamboo fiber (BF)/nano-talc/polypropylene (PP) composites based on the injection molding process, comprehensively evaluated the effect of reinforcement materials on the forming properties of composites, including thermal performance, mechanical properties, water absorption, etc. Furthermore, taking a certain automotive injection molded interior part as the object, a life-cycle assessment from production to the gate was conducted based on the real energy and material consumption during the composite preparation process. The results indicate that adding BF and talc powder increased the thermal stability, density, hardness, viscosity, and crystallinity of the composites while reducing the water contact angle on the surface. Surface-modified BF and PP showed good compatibility. Talc powder exhibited good dispersibility in PP, and the synergistic effect of BF and talc powder effectively enhanced the composite performance. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the composites were improved by 40.64%, 51.48%, and 66.51%, respectively, compared with pure PP. The modulus of the composite increased nearly 2 times compared with pure PP. Additionally, the composite demonstrated good friction and wear properties. The environmental impact of the BF composite manufacturing process was significantly higher than that of pure PP. The substantial consumption of electricity, chemicals, and water resources in the extraction and modification processes of BF were the main factors. The findings of this study contribute to achieving green, high-performance BF composite manufacturing and the expansion of its applications.
{"title":"Forming performance and environmental impact of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composites based on injection molding process for automobiles","authors":"Feng Zhao, Xiaorui Liu, Tao Feng, Jialong Zhao, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1002/pc.29008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29008","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the potential application of plant fiber reinforced composites for automotive component applications, this study prepared bamboo fiber (BF)/nano-talc/polypropylene (PP) composites based on the injection molding process, comprehensively evaluated the effect of reinforcement materials on the forming properties of composites, including thermal performance, mechanical properties, water absorption, etc. Furthermore, taking a certain automotive injection molded interior part as the object, a life-cycle assessment from production to the gate was conducted based on the real energy and material consumption during the composite preparation process. The results indicate that adding BF and talc powder increased the thermal stability, density, hardness, viscosity, and crystallinity of the composites while reducing the water contact angle on the surface. Surface-modified BF and PP showed good compatibility. Talc powder exhibited good dispersibility in PP, and the synergistic effect of BF and talc powder effectively enhanced the composite performance. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the composites were improved by 40.64%, 51.48%, and 66.51%, respectively, compared with pure PP. The modulus of the composite increased nearly 2 times compared with pure PP. Additionally, the composite demonstrated good friction and wear properties. The environmental impact of the BF composite manufacturing process was significantly higher than that of pure PP. The substantial consumption of electricity, chemicals, and water resources in the extraction and modification processes of BF were the main factors. The findings of this study contribute to achieving green, high-performance BF composite manufacturing and the expansion of its applications.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) has been applied for the molding of composite complex structures due to the advantages of flexibility and one-step forming. In this study, feature points simplification, merging and rearrangement were accomplished for Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) beam and cantilever beam to generate single-stroke print paths for the specimens. For the significant stress areas in the finite element analysis results of these structures, a local reinforcement method using orthogonal layups was proposed, which was achieved by raising and lowering the print head and adjusting the fiber volume fraction during the printing. After experimental validation and failure modes analysis, the path planning significantly improved the peak load and structural stiffness of the specimens, and the local reinforcement further enhanced the equivalent specific strength and specific stiffness. This study provides a single-stroke 3D printing strategy for complex structure molding in conjunction with parameter adjustments.
{"title":"3D printing single-stroke path planning, local reinforcement and performance testing of MBB beams and cantilever beams","authors":"Jianshu Wang, Hongya Fu, Zhenyu Han, Hongyu Jin, Peng Zhang, Shouzheng Sun","doi":"10.1002/pc.29073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29073","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) has been applied for the molding of composite complex structures due to the advantages of flexibility and one-step forming. In this study, feature points simplification, merging and rearrangement were accomplished for Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) beam and cantilever beam to generate single-stroke print paths for the specimens. For the significant stress areas in the finite element analysis results of these structures, a local reinforcement method using orthogonal layups was proposed, which was achieved by raising and lowering the print head and adjusting the fiber volume fraction during the printing. After experimental validation and failure modes analysis, the path planning significantly improved the peak load and structural stiffness of the specimens, and the local reinforcement further enhanced the equivalent specific strength and specific stiffness. This study provides a single-stroke 3D printing strategy for complex structure molding in conjunction with parameter adjustments.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Madhusudhan Reddy, P. Harisankar, G. Suresh Kumar, R. Meenakshi Reddy, N. Ananthakrishna, Y. V. Mohan Reddy
Single fiber polymer composites containing either natural or artificial fibers may not deliver the desired characteristics. The current study used the hand-layup technique to make a hybrid composite by incorporating the natural fiber, Cordia-dichotoma (CD) and artificial fiber, carbon fibers (CF) in a polyester matrix and compressing the mixture for the desired size. The current study investigates the influence of carbon fiber loading (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) on the mechanical, structural, and crystalline properties of CD/polyester composites keeping the total fiber loading at 20 wt%. Mechanical properties are investigated with a universal testing machine, and impact strength using Izod impact apparatus. Better mechanical properties (tensile strength-457.38 MPa; flexural strength-290.09 MPa and impact strength-346.46 J/m) were obtained for the pure carbon fiber composite arranged in four layers (CF/CF/CF/CF), followed by hybrid composite (CF/CD/CD/CF) (tensile strength-319.24 MPa; flexural strength-253.03 MPa and impact strength-291.34 J/m) whereas pure CD fiber (CD/CD/CD/CD) composite yielded the lowest values (tensile strength-117.96 MPa; flexural strength-164.99 MPa and impact strength-118.11 J/m). Composites undergo hybridization, which improves their mechanical properties, lowers their cost, and makes them more environmentally friendly. The characteristics of the specimens were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to findings, crystallinity index is increased from 77.94% for CD/CD/CD/CD composite and increased to 78.21% for CF/CD/CD/CF composite. Highest crystallinity index of 82.46% was obtained for CF/CF/CF/CF composite. These hybrid composites may be used for applications involving medium loads.
{"title":"Enhancement of mechanical and structural characteristics through the hybridization of carbon fiber with Cordia-dichotoma/polyester composite","authors":"B. Madhusudhan Reddy, P. Harisankar, G. Suresh Kumar, R. Meenakshi Reddy, N. Ananthakrishna, Y. V. Mohan Reddy","doi":"10.1002/pc.29074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29074","url":null,"abstract":"Single fiber polymer composites containing either natural or artificial fibers may not deliver the desired characteristics. The current study used the hand-layup technique to make a hybrid composite by incorporating the natural fiber, Cordia-dichotoma (CD) and artificial fiber, carbon fibers (CF) in a polyester matrix and compressing the mixture for the desired size. The current study investigates the influence of carbon fiber loading (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) on the mechanical, structural, and crystalline properties of CD/polyester composites keeping the total fiber loading at 20 wt%. Mechanical properties are investigated with a universal testing machine, and impact strength using Izod impact apparatus. Better mechanical properties (tensile strength-457.38 MPa; flexural strength-290.09 MPa and impact strength-346.46 J/m) were obtained for the pure carbon fiber composite arranged in four layers (CF/CF/CF/CF), followed by hybrid composite (CF/CD/CD/CF) (tensile strength-319.24 MPa; flexural strength-253.03 MPa and impact strength-291.34 J/m) whereas pure CD fiber (CD/CD/CD/CD) composite yielded the lowest values (tensile strength-117.96 MPa; flexural strength-164.99 MPa and impact strength-118.11 J/m). Composites undergo hybridization, which improves their mechanical properties, lowers their cost, and makes them more environmentally friendly. The characteristics of the specimens were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to findings, crystallinity index is increased from 77.94% for CD/CD/CD/CD composite and increased to 78.21% for CF/CD/CD/CF composite. Highest crystallinity index of 82.46% was obtained for CF/CF/CF/CF composite. These hybrid composites may be used for applications involving medium loads.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Liang, Xinyue Wei, Yongyue Peng, Xiaohan Wang, Xiaoting Niu
Composites are undergoing extensive research and utilization due to their excellent mechanical properties, driven by human needs. Traditionally, the research methods in materials science predominantly rely on empirical theory or experimental trial and error approaches. However, the increased complexity of composite materials results in a greater intricacy in their mechanical behavior. Consequently, the utilization of traditional research methods may not achieve sufficient efficiency. Materials science is rapidly transitioning into a data-driven era, with machine learning (ML) emerging as a potent tool to expedite materials development and enhance properties prediction. Significant advancements have been achieved in the application of ML to the study of composite mechanics. In this review article, we elucidate various ML methods employed in the construction of constitutive models for isotropic and anisotropic composites, and delve into the research on construction ML models that leverage input data derived from composite processes, structures, and environmental conditions to predict material mechanical properties. Additionally, we summarize recent noteworthy ML applications in composite design and optimization. Finally, possible prospective viewpoints are proposed for future development, with the aim of providing essential scientific guidance for advancing material science and technology through ML.
在人类需求的推动下，复合材料因其卓越的机械性能正得到广泛的研究和应用。传统上，材料科学的研究方法主要依靠经验理论或实验试错法。然而，复合材料复杂性的增加导致其机械行为更加错综复杂。因此，使用传统的研究方法可能无法达到足够的效率。材料科学正迅速过渡到数据驱动时代，机器学习（ML）已成为加快材料开发和增强性能预测的有力工具。在将 ML 应用于复合材料力学研究方面，已经取得了重大进展。在这篇综述文章中，我们阐释了在构建各向同性和各向异性复合材料构成模型时所采用的各种 ML 方法，并深入探讨了有关构建 ML 模型的研究，这些模型利用从复合材料工艺、结构和环境条件中获得的输入数据来预测材料的力学性能。此外，我们还总结了最近在复合材料设计和优化方面值得关注的 ML 应用。最后，我们为未来的发展提出了可能的前瞻性观点，旨在通过 ML 为材料科学与技术的进步提供重要的科学指导。
{"title":"A review on recent applications of machine learning in mechanical properties of composites","authors":"Yi Liang, Xinyue Wei, Yongyue Peng, Xiaohan Wang, Xiaoting Niu","doi":"10.1002/pc.29082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29082","url":null,"abstract":"Composites are undergoing extensive research and utilization due to their excellent mechanical properties, driven by human needs. Traditionally, the research methods in materials science predominantly rely on empirical theory or experimental trial and error approaches. However, the increased complexity of composite materials results in a greater intricacy in their mechanical behavior. Consequently, the utilization of traditional research methods may not achieve sufficient efficiency. Materials science is rapidly transitioning into a data-driven era, with machine learning (ML) emerging as a potent tool to expedite materials development and enhance properties prediction. Significant advancements have been achieved in the application of ML to the study of composite mechanics. In this review article, we elucidate various ML methods employed in the construction of constitutive models for isotropic and anisotropic composites, and delve into the research on construction ML models that leverage input data derived from composite processes, structures, and environmental conditions to predict material mechanical properties. Additionally, we summarize recent noteworthy ML applications in composite design and optimization. Finally, possible prospective viewpoints are proposed for future development, with the aim of providing essential scientific guidance for advancing material science and technology through ML.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"55 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are materials of interest several industrial sectors because of their mechanical properties and low weight. However, applications in high-temperature areas are limited because of thermal degradation. Thus, thin coatings acting as thermal shielding and ensuring the upkeep of CFRP structural stiffness are of high interest. This work presents an innovative approach to produce copper/graphene bilayer coatings through electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition; it consists of laser pre-treatment of the composite surface to remove the matrix layer exposing the carbon fibers, enabling the subsequent deposition. Bi-layer graphene/copper coatings exhibit an enhancement in copper electrodeposition efficiency of more than 59% resulting in a 97% stiffness improvement compared to the single layer copper electroplating. All the obtained coatings were able to act as a thermal shield of the CFRPs, reducing the maximum temperature of the composite by more than 60%. In particular, due to the synergistic effect of copper and graphene, the GNPs-Cu coating achieved the highest maximum temperature reduction (81%). Cross-sectional analysis indicates severe delamination in uncoated CFRPs, whereas double-layer coatings maintain structural integrity and prevent delamination even under high-energy exposure. In addition, the coated composites exhibit a higher electrical conductivity compared to the laser cleaned CFRP, with the GNPs-Cu coating that obtained a 90% enhancement because of the outstanding electrical properties of copper and graphene.
{"title":"Copper-graphene coatings for improving thermal shielding of CFRPs through electrodeposition techniques","authors":"Silvio Genna, Daniel Salvi, Nadia Ucciardello","doi":"10.1002/pc.29083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29083","url":null,"abstract":"Today, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are materials of interest several industrial sectors because of their mechanical properties and low weight. However, applications in high-temperature areas are limited because of thermal degradation. Thus, thin coatings acting as thermal shielding and ensuring the upkeep of CFRP structural stiffness are of high interest. This work presents an innovative approach to produce copper/graphene bilayer coatings through electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition; it consists of laser pre-treatment of the composite surface to remove the matrix layer exposing the carbon fibers, enabling the subsequent deposition. Bi-layer graphene/copper coatings exhibit an enhancement in copper electrodeposition efficiency of more than 59% resulting in a 97% stiffness improvement compared to the single layer copper electroplating. All the obtained coatings were able to act as a thermal shield of the CFRPs, reducing the maximum temperature of the composite by more than 60%. In particular, due to the synergistic effect of copper and graphene, the GNPs-Cu coating achieved the highest maximum temperature reduction (81%). Cross-sectional analysis indicates severe delamination in uncoated CFRPs, whereas double-layer coatings maintain structural integrity and prevent delamination even under high-energy exposure. In addition, the coated composites exhibit a higher electrical conductivity compared to the laser cleaned CFRP, with the GNPs-Cu coating that obtained a 90% enhancement because of the outstanding electrical properties of copper and graphene.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic elastomer composites are extending the field of soft robotics by integrating the flexibility of elastomers with the versatile performance of magnetic materials. In this work, a series of magnetic elastomers (BaCoxTixFe12–2xO19/PDMS) with tunable magnetic response have been successfully synthesized. In this composite, the magnetic component consists of Co-Ti co-doped barium hexaferrite (BaCoxTixFe12–2xO19, BCTF) nano powders, and the matrix is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The coercivity (Hc) of BCTF can be reduced from 3950 Oe to 70 Oe, which bestow on the magnetic elastomer different magnetic response behavior. These magnetic elastomer composites obtained by blending have low Young's modulus, approximately 1.5 MPa. Furthermore, when applying the same external magnetic field, BaCo1.2Ti1.2Fe9.6O19/PDMS the magnetic deformation Angle can be as high as 60°. These magnetic elastomers exhibit different magnetic-induced deformation owing to the adjustable permeability of the magnetic nanoparticles. This research significantly advances the design of applications with specific magnetic characteristics, such as sensors and transducers, thus opening new horizons for innovation in soft robotics and related fields.
{"title":"Magnetic elastomer composites with tunable magnetization behaviors for flexible magnetic transducers","authors":"Yue Wang, Zihan Wang, Xiayu Liu, Luodan Zhang, Qingxin Li, Duaa Abdallaha, Xiaoli Song, Lifeng Zhang, Hui Sun, Junliang Liu","doi":"10.1002/pc.29042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29042","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic elastomer composites are extending the field of soft robotics by integrating the flexibility of elastomers with the versatile performance of magnetic materials. In this work, a series of magnetic elastomers (BaCo<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>12–2<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>19</sub>/PDMS) with tunable magnetic response have been successfully synthesized. In this composite, the magnetic component consists of Co-Ti co-doped barium hexaferrite (BaCo<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>12–2<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>19</sub>, BCTF) nano powders, and the matrix is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>c</sub>) of BCTF can be reduced from 3950 Oe to 70 Oe, which bestow on the magnetic elastomer different magnetic response behavior. These magnetic elastomer composites obtained by blending have low Young's modulus, approximately 1.5 MPa. Furthermore, when applying the same external magnetic field, BaCo<sub>1.2</sub>Ti<sub>1.2</sub>Fe<sub>9.6</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/PDMS the magnetic deformation Angle can be as high as 60°. These magnetic elastomers exhibit different magnetic-induced deformation owing to the adjustable permeability of the magnetic nanoparticles. This research significantly advances the design of applications with specific magnetic characteristics, such as sensors and transducers, thus opening new horizons for innovation in soft robotics and related fields.","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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