Gabriel M. Pinto, Emna Helal, Hélio Ribeiro, Eric David, Nicole R. Demarquette, Guilhermino J. M. Fechine
By incorporating nanomaterials into polymer matrices, nanocomposites can be produced with enhanced properties, combining the ease of processing thermoplastics with the superior physical characteristics of nanoparticles. In this study, fully bio‐based polyamide 1010 was used as the polymer matrix, with graphene oxide (GO), hexagonal‐boron nitride (h‐BN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), both individually and in hybrids, serving as fillers. The tensile behavior of these nanocomposites was evaluated at room temperature and −40 °C, along with their morphology and microstructure. Results showed that the nanomaterials slightly shifted the polymer's crystallization temperature upward, indicating a small nucleating effect, but also hindered the development of crystalline domains, reducing the crystallization kinetics. Despite no change in the final crystalline form, nanocomposites with h‐BN and MoS2 showed lower microstructural order as evidenced by XRD. Regarding tensile behavior, GO provided the greatest toughening at room temperature due to its larger lateral dimensions and good chemical affinity with the matrix. However, at low temperatures, h‐BN‐based nanocomposites maintained the toughening effect better than GO‐based ones. This can be attributed to the lower order of the polymer's semi‐crystalline structure promoted by h‐BN, allowing greater energy dissipation. Surprisingly, hybrid fillers did not exhibit synergistic effects, with one nanomaterial hampering the effect of the other. However, SEM analysis indicated that the fracture mechanisms of the nanocomposites remained unchanged from the neat polymer, which makes them interesting options for applications that require desirable mechanical properties at a wide temperature range.HighlightsGO showed the best toughening of polyamide 1010 at room temperature.Toughening at room temperature is mainly due to nanomaterials physical traits.Most nanofillers lowered polyamide's overall microstructural order.Toughening at −40 °C is mainly due to lower microstructural order.
通过在聚合物基体中加入纳米材料，可以生产出性能更强的纳米复合材料，将热塑性塑料的易加工性与纳米粒子的优异物理特性结合起来。本研究以完全生物基的聚酰胺 1010 为聚合物基体，以氧化石墨烯（GO）、六方氮化硼（h-BN）和二硫化钼（MoS2）单独或混合作为填料。对这些纳米复合材料在室温和 -40 °C 下的拉伸行为及其形态和微观结构进行了评估。结果表明，纳米材料使聚合物的结晶温度略微上移，表明其具有微小的成核效应，但同时也阻碍了结晶畴的形成，降低了结晶动力学。尽管最终的结晶形式没有改变，但从 XRD 中可以看出，含有 h-BN 和 MoS2 的纳米复合材料显示出较低的微观结构有序性。在拉伸行为方面，由于 GO 的横向尺寸较大，且与基体的化学亲和性较好，因此其在室温下的韧性最大。然而，在低温条件下，h-BN 基纳米复合材料比 GO 基纳米复合材料能更好地保持增韧效果。这可能是由于 h-BN 促进了聚合物半结晶结构的低阶化，从而允许更大的能量耗散。令人惊讶的是，混合填料并没有表现出协同效应，一种纳米材料阻碍了另一种纳米材料的效果。不过，扫描电镜分析表明，纳米复合材料的断裂机制与纯聚合物相比没有变化，这使它们成为需要在宽温度范围内具有理想机械性能的应用领域的有趣选择。室温下增韧的主要原因是纳米材料的物理特性。大多数纳米填料都降低了聚酰胺的整体微结构有序性。-40°C下的增韧主要是由于微观结构阶次降低。
{"title":"Effect of environmental temperature and semi‐crystalline order on the toughening of polyamide 1010 by 2D nanomaterials","authors":"Gabriel M. Pinto, Emna Helal, Hélio Ribeiro, Eric David, Nicole R. Demarquette, Guilhermino J. M. Fechine","doi":"10.1002/pc.29019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29019","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>By incorporating nanomaterials into polymer matrices, nanocomposites can be produced with enhanced properties, combining the ease of processing thermoplastics with the superior physical characteristics of nanoparticles. In this study, fully bio‐based polyamide 1010 was used as the polymer matrix, with graphene oxide (GO), hexagonal‐boron nitride (h‐BN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), both individually and in hybrids, serving as fillers. The tensile behavior of these nanocomposites was evaluated at room temperature and −40 °C, along with their morphology and microstructure. Results showed that the nanomaterials slightly shifted the polymer's crystallization temperature upward, indicating a small nucleating effect, but also hindered the development of crystalline domains, reducing the crystallization kinetics. Despite no change in the final crystalline form, nanocomposites with h‐BN and MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> showed lower microstructural order as evidenced by XRD. Regarding tensile behavior, GO provided the greatest toughening at room temperature due to its larger lateral dimensions and good chemical affinity with the matrix. However, at low temperatures, h‐BN‐based nanocomposites maintained the toughening effect better than GO‐based ones. This can be attributed to the lower order of the polymer's semi‐crystalline structure promoted by h‐BN, allowing greater energy dissipation. Surprisingly, hybrid fillers did not exhibit synergistic effects, with one nanomaterial hampering the effect of the other. However, SEM analysis indicated that the fracture mechanisms of the nanocomposites remained unchanged from the neat polymer, which makes them interesting options for applications that require desirable mechanical properties at a wide temperature range.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>GO showed the best toughening of polyamide 1010 at room temperature.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Toughening at room temperature is mainly due to nanomaterials physical traits.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Most nanofillers lowered polyamide's overall microstructural order.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Toughening at −40 °C is mainly due to lower microstructural order.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanqin Shi, Yiyi Zhao, Meng Ma, Si Chen, Huiwen He, Yulu Zhu, Xu Wang
For preparing high performance LLDPE film, the photocatalytic activity and the UV absorption capacity of TiO2 were regulated by the alumina coating content on the surface of TiO2. Alumina‐coated TiO2 was prepared by the chemical liquid deposition method, and characterized by element analysis, TGA, FTIR, and morphology observation. The alumina coating layer had been proven to covalently bind to the surface of TiO2 through AlOTi bonds, which formed a continuous and dense coating layer, followed by forming a loose flocculent coating layer with the increase of alumina content. The alumina coating layer could significantly reduce the formation of carbonyl group on the LLDPE chains, and enhance UV aging resistance of LLDPE by inhibiting the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Moreover, the dispersion of alumina‐coated TiO2 in the LLDPE matrix was improved. Thus, the transmittance of LLDPE/alumina‐coated TiO2 composites was reduced and the whiteness was improved. Importantly, the continuous and dense alumina coating layer was enough to inhibit the photocatalysis effect of TiO2 on LLDPE. The further increase of alumina coating content reduced the UV absorption capacity of alumina‐coated TiO2 and its compatibility with the LLDPE matrix. Therefore, the best alumina coating content on the surface of TiO2 was 1.46 wt% for preparing high performance LLDPE/TiO2 composites.HighlightsAlumina‐coated TiO2 with controllable coating thickness was successfully synthesized.LLDPE/alumina‐coated TiO2 has excellent UV aging resistance and mechanical properties.The photocatalytic activity and UV absorption capacity of TiO2 could be regulated.1.46 wt% of alumina coating is the best content for high performance LLDPE/TiO2 composites.
{"title":"LLDPE/TiO2 composites with high UV aging resistance and mechanical properties by controlling the alumina coating on TiO2","authors":"Yanqin Shi, Yiyi Zhao, Meng Ma, Si Chen, Huiwen He, Yulu Zhu, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1002/pc.29045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29045","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>For preparing high performance LLDPE film, the photocatalytic activity and the UV absorption capacity of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> were regulated by the alumina coating content on the surface of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Alumina‐coated TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was prepared by the chemical liquid deposition method, and characterized by element analysis, TGA, FTIR, and morphology observation. The alumina coating layer had been proven to covalently bind to the surface of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> through AlOTi bonds, which formed a continuous and dense coating layer, followed by forming a loose flocculent coating layer with the increase of alumina content. The alumina coating layer could significantly reduce the formation of carbonyl group on the LLDPE chains, and enhance UV aging resistance of LLDPE by inhibiting the photocatalytic activity of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Moreover, the dispersion of alumina‐coated TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in the LLDPE matrix was improved. Thus, the transmittance of LLDPE/alumina‐coated TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> composites was reduced and the whiteness was improved. Importantly, the continuous and dense alumina coating layer was enough to inhibit the photocatalysis effect of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> on LLDPE. The further increase of alumina coating content reduced the UV absorption capacity of alumina‐coated TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and its compatibility with the LLDPE matrix. Therefore, the best alumina coating content on the surface of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was 1.46 wt% for preparing high performance LLDPE/TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> composites.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Alumina‐coated TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> with controllable coating thickness was successfully synthesized.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>LLDPE/alumina‐coated TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> has excellent UV aging resistance and mechanical properties.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The photocatalytic activity and UV absorption capacity of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> could be regulated.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>1.46 wt% of alumina coating is the best content for high performance LLDPE/TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> composites.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<jats:label/>Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) protect re‐entry space vehicles from the harsh heating they encounter when hypersonically flying through a planet or the earth's atmosphere. Carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin composites were widely used for the thermal barrier structure of aerospace re‐entry vehicles. A Novel Aluminium Titanate (Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>TiO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>/AT) micro powder‐modified Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based Carbon Fiber Fabric‐Resorcinol Phenol Formaldehyde Resin (C‐PR) (AT‐C‐PR) composites are well prepared to meet the requirements of TPS. The AT may act as an insulating layer and anti‐ablative material due to its excellent thermal shock resistance in TPS. To understand the effectiveness of AT content on density, barcol hardness, interfacial interactions, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability, the C‐PR composites were produced with and without loading of AT with various weight percentages, namely 0 wt% (C‐PR), 1,3, and 5 wt% (AT‐C‐PR) by hot compression molding method. The microstructural and elemental change of the composites were analyzed by microscopic and spectroscopic studies. Results suggested that the Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) of the composites was increased by about 14% at 1 wt% of AT loading. Mass, Linear Ablation Rates (MAR, LAR), and back‐face temperature of C‐PR and AT‐C‐PR composites were decreased to 0.15128 g/s, 0.01233 mm/s, and 405°C, respectively by loading of AT up to 1 wt%. The thermally ablated composites were also evaluated for their crystallographic phase changes. The work provided an effective way to improve the thermo‐mechanical and ablation performance characteristics of the AT‐C‐PR composites that can be potentially used in TPS of re‐entry vehicles.Highlights<jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item>This investigation utilized innovative Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>TiO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>/Aluminium Titanate (AT) ceramic powder as a filler in reinforcing Phenolic Resin (PR) with PAN‐based Carbon Fiber (C). It examined the impact of various loadings of AT in C‐PR composites (AT‐C‐PR) on their physical, mechanical, thermal, and anti‐ablation properties.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The AT‐C‐PR composites exhibit reduced density, lower thermal conductivity, and enhanced ILSS (31 MPa) compared to the C‐PR composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Optimal ablation resistance and thermal stability were achieved with a loading of 1 wt% AT (Mass Ablation Rate: 0.15128 g/s and Linear Ablation Rate: 0.01233 mm/s) compared to the C‐PR composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Microstructural and elemental analysis of the composites were conducted using microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, revealing the presence of oxides and carbides on the ablated surface.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The phase transition and alterations in microstructure, coupled with the oxidation of AT, have enhanced the ablation resistance and reduced the back face temperatur
热防护系统（TPS）可保护重返大气层的太空飞行器在高超音速飞行穿越行星或地球大气层时免受严酷高温的影响。碳纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料被广泛用于航空航天重返大气层飞行器的热障结构。一种新型钛酸铝（Al2TiO5/AT）微粉改性聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维织物-间苯二酚酚醛树脂（C-PR）（AT-C-PR）复合材料的制备很好地满足了 TPS 的要求。由于 AT 在 TPS 中具有出色的抗热震性，因此可用作绝缘层和抗烧蚀材料。为了了解 AT 含量对密度、巴氏硬度、界面相互作用、热导率和热稳定性的影响，我们采用热压成型法制备了添加和不添加不同重量百分比 AT 的 C-PR 复合材料，即 0 wt%（C-PR）、1、3 和 5 wt%（AT-C-PR）。通过显微镜和光谱研究分析了复合材料的微观结构和元素变化。结果表明，AT 含量为 1 wt%时，复合材料的层间剪切强度（ILSS）提高了约 14%。当 AT 含量达到 1 wt% 时，C-PR 和 AT-C-PR 复合材料的质量、线性烧蚀率（MAR、LAR）和背面温度分别降至 0.15128 g/s、0.01233 mm/s 和 405°C。此外，还对热烧蚀复合材料的晶相变化进行了评估。这项研究利用创新的 Al2TiO5/Aluminium Titanate（AT）陶瓷粉末作为填料，用 PAN 基碳纤维（C）增强酚醛树脂（PR）。研究考察了 AT 在 C-PR 复合材料（AT-C-PR）中的不同添加量对其物理、机械、热和抗烧蚀性能的影响。与 C-PR 复合材料相比，AT-C-PR 复合材料的密度更小、热导率更低、ILSS（31 兆帕）更高。与 C-PR 复合材料相比，当 AT 含量为 1 wt%（质量烧蚀率：0.15128 g/s，线性烧蚀率：0.01233 mm/s）时，可获得最佳的抗烧蚀性和热稳定性。使用显微镜和能量色散光谱对复合材料进行了微观结构和元素分析，发现烧蚀表面存在氧化物和碳化物。与 C-PR 复合材料（704°C）相比，AT-C-PR 复合材料不同重量百分比的相变和微观结构的改变（如 1 wt% AT（413°C））增强了耐烧蚀性，降低了背面温度。
{"title":"Effect of novel aluminium titanate on mechanical, thermal and ablation performance behavior of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composites","authors":"Praveen Kumar Basingala, Venkata Swamy Naidu Neigapula","doi":"10.1002/pc.29046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29046","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) protect re‐entry space vehicles from the harsh heating they encounter when hypersonically flying through a planet or the earth's atmosphere. Carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin composites were widely used for the thermal barrier structure of aerospace re‐entry vehicles. A Novel Aluminium Titanate (Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>TiO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>/AT) micro powder‐modified Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based Carbon Fiber Fabric‐Resorcinol Phenol Formaldehyde Resin (C‐PR) (AT‐C‐PR) composites are well prepared to meet the requirements of TPS. The AT may act as an insulating layer and anti‐ablative material due to its excellent thermal shock resistance in TPS. To understand the effectiveness of AT content on density, barcol hardness, interfacial interactions, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability, the C‐PR composites were produced with and without loading of AT with various weight percentages, namely 0 wt% (C‐PR), 1,3, and 5 wt% (AT‐C‐PR) by hot compression molding method. The microstructural and elemental change of the composites were analyzed by microscopic and spectroscopic studies. Results suggested that the Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) of the composites was increased by about 14% at 1 wt% of AT loading. Mass, Linear Ablation Rates (MAR, LAR), and back‐face temperature of C‐PR and AT‐C‐PR composites were decreased to 0.15128 g/s, 0.01233 mm/s, and 405°C, respectively by loading of AT up to 1 wt%. The thermally ablated composites were also evaluated for their crystallographic phase changes. The work provided an effective way to improve the thermo‐mechanical and ablation performance characteristics of the AT‐C‐PR composites that can be potentially used in TPS of re‐entry vehicles.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>This investigation utilized innovative Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>TiO<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>/Aluminium Titanate (AT) ceramic powder as a filler in reinforcing Phenolic Resin (PR) with PAN‐based Carbon Fiber (C). It examined the impact of various loadings of AT in C‐PR composites (AT‐C‐PR) on their physical, mechanical, thermal, and anti‐ablation properties.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The AT‐C‐PR composites exhibit reduced density, lower thermal conductivity, and enhanced ILSS (31 MPa) compared to the C‐PR composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Optimal ablation resistance and thermal stability were achieved with a loading of 1 wt% AT (Mass Ablation Rate: 0.15128 g/s and Linear Ablation Rate: 0.01233 mm/s) compared to the C‐PR composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Microstructural and elemental analysis of the composites were conducted using microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, revealing the presence of oxides and carbides on the ablated surface.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The phase transition and alterations in microstructure, coupled with the oxidation of AT, have enhanced the ablation resistance and reduced the back face temperatur","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of industrial unsaturated polyester resin PN‐1 is investigated experimentally. The iron ore concentrate, electrostatic precipitator dust, high alumina cement grade HAC‐1, shavings made of cast iron, fine grade sand are used as fillers. To improve the strength characteristics of polyester resin composites the small amount (0.2–1.0 wt%) of organosilicon additives such as synthetic silicone rubber, tris(trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane are used. The heat release kinetics is studied for different ratios between accelerator (cobalt naphthenate) and initiator (cyclohexanone peroxide). The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when a large amount of iron ore concentrate is used as filler. The temperature of maximum heat release decreases and the time to reach it increases when adding electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount of 5 wt% to the high filled by iron ore concentrate (295 wt%) composite system. The optimum in strength indicators associated with the ratio of different fractions in systems consisting of two fillers of different properties and granulometric composition is found. The highest values of compressive strength in the cement–iron ore concentrate and sand–iron ore concentrate systems are observed. An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15%–20% with organosilicon additive introduction is observed. The addition of the silicone rubber increases the strength properties of samples the most among all additives considered.HighlightsEffect of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of polyester resin is found.The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when the resin is filled by a large amount of iron ore concentrate.The temperature of maximum heat release decreases when the electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount is added to the high filled by iron ore concentrate.An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15–20% with introduction of organosilicon additives is observed.
{"title":"Effect of iron‐containing fillers on heat release kinetics and strength properties of polyester resin","authors":"Sergey Savotchenko, Ekaterina Kovaleva","doi":"10.1002/pc.29022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29022","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The influence of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of industrial unsaturated polyester resin PN‐1 is investigated experimentally. The iron ore concentrate, electrostatic precipitator dust, high alumina cement grade HAC‐1, shavings made of cast iron, fine grade sand are used as fillers. To improve the strength characteristics of polyester resin composites the small amount (0.2–1.0 wt%) of organosilicon additives such as synthetic silicone rubber, tris(trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane are used. The heat release kinetics is studied for different ratios between accelerator (cobalt naphthenate) and initiator (cyclohexanone peroxide). The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when a large amount of iron ore concentrate is used as filler. The temperature of maximum heat release decreases and the time to reach it increases when adding electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount of 5 wt% to the high filled by iron ore concentrate (295 wt%) composite system. The optimum in strength indicators associated with the ratio of different fractions in systems consisting of two fillers of different properties and granulometric composition is found. The highest values of compressive strength in the cement–iron ore concentrate and sand–iron ore concentrate systems are observed. An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15%–20% with organosilicon additive introduction is observed. The addition of the silicone rubber increases the strength properties of samples the most among all additives considered.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Effect of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of polyester resin is found.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when the resin is filled by a large amount of iron ore concentrate.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The temperature of maximum heat release decreases when the electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount is added to the high filled by iron ore concentrate.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15–20% with introduction of organosilicon additives is observed.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Processing parameters during the laser‐radiated in‐situ manufacturing process change the thermal history of the thermoplastic composite, which affects porosity and fiber‐resin interfacial bonding quality, and hence the wedge peel strength of the laminate. The effect of different laser powers and consolidation forces on the wedge peel strength of the specimens was investigated. Due to the fiber‐rich area on the tape surface during the laser heating phase as well as the insufficient consolidation force and consolidation length during the consolidation phase, the wedge peel strength decreased due to increased porosity and weak fiber‐resin bonding at the interlayer bonding interface. A conformable consolidation roller of lower hardness was used to improve the wedge peel strength of the laminates, which reduced the initial temperature of the cooling phase, thus inhibiting the void rebound and increasing the bonding strength at the fiber‐resin interface. The cross‐section and peeling surface were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The wedge peel strength of the laminates, with reduced voids and increased interfacial bonding strength between the fibers and the resin, is improved.HighlightsMechanism of void formation and evolution in different phases of laser‐radiated in‐situ consolidated laminate.Effect of consolidation roller hardness and deformation on wedge peel strength.
{"title":"Influence of thermal history and consolidation force on wedge peel strength of CF/PEEK laminates manufactured by laser‐radiated in‐situ consolidation","authors":"Yonglong Ma, Zheng Zhang, Tian Gao, Baisong Pan, Min Sun, Guang Zhang, Hao Chai, Shaofei Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pc.29032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29032","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Processing parameters during the laser‐radiated in‐situ manufacturing process change the thermal history of the thermoplastic composite, which affects porosity and fiber‐resin interfacial bonding quality, and hence the wedge peel strength of the laminate. The effect of different laser powers and consolidation forces on the wedge peel strength of the specimens was investigated. Due to the fiber‐rich area on the tape surface during the laser heating phase as well as the insufficient consolidation force and consolidation length during the consolidation phase, the wedge peel strength decreased due to increased porosity and weak fiber‐resin bonding at the interlayer bonding interface. A conformable consolidation roller of lower hardness was used to improve the wedge peel strength of the laminates, which reduced the initial temperature of the cooling phase, thus inhibiting the void rebound and increasing the bonding strength at the fiber‐resin interface. The cross‐section and peeling surface were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The wedge peel strength of the laminates, with reduced voids and increased interfacial bonding strength between the fibers and the resin, is improved.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Mechanism of void formation and evolution in different phases of laser‐radiated in‐situ consolidated laminate.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Effect of consolidation roller hardness and deformation on wedge peel strength.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been growing interest in using sustainable and eco‐friendly products to produce engineering materials. For this purpose, composite material applications obtained from agricultural wastes are gaining popularity. This study examines the synergistic effect of rice husk and rice stalk wastes on the fade and recovery performance of brake friction composites. Brake friction materials were developed using rice husk and rice stalk separately and in two different weight percentages as a 5–10 ratio in the formulation. For comparison purposes, a reference brake pad using copper as a substitute and a commercially available brake pad were used. Various physical, mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed. The tribological behavior of friction composites was evaluated on the Krauss test device in line with the ECE R90 procedure. The worn surface properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Tribo test results of friction composites were taken as criteria for performance optimization. While the importance weight of the criteria was determined by AHP, the VIKOR method was used in the sorting of alternatives. The experimental results have revealed that rice husk‐added friction composites had a good coefficient of friction value with better fade and recovery performance compared to rice stalk‐added ones. Increasing the amount of rice husk and rice stalk in the formulation tended to decrease the fade performance; however, it has increased the wear rate and recovery properties. Optimization results have shown that the brake friction composite containing 5 wt % rice husk ranks first in meeting the desired tribological criteria.HighlightsCu‐free rice husk and rice stalk‐added friction composites were developed.Fibrous structure in the matrix developed the contact plateaus.Rice husk‐based tribo‐layer protected the composite from further wear damage.The addition of agro‐waste to friction composites exhibited good potential.
{"title":"Performance assessment of agricultural waste based eco‐friendly brake friction composites","authors":"Halil Kılıç","doi":"10.1002/pc.29007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29007","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>There has been growing interest in using sustainable and eco‐friendly products to produce engineering materials. For this purpose, composite material applications obtained from agricultural wastes are gaining popularity. This study examines the synergistic effect of rice husk and rice stalk wastes on the fade and recovery performance of brake friction composites. Brake friction materials were developed using rice husk and rice stalk separately and in two different weight percentages as a 5–10 ratio in the formulation. For comparison purposes, a reference brake pad using copper as a substitute and a commercially available brake pad were used. Various physical, mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed. The tribological behavior of friction composites was evaluated on the Krauss test device in line with the ECE R90 procedure. The worn surface properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Tribo test results of friction composites were taken as criteria for performance optimization. While the importance weight of the criteria was determined by AHP, the VIKOR method was used in the sorting of alternatives. The experimental results have revealed that rice husk‐added friction composites had a good coefficient of friction value with better fade and recovery performance compared to rice stalk‐added ones. Increasing the amount of rice husk and rice stalk in the formulation tended to decrease the fade performance; however, it has increased the wear rate and recovery properties. Optimization results have shown that the brake friction composite containing 5 wt % rice husk ranks first in meeting the desired tribological criteria.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Cu‐free rice husk and rice stalk‐added friction composites were developed.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Fibrous structure in the matrix developed the contact plateaus.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Rice husk‐based tribo‐layer protected the composite from further wear damage.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The addition of agro‐waste to friction composites exhibited good potential.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing miniaturization and integration of microelectronic devices have led to an unprecedented attention on heat dissipation and signal transmission of electronic equipment. However, the mostly used method to enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers by adding thermally conductive fillers usually results in the increase of dielectric constant (Dk). It was still challenging to synergistically achieve low Dk and high thermal conductivity of polymer‐matrix composites. Herein, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS‐OH) with a high yield of 35.67% was prepared by the liquid ultrasonic exfoliation under the assistance of sodium cholate (SC), and grafted with (1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl) trimethoxy silane to prepare fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets (F‐BNNS), which can uniformly disperse in liquid silicone rubber (LSR) and reduce the Dk of LSR composites. The thermal conductivity of LSR composites with 20 wt% F‐BNNS reached 0.489 W·m−1·K−1, showing an increase of 307.35% in comparison with pure LSR (0.12 W·m−1·K−1). Meantime, the Dk of as‐obtained LSR/F‐BNNS (20 wt%) composites is reduced from 3.4 to 2.6, and the dielectric loss (Df) is less than 0.012. The facile and rational design of fluorinated BNNS offers a new insight for the high‐end electronic packaging materials.HighlightsA new method of exfoliation and fluorinated treatment of h‐BN was proposed.The LSR composites achieved an ultralow Dk of 2.63 via fluorinated BNNS.Thermal conductivity of LSR composites increased by 307.35% than pure LSR.
{"title":"Fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets for high thermal conductivity and low dielectric constant silicone rubber composites","authors":"Zihao Pan, Qing Li, Dechao Hu, Wenshi Ma","doi":"10.1002/pc.29039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29039","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Increasing miniaturization and integration of microelectronic devices have led to an unprecedented attention on heat dissipation and signal transmission of electronic equipment. However, the mostly used method to enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers by adding thermally conductive fillers usually results in the increase of dielectric constant (D<jats:sub>k</jats:sub>). It was still challenging to synergistically achieve low D<jats:sub>k</jats:sub> and high thermal conductivity of polymer‐matrix composites. Herein, hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS‐OH) with a high yield of 35.67% was prepared by the liquid ultrasonic exfoliation under the assistance of sodium cholate (SC), and grafted with (1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl) trimethoxy silane to prepare fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets (F‐BNNS), which can uniformly disperse in liquid silicone rubber (LSR) and reduce the D<jats:sub>k</jats:sub> of LSR composites. The thermal conductivity of LSR composites with 20 wt% F‐BNNS reached 0.489 W·m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>·K<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, showing an increase of 307.35% in comparison with pure LSR (0.12 W·m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>·K<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Meantime, the D<jats:sub>k</jats:sub> of as‐obtained LSR/F‐BNNS (20 wt%) composites is reduced from 3.4 to 2.6, and the dielectric loss (D<jats:sub>f</jats:sub>) is less than 0.012. The facile and rational design of fluorinated BNNS offers a new insight for the high‐end electronic packaging materials.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>A new method of exfoliation and fluorinated treatment of h‐BN was proposed.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The LSR composites achieved an ultralow D<jats:sub>k</jats:sub> of 2.63 via fluorinated BNNS.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Thermal conductivity of LSR composites increased by 307.35% than pure LSR.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the reasons for the improved wear resistance of irradiation‐modified Polytetrafluoroethylene (RM‐PTFE) and its composites above the melting point were investigated from the microcrystalline point of view by using methods such as crystallization kinetics, and it was found that the linear wear rate of RM‐PTFE was only 0.3 um/km, with a 1000 times increase in wear resistance, which was due to the transformation of its crystals from flake crystals that were easily dislodged to spherical crystals that were more resistant to abrasion. It was also found that the linear wear rate of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with coke and graphite was 0.2 and 0.1 μm/km, respectively, and the abrasion resistance was further improved, which was attributed to the lowering of spherical crystal grain size by coke and graphite, which had better mechanical properties. These studies lay the foundation for future research on the frictional wear mechanism of RM‐PTFE above the melting point.HighlightsIrradiation‐modified PTFE above the melting pointWear resistance of PTFE increases 1000 timesChanges in crystal morphology dramatically increase wear resistanceUse of crystallization kinetics to study the crystalline form of PTFESmall grain size improves wear resistance
{"title":"Effect of crystallization behavior on wear properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites modified by irradiation above melting point","authors":"Xiaojie Wang, Geng Huang, Shuangquan Zhou, Junyi Wang, Daming Wu, Xiaolong Gao","doi":"10.1002/pc.29026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29026","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>In this paper, the reasons for the improved wear resistance of irradiation‐modified Polytetrafluoroethylene (RM‐PTFE) and its composites above the melting point were investigated from the microcrystalline point of view by using methods such as crystallization kinetics, and it was found that the linear wear rate of RM‐PTFE was only 0.3 um/km, with a 1000 times increase in wear resistance, which was due to the transformation of its crystals from flake crystals that were easily dislodged to spherical crystals that were more resistant to abrasion. It was also found that the linear wear rate of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with coke and graphite was 0.2 and 0.1 μm/km, respectively, and the abrasion resistance was further improved, which was attributed to the lowering of spherical crystal grain size by coke and graphite, which had better mechanical properties. These studies lay the foundation for future research on the frictional wear mechanism of RM‐PTFE above the melting point.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Irradiation‐modified PTFE above the melting point</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Wear resistance of PTFE increases 1000 times</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Changes in crystal morphology dramatically increase wear resistance</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Use of crystallization kinetics to study the crystalline form of PTFE</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Small grain size improves wear resistance</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongyu Li, Alexander Jackstadt, Junyuan Zhang, Wilfried V. Liebig, Luise Kärger
Fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) are generally regarded as excellent lightweight materials for advanced structure design. To enhance the mechanical properties, the common FMLs can be optimized using carbon fibers. However, the combination of carbon fibers with aluminum induces interfacial challenges. Preventing galvanic corrosion with elastomeric interlayers is an effective solution. The lay‐up configuration greatly effects the impact damage resistance of hybrid CFRP‐elastomer‐metal laminates (HyCEMLs). In this work, micro‐CT scans and optical micrographic inspections on HyCEMLs are conducted after impact tests to ascertain the microstructural origins behind the mechanical performance changes. In addition, finite element models of different HyCEML configurations are built to complement the limited experimental data. The damage mechanisms of HyCEML with different configurations under various impact conditions are further compared. The numerical results suggest that impact energy is a more informative measure in terms of damage mode and size than impact velocity and momentum. Results also indicate that when the thickness for each sub‐laminate of HyCEML is maintained the same, hybrid laminates with aluminum stacked outside is beneficial for delaying the occurrence of matrix cracking and delaminations, and enhances HyCEML's resistance to global deformation. These findings will contribute to engineering hybrid laminates with desired impact performance for lightweight load‐bearing structures.HighlightsThe hybrid laminate with elastomeric interlayers is a forward‐looking solution in impact applications.Impact energy is a more informative measure in terms of assessing the damage mode and extent in HyCEMLs.The influence of stacking sequence on damage mechanisms of HyCEMLs is evaluated.Microstructural origins behind variations of hybrid laminates in the impact resistance are revealed.
{"title":"Low velocity impact resistance of hybrid CFRP‐elastomer‐metal laminates: Influence of stacking sequence and impact conditions on damage mechanisms","authors":"Zhongyu Li, Alexander Jackstadt, Junyuan Zhang, Wilfried V. Liebig, Luise Kärger","doi":"10.1002/pc.29028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29028","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) are generally regarded as excellent lightweight materials for advanced structure design. To enhance the mechanical properties, the common FMLs can be optimized using carbon fibers. However, the combination of carbon fibers with aluminum induces interfacial challenges. Preventing galvanic corrosion with elastomeric interlayers is an effective solution. The lay‐up configuration greatly effects the impact damage resistance of hybrid CFRP‐elastomer‐metal laminates (HyCEMLs). In this work, micro‐CT scans and optical micrographic inspections on HyCEMLs are conducted after impact tests to ascertain the microstructural origins behind the mechanical performance changes. In addition, finite element models of different HyCEML configurations are built to complement the limited experimental data. The damage mechanisms of HyCEML with different configurations under various impact conditions are further compared. The numerical results suggest that impact energy is a more informative measure in terms of damage mode and size than impact velocity and momentum. Results also indicate that when the thickness for each sub‐laminate of HyCEML is maintained the same, hybrid laminates with aluminum stacked outside is beneficial for delaying the occurrence of matrix cracking and delaminations, and enhances HyCEML's resistance to global deformation. These findings will contribute to engineering hybrid laminates with desired impact performance for lightweight load‐bearing structures.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The hybrid laminate with elastomeric interlayers is a forward‐looking solution in impact applications.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Impact energy is a more informative measure in terms of assessing the damage mode and extent in HyCEMLs.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The influence of stacking sequence on damage mechanisms of HyCEMLs is evaluated.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Microstructural origins behind variations of hybrid laminates in the impact resistance are revealed.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incorporating inorganic particles is a common approach to preparing polymeric materials with desirable physical properties and processability. However, this often results in increased brittleness, necessitating methods to improve melt strength and toughness. In this study, in situ polymerization was employed to functionalize silica nanoparticles with the silane coupling agent (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as a core. A flexible chain segment, poly(butylene itaconate) (PBI), was then introduced as a “rubbery” intermediate layer, resulting in a core‐shell structure of poly(L‐lactic‐co‐butanediol itaconate) nano‐silica copolymer films (PLBISiO2) with both branched and “rubbery” structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed the formation of macromolecular chains, with the molecular weight (Mn) of PLBI increasing from 59,638 to 74,306 g/mol. This significant increase supports the “rubbery” core‐shell structure. When 0.5% SiO2 was added, the T5% of the film increased by 40°C, significantly improving thermal stability. Additionally, the elongation at break increased to 265.7%, while retaining the original tensile strength. Dynamic rheology experiments further confirmed the generation of branched or “rubbery” core‐shell structures, and a doubling of gas barrier properties was observed with increased silica nanoparticles, suggesting potential applications in food packaging or biopharmaceuticals.HighlightsNanocomposites with core‐shell structure and improved mechanical properties.Dynamic rheology experiments confirmed the formation of the core‐shell structure.Significantly improved gas barrier properties due to core‐shell structure.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of crystalline poly(L‐lactic acid)/silica nanocomposite films with high ductility and gas barrier properties","authors":"Wei Jiang, Xueyan Yun, Jiushi Guo, Jian Hu, Lijun Song, Pengju Pan, Tungalag Dong","doi":"10.1002/pc.28971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28971","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Incorporating inorganic particles is a common approach to preparing polymeric materials with desirable physical properties and processability. However, this often results in increased brittleness, necessitating methods to improve melt strength and toughness. In this study, in situ polymerization was employed to functionalize silica nanoparticles with the silane coupling agent (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as a core. A flexible chain segment, poly(butylene itaconate) (PBI), was then introduced as a “rubbery” intermediate layer, resulting in a core‐shell structure of poly(L‐lactic‐co‐butanediol itaconate) nano‐silica copolymer films (PLBISiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with both branched and “rubbery” structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed the formation of macromolecular chains, with the molecular weight (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>n</jats:sub>) of PLBI increasing from 59,638 to 74,306 g/mol. This significant increase supports the “rubbery” core‐shell structure. When 0.5% SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was added, the <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>5%</jats:sub> of the film increased by 40°C, significantly improving thermal stability. Additionally, the elongation at break increased to 265.7%, while retaining the original tensile strength. Dynamic rheology experiments further confirmed the generation of branched or “rubbery” core‐shell structures, and a doubling of gas barrier properties was observed with increased silica nanoparticles, suggesting potential applications in food packaging or biopharmaceuticals.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Nanocomposites with core‐shell structure and improved mechanical properties.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Dynamic rheology experiments confirmed the formation of the core‐shell structure.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Significantly improved gas barrier properties due to core‐shell structure.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：