Understory imitation wild cultivation is widely used in production practice to improve the yield of Chinese medicinal plants. However, the impacts and mechanisms of cultivating medicinal plants under different forest types on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, enzyme activities, and the diversity of cbhI-functional microorganisms remain unclear. This study examined variations in soil SOC fractions, enzyme activities, and cbhI-functional microbial communities, along with the interrelationships among these factors, in Paris polyphylla cultivation under the Moso bamboo forest, Chinese fir forest, and bamboo–Chinese fir mixed forest. The results indicated that the Chinese fir forest soil exhibited significantly higher contents of SOC (33.7 g kg−1), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (361.2 mg kg−1), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) (176.6 mg kg−1), which were 27.2%, 73.7%, and 79.1% greater than those in the Moso bamboo forest (SOC: 26.5 g kg−1, MBC: 207.9 mg kg−1, WSOC: 98.6 mg kg−1), respectively. Furthermore, the mixed forest soil also showed significantly higher MBC (446.9 mg kg−1) and WSOC (118.5 mg kg−1) than the Moso bamboo soil, which were 115.0% and 20.2% higher, respectively. In addition, the activities of cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and invertase in the soil of the Chinese fir forest were significantly higher than those of the bamboo forest, and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and invertase in the soil of the mixed forest were also significantly higher than that of the Moso bamboo. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between SOC, WSOC, and the activities of cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and invertase, while MBC was significantly positively correlated with invertase activity. Mantel tests and Canonical correspondence analysis further highlighted soil pH, MBC, WSOC, and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and invertase as key environmental drivers of the cbhI microbial community structure. Interestingly, Moso bamboo forest soil supported a higher abundance of pathogenic fungi (e.g., Gaeumannomyces and Colletotrichum), while Chinese fir forest soil was enriched with cellulose-degrading bacteria (e.g., Irpex and Pyrenophora), and mixed forest soil exhibited a relatively higher abundance of broad-spectrum degraders (e.g., Clitopilus and Apiotrichum). We conclude that Chinese fir and mixed forests have higher SOC storage, which can create a more favorable soil microenvironment for the cultivation of P. polyphylla. Due to the low SOC storage, the Moso bamboo forest is unfavorable for the growth and development of P. polyphylla.
模拟野生林下栽培在生产实践中被广泛应用于提高中药材产量。然而，不同森林类型下种植药用植物对土壤有机碳库、酶活性和cbi功能微生物多样性的影响及其机制尚不清楚。本研究以巴黎多叶为研究对象，研究了毛竹林、杉木林和竹杉混交林下土壤有机碳组分、酶活性和cbi功能微生物群落的变化，以及这些因素之间的相互关系。结果表明：杉木林土壤有机碳（33.7 g kg−1）、微生物生物量碳（361.2 mg kg−1）和水溶性有机碳（176.6 mg kg−1）含量显著高于毛梭竹林（SOC: 26.5 g kg−1、MBC: 207.9 mg kg−1、WSOC: 98.6 mg kg−1），分别高出27.2%、73.7%和79.1%。此外，混交林土壤的MBC （446.9 mg kg - 1）和WSOC （118.5 mg kg - 1）也显著高于毛竹土壤，分别高出115.0%和20.2%。此外，杉林土壤中纤维素生物水解酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和转化酶的活性显著高于竹林，混交林土壤中纤维素生物水解酶和转化酶的活性也显著高于毛竹林。相关分析显示，SOC、WSOC与纤维素生物水解酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和转化酶活性呈极显著正相关，MBC与转化酶活性呈极显著正相关。Mantel试验和典型对应分析进一步表明，土壤pH、MBC、WSOC以及纤维素生物水解酶和转化酶的活性是影响微生物群落结构的关键环境因素。有趣的是，毛竹林土壤中有较高丰度的病原菌（如Gaeumannomyces和Colletotrichum），杉木林土壤中有丰富的纤维素降解菌（如Irpex和Pyrenophora），混交林土壤中有较高丰度的广谱降解菌（如Clitopilus和Apiotrichum）。结果表明，杉木和混交林具有较高的有机碳储量，可为多叶松的种植创造更有利的土壤微环境。由于土壤有机碳储量低，毛竹林不利于毛竹林的生长发育。
{"title":"Positive Microbial-Enzyme Feedbacks on Soil Organic Carbon Enhance Understory Cultivation of Paris polyphylla Across Forest Types","authors":"Hongbin Zhang, Shouzan Liu, Shaobo Zhang, Yan Bai","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70367","url":null,"abstract":"Understory imitation wild cultivation is widely used in production practice to improve the yield of Chinese medicinal plants. However, the impacts and mechanisms of cultivating medicinal plants under different forest types on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, enzyme activities, and the diversity of <i>cbh</i>I-functional microorganisms remain unclear. This study examined variations in soil SOC fractions, enzyme activities, and <i>cbh</i>I-functional microbial communities, along with the interrelationships among these factors, in <i>Paris polyphylla</i> cultivation under the Moso bamboo forest, Chinese fir forest, and bamboo–Chinese fir mixed forest. The results indicated that the Chinese fir forest soil exhibited significantly higher contents of SOC (33.7 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (361.2 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) (176.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), which were 27.2%, 73.7%, and 79.1% greater than those in the Moso bamboo forest (SOC: 26.5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, MBC: 207.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, WSOC: 98.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), respectively. Furthermore, the mixed forest soil also showed significantly higher MBC (446.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and WSOC (118.5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) than the Moso bamboo soil, which were 115.0% and 20.2% higher, respectively. In addition, the activities of cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and invertase in the soil of the Chinese fir forest were significantly higher than those of the bamboo forest, and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and invertase in the soil of the mixed forest were also significantly higher than that of the Moso bamboo. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between SOC, WSOC, and the activities of cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and invertase, while MBC was significantly positively correlated with invertase activity. Mantel tests and Canonical correspondence analysis further highlighted soil pH, MBC, WSOC, and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and invertase as key environmental drivers of the <i>cbh</i>I microbial community structure. Interestingly, Moso bamboo forest soil supported a higher abundance of pathogenic fungi (e.g., <i>Gaeumannomyces</i> and <i>Colletotrichum</i>), while Chinese fir forest soil was enriched with cellulose-degrading bacteria (e.g., <i>Irpex</i> and <i>Pyrenophora</i>), and mixed forest soil exhibited a relatively higher abundance of broad-spectrum degraders (e.g., <i>Clitopilus</i> and <i>Apiotrichum</i>). We conclude that Chinese fir and mixed forests have higher SOC storage, which can create a more favorable soil microenvironment for the cultivation of <i>P. polyphylla</i>. Due to the low SOC storage, the Moso bamboo forest is unfavorable for the growth and development of <i>P. polyphylla</i>.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil tillage management is one of the effective measures to restore degraded terrestrial ecosystems; however, the responses of soil and plants to different tillage management in severely degraded alpine meadows have not been well addressed. In this study, three typical native grass species were planted in a degraded alpine meadow using two tillage management measures: the no‐tillage reseeding (RG) and the cultivated grassland (CG). Soil and plant physicochemical properties, along with soil bacterial community structure, were analyzed. Results showed that the coexistence of Cyperaceae and Gramineae in no‐tillage reseeding increased community diversity and shifted dominance from poisonous weeds to desirable functional groups, compared with cultivated grassland and severely degraded alpine meadows. No‐tillage reseeding enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMC), microbial nitrogen (SMN), and microbial phosphorus (SMP) more effectively than cultivated grassland. These improved soil physicochemical properties (particularly soil water content and bulk density) served as key drivers shaping the bacterial communities. Specifically, no‐tillage reseeding enriched carbon cycle‐related functional groups, reduced nitrogen cycle‐related groups, and promoted a more stable plant‐bacterial bipartite network characterized by higher numbers of nodes and links, as well as more positive interactions. Notably, the regulatory effects of no‐tillage reseeding on bacterial communities and functions were directly mediated by soil properties, and were independent of plant community changes. Our findings reveal that no‐tillage reseeding restores degraded alpine meadows via a soil‐centered mechanism: by minimizing disturbance to improve soil structure and nutrient availability, which in turn optimizes plant community structure and bacterial community stability. This process‐based understanding provides a scientific basis for developing effective management strategies for degraded alpine ecosystems.
{"title":"No‐Tillage Reseeding Enhances the Restoration of Degraded Alpine Meadows by Regulating Plant Soil and Bacterial Communities","authors":"Wen Zhao, Yali Yin, Yanlong Wang, Wenxian Zheng, Hansen Gao, Yilong Zhao, Shixiong Li","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70368","url":null,"abstract":"Soil tillage management is one of the effective measures to restore degraded terrestrial ecosystems; however, the responses of soil and plants to different tillage management in severely degraded alpine meadows have not been well addressed. In this study, three typical native grass species were planted in a degraded alpine meadow using two tillage management measures: the no‐tillage reseeding (RG) and the cultivated grassland (CG). Soil and plant physicochemical properties, along with soil bacterial community structure, were analyzed. Results showed that the coexistence of Cyperaceae and Gramineae in no‐tillage reseeding increased community diversity and shifted dominance from poisonous weeds to desirable functional groups, compared with cultivated grassland and severely degraded alpine meadows. No‐tillage reseeding enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMC), microbial nitrogen (SMN), and microbial phosphorus (SMP) more effectively than cultivated grassland. These improved soil physicochemical properties (particularly soil water content and bulk density) served as key drivers shaping the bacterial communities. Specifically, no‐tillage reseeding enriched carbon cycle‐related functional groups, reduced nitrogen cycle‐related groups, and promoted a more stable plant‐bacterial bipartite network characterized by higher numbers of nodes and links, as well as more positive interactions. Notably, the regulatory effects of no‐tillage reseeding on bacterial communities and functions were directly mediated by soil properties, and were independent of plant community changes. Our findings reveal that no‐tillage reseeding restores degraded alpine meadows via a soil‐centered mechanism: by minimizing disturbance to improve soil structure and nutrient availability, which in turn optimizes plant community structure and bacterial community stability. This process‐based understanding provides a scientific basis for developing effective management strategies for degraded alpine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Latif Virk, Naeem Ahmad, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Zheng-Rong Kan, Jianying Qi, Awais Shakoor
Intercropping (IC) increases crop productivity by improving soil ecosystem functions and agroecosystem resilience to climatic vulnerabilities, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture. However, quantitative metrics for assessing IC's role in promoting soil ecosystem functions and agroecosystem stability are not yet widely adopted due to perceived challenges. To address this, we conducted a systematic assessment of 21 meta-analyses to evaluate the overall effects of IC on crop productivity, soil nutrients, microbial abundance, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop protection measures. Our results have shown that IC significantly improved land use efficiency and yield production compared to monocropping. However, IC did not have a positive impact on soil nutrients except for SOC compared to monocropping. Notably, fungal and bacterial abundance were significantly increased under IC, suggesting a belowground microbial facilitation process. Moreover, our results indicate that pest and disease incidence were reduced under IC compared to monocropping. Specifically, legume-based IC greatly decreased disease incidence and increased predator abundance. These results highlight the significant potential of IC to enhance soil ecosystem functions and sustainability, particularly regarding crop yield, microbial abundance, and the biological control of pests and disease incidence. However, the limited effects of IC on soil nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and N2O mitigation highlight the need for further investigations under different soil types and climatic conditions.
{"title":"Interspecific Trade-Offs Between Intercrops Promote Soil Resilience, Agricultural Productivity, and Crop Protection: A Meta-Synthesis","authors":"Ahmad Latif Virk, Naeem Ahmad, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Zheng-Rong Kan, Jianying Qi, Awais Shakoor","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70348","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping (IC) increases crop productivity by improving soil ecosystem functions and agroecosystem resilience to climatic vulnerabilities, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture. However, quantitative metrics for assessing IC's role in promoting soil ecosystem functions and agroecosystem stability are not yet widely adopted due to perceived challenges. To address this, we conducted a systematic assessment of 21 meta-analyses to evaluate the overall effects of IC on crop productivity, soil nutrients, microbial abundance, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop protection measures. Our results have shown that IC significantly improved land use efficiency and yield production compared to monocropping. However, IC did not have a positive impact on soil nutrients except for SOC compared to monocropping. Notably, fungal and bacterial abundance were significantly increased under IC, suggesting a belowground microbial facilitation process. Moreover, our results indicate that pest and disease incidence were reduced under IC compared to monocropping. Specifically, legume-based IC greatly decreased disease incidence and increased predator abundance. These results highlight the significant potential of IC to enhance soil ecosystem functions and sustainability, particularly regarding crop yield, microbial abundance, and the biological control of pests and disease incidence. However, the limited effects of IC on soil nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation highlight the need for further investigations under different soil types and climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land use and cover change (LUCC) is the predominant factor contributing to changes in ecosystem carbon storage (ECS). Studying the relationship between LUCC and ECS is crucial for optimizing regional land use patterns and making informed ecological decisions. However, despite the growing body of research on LUCC and its impact on ECS, there is still a significant gap in understanding the continuous, large‐scale dynamics of ECS over extended periods and the detailed interactions between human activities and climate change in influencing ECS. This study aims to address these gaps by focusing on the comprehensive analysis of ECS dynamics in western China from 1990 to 2020 and predicting LUCC under various future scenarios. This study explored the changes in ECS and its response to LUCC in western China from 1990 to 2020 and predicted LUCC under various projected scenarios: Natural development scenario (NDS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological priority scenario (EPS) in 2030 using the future land use simulation (FLUS) model. LUCC has a profound landscape reshaping, marked by a retreat of cultivated land and grassland, and the inexorable expansion of built‐up areas. The spatial distribution of ECS exhibited clear clustering, with overall characteristics of “high in the west and south, and low in the east and north,” closely linked to LUCC patterns and topography. In contrast, low ECS areas are often at higher elevations. ECS in Shanxi Province declined from 226.57 Gt in 1990 to 225.59 Gt in 2020, reflecting a loss of 0.98 Gt, largely driven by rapid urban expansion that converted cropland, forest, and grassland. FLUS‐based simulations in 2030 are 224.88 Gt under NDS, 225.41 Gt under CPS, and 227.12 Gt under EPS, indicating that an ecological priority land use pathway best supports carbon storage recovery. Additionally, the analysis of net primary productivity (NPP) reveals significant influences from both human activities and climate change, with the adverse effects of human activities on NPP being more widespread and pronounced than those of climate factors. These findings offer valuable insights for future urban planning and ecological security strategies in the main urban energy areas.
{"title":"Exploring the Spatiotemporal Pattern Evolution of Carbon Storage in Northwestern China","authors":"Xiaojin Qian, Jiarong Yan, Shubo Zhang, Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70301","url":null,"abstract":"Land use and cover change (LUCC) is the predominant factor contributing to changes in ecosystem carbon storage (ECS). Studying the relationship between LUCC and ECS is crucial for optimizing regional land use patterns and making informed ecological decisions. However, despite the growing body of research on LUCC and its impact on ECS, there is still a significant gap in understanding the continuous, large‐scale dynamics of ECS over extended periods and the detailed interactions between human activities and climate change in influencing ECS. This study aims to address these gaps by focusing on the comprehensive analysis of ECS dynamics in western China from 1990 to 2020 and predicting LUCC under various future scenarios. This study explored the changes in ECS and its response to LUCC in western China from 1990 to 2020 and predicted LUCC under various projected scenarios: Natural development scenario (NDS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological priority scenario (EPS) in 2030 using the future land use simulation (FLUS) model. LUCC has a profound landscape reshaping, marked by a retreat of cultivated land and grassland, and the inexorable expansion of built‐up areas. The spatial distribution of ECS exhibited clear clustering, with overall characteristics of “high in the west and south, and low in the east and north,” closely linked to LUCC patterns and topography. In contrast, low ECS areas are often at higher elevations. ECS in Shanxi Province declined from 226.57 Gt in 1990 to 225.59 Gt in 2020, reflecting a loss of 0.98 Gt, largely driven by rapid urban expansion that converted cropland, forest, and grassland. FLUS‐based simulations in 2030 are 224.88 Gt under NDS, 225.41 Gt under CPS, and 227.12 Gt under EPS, indicating that an ecological priority land use pathway best supports carbon storage recovery. Additionally, the analysis of net primary productivity (NPP) reveals significant influences from both human activities and climate change, with the adverse effects of human activities on NPP being more widespread and pronounced than those of climate factors. These findings offer valuable insights for future urban planning and ecological security strategies in the main urban energy areas.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land degradation is currently one of the major threats to global food security and ecosystem stability, often leading to diminished soil organic carbon (SOC) and reduced agricultural productivity. Restoring soil health through sustainable practices is, therefore, paramount, with a critical knowledge gap regarding the synergistic mechanisms between the high‐biomass grass Pennisetum hydridum and the nitrogen‐fixing legume Sesbania cannabina , and how nitrogen management optimizes their combined potential to enhance soil carbon sequestration. Soil carbon sequestration is critical for mitigating climate change and improving soil health in agricultural systems. While well‐studied in forests and grasslands, the interactive effects of planting patterns and nitrogen (N) fertilization on carbon dynamics in cultivated farmland require further exploration. This study investigates the influence of N application levels (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha −1 ) and cropping systems on SOC sequestration and its mechanisms. Through integrated pot and field experiments, changes in SOC components, including particulate organic carbon (POC), readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were assessed. Our findings revealed that cultivated soils significantly enhanced all measured carbon fractions compared to abandoned land, with an increase of 16.01% in soil organic matter, 12.94% in total nitrogen, 46.07% in POC, 31.78% in ROC, and 248.59% in MBC. Higher carbon storage capacity was noted under monocropped Pennisetum hydridum , whereas the leguminous Sesbania cannabina (MSc) contributed significantly to nitrogen fixation and labile carbon pools. The intercropping system (IPc‐Sc) synergized these benefits, boosting carbon sequestration by enhancing organic matter input and stabilizing soil structure more effectively than monocropping. Furthermore, N fertilization significantly altered soil enzyme activities, indicating a shift in microbial‐mediated carbon cycling. However, excessive N application (200 kg N ha −1 ) risked accelerating SOC decomposition. This study demonstrates that intercropping P. hydridum with S. cannabina under optimized N fertilization (100 kg N ha −1 ) effectively enhances soil carbon storage, boosts agroecosystem productivity, and promotes sustainable land management.
土地退化是当前全球粮食安全和生态系统稳定的主要威胁之一，往往导致土壤有机碳（SOC）减少和农业生产力下降。因此，通过可持续实践恢复土壤健康是至关重要的，对于高生物量草狼尾草（Pennisetum hydrim）和固氮豆科植物大蕉（Sesbania cannabina）之间的协同机制，以及氮管理如何优化它们的组合潜力以增强土壤碳固存，存在关键的知识空白。土壤固碳对减缓气候变化和改善农业系统土壤健康至关重要。虽然在森林和草原上已经有了很好的研究，但种植模式和氮肥施肥对耕地碳动态的相互作用还需要进一步探索。研究了不同施氮水平（0、100和200 kg N ha - 1）和不同种植制度对土壤有机碳固存的影响及其机制。通过盆栽和田间综合试验，评价了土壤有机碳组分的变化，包括颗粒有机碳（POC）、易氧化有机碳（ROC）和微生物生物量碳（MBC）。结果表明，与撂荒地相比，耕地显著提高了土壤各组分的碳含量，有机质增加16.01%，全氮增加12.94%，POC增加46.07%，ROC增加31.78%，MBC增加248.59%。单作狼尾草（Pennisetum hydrim）具有较高的碳储存能力，而豆科植物Sesbania cannabina （MSc）对固氮和稳定碳库的贡献显著。间作系统（IPc - Sc）比单作更有效地通过增加有机质输入和稳定土壤结构来促进碳固存。此外，施氮显著改变了土壤酶活性，表明微生物介导的碳循环发生了转变。然而，过量施氮（200 kg N ha - 1）有加速有机碳分解的风险。本研究表明，在优化施氮量（100 kg N ha - 1）条件下，水杨与大麻间作能有效提高土壤碳储量，提高农业生态系统生产力，促进土地可持续经营。
{"title":"Optimizing Nitrogen Application in a Pennisetum hydridum – Sesbania cannabina Intercropping System to Enhance Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Health in Agricultural Landscapes","authors":"Rakhwe Kama, Zicheng Yi, Farhan Nabi, Sekouna Diatta, Chongjian Ma, Huashou Li","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70364","url":null,"abstract":"Land degradation is currently one of the major threats to global food security and ecosystem stability, often leading to diminished soil organic carbon (SOC) and reduced agricultural productivity. Restoring soil health through sustainable practices is, therefore, paramount, with a critical knowledge gap regarding the synergistic mechanisms between the high‐biomass grass <jats:italic>Pennisetum hydridum</jats:italic> and the nitrogen‐fixing legume <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Sesbania cannabina</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> , and how nitrogen management optimizes their combined potential to enhance soil carbon sequestration. Soil carbon sequestration is critical for mitigating climate change and improving soil health in agricultural systems. While well‐studied in forests and grasslands, the interactive effects of planting patterns and nitrogen (N) fertilization on carbon dynamics in cultivated farmland require further exploration. This study investigates the influence of N application levels (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) and cropping systems on SOC sequestration and its mechanisms. Through integrated pot and field experiments, changes in SOC components, including particulate organic carbon (POC), readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were assessed. Our findings revealed that cultivated soils significantly enhanced all measured carbon fractions compared to abandoned land, with an increase of 16.01% in soil organic matter, 12.94% in total nitrogen, 46.07% in POC, 31.78% in ROC, and 248.59% in MBC. Higher carbon storage capacity was noted under monocropped <jats:italic>Pennisetum hydridum</jats:italic> , whereas the leguminous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Sesbania cannabina</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> (MSc) contributed significantly to nitrogen fixation and labile carbon pools. The intercropping system (IPc‐Sc) synergized these benefits, boosting carbon sequestration by enhancing organic matter input and stabilizing soil structure more effectively than monocropping. Furthermore, N fertilization significantly altered soil enzyme activities, indicating a shift in microbial‐mediated carbon cycling. However, excessive N application (200 kg N ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) risked accelerating SOC decomposition. This study demonstrates that intercropping <jats:italic>P. hydridum</jats:italic> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>S. cannabina</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> under optimized N fertilization (100 kg N ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) effectively enhances soil carbon storage, boosts agroecosystem productivity, and promotes sustainable land management.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145680321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Gao, Shuotong Chen, Hechen Dong, Keyao Zhu, Wenhai Mi
Application of soil amendments is an effective management strategy to promote the fertility of highly degraded soil. However, information about the soil carbon (C) mineralization and its temperature sensitivity ( Q10 ) in response to organic amendment sources in mining areas is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of exogenous C sources (corn stover, cattle manure, and chicken manure) and two temperature regimes (25°C and 35°C) on apparent C mineralization in a 90‐day incubation experiment. Results revealed that exogenous organic amendments induced substantially higher CO 2 fluxes during the first 15 days of incubation relative to the non‐C‐amended control, particularly in corn stover treatments. Cumulative CO 2 production was higher in chicken manure than in cattle manure within the initial few days of incubation, while this trend was reversed at the later stage of incubation. The first‐order model showed that the highest C0 values were recorded in the corn stover applied treatment. The increased incubation temperature resulted in a greater C mineralization rate for all treatments. Exogenous C inputs reduced the Q10 value during the 0–30 days incubation period ( p < 0.05) whereas soils with cattle manure sustained the highest Q10 value for the entire 90 days incubation period. Furthermore, the cattle manure addition treatment maximized enzyme activities and microbial α‐diversity at 25°C, highlighting its strong stimulatory effect on soil biochemical processes. Our study suggests that C mineralization and its temperature sensitivity in mine soil are highly dependent on substrate type and exhibit significant variations throughout the incubation period.
{"title":"Contrasting Impacts on Carbon Mineralization Kinetics and Temperature Sensitivity: Role of Exogenous Organic Amendments in Reclaimed Mine Soils","authors":"Fang Gao, Shuotong Chen, Hechen Dong, Keyao Zhu, Wenhai Mi","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70365","url":null,"abstract":"Application of soil amendments is an effective management strategy to promote the fertility of highly degraded soil. However, information about the soil carbon (C) mineralization and its temperature sensitivity ( <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> ) in response to organic amendment sources in mining areas is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of exogenous C sources (corn stover, cattle manure, and chicken manure) and two temperature regimes (25°C and 35°C) on apparent C mineralization in a 90‐day incubation experiment. Results revealed that exogenous organic amendments induced substantially higher CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes during the first 15 days of incubation relative to the non‐C‐amended control, particularly in corn stover treatments. Cumulative CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production was higher in chicken manure than in cattle manure within the initial few days of incubation, while this trend was reversed at the later stage of incubation. The first‐order model showed that the highest <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> values were recorded in the corn stover applied treatment. The increased incubation temperature resulted in a greater C mineralization rate for all treatments. Exogenous C inputs reduced the <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> value during the 0–30 days incubation period ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05) whereas soils with cattle manure sustained the highest <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> value for the entire 90 days incubation period. Furthermore, the cattle manure addition treatment maximized enzyme activities and microbial α‐diversity at 25°C, highlighting its strong stimulatory effect on soil biochemical processes. Our study suggests that C mineralization and its temperature sensitivity in mine soil are highly dependent on substrate type and exhibit significant variations throughout the incubation period.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Chaturvedi, S. K. Pandey, Anshuman Tripathi, Laxmi Goparaju, Arun Jyoti Nath, A. S. Raghubanshi, S. R. Gupta, J. S. Singh
Tropical dry forests and savannas are critical yet understudied ecosystems that regulate global biogeochemical cycles and support biodiversity. However, their functioning is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Here, we present a decade‐long study (2005–2014) examining litterfall dynamics and nutrient cycling across protection gradients (permanently protected [PP], moderately protected [MP], and unprotected [UP] stands) in India's Vindhyan plateau, where forests are transitioning to savannas due to land‐use change. Using field measurements, satellite data, and ecological modeling, we quantified how protection status mediates ecosystem processes in these contrasting biomes. We found that protection status overrides biome differences in driving ecosystem function. PP stands maintained 35%–50% higher annual litterfall (6.4 vs. 3.2 Mg ha −1 yr −1 ) and double the nutrient return rates (2.54 vs. 1.19 Mg ha −1 yr −1 ) compared to UP stands, facilitated by microclimatic buffering (3°C–5°C cooler soils, 15%–20% higher humidity) and reduced disturbance. Forests exhibited “elastic resilience,” resisting degradation until abrupt collapse under high disturbance, whereas savannas showed “graded resilience,” declining linearly with disturbance intensity. Alarmingly, MP stands displayed limited recovery, suggesting passive protection alone is insufficient for restoration. Disturbances disrupted nutrient cycling, with UP areas showing 20%–25% higher nutrient use efficiency (NUE)—a short‐term survival strategy that reduces long‐term nutrient availability. Savanna UP sites are projected to lose 30%–40% of litterfall capacity by 2035, risking irreversible degradation. Landsat data revealed a 6.3% decline in forest cover (2002–2014), exacerbating fire‐prone feedback loops. Our findings underscore that protection is paramount for maintaining tropical dry ecosystem functions. Forests require fire suppression, while savannas need grazing management. We advocate for landscape‐scale conservation integrating protected cores with buffered use zones. This study provides a framework for managing biome‐specific resilience in the face of global change, emphasizing urgent, targeted interventions to avert ecosystem collapse.
热带干燥森林和稀树草原是调节全球生物地球化学循环和支持生物多样性的重要生态系统，但研究不足。然而，它们的功能日益受到人为干扰和气候变化的威胁。在这里，我们提出了一项长达十年的研究（2005-2014），研究了印度温德扬高原的凋落物动态和养分循环，这些凋落物跨越保护梯度（永久保护[PP]，中等保护[MP]和未保护[UP]），由于土地利用变化，森林正在向稀树草原过渡。利用野外测量、卫星数据和生态模型，我们量化了保护状况如何在这些不同的生物群系中调节生态系统过程。我们发现保护状态在驱动生态系统功能方面超越了生物群系差异。与UP林分相比，PP林分的年凋落物量高出35%-50%(6.4比3.2 Mg ha - 1年−1年−1)，养分返还率翻倍（2.54比1.19 Mg ha - 1年−1年−1），这得益于小气候缓冲（3°C - 5°C较冷的土壤，15%-20%较高的湿度）和干扰减少。森林表现出“弹性恢复力”，在高干扰下抵抗退化直至突然崩溃，而稀树草原表现出“分级恢复力”，随干扰强度线性下降。令人担忧的是，MP展台显示出有限的恢复，这表明仅靠被动保护不足以恢复。干扰破坏了养分循环，UP地区的养分利用效率（NUE）提高了20%-25%，这是一种短期生存策略，会降低长期养分的可用性。预计到2035年，热带草原UP地区将失去30%-40%的凋落物容量，面临不可逆转的退化风险。Landsat数据显示，2002-2014年森林覆盖率下降了6.3%，加剧了火灾易发反馈循环。我们的发现强调了保护对于维持热带干旱生态系统功能至关重要。森林需要灭火，而稀树草原需要放牧管理。我们提倡景观尺度的保护，将受保护的核心与缓冲的使用区域结合起来。该研究为面对全球变化管理生物群系特有的恢复力提供了框架，强调了避免生态系统崩溃的紧急、有针对性的干预措施。
{"title":"Disturbance Mediated Changes in Litter Turnover and Nutrient Use Efficiency Facilitate Vegetation Shifts in Tropical Dry Ecosystems: Insights From a 10‐Year Vegetation Management Study","authors":"R. K. Chaturvedi, S. K. Pandey, Anshuman Tripathi, Laxmi Goparaju, Arun Jyoti Nath, A. S. Raghubanshi, S. R. Gupta, J. S. Singh","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70334","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical dry forests and savannas are critical yet understudied ecosystems that regulate global biogeochemical cycles and support biodiversity. However, their functioning is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Here, we present a decade‐long study (2005–2014) examining litterfall dynamics and nutrient cycling across protection gradients (permanently protected [PP], moderately protected [MP], and unprotected [UP] stands) in India's Vindhyan plateau, where forests are transitioning to savannas due to land‐use change. Using field measurements, satellite data, and ecological modeling, we quantified how protection status mediates ecosystem processes in these contrasting biomes. We found that protection status overrides biome differences in driving ecosystem function. PP stands maintained 35%–50% higher annual litterfall (6.4 vs. 3.2 Mg ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) and double the nutrient return rates (2.54 vs. 1.19 Mg ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) compared to UP stands, facilitated by microclimatic buffering (3°C–5°C cooler soils, 15%–20% higher humidity) and reduced disturbance. Forests exhibited “elastic resilience,” resisting degradation until abrupt collapse under high disturbance, whereas savannas showed “graded resilience,” declining linearly with disturbance intensity. Alarmingly, MP stands displayed limited recovery, suggesting passive protection alone is insufficient for restoration. Disturbances disrupted nutrient cycling, with UP areas showing 20%–25% higher nutrient use efficiency (NUE)—a short‐term survival strategy that reduces long‐term nutrient availability. Savanna UP sites are projected to lose 30%–40% of litterfall capacity by 2035, risking irreversible degradation. Landsat data revealed a 6.3% decline in forest cover (2002–2014), exacerbating fire‐prone feedback loops. Our findings underscore that protection is paramount for maintaining tropical dry ecosystem functions. Forests require fire suppression, while savannas need grazing management. We advocate for landscape‐scale conservation integrating protected cores with buffered use zones. This study provides a framework for managing biome‐specific resilience in the face of global change, emphasizing urgent, targeted interventions to avert ecosystem collapse.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coastal sandy soils pose a challenge for microbial nutrient retention due to low organic matter and high leaching. While plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show promise, their functional synergies in these ecosystems—particularly beyond phosphorus limitation—remain unclear. We investigated their complementary roles in enhancing soil function and Casuarina equisetifolia growth under nutrient‐depleted conditions. A 150‐day pot experiment evaluated the synergistic effects of PGPR ( Paenibacillus kribbensis LB18/LB19, P. cellulositrophicus LB46, Brucella pseudogrignonensis LQ10) and AMF ( Funneliformis mosseae ) through soil enzymatic activity, nutrient dynamics, and plant growth metrics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were employed to dissect soil–plant–microbe interactions. Dual PGPR‐AMF inoculation enhanced soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase: 1.6‐fold; catalase: +57%) and total nitrogen (18.28 mg g −1 ). However, single inoculation with LQ10 outperformed dual treatments, increasing plant height (+102.2%) and biomass (+254.1%) via root architecture optimization. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) synthesis and cellulase activity correlated strongly with nutrient cycling (AN: r = 0.54–0.61; AP: r = 0.56–0.67). SEM identified soil nutrient dynamics ( R2 = 0.506) and antioxidant enzyme networks as growth determinants, with potassium availability ( λ = 0.835) and superoxide dismutase activity ( λ = 0.527) dominating RDA. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that dual inoculation triggered metabolic trade‐offs, suppressing host plant secondary metabolism ( β = −0.514) while concurrently enhancing plant physiological resilience, as evidenced by coordinated upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectant levels. Microbial functional traits (e.g., IAA production, cellulolysis) critically regulate soil–plant feedback in nutrient‐poor systems. We propose a time‐resolved framework for microbial consortia design, where PGPR–AMF synergism is constrained by host carbon allocation thresholds and potassium availability.
海岸带沙质土壤有机质含量低、淋滤率高，对微生物养分保持提出了挑战。虽然促进植物生长的根茎细菌（PGPR）和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）显示出希望，但它们在这些生态系统中的功能协同作用（特别是在磷限制之外）仍不清楚。研究了它们在养分枯竭条件下增强土壤功能和木麻黄生长的互补作用。通过150天的盆栽试验，通过土壤酶活性、养分动态和植物生长指标，评估了PGPR（克里本拟芽孢杆菌LB18/LB19、P. cellulositrophicus LB46、伪格里诺布鲁氏菌LQ10）和AMF （mosseae）的协同效应。采用结构方程模型（SEM）和冗余分析（RDA）对土壤-植物-微生物相互作用进行了分析。双PGPR - AMF接种提高了土壤酶活性（脱氢酶：1.6倍；过氧化氢酶：+57%）和总氮（18.28 mg g - 1）。单次接种LQ10优于双次接种，通过优化根构型，提高了株高（+102.2%）和生物量（+254.1%）。吲哚- 3 -乙酸（IAA）合成和纤维素酶活性与养分循环密切相关（AN: r = 0.54-0.61; AP: r = 0.56-0.67）。SEM发现土壤养分动态（r2 = 0.506）和抗氧化酶网络是生长的决定因素，钾有效性（λ = 0.835）和超氧化物歧化酶活性（λ = 0.527）主导RDA。结构方程模型（SEM）显示，双重接种引发了代谢权衡，抑制了寄主植物的次生代谢（β = - 0.514），同时增强了植物的生理弹性，这可以通过抗氧化酶和渗透保护剂水平的协同上调来证明。微生物功能性状（例如，IAA生产，纤维素分解）在养分贫乏的系统中对土壤-植物反馈起到关键调节作用。我们提出了一个时间解决的微生物群落设计框架，其中PGPR-AMF协同作用受到宿主碳分配阈值和钾可用性的限制。
{"title":"Rationalizing Microbial Strategies for Coastal Soil Restoration: Functional Complementarity and Trade‐Offs in PGPR – AMF Interactions","authors":"Wei Chu, ChaoXin Shen, LiuTing Zhou, YuHong Cai, Yue Guo, ZeYan Wu, WenXiong Lin, QinGui Su","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70366","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal sandy soils pose a challenge for microbial nutrient retention due to low organic matter and high leaching. While plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show promise, their functional synergies in these ecosystems—particularly beyond phosphorus limitation—remain unclear. We investigated their complementary roles in enhancing soil function and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Casuarina equisetifolia</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> growth under nutrient‐depleted conditions. A 150‐day pot experiment evaluated the synergistic effects of PGPR ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Paenibacillus kribbensis</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> LB18/LB19, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>P. cellulositrophicus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> LB46, <jats:italic>Brucella pseudogrignonensis</jats:italic> LQ10) and AMF ( <jats:italic>Funneliformis mosseae</jats:italic> ) through soil enzymatic activity, nutrient dynamics, and plant growth metrics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were employed to dissect soil–plant–microbe interactions. Dual PGPR‐AMF inoculation enhanced soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase: 1.6‐fold; catalase: +57%) and total nitrogen (18.28 mg g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ). However, single inoculation with LQ10 outperformed dual treatments, increasing plant height (+102.2%) and biomass (+254.1%) via root architecture optimization. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) synthesis and cellulase activity correlated strongly with nutrient cycling (AN: <jats:italic>r =</jats:italic> 0.54–0.61; AP: <jats:italic>r =</jats:italic> 0.56–0.67). SEM identified soil nutrient dynamics ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.506) and antioxidant enzyme networks as growth determinants, with potassium availability ( <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> = 0.835) and superoxide dismutase activity ( <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> = 0.527) dominating RDA. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that dual inoculation triggered metabolic trade‐offs, suppressing host plant secondary metabolism ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = −0.514) while concurrently enhancing plant physiological resilience, as evidenced by coordinated upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectant levels. Microbial functional traits (e.g., IAA production, cellulolysis) critically regulate soil–plant feedback in nutrient‐poor systems. We propose a time‐resolved framework for microbial consortia design, where PGPR–AMF synergism is constrained by host carbon allocation thresholds and potassium availability.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongzhi Zhang, Guoping Chen, Junsan Zhao, Haibo Yang
In recent years, the frequency of extreme climate events has risen significantly, exerting profound effects on both terrestrial ecosystems and human well-being. The Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, an ecologically sensitive region, is especially vulnerable to these changes. This study, conducted using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, utilizes trend analysis, Hurst exponent evaluation, correlation analysis, and random forest modeling to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation greenness in the region and its response to extreme climate events. The main results are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2022, vegetation greenness showed significant improvement with an annual growth rate of 0.003 (R2 = 0.69). Over half of the study area exhibited increasing trends across temporal scales, and a general upward trend over the past two decades, despite spring values being consistently lower than other seasons and low-value areas concentrating in the eastern region and urban peripheries. (2) Vegetation stability was relatively low, with one-third of areas showing high interannual variability and two-thirds exhibiting high seasonal variability. (3) The annual mean Hurst index values were all below 0.5, with over 60% displaying anti-persistent increasing trends, suggesting that while the overall trend may continue to rise, future patterns could differ from the past. (4) Vegetation greenness was primarily influenced by extreme temperatures, which had a far greater impact than precipitation events. The key factors identified for vegetation changes were consecutive dry days (CDD), extreme precipitation (R95p), and temperature extremes (TN90p, TX10p, TX90p), each accounting for over 30% of the changes. In conclusion, this study reveals the complex ecological dynamic of concurrent “vegetation growth and vulnerability,” providing a scientific basis for formulating ecosystem conservation and restoration policies in the region.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Greenness and Its Response to Extreme Climate Events: A Case Study of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, China","authors":"Zhongzhi Zhang, Guoping Chen, Junsan Zhao, Haibo Yang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70297","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the frequency of extreme climate events has risen significantly, exerting profound effects on both terrestrial ecosystems and human well-being. The Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, an ecologically sensitive region, is especially vulnerable to these changes. This study, conducted using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, utilizes trend analysis, Hurst exponent evaluation, correlation analysis, and random forest modeling to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation greenness in the region and its response to extreme climate events. The main results are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2022, vegetation greenness showed significant improvement with an annual growth rate of 0.003 (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.69). Over half of the study area exhibited increasing trends across temporal scales, and a general upward trend over the past two decades, despite spring values being consistently lower than other seasons and low-value areas concentrating in the eastern region and urban peripheries. (2) Vegetation stability was relatively low, with one-third of areas showing high interannual variability and two-thirds exhibiting high seasonal variability. (3) The annual mean Hurst index values were all below 0.5, with over 60% displaying anti-persistent increasing trends, suggesting that while the overall trend may continue to rise, future patterns could differ from the past. (4) Vegetation greenness was primarily influenced by extreme temperatures, which had a far greater impact than precipitation events. The key factors identified for vegetation changes were consecutive dry days (CDD), extreme precipitation (R95p), and temperature extremes (TN90p, TX10p, TX90p), each accounting for over 30% of the changes. In conclusion, this study reveals the complex ecological dynamic of concurrent “vegetation growth and vulnerability,” providing a scientific basis for formulating ecosystem conservation and restoration policies in the region.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis C. Beltrán, Lilia L. Roa‐Fuentes, Henry F. Howe, Julio Campo, Miquel González‐Meler, Enrique Solís‐Villalpando, Anaitzi Rivero‐Villar, Nicholas Glass, Cristina Martínez‐Garza
Conversion of tropical rainforest to pasture reduces soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents. Ecological restoration supports soil nutrient recovery, but the effectiveness of restoration strategies may differ, informing management and choice. We compared soil nutrient concentrations in 0–5 cm and 5–20 cm layers of a 13‐year‐old restoration experiment in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, under natural succession and mixed‐species plantings, with pasture and reference forest as controls, and also examined altitudinal (182–256 m) variation, C 4 ‐derived C, and natural abundance of 15 N. Plantings with animal‐dispersed species had 92% higher C concentration in the upper soil than pasture, likely due to high fine root biomass and decomposition. In addition, animal‐dispersed plantings showed a 122% higher NO 3− :NH 4+ ratio in deeper soil than natural succession, possibly due to greater animal N deposition and enhanced N mineralization and nitrification processes. Other nutrient comparisons placed the three restoration treatments generally between forest and pasture; among restoration treatments, no other differences had p < 0.10. No evidence of nutrient runoff was detected, despite the slope (182–256 masl). C 4 ‐derived C in the upper soil was around 5 times higher in animal‐ and wind‐plantings than in forest, reflecting grass‐to‐forest conversion. In natural succession plots, 15 N natural abundance correlated negatively with Fabaceae basal area, reflecting the legacy effects of leguminous tree species. Overall, differences among restoration strategies were few and minor, indicating that nutrient recovery alone cannot guide the choice between natural succession and mixed‐species plantings; broader ecological and practical objectives should instead shape decisions.
{"title":"Contrasting Soil Carbon, Nutrients, and Isotopic Signatures Across Tropical Rainforest Restoration Strategies on Former Pastures","authors":"Luis C. Beltrán, Lilia L. Roa‐Fuentes, Henry F. Howe, Julio Campo, Miquel González‐Meler, Enrique Solís‐Villalpando, Anaitzi Rivero‐Villar, Nicholas Glass, Cristina Martínez‐Garza","doi":"10.1002/ldr.70291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70291","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion of tropical rainforest to pasture reduces soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents. Ecological restoration supports soil nutrient recovery, but the effectiveness of restoration strategies may differ, informing management and choice. We compared soil nutrient concentrations in 0–5 cm and 5–20 cm layers of a 13‐year‐old restoration experiment in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, under natural succession and mixed‐species plantings, with pasture and reference forest as controls, and also examined altitudinal (182–256 m) variation, C <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ‐derived C, and natural abundance of <jats:sup>15</jats:sup> N. Plantings with animal‐dispersed species had 92% higher C concentration in the upper soil than pasture, likely due to high fine root biomass and decomposition. In addition, animal‐dispersed plantings showed a 122% higher NO <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> :NH <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ratio in deeper soil than natural succession, possibly due to greater animal N deposition and enhanced N mineralization and nitrification processes. Other nutrient comparisons placed the three restoration treatments generally between forest and pasture; among restoration treatments, no other differences had <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.10. No evidence of nutrient runoff was detected, despite the slope (182–256 masl). C <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ‐derived C in the upper soil was around 5 times higher in animal‐ and wind‐plantings than in forest, reflecting grass‐to‐forest conversion. In natural succession plots, <jats:sup>15</jats:sup> N natural abundance correlated negatively with Fabaceae basal area, reflecting the legacy effects of leguminous tree species. Overall, differences among restoration strategies were few and minor, indicating that nutrient recovery alone cannot guide the choice between natural succession and mixed‐species plantings; broader ecological and practical objectives should instead shape decisions.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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