Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献_第5页

An epidemiological study on the prevalence and associated risk factors of infectious bronchitis virus in poultry farms in northern Vietnam 越南北部家禽养殖场传染性支气管炎病毒流行率及相关危险因素的流行病学研究

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106734

Do Duy Hoa , Bui Van Dung , Nguyen Hoai Nam , Nguyen Duc Truong , Nguyen Van Phuong , Dan Ngo The , Tran Thi Duc Tam , Pham Thi Lan Huong , Ha Xuan Bo , Le Van Truong , Le Van Phan , Mai Thi Ngan

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a major respiratory pathogen of economic concern in the poultry industry. This study investigated the farm-level prevalence of IBV and evaluated associated risk factors in northern Vietnam by a cross-sectional study from June 2022 to June 2024. A total of 69 poultry farms were randomly selected across nine provinces, and pooled tracheal swab samples were purposively collected for IBV detection using RT-qPCR. The overall IBV farm-level prevalence was 34.78 % (95 % CI:23.71–47.21 %). Although no statistically significant differences were found across provinces, production types, age groups, or flock sizes, IBV was detected in all subgroups, indicating widespread circulation of the virus. A total of 22 potential risk factors were initially assessed using univariate logistic regression. Of these, six variables with P < 0.1, including farm size, number of poultry houses, presence of multiple age groups, vaccination at day-old, frequency of disinfection before chick placement, and proximity to live bird markets and residential areas, were selected for multivariable logistic regression. The final multivariable model retained two independent predictors: performing more than one disinfection before chick placement (P = 0.035), and administration of a live IB vaccine at one day of age (P = 0.006), both of which were significantly associated with reduced the odds of IBV infection at the farm level. These findings suggest that strategic vaccination and careful calibration of disinfection protocols are critical to minimizing IBV transmission at the farm level.

传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）仍然是家禽业经济关注的主要呼吸道病原体。本研究从2022年6月至2024年6月通过横断面研究调查了越南北部农场水平的IBV患病率，并评估了相关的危险因素。随机选取9个省69个家禽养殖场，有目的地收集气管拭子样本，采用RT-qPCR检测IBV。总体IBV农场水平患病率为34.78 %（95 % CI:23.71 ~ 47.21 %）。虽然在各省、生产类型、年龄组或畜群大小之间没有发现统计学上的显著差异，但在所有亚组中都检测到IBV，表明该病毒广泛传播。采用单变量logistic回归对22个潜在危险因素进行初步评估。其中，有6个变量P

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引用次数: 0

Development and validation of SR-DISVAXFIC: A mobile phone application for estimating the herd-level financial impact of small ruminant diseases and the potential benefits of vaccination in the field SR-DISVAXFIC的开发和验证：用于估计小型反刍动物疾病对畜群的经济影响和实地接种疫苗的潜在效益的移动电话应用程序。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106733

Megan E. Rawlins , Adeyinka J. Adedeji , Victoria I. Ifende , Sandra I. Ijoma , Rebecca B. Atai , Joel Y. Atuman , Gambo Panzam , Haruna W. Gotom , Idris H. Adamu , Anas U. Musa , Isa M. Sani , Paul Adamu , Mauzu Rani , Ijeoma O. Nwagbo , Jakawa B. Gyes , Jamo Aliyu , Jolly A. Adole , Banenat B. Dogonyaro , Maryam Muhammad , Georgina Limon

Small ruminants are important to livelihoods in rural Nigeria and kept under sedentary and nomadic (transhumance) husbandry systems. Diseases such as sheep pox (SPP) and goat pox (GTP) result in significant financial losses and control is by vaccination. We developed and validated a mobile phone application (small ruminant’s disease vaccination and financial impact calculator: SR-DISVAXFIC) to estimate herd-level costs and vaccination benefits for small ruminant diseases in the field with real-time estimations. Previously developed production and economic models were adapted for application development and two validation stages undertaken: (i) SR-DISVAXFIC was presented and tested at a stakeholder meeting and (ii) veterinarians used SR-DISVAXFIC to collect data from sedentary and nomadic farmers who had experienced SPP and GTP outbreaks across five Northern Nigerian states (n = 291).

Median disease costs estimated were £ 301 (IQR: £163–516) for sedentary and £ 393 (IQR: £269–1029) for nomadic herds. Vaccination was financially beneficial, regardless of the percentage of government subsidisation; with a median herd-level benefit and median benefit-cost ratio of £ 272 (IQR: 149–475) and 7.00 (IQR: 5.04–16.74) for sedentary and £ 345 (IQR: £238–831) and 4.28 (IQR: 3.55–8.87) for nomadic herds. Differences between values estimated by SR-DISVAXFIC and previous stochastic modelling demonstrate the importance of gathering input parameters in the field to provide estimates. Majority (91.7 %) of participating farmers said SR-DISVAXFIC was useful to understand the financial impact of disease, and veterinarians found the application beneficial in explaining abstract concepts. SR-DISVAXFIC can be used to monitor trends in epidemiological parameters, costs, and financial impact of any small ruminant diseases.

小反刍动物对尼日利亚农村的生计至关重要，它们在定居和游牧（跨牧）畜牧业系统下饲养。绵羊痘（SPP）和山羊痘（GTP）等疾病会造成重大经济损失，控制方法是接种疫苗。我们开发并验证了一个手机应用程序（小反刍动物疾病疫苗接种和财务影响计算器：SR-DISVAXFIC），通过实时估计实地小反刍动物疾病的群体成本和疫苗接种效益。对以前开发的生产和经济模型进行了调整，以适应应用开发，并进行了两个验证阶段：(i) SR-DISVAXFIC在利益攸关方会议上进行了介绍和测试；（ii）兽医使用SR-DISVAXFIC从尼日利亚北部五个州经历过SPP和GTP爆发的定居和游牧农民那里收集数据（ = 291）。据估计，久坐人群的疾病成本中位数为 301英镑（IQR: 163-516英镑），游牧人群的疾病成本中位数为 393英镑（IQR: 269-1029英镑）。无论政府补贴的百分比如何，接种疫苗在经济上都是有益的；游牧牧群的平均效益和平均效益成本比分别为 272英镑（IQR: 149-475）和7.00英镑（IQR: 5.04-16.74），而游牧牧群的平均效益和成本比分别为 345英镑（IQR: 238-831）和4.28英镑（IQR: 3.55-8.87）。SR-DISVAXFIC估计的值与以前的随机模型之间的差异表明了在现场收集输入参数以提供估计的重要性。大多数（91.7 %）参与的农民表示SR-DISVAXFIC有助于了解疾病的经济影响，兽医发现该应用程序有助于解释抽象概念。SR-DISVAXFIC可用于监测任何小型反刍动物疾病的流行病学参数、成本和财务影响的趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Scoping review on farmer information sources for animal health 动物卫生农民信息源的范围审查。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106732

Jorge Rivera-Gomis , Daniel Serrano-Jara , John Berezowski

Livestock farmers are the central decision makers for control of most endemic diseases, which makes them a vital stakeholder for the effective communication of information created from disease surveillance. We conducted a scoping review of the relevant scientific literature following PRISMA standards to identify the most common information channels or networks through which farmers receive information about animal health or disease. We found 50 articles that met our inclusion criteria (see methods section) by searching the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science from 1960 – Feb 2025. Most of the articles (n = 34) came from the UK. Most of the studies targeted cattle farmers (n = 31), followed by sheep farmers (n = 19) and pig farmers (n = 10). Farmers were reported to receive information from a wide variety of sources. Veterinarians were reported to be the most important information source (n = 36). Other sources reported to be important were nutritionists and foot trimers (n = 1), other farmers (n = 1), farmer associations and schemes (n = 1) and the farm press (n = 1). Five studies reported that a combination of different sources was the most effective for communicating to farmers. From this study, we can conclude that veterinarians are the primary animal health/disease information source for farmers and should always be included when designing strategies to communicate health/disease related information to farmer. Other information sources are less important but should be included when communication is intended to reach as many farmers as possible.

畜牧农民是控制大多数地方病的核心决策者，这使他们成为有效交流疾病监测产生的信息的重要利益攸关方。我们按照PRISMA标准对相关科学文献进行了范围审查，以确定农民获得动物健康或疾病信息的最常见信息渠道或网络。通过检索PubMed和Web of Science电子数据库，从1960年到2025年2月，我们找到了50篇符合我们纳入标准的文章（见方法部分）。大多数文章（n = 34）来自英国。大多数研究针对养牛户（n = 31），其次是养羊户（n = 19）和养猪户（n = 10）。据报告，农民从各种各样的来源获得信息。兽医被认为是最重要的信息来源（n = 36）。据报道，其他重要的来源包括营养学家和三脚专家（n = 1）、其他农民（n = 1）、农民协会和计划（n = 1）和农场新闻（n = 1）。五项研究报告说，不同来源的结合对于与农民沟通是最有效的。从这项研究中，我们可以得出结论，兽医是农民的主要动物健康/疾病信息来源，在设计与农民沟通健康/疾病相关信息的策略时应始终包括兽医。其他信息来源不那么重要，但当沟通的目的是使尽可能多的农民接触到这些信息时，应该包括这些信息来源。

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引用次数: 0

A cross-sectional study on herd-level risk factors associated with Salmonella Dublin in dairy herds from Québec, Canada 在加拿大quamesbec的奶牛群中与都柏林沙门氏菌相关的群体水平危险因素的横断面研究

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106728

Simon Dufour , Julie Arsenault , Maryse Michèle Um , Gilles Fecteau

Salmonella Dublin is an endemic zoonotic bacteria affecting dairy cattle in Canada and is also recognized as an emerging concern in dairy industries worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of herd-level risk factors on the farm's S. Dublin status. We used an observational cross-sectional study design, where the S. Dublin status of 302 dairy herds from the three main dairy regions in Québec, Canada, was determined using repeated bulk tank milk and individual animal serum samples collected over 6 months. Geographic coordinates and demographic exposures were obtained from the Québec dairy producers association, and management practices were assessed using a questionnaire. Spatial clusters of S. Dublin positive farms were evaluated. The impact of risk factors on odds of S. Dublin was estimated using logistic regression models based on a directed acyclic graph. Associations between the farm’s predictor profile and odds of S. Dublin were also evaluated using dimension reduction coupled with hierarchical clustering techniques. Data from 273 and 196 herds were available for the spatial and risk factors analyses, respectively, and 10 (3.7 %) of the herds met the S. Dublin case definition. We observed a spatial cluster of S. Dublin cases. Farm- (number of dairy farms/km²) and cow-density (number of adult dairy cows/km²), and distance to the nearest dairy farm (in km) were not associated with S. Dublin status. Herds that used practices associated with a higher rate of animal introduction had significantly higher odds of S. Dublin. When considering the farm’s predictors profile, only the dimension representing the herd’s buying and young stock raising habits was associated with the odds of S. Dublin.

都柏林沙门氏菌是一种影响加拿大奶牛的地方性人畜共患细菌，也被认为是全球乳制品行业的新兴问题。本研究的目的是调查畜群水平风险因素对该农场S. Dublin状况的影响。我们采用了一种观察性横断面研究设计，在该研究中，通过重复收集6个多月的散装罐奶和个体动物血清样本，确定了来自加拿大quacimubec三个主要奶牛区的302头奶牛群的S. Dublin状况。从曲海牛奶生产者协会获得了地理坐标和人口暴露情况，并使用问卷对管理做法进行了评估。对S. Dublin阳性农场的空间集群进行了评价。使用基于有向无环图的逻辑回归模型估计危险因素对S. Dublin的几率的影响。利用降维结合分层聚类技术，还评估了农场预测器剖面与都柏林葡萄球菌几率之间的关联。273和196个畜群的数据分别可用于空间和风险因素分析，10个（3.7 %）畜群符合S. Dublin病例定义。我们观察到S. Dublin病例的空间聚集性。农场数量（奶牛场数量/平方公里）和奶牛密度（成年奶牛数量/平方公里）以及到最近的奶牛场的距离（以公里为单位）与S. Dublin状况无关。采用与较高的动物引进率相关的做法的畜群患S. Dublin的几率明显更高。当考虑农场的预测指标时，只有代表畜群购买和幼畜饲养习惯的维度与S. Dublin的几率有关。

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引用次数: 0

Qualitative insights into vaccine hesitancy among striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam 越南湄公河三角洲条纹鲶鱼（Pangasianodon hypophthalmus）养殖者对疫苗犹豫的定性见解。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106730

Vi L.T. Tran , Andrew C. Barnes , Francisca Samsing , Ut N. Vu , Kerrie Wiley

Vaccination has reduced reliance on antibiotics and chemical treatments in major aquaculture industries like salmon farming, yet adoption remains low in developing sectors such as the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) industry in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This qualitative study examines Vietnamese striped catfish farmers' perspectives to uncover factors driving the low adoption of the available bivalent vaccine against Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila. Between March and April 2023, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 44 purposively sampled Vietnamese striped catfish farmers across nursery and grow-out farms of different sizes and full spectrum of vaccination experience in the Mekong Delta region. The interviews covered the attitudes, knowledge, and use of vaccination among participants and were thematically analysed using the Framework method. The vaccine adoption landscape, visualised by adoption subgroups categorised in an adapted Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM), showed a clear skew toward non-uptake, represented by the prevalence of the ‘Unengaged’ and ‘Informed sceptics’ groups. The fragmented nature of the industry requires collaborative effort between nursery and grow-out stakeholders for effective vaccination. However, we identified a pervasive reluctance toward vaccine adoption in both groups of stakeholders, primarily due to cost-benefit concerns. Nursery farmers, bearing the costs of potential post-vaccination side effects, were hesitant to vaccinate fingerlings. Meanwhile, grow-out farmers questioned the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine. These concerns point to a critical need for interventions, either to alleviate perceived risks about vaccination or to develop alternative vaccine solutions that are more effective, user-friendly, and economical. Addressing these issues could reduce the economic impact of disease outbreaks and steer the industry towards reduced antibiotic use.

疫苗接种减少了鲑鱼养殖等主要水产养殖业对抗生素和化学处理的依赖，但在发展中部门，如越南湄公河三角洲的条纹鲶鱼（Pangasianodon hypophthalmus）养殖业，疫苗的使用率仍然很低。本定性研究考察了越南条纹鲶鱼养殖者的观点，以揭示导致现有的抗爱德华氏菌和嗜水气单胞菌双价疫苗采用率低的因素。在2023年3月至4月期间，对湄公河三角洲地区44名越南条纹鲶鱼养殖户进行了半结构化定性访谈，这些养殖户来自不同规模的苗圃和生长场，并有全面的疫苗接种经验。访谈涵盖了参与者对疫苗接种的态度、知识和使用情况，并使用框架方法进行了主题分析。疫苗采用情况通过采用预防采用过程模型（PAPM）分类的采用子群体可视化，显示出明显倾向于不采用，以“未参与”和“知情怀疑论者”群体的流行为代表。该行业的碎片化性质需要托儿所和成长利益相关者之间的合作努力，以有效接种疫苗。然而，我们发现两组利益相关者普遍不愿采用疫苗，主要是出于成本效益方面的考虑。苗圃农民，承担潜在的疫苗接种后的副作用的成本，犹豫接种幼仔。与此同时，种植农民质疑疫苗的成本效益。这些关切表明，迫切需要采取干预措施，要么减轻疫苗接种的已知风险，要么开发更有效、用户友好和经济的替代疫苗解决方案。解决这些问题可以减少疾病爆发的经济影响，并引导该行业减少抗生素的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of photographic fecal scoring in puppies 幼犬粪便照相评分的验证

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106729

Chloé Chauvel , Ilyas Bendahmane , Emma Vellard , Faouzi Lyazrhi , Annabelle Meynadier , Hanna Mila , Aurélien Grellet

Background

Diarrhea is a common issue in puppies and compromises the well-being of animals and their owners. To date, objective assessment of fecal consistency has relied on a fecal scoring scale applied to fresh feces; however, given the challenges associated with accessing fresh stool samples, digital scoring presents an interesting potential alternative. This study aimed to test the validity of using photographs to approximate the in situ fresh fecal scoring scale.

Methods

In a first experiment, 40 fresh feces were collected from puppies and scored in-situ with a 13-point fecal scale. Feces were then photographed and later assessed on picture. Agreement between the two scoring methods was evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot and kappa coefficients. In a second experiment, four observers scored independently 98 stool photographs. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess inter-observer agreement. Intra-observer reproducibility was also explored with a Bland-Altman plot and kappa coefficients.

Results

Our findings showed good agreement between the two methods (weighted kappa coefficient of 0.93 (95 % CI [0.87, 0.98]) and no significant bias in the Bland-Altman plot). Our study also showed good inter-observer (ICC of 0.83 (95 % CI [0.78, 0.87])) and intra-observer (weighted kappa coefficient of 0.93 (95 % CI [0.91, 0.96]) and no significant bias in the Bland-Altman plot) agreements.

Conclusions

The puppy fecal scoring scale employed in the present study appeared to be reliably applicable to photographs for objectively assessing fecal consistency in puppies. It is a promising solution for veterinary practices and future research studies.

背景：腹泻是幼犬的常见问题，会损害动物及其主人的健康。迄今为止，对粪便一致性的客观评估依赖于适用于新鲜粪便的粪便评分量表；然而，考虑到获取新鲜粪便样本的挑战，数字评分提供了一个有趣的潜在替代方案。本研究旨在测试使用照片来近似就地新鲜粪便评分量表的有效性。方法第一次实验收集40只幼犬新鲜粪便，采用13分制就地评分。然后对粪便进行拍照，随后对照片进行评估。使用Bland-Altman图和kappa系数评估两种评分方法之间的一致性。在第二个实验中，四名观察者分别对98张粪便照片打分。计算类内相关系数以评估观察者间的一致性。还用Bland-Altman图和kappa系数探讨了观察者内部的可重复性。结果两种方法的结果吻合良好（加权kappa系数为0.93(95 % CI [0.87, 0.98])， Bland-Altman图无显著偏倚）。我们的研究还显示了良好的观察者间(ICC为0.83（95 % CI[0.78, 0.87]）和观察者内（加权kappa系数为0.93（95 % CI[0.91, 0.96]）一致性，Bland-Altman图中没有显著偏差）。结论本研究采用的幼犬粪便评分量表能够可靠地应用于照片，客观地评价幼犬粪便的一致性。这对兽医实践和未来的研究是一个很有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing risk-based disease control strategies through network analysis: Case insights from FMD in Sri Lanka 通过网络分析优化基于风险的疾病控制策略：来自斯里兰卡口蹄疫的案例见解

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106727

Umanga Gunasekera , Mohamed A. Fazi , Chris Bartels , Veerasak Punyapornwithaya , Andres Perez , Kimberly VanderWaal , Dennis N. Makau

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease in Sri Lanka. The disease spreads among cattle and buffaloes via direct and indirect contact. Management of FMD is challenging given its endemicity and the largely extensive grazing management practices. This situation is further exacerbated by the difficulty in controlling animal movement. In this study, we describe livestock movement networks in an FMD high-risk area in Sri Lanka and the impact of implementing various control measures on FMD outbreaks. Cattle and buffalo movement networks were created based on the information obtained from the farmers regarding grazing patterns and the veterinary officers regarding animal movement, responding to a pretested questionnaire. In-person questionnaires were administered to each veterinarian in the Eastern province in Sri Lanka and 10 selected farmers from each veterinary range (administrative regions within districts). Static, directed and undirected networks representing grazing and inter-VS range movements were constructed and analyzed for structure, connectivity and communities. Network fragmentation index was used to test the effect of iterations of targeted disrupting potential network-based transmission in the population through animal vaccination. Forty out of the total 46 veterinary range representatives and 294 farmer responses to the questionnaire were collected between January and December 2017. Animal movements primarily occurred within the province and in each district three different network communities were observed, and a fourth community combined the three districts. Targeting high-centrality farms during an outbreak and conducting biannual vaccinations in veterinary ranges with high network centrality could reduce outbreaks significantly compared to applying random control measures. In conclusion, targeted interventions appear to offer a more cost-effective approach for controlling contagious diseases like FMD in Sri Lanka. Informal patterns may contribute meaningfully to disease spread and should therefore be considered in the design of control strategies.

口蹄疫是斯里兰卡的一种地方病。该病通过直接和间接接触在牛和水牛之间传播。鉴于口蹄疫的地方性和广泛的放牧管理做法，口蹄疫的管理具有挑战性。这种情况由于难以控制动物运动而进一步恶化。在这项研究中，我们描述了斯里兰卡口蹄疫高风险地区的牲畜流动网络，以及实施各种控制措施对口蹄疫疫情的影响。根据从农民获得的关于放牧模式的信息和兽医官员获得的关于动物运动的信息，根据预先测试的问卷，建立了牛和水牛运动网络。对斯里兰卡东部省的每位兽医和每个兽医区（区内行政区域）选出的10名农民进行了问卷调查。构建了静态、有向和无向网络，并对其结构、连通性和群落进行了分析。使用网络碎片化指数来测试通过动物疫苗有针对性地破坏潜在的基于网络的种群传播迭代的效果。在2017年1月至12月期间，共收集了46名兽医养殖场代表中的40名和294名农民对问卷的回复。动物活动主要发生在省内，在每个地区观察到三个不同的网络社区，第四个社区将三个地区合并在一起。与采用随机控制措施相比，在疫情爆发期间以高集中度的农场为目标，并在具有高网络集中度的兽医范围进行一年两次的疫苗接种，可显著减少疫情。总之，有针对性的干预措施似乎为斯里兰卡控制口蹄疫等传染病提供了一种更具成本效益的方法。非正式模式可能对疾病传播有重大影响，因此在制定控制战略时应予以考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Combating Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in South Korea: A 15-year retrospective and forward-looking study 韩国防治高致病性禽流感：15年回顾性和前瞻性研究

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106722

Sung Dae Park , Yeonsu Oh , Dae Sung Yoo

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), caused by the Orthomyxoviridae family of RNA viruses, poses a serious threat to the global poultry industry, resulting in severe economic losses and raising public health concerns. In South Korea, HPAI outbreaks have recurred since the first case was confirmed in December 2003, with multiple virus subtypes (H5N1, H5N8, and H5N6) affecting domestic poultry farms. Among poultry species, domestic ducks play a crucial role in viral transmission due to their heightened susceptibility and asymptomatic shedding, increasing the risk of unnoticed outbreaks and environmental contamination. To mitigate the impact of HPAI, South Korea implemented the Duck Farming Restriction Policy, limiting duck farming activities during high-risk winter months (November to March). This study evaluates the preventive effectiveness of this policy using a Bayesian time-series modeling approach based on longitudinal outbreak data from 2003 to 2024. The analysis includes key epidemiological variables such as number of confirmed cases and outbreak durations. Our findings provide the first scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of seasonal duck farming restrictions in reducing HPAI incidence. While global HPAI prevalence has increased significantly since 2020, South Korea has maintained stable or declining outbreak trends, suggesting that proactive control strategies play a crucial role in disease mitigation. These results emphasize the importance of adaptive biosecurity policies in controlling HPAI and offer valuable insights for future pandemic preparedness in the poultry sector.

由正粘病毒科RNA病毒引起的高致病性禽流感（HPAI）对全球家禽业构成严重威胁，造成严重的经济损失并引起公共卫生关注。在韩国，自2003年12月确诊首例病例以来，高致病性禽流感疫情再次爆发，多个病毒亚型（H5N1、H5N8和H5N6）影响了家禽养殖场。在家禽物种中，家鸭在病毒传播中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们具有较高的易感性和无症状脱落，增加了未被注意到的暴发和环境污染的风险。为了减轻高致病性禽流感的影响，韩国实施了养鸭限制政策，在冬季高风险月份（11月至3月）限制养鸭活动。本研究基于2003 - 2024年的纵向疫情数据，采用贝叶斯时间序列建模方法评估了该政策的预防效果。分析包括主要流行病学变量，如确诊病例数和疫情持续时间。我们的研究结果首次提供了科学证据，支持季节性养鸭限制在降低高致病性禽流感发病率方面的有效性。虽然自2020年以来全球高致病性禽流感流行率大幅上升，但韩国的疫情趋势保持稳定或下降，这表明主动控制战略在缓解疾病方面发挥了至关重要的作用。这些结果强调了适应性生物安全政策在控制高致病性禽流感中的重要性，并为家禽部门未来的大流行防范提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Benchmarking management practices that impact calf morbidity and mortality in Canadian beef cow-calf herds 影响加拿大肉牛群小牛发病率和死亡率的基准管理实践

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106725

V. Margarita Sanguinetti , Cindy Adams , John Campbell , Sylvia L. Checkley , Cheryl L. Waldner , M. Claire Windeyer

Determining the frequency of outbreaks and use of management practices in Canadian beef cow-calf herds is important to understand the extent to which herds may be vulnerable to disease and help direct future management recommendations. Objectives were to 1. benchmark the frequency of outbreaks of preweaning Neonatal Calf Diarrhea (NCD), Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), and calf mortality, as well as the use of relevant management practices, 2. compare the frequency of outbreaks and practices across regions, 3. assess the unconditional association of these practices with outbreaks, and 4. describe the importance producers gave to productivity parameters. Participants in the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network were surveyed in October 2022. One hundred and twenty-five participants responded to the questionnaire. Over 40 % of herds had at least one type of outbreak from 2019 to 2021. Eighty percent of herds that had mortality outbreaks also had NCD or BRD ones. The frequency of outbreaks did not differ across regions (P ≥ 0.05), while the use of several breeding, calving, colostrum, and biosecurity practices did (P < 0.05). Several calving practices associated with intensive management were associated with increased odds of herds having NCD or calf mortality outbreaks. Also, calving in large pastures was associated with increased the odds of mortality outbreaks, and leasing or sharing bulls with increased the odds of BRD outbreaks. Several commonly used high-risk herd-level practices could be associated with the high frequency of outbreaks and warrant further investigation as potential risk factors.

确定加拿大肉牛和小牛群中疾病暴发的频率和管理措施的使用对于了解畜群可能易受疾病影响的程度和帮助指导未来的管理建议非常重要。目标是1。对断奶前新生儿小牛腹泻（NCD）、牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）和小牛死亡率爆发的频率以及相关管理措施的使用进行基准测试2。2 .比较各区域爆发的频率和做法；3 .评估这些做法与疫情的无条件关联；描述生产商对生产率参数的重视程度。加拿大牛-小牛监测网络的参与者于2022年10月接受了调查。125名参与者回答了调查问卷。从2019年到2021年，超过40% %的畜群至少爆发了一种类型的疫情。80%发生死亡暴发的畜群同时也发生了非传染性疾病或BRD。不同地区爆发的频率没有差异（P ≥ 0.05），而使用几种饲养、产犊、初乳和生物安全措施则存在差异（P <； 0.05）。与集约化管理相关的几种产犊做法与畜群发生非传染性疾病或小牛死亡暴发的几率增加有关。此外，在大型牧场产犊与死亡率爆发的几率增加有关，租赁或共享公牛与BRD爆发的几率增加有关。几种常用的高风险群体做法可能与疫情的高频率有关，值得作为潜在风险因素进行进一步调查。

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引用次数: 0

Brucellosis seropositivity and risk factors in small ruminants and livestock workers: A cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan 小反刍动物和畜牧工人布鲁氏菌病血清阳性和危险因素：巴基斯坦旁遮普的一项横断面研究

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106726

Muhammad Shakeel Khaliq , Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq , Abdul Rehman , Farhat Nazir Awan , Muhammad Avais , Tariq Jamil

Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seropositive proportion of brucellosis and identify associated risk factors in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and livestock workers in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1783 blood samples were collected from unvaccinated sheep and goats across 219 flocks, along with 122 blood samples from occupationally exposed humans using convenience sampling of villages and flocks. Serum samples were tested using a commercial indirect-ELISA kit. Overall, 2.0 % of animals were seropositive, 9.1 % of flocks had at least one seropositive animal, and 9.8 % of livestock workers were seropositive. Significant animal-level risk factors included flock sizes > 50 (OR: 6.5), extensive production systems (OR: 5.6), introduction of new animals without quarantine (OR: 17.1), and mixed farming with large ruminants (OR: 4.0). In humans, contact with seropositive animals (OR: 8.2), animal abortions (OR: 16.2), and unpasteurized milk consumption (OR: 23.3) were key predictors. Real-time PCR confirmed Brucella abortus in sheep and goats, but no Brucella DNA was detected in humans. These findings underscore the importance of integrated surveillance, farmer education, and biosecurity measures to mitigate zoonotic transmission. Further large-scale studies using advanced molecular tools are recommended to validate these findings and support targeted brucellosis control programs.

布鲁氏菌病是世界范围内主要的人畜共患疾病。本横断面研究旨在确定巴基斯坦旁遮普省小反刍动物（绵羊和山羊）和畜牧工人中布鲁氏菌病血清阳性比例，并确定相关危险因素。从219个畜群中未接种疫苗的绵羊和山羊共采集了1783份血液样本，并通过便利的村庄和畜群采样，从职业暴露人群中采集了122份血液样本。使用商业间接elisa试剂盒检测血清样本。总体而言，2.0 %的动物血清呈阳性，9.1 %的畜群至少有一只血清呈阳性，9.8 %的畜牧工人血清呈阳性。重要的动物层面风险因素包括畜群规模> 50 （OR: 6.5）、粗放型生产系统（OR: 5.6）、未经检疫的新动物引进（OR: 17.1）和大型反刍动物混合养殖（OR: 4.0）。在人类中，接触血清阳性动物（OR: 8.2）、动物流产（OR: 16.2）和食用未经巴氏消毒的牛奶（OR: 23.3）是关键预测因素。实时荧光定量PCR证实在绵羊和山羊中检测到流产布鲁氏菌，但在人类中未检测到布鲁氏菌DNA。这些发现强调了综合监测、农民教育和生物安全措施对减轻人畜共患病传播的重要性。建议使用先进的分子工具进行进一步的大规模研究，以验证这些发现并支持有针对性的布鲁氏菌病控制规划。

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引用次数: 0