Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献_第5页

Characterizing risk factors for infection of Mycobacterium bovis between wild pigs and domestic cattle from an outbreak response — California, 1961–1967 从1961-1967年加利福尼亚的一次疫情应对中确定野猪和家牛之间牛分枝杆菌感染的危险因素。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106399

Heather L. Walker , Ryan S. Miller , Laura W. Pomeroy , Andreia G. Arruda

In the United States (US), a national control program from bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has been successful at greatly reducing the incidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic cattle and mitigating exposure to humans. However, experience in many countries, including the US, has demonstrated that eradication of animal tuberculosis (TB) from wildlife can complicate disease control programs. Wild pigs may serve as an important maintenance species for TB, contributing to outbreaks in cattle and hampering disease control programs. In the US, on the Hawaiian island of Molokai, wild pigs facilitated TB transmission, but risk factors contributing to infection of TB were not characterized. To fill this gap, we retrospectively analyzed data from an outbreak of M. bovis in wild pigs and domestic cattle in California during 1961–1967. Using generalized linear models we investigated demographic risk factors (age and sex) for TB infection in wild pigs as well as the association among wild pig and domestic cattle prevalence. Our models demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 87.8 % and suggest adult female wild pigs have significantly lower odds of being TB positive (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, p value = 0.022). Furthermore, our models identified a possible positive association between male wild pigs and TB status (OR = 2.37, p value = 0.055). We also found evidence of differences in geographic risks. Our findings contribute to the existing literature describing risk factors of M. bovis infection in wild pigs and can be used to support targeted surveillance activities in wild pigs.

在美国，一项国家牛结核病控制规划已经成功地大大减少了家牛中牛分枝杆菌感染的发病率，并减少了与人类的接触。然而，包括美国在内的许多国家的经验表明，从野生动物中根除动物结核病可能会使疾病控制计划复杂化。野猪可能是结核病的重要维持物种，有助于牛的爆发并阻碍疾病控制计划。在美国夏威夷的莫洛凯岛，野猪促进了结核病的传播，但导致结核病感染的危险因素没有被描述。为了填补这一空白，我们回顾性分析了1961-1967年加利福尼亚野猪和家畜中牛分枝杆菌爆发的数据。利用广义线性模型，我们调查了野猪感染结核病的人口统计学危险因素（年龄和性别）以及野猪和家牛患病率之间的关系。我们的模型显示，预测准确率为87.8 %，表明成年雌性野猪的结核病阳性几率显著降低（优势比(OR) = 0.41，p值= 0.022）。此外，我们的模型还发现雄性野猪与结核病发病率之间可能存在正相关（OR = 2.37， p值= 0.055）。我们还发现了地理风险差异的证据。我们的发现有助于现有文献描述野猪牛支原体感染的危险因素，并可用于支持对野猪进行有针对性的监测活动。

{"title":"Characterizing risk factors for infection of Mycobacterium bovis between wild pigs and domestic cattle from an outbreak response — California, 1961–1967","authors":"Heather L. Walker , Ryan S. Miller , Laura W. Pomeroy , Andreia G. Arruda","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States (US), a national control program from bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has been successful at greatly reducing the incidence of <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> infection in domestic cattle and mitigating exposure to humans. However, experience in many countries, including the US, has demonstrated that eradication of animal tuberculosis (TB) from wildlife can complicate disease control programs. Wild pigs may serve as an important maintenance species for TB, contributing to outbreaks in cattle and hampering disease control programs. In the US, on the Hawaiian island of Molokai, wild pigs facilitated TB transmission, but risk factors contributing to infection of TB were not characterized. To fill this gap, we retrospectively analyzed data from an outbreak of <em>M. bovis</em> in wild pigs and domestic cattle in California during 1961–1967. Using generalized linear models we investigated demographic risk factors (age and sex) for TB infection in wild pigs as well as the association among wild pig and domestic cattle prevalence. Our models demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 87.8 % and suggest adult female wild pigs have significantly lower odds of being TB positive (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, <em>p</em> value = 0.022). Furthermore, our models identified a possible positive association between male wild pigs and TB status (OR = 2.37, <em>p</em> value = 0.055). We also found evidence of differences in geographic risks. Our findings contribute to the existing literature describing risk factors of <em>M. bovis</em> infection in wild pigs and can be used to support targeted surveillance activities in wild pigs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of temporal resolution and contact duration on Real-Time location system-based contact networks for confined feedlot cattle 时间分辨率和接触时间对放牧牛实时定位系统接触网络的影响。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106409

H.L. Seger , M.W. Sanderson , B.J. White , C. Lanzas

Empirical data on livestock contact networks are scarce but digital technologies are increasingly used to characterize animal behavior and describe the dynamics of contact networks. The objective of this study was to use contact network analysis to quantify contacts within three pens of feedlot cattle across three consecutive years at varying temporal resolutions to better inform the construction of network-based disease transmission models for cattle within confined-housing systems. We also aimed to describe the influence of the variation in Real-Time Location System (RTLS) average tag read rates and the effect of increasing minimum contact duration (MCD) on the contact networks of feedlot cattle. Three pens of feedlot steers were tagged with RTLS, one pen in each of three consecutive summers from 2017 to 2019. Contacts were defined with a spatial threshold of 0.71 m and an MCD of either 10, 30, or 60 seconds. Static, undirected, weighted contact networks were created for the full study duration and then split into daily (24-h), 6-h period, and hourly networks to better assess network heterogeneity. For the full study duration time scale, all three networks were found to be densely connected. The networks showed more heterogeneity in network density and clustering coefficient when smaller time scales (6-h period and hourly) were applied. When contacts were defined with a MCD of 30 or 60 seconds, the total number of contacts seen in each network decreased, indicating that most of the contacts observed in our networks may have been transient passing contacts. For example, the total defined contacts for the 2017 native read rate network were 930,843 at 10 s MCD, 95,570 at 30 s MCD, and 19,135 at 60 s MCD. Though the same system was used for all three years, variation in average tag read rate was observed (range: 2.2 readings/min (2018) to 7.4 readings/min (2017)). When the networks were down-scaled from higher average tag read rates to match lower tag read rates, the full study networks maintained similar network density and clustering, though the average edge weight between pairs decreased. Overall, the networks created here from high-resolution spatial and temporal contact observation data provide estimates for a contact network within a commercial US feedlot pen.

牲畜接触网络的经验数据很少，但数字技术越来越多地用于表征动物行为和描述接触网络的动态。本研究的目的是使用接触网络分析来量化连续三年不同时间分辨率下饲养场牛的三个围栏内的接触情况，以便更好地为封闭住房系统中牛的基于网络的疾病传播模型的构建提供信息。本文还研究了实时定位系统（RTLS）平均标签读取率的变化以及增加最小接触持续时间（MCD）对饲养场牛接触网络的影响。在2017年至2019年连续三个夏季，三支饲养场阉牛的猪圈被贴上了RTLS标签。接触的空间阈值为0.71 m， MCD为10、30或60 秒。在整个研究期间创建静态、无向、加权接触网络，然后将其分为每日（24小时）、6小时和每小时网络，以更好地评估网络异质性。在整个研究持续时间尺度上，这三个网络被发现是紧密相连的。在较小的时间尺度（6 h周期和小时）下，网络密度和聚类系数的异质性更强。当将触点定义为MCD为30或60 秒时，在每个网络中看到的触点总数减少，这表明在我们的网络中观察到的大多数触点可能是短暂的通过触点。例如，2017年本地阅读速率网络的总定义联系人为930,843(10 s MCD), 95,570（30 s MCD）和19,135（60 s MCD）。虽然在所有三年中使用了相同的系统，但观察到平均标签读取率的变化（范围：2.2读数/分钟（2018年）至7.4读数/分钟（2017年））。当网络从较高的平均标签读取率缩小到匹配较低的标签读取率时，整个研究网络保持相似的网络密度和聚类，尽管对之间的平均边权减小。总的来说，通过高分辨率的空间和时间接触观测数据创建的网络为美国商业饲养场围栏内的接触网络提供了估计。

{"title":"The effect of temporal resolution and contact duration on Real-Time location system-based contact networks for confined feedlot cattle","authors":"H.L. Seger , M.W. Sanderson , B.J. White , C. Lanzas","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical data on livestock contact networks are scarce but digital technologies are increasingly used to characterize animal behavior and describe the dynamics of contact networks. The objective of this study was to use contact network analysis to quantify contacts within three pens of feedlot cattle across three consecutive years at varying temporal resolutions to better inform the construction of network-based disease transmission models for cattle within confined-housing systems. We also aimed to describe the influence of the variation in Real-Time Location System (RTLS) average tag read rates and the effect of increasing minimum contact duration (MCD) on the contact networks of feedlot cattle. Three pens of feedlot steers were tagged with RTLS, one pen in each of three consecutive summers from 2017 to 2019. Contacts were defined with a spatial threshold of 0.71 m and an MCD of either 10, 30, or 60 seconds. Static, undirected, weighted contact networks were created for the full study duration and then split into daily (24-h), 6-h period, and hourly networks to better assess network heterogeneity. For the full study duration time scale, all three networks were found to be densely connected. The networks showed more heterogeneity in network density and clustering coefficient when smaller time scales (6-h period and hourly) were applied. When contacts were defined with a MCD of 30 or 60 seconds, the total number of contacts seen in each network decreased, indicating that most of the contacts observed in our networks may have been transient passing contacts. For example, the total defined contacts for the 2017 native read rate network were 930,843 at 10 s MCD, 95,570 at 30 s MCD, and 19,135 at 60 s MCD. Though the same system was used for all three years, variation in average tag read rate was observed (range: 2.2 readings/min (2018) to 7.4 readings/min (2017)). When the networks were down-scaled from higher average tag read rates to match lower tag read rates, the full study networks maintained similar network density and clustering, though the average edge weight between pairs decreased. Overall, the networks created here from high-resolution spatial and temporal contact observation data provide estimates for a contact network within a commercial US feedlot pen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new web application for determining sample size in freedom-from-disease testing with imperfect tests 一个新的web应用程序，用于在不完善的测试中确定免于疾病测试的样本量。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106397

Darren Michael Green

Veterinary surveillance frequently requires study design for freedom-from-disease testing, specifying a sample size to balance higher statistical power with larger sample sizes against increased research and ethics costs, with the recognition that tests can generate false positive and negative results: i.e., tests exhibit imperfect sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we revisit the mathematics behind exact calculations of sample size in terms of the binomial and hypergeometric distributions, and present a new algorithm – implemented and available to use in R as a Shiny application with a graphical user interface – to determine sample size for practical situations. Often, sample size calculations are based upon simulations or approximations, but we show here that exact calculations are feasible. In addition, we relax the liberal assumption – which provides conservative sample-size estimates – that sensitivity and specificity are known exactly, and instead assume both are Beta distributed with known hyperparameters. The application presented here was originally designed as a learning tool for students and is now made available for wider use.

兽医监测经常要求设计免于疾病检测的研究，规定样本量，以便在样本量较大的较高统计能力与增加的研究和伦理成本之间取得平衡，同时认识到检测可能产生假阳性和阴性结果：即检测表现出不完美的敏感性和特异性。在本文中，我们重新审视了基于二项分布和超几何分布的精确计算样本大小背后的数学，并提出了一种新的算法——在R中实现并可用作带有图形用户界面的Shiny应用程序——来确定实际情况下的样本大小。通常，样本大小的计算是基于模拟或近似，但我们在这里表明，精确的计算是可行的。此外，我们放宽了提供保守样本大小估计的自由假设，即灵敏度和特异性是确切已知的，而是假设两者都是已知超参数的Beta分布。这里介绍的应用程序最初是作为学生的学习工具设计的，现在可供更广泛的使用。

{"title":"A new web application for determining sample size in freedom-from-disease testing with imperfect tests","authors":"Darren Michael Green","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Veterinary surveillance frequently requires study design for freedom-from-disease testing, specifying a sample size to balance higher statistical power with larger sample sizes against increased research and ethics costs, with the recognition that tests can generate false positive and negative results: i.e., tests exhibit imperfect sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we revisit the mathematics behind exact calculations of sample size in terms of the binomial and hypergeometric distributions, and present a new algorithm – implemented and available to use in <em>R</em> as a <em>Shiny</em> application with a graphical user interface – to determine sample size for practical situations. Often, sample size calculations are based upon simulations or approximations, but we show here that exact calculations are feasible. In addition, we relax the liberal assumption – which provides conservative sample-size estimates – that sensitivity and specificity are known exactly, and instead assume both are Beta distributed with known hyperparameters. The application presented here was originally designed as a learning tool for students and is now made available for wider use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

True prevalence and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. in goat populations in Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China: Progress toward disease elimination 中华人民共和国湖北省山羊群体布鲁氏菌抗体的真实流行率和空间分布：消除疾病的进展

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106414

Jie Pei , Yu Wang , Yanjun Zhou , Tao Huang , Jun Xie , Aizhen Guo , Yingyu Chen , Ian D. Robertson

Caprine brucellosis, mainly caused by Brucella melitensis, remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide, affecting animal productivity, welfare, and public health. This study aimed to estimate the true prevalence (TP) and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. among goat populations in Hubei Province, China. In 2021, approximately 1.4 million serum samples were collected from 23,126 goat flocks across 82 counties of 16 municipal regions of Hubei Province. A combination of the Rose Bengal Test and Serum Agglutination Test in series was used to detect antibodies against Brucella spp. A hierarchical Bayesian Latent Class Model was used to account for imperfect diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the tests, conditional dependence between the two tests, and hierarchical data structure to estimate the TP and the probability of achieving a 95 % probability of having a TP below 0.1 % for each county and municipal region. Apparent prevalence was 0.051 % and 0.536 % at the animal and flock level, respectively. The median animal level TP in the 82 counties was 0.0088 % (Range: 0.0008 %, 9.3730 %), with 76.8 % of counties showing a median TP estimate below 0.1 %. Counties containing positive goats were mainly clustered in Huanggang and Huangshi, and counties bordering positive counties had a higher risk of seropositivity. Notably, 52.4 % of counties achieved a 95 % probability with a TP below 0.1 %. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings across prior distributions. It was concluded that Hubei Province has achieved remarkable progress in caprine brucellosis elimination programs, and priority interventions should be given to positive counties and their bordering counties.

绵羊布鲁氏菌病主要由山羊布鲁氏菌引起，在世界范围内仍然是一种重大的人畜共患威胁，影响动物生产力、福利和公共卫生。本研究旨在了解湖北省山羊群体中布鲁氏菌抗体的真实流行率和空间分布。2021年，从湖北省16个市辖区82个县的23126只山羊群中采集了约140万份血清样本。采用玫瑰孟加拉试验和血清凝集试验的组合来检测布鲁氏菌抗体。采用分层贝叶斯潜类模型来解释检测的不完善的诊断敏感性和特异性，两种检测之间的条件依赖性，以及分层数据结构来估计TP和达到95% %的概率的概率TP低于0.1 %。动物和畜群水平的表观患病率分别为0.051 %和0.536 %。82个县的动物水平TP中位数为0.0088 %（范围：0.0008 %,9.3730 %），其中76.8% %的县TP中位数估计值低于0.1 %。阳性山羊县主要集中在黄冈市和黄石，与阳性县接壤的县血清阳性风险较高。值得注意的是，52.4 %的县实现了95 %的概率，TP低于0.1 %。敏感性分析证实了这些发现在先前分布中的稳健性。结论认为，湖北省在消除山羊布鲁氏菌病方面取得了显著进展，应优先对阳性县及其周边县进行干预。

{"title":"True prevalence and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. in goat populations in Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China: Progress toward disease elimination","authors":"Jie Pei , Yu Wang , Yanjun Zhou , Tao Huang , Jun Xie , Aizhen Guo , Yingyu Chen , Ian D. Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caprine brucellosis, mainly caused by <em>Brucella melitensis</em>, remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide, affecting animal productivity, welfare, and public health. This study aimed to estimate the true prevalence (TP) and spatial distribution of antibodies to <em>Brucella</em> spp. among goat populations in Hubei Province, China. In 2021, approximately 1.4 million serum samples were collected from 23,126 goat flocks across 82 counties of 16 municipal regions of Hubei Province. A combination of the Rose Bengal Test and Serum Agglutination Test in series was used to detect antibodies against <em>Brucella</em> spp. A hierarchical Bayesian Latent Class Model was used to account for imperfect diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the tests, conditional dependence between the two tests, and hierarchical data structure to estimate the TP and the probability of achieving a 95 % probability of having a TP below 0.1 % for each county and municipal region. Apparent prevalence was 0.051 % and 0.536 % at the animal and flock level, respectively. The median animal level TP in the 82 counties was 0.0088 % (Range: 0.0008 %, 9.3730 %), with 76.8 % of counties showing a median TP estimate below 0.1 %. Counties containing positive goats were mainly clustered in Huanggang and Huangshi, and counties bordering positive counties had a higher risk of seropositivity. Notably, 52.4 % of counties achieved a 95 % probability with a TP below 0.1 %. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings across prior distributions. It was concluded that Hubei Province has achieved remarkable progress in caprine brucellosis elimination programs, and priority interventions should be given to positive counties and their bordering counties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling mycobacterial infections in Brazilian swine: Insights from epidemiological and diagnostic studies 揭示巴西猪分枝杆菌感染：来自流行病学和诊断研究的见解。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106404

Allice Braga , Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli , Vinícius da Rosa Fanfa , Rogério de Oliveira Rodrigues , Alice Faé , Gabriela Ramos , Rafaella Cristina Morais , Sidia Maria Callegari-Jacques , Cristine Cerva , Fabiana Quoos Mayer

Stringent sanitary standards are imperative for swine production, ensuring high biosecurity and safe meat. However, granulomatous lesions, often detected as “lymphadenitis” in slaughterhouses, lack routine laboratory examination, potentially overlooking tuberculosis among other etiologies. This study aimed to: (i) explore epidemiological variables linked to swine carcasses condemned due to “tuberculosis” or “lymphadenitis” in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil in a retrospective survey; and (ii) evaluate the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in granulomatous lymphadenitis lesions. Epidemiological data from the public surveillance system including farm origin, slaughter location, season, producer type and the inspection scope, were evaluated by their association with the occurrence of animal transport guides (ATG) with at least one animal condemned due to lymphadenitis or tuberculosis. For the prospective study, tissue samples from 118 animals with granulomatous lymphadenitis lesions were examined through histopathology and bacterial isolation. The frequency of ATG with at least one carcass condemned due to lymphadenitis or tuberculosis was 2.27 % and 0.027 % respectively. The factors associated with lymphadenitis were slaughter location, origin, producer type, and inspection scope (state or municipal). However, no significant risk factors emerged for tuberculosis in multivariable analysis. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous lymphadenitis in 44.92 % of lymph nodes, and M. tuberculosis var. bovis was isolated in 2.54 % of cases. Although the tuberculosis frequency (0.002 %) was low, it surpassed federal inspection data (<0.001 %), evidencing that laboratory diagnosis should be considered in such lesions. This study underscores the need for improved diagnostic routine in slaughterhouses to enhance biosecurity and public health protection in the swine industry.

严格的卫生标准对养猪生产至关重要，以确保高生物安全性和安全的肉类。然而，肉芽肿性病变，通常在屠宰场被发现为“淋巴结炎”，缺乏常规的实验室检查，可能会忽视结核病和其他病因。本研究旨在：(i)通过回顾性调查，探索与巴西南部巴西大德州因“结核病”或“淋巴结炎”而死亡的猪尸体相关的流行病学变量；（ii）评估肉芽肿性淋巴结炎病变中结核分枝杆菌的频率。根据来自公共监测系统的流行病学数据（包括农场来源、屠宰地点、季节、生产者类型和检查范围）与动物运输指南（ATG）中至少有一只动物因淋巴结炎或结核病而被谴责的情况的关系，对其进行了评估。在前瞻性研究中，通过组织病理学和细菌分离检查118只肉芽肿性淋巴结炎病变动物的组织样本。至少有1头胴体因淋巴结炎或结核而死亡的ATG发生率分别为2.27 %和0.027 %。与淋巴结炎相关的因素是屠宰地点、产地、生产者类型和检查范围（州或市）。然而，在多变量分析中没有发现显著的结核病危险因素。组织病理学证实肉芽肿性淋巴结炎占44.92 %，分离到牛结核分枝杆菌占2.54 %。虽然肺结核发病率（0.002 %）较低，但超过了联邦检查数据(

{"title":"Unveiling mycobacterial infections in Brazilian swine: Insights from epidemiological and diagnostic studies","authors":"Allice Braga , Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli , Vinícius da Rosa Fanfa , Rogério de Oliveira Rodrigues , Alice Faé , Gabriela Ramos , Rafaella Cristina Morais , Sidia Maria Callegari-Jacques , Cristine Cerva , Fabiana Quoos Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stringent sanitary standards are imperative for swine production, ensuring high biosecurity and safe meat. However, granulomatous lesions, often detected as “lymphadenitis” in slaughterhouses, lack routine laboratory examination, potentially overlooking tuberculosis among other etiologies. This study aimed to: (i) explore epidemiological variables linked to swine carcasses condemned due to “tuberculosis” or “lymphadenitis” in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil in a retrospective survey; and (ii) evaluate the frequency of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in granulomatous lymphadenitis lesions. Epidemiological data from the public surveillance system including farm origin, slaughter location, season, producer type and the inspection scope, were evaluated by their association with the occurrence of animal transport guides (ATG) with at least one animal condemned due to lymphadenitis or tuberculosis. For the prospective study, tissue samples from 118 animals with granulomatous lymphadenitis lesions were examined through histopathology and bacterial isolation. The frequency of ATG with at least one carcass condemned due to lymphadenitis or tuberculosis was 2.27 % and 0.027 % respectively. The factors associated with lymphadenitis were slaughter location, origin, producer type, and inspection scope (state or municipal). However, no significant risk factors emerged for tuberculosis in multivariable analysis. Histopathology confirmed granulomatous lymphadenitis in 44.92 % of lymph nodes, and <em>M. tuberculosis</em> var. bovis was isolated in 2.54 % of cases. Although the tuberculosis frequency (0.002 %) was low, it surpassed federal inspection data (<0.001 %), evidencing that laboratory diagnosis should be considered in such lesions. This study underscores the need for improved diagnostic routine in slaughterhouses to enhance biosecurity and public health protection in the swine industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Key farm characteristics associated with the level of antimicrobial use in rosé veal production – A Danish database study 与小牛肉生产中抗菌剂使用水平相关的关键农场特征——丹麦数据库研究。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106406

Jeanette Kristensen , Amanda Brinch Kruse , Anne Mette Hostrup Kjeldsen , Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen

Antimicrobial use (AMU) in veal production is high compared to other bovine production types and has been suggested as an area with potential for AMU reduction. High AMU is a public health concern due to its association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Identifying farm characteristics associated with AMU could provide valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to monitor and implement initiatives to reduce AMU. This study aimed at investigating farm characteristics associated with AMU in Danish rosé veal farms, which is the main veal production type in Denmark. The AMU and characteristics included were extracted from two Danish national databases; The Danish Central Husbandry Register (CHR) and the Danish Veterinary Medicines Statistics Program (VetStat). Characteristics included were farm size, mortality, number of suppliers, sites per farm, and farm-level composition of animals with regards to sex and breed. The 118 farms included in the study received 41 % of the total amount of antimicrobials prescribed for Danish calves and young stock in 2020 measured in Animal Daily Doses (ADD). A multivariable linear regression model with the annual average farm-level AMU as outcome was created. AMU was measured as ADD per 100 animals per day (ADD100) and square root-transformed in the model. Increasing farm size and number of suppliers and decreasing proportion of crossbred bulls were found to be significantly associated with higher AMU. However, proportion of crossbred bulls was correlated with proportion of females. Separating the effects of breed and sex was not possible, partly due to the highly summarised data structure. Mortality and number of sites were not significantly associated with AMU. Farms with the type “starter-farms” has previously been shown to have a higher AMU compared to other rosé veal farm types. An important finding in this study was that grouping multiple sites into farms by using ownership data made it possible to summarise AMU for the full line of production from arrival at the veal farm to exit for slaughter. The results and approaches from this paper present an opportunity for repeated evaluation of farm characteristics associated with AMU, which could be used to continuously adapt and target AMU monitoring and control. In addition, it is done on existing surveillance data which keeps the cost of the study low in terms of data collection and data management.

与其他牛生产类型相比，小牛肉生产中的抗菌素使用（AMU）很高，已被认为是一个有可能减少AMU的领域。高AMU是一个公共卫生问题，因为它与抗菌素耐药性（AMR）有关。确定与AMU相关的农场特征可以为寻求监测和实施减少AMU举措的利益相关者提供有价值的见解。本研究旨在调查丹麦小牛肉农场与AMU相关的农场特征，这是丹麦主要的小牛肉生产类型。AMU及其特征从两个丹麦国家数据库中提取；丹麦中央畜牧登记（CHR）和丹麦兽医统计计划（VetStat）。特征包括农场规模、死亡率、供应商数量、每个农场的地点以及动物在性别和品种方面的农场水平组成。研究中包括的118个农场在2020年接受了以动物日剂量（ADD）计算的丹麦犊牛和幼畜抗菌素处方总量的41% %。建立了以年平均农场水平AMU为结果的多变量线性回归模型。AMU以每100只动物每天的ADD （ADD100）来测量，并在模型中进行平方根变换。增加农场规模和供应商数量以及减少杂交公牛比例与较高的AMU显著相关。而杂交公牛的比例与雌性的比例呈正相关。将品种和性别的影响分开是不可能的，部分原因是高度汇总的数据结构。死亡率和位点数量与AMU无显著相关。与其他类型的小牛肉农场相比，“发酵剂农场”类型的农场先前已被证明具有更高的AMU。本研究的一个重要发现是，通过使用所有权数据将多个地点分组为农场，可以总结从到达小牛肉农场到离开屠宰的整条生产线的AMU。本文的结果和方法为重复评估与AMU相关的农场特征提供了机会，这些特征可用于持续适应和定向AMU监测和控制。此外，它是在现有的监测数据上完成的，这使得研究在数据收集和数据管理方面的成本很低。

{"title":"Key farm characteristics associated with the level of antimicrobial use in rosé veal production – A Danish database study","authors":"Jeanette Kristensen , Amanda Brinch Kruse , Anne Mette Hostrup Kjeldsen , Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial use (AMU) in veal production is high compared to other bovine production types and has been suggested as an area with potential for AMU reduction. High AMU is a public health concern due to its association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Identifying farm characteristics associated with AMU could provide valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to monitor and implement initiatives to reduce AMU. This study aimed at investigating farm characteristics associated with AMU in Danish rosé veal farms, which is the main veal production type in Denmark. The AMU and characteristics included were extracted from two Danish national databases; The Danish Central Husbandry Register (CHR) and the Danish Veterinary Medicines Statistics Program (VetStat). Characteristics included were farm size, mortality, number of suppliers, sites per farm, and farm-level composition of animals with regards to sex and breed. The 118 farms included in the study received 41 % of the total amount of antimicrobials prescribed for Danish calves and young stock in 2020 measured in Animal Daily Doses (ADD). A multivariable linear regression model with the annual average farm-level AMU as outcome was created. AMU was measured as ADD per 100 animals per day (ADD100) and square root-transformed in the model. Increasing farm size and number of suppliers and decreasing proportion of crossbred bulls were found to be significantly associated with higher AMU. However, proportion of crossbred bulls was correlated with proportion of females. Separating the effects of breed and sex was not possible, partly due to the highly summarised data structure. Mortality and number of sites were not significantly associated with AMU. Farms with the type “starter-farms” has previously been shown to have a higher AMU compared to other rosé veal farm types. An important finding in this study was that grouping multiple sites into farms by using ownership data made it possible to summarise AMU for the full line of production from arrival at the veal farm to exit for slaughter. The results and approaches from this paper present an opportunity for repeated evaluation of farm characteristics associated with AMU, which could be used to continuously adapt and target AMU monitoring and control. In addition, it is done on existing surveillance data which keeps the cost of the study low in terms of data collection and data management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of ketosis using radial basis function neural network in dairy cattle farming 基于径向基函数神经网络的奶牛酮症预测。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106410

Edyta A. Bauer , Wojciech Jagusiak

The purpose of the paper was to apply an Artificial Neural Networks with Radial Basis Function to develop an application model for diagnosing a subclinical ketosis type I and II in dairy cattle. While building the neural network model, applied methodology was compatible to the procedures used in Data Mining processes. The data set was created based on the composition of milk samples of 1520 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The milk samples were collected during test-day milkings and made available by Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Milk Producers. The milk composition parameters were used as the input variables for RBF network models. The value of the output variable was determined based on the content of β-hydroxybutyric acid in blood of cows. In the next stage of the work, the qualities of the pre-selected models were compared and the best ones were chosen. The sensitivity and specificity as well as the size of the AUC (Area Under the Curve) under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) were taken as the main criteria for network models evaluation. The model characterized by sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 0.71 and AUC of 0.89 was selected for ketosis type I. The optimal for ketosis type II showed the sensitivity and specificity 0.81 and 0.75, respectively, and the size of AUC above 0.85. Chosen models were recorded using the predictive modelling markup language (PMML) for data mining models to be shared and used between the different applications.

本文旨在应用径向基函数人工神经网络建立奶牛亚临床酮病I型和II型诊断的应用模型。在构建神经网络模型的过程中，所采用的方法与数据挖掘过程中使用的程序相适应。该数据集是基于1520头波兰荷尔斯泰因-弗里西亚奶牛的牛奶样本组成而创建的。牛奶样品是在测试日挤奶期间收集的，并由波兰牛饲养者和牛奶生产者联合会提供。将牛奶成分参数作为RBF网络模型的输入变量。根据奶牛血液中β-羟基丁酸的含量确定输出变量的值。在下一阶段的工作中，对预选模型的质量进行比较，选出最好的模型。以受试者工作特征（ROC）下曲线下面积（AUC）的大小、敏感性和特异性作为评价网络模型的主要标准。对于酮症i型，选择敏感性为0.86，特异性为0.71，AUC为0.89的模型。对于酮症II型，最优模型的敏感性和特异性分别为0.81和0.75，AUC大小在0.85以上。使用预测建模标记语言（PMML）记录所选模型，以便在不同应用程序之间共享和使用数据挖掘模型。

{"title":"Prediction of ketosis using radial basis function neural network in dairy cattle farming","authors":"Edyta A. Bauer , Wojciech Jagusiak","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the paper was to apply an Artificial Neural Networks with Radial Basis Function to develop an application model for diagnosing a subclinical ketosis type I and II in dairy cattle. While building the neural network model, applied methodology was compatible to the procedures used in Data Mining processes. The data set was created based on the composition of milk samples of 1520 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The milk samples were collected during test-day milkings and made available by Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Milk Producers. The milk composition parameters were used as the input variables for RBF network models. The value of the output variable was determined based on the content of β-hydroxybutyric acid in blood of cows. In the next stage of the work, the qualities of the pre-selected models were compared and the best ones were chosen. The sensitivity and specificity as well as the size of the AUC (Area Under the Curve) under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) were taken as the main criteria for network models evaluation. The model characterized by sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 0.71 and AUC of 0.89 was selected for ketosis type I. The optimal for ketosis type II showed the sensitivity and specificity 0.81 and 0.75, respectively, and the size of AUC above 0.85. Chosen models were recorded using the predictive modelling markup language (PMML) for data mining models to be shared and used between the different applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Veal calves management in Québec, Canada: Part II. Association between passive immunity transfer at arrival and average daily gain

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106441

Abdelmonem Abdallah , David Francoz , Julie Berman , Simon Dufour , Sébastien Buczinski

The average daily gain (ADG) of veal calves is an important outcome to monitor for veal producers to maximize profitability. Transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is of paramount importance in dairy and beef calves. There is little information available that examine the relationship between TPI and ADG of veal calves in Québec. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of arrival risk factors associated with lower ADG in milk and grain-fed veal calves in Québec. Between October 2017 and December 2018, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 59 batches of milk- and grain-fed veal calves in different geographic locations in Québec, Canada (n = 1729 calves). After arrival, thirty calves per batch were randomly sampled for estimating TPI using the Brix refractometer (serum threshold < 8.4 % for inadequate TPI). Throughout the production cycle, all health records of each batch of calves were extracted and used to quantify individual- and group-level risk factors. After the elaboration of a causal diagram using directed acyclic graphs, ADG was modelled through linear mixed models (LMMs) as function of categorical variables (individual inadequate TPI, arrival season, purchasing sites, and weights at purchase) and a continuous contextual variable (proportion of inadequate TPI in the batch). Also, the impact of morbidity (treated vs non treated) on ADG was investigated through linear regression model. Because performance and health data are typically underreported in commercial settings, data missingness was identified as a potential concern. Therefore, multiple imputation models were used. A total of 1084 calves had Brix % < 8.4 % giving a prevalence of 62.7 % of inadequate TPI. Individual calves with inadequate TPI gained 0.02 kg/d less than those with adequate TPI. Batch-level inadequate TPI prevalence was not associated with ADG difference in the sampled calves. Calves arriving to the facility during summer gained 80 g/d less than those arriving during fall. Calves treated at least once with antibiotic had lowered ADG by 7.2 kg throughout the production cycle compared to untreated calves. In conclusion, this study suggests that individual-level inadequate TPI assessed upon arrival in the facility, arrival season, and antibiotic treatments during the production cycle are associated with lowered ADG in veal calves.

{"title":"Veal calves management in Québec, Canada: Part II. Association between passive immunity transfer at arrival and average daily gain","authors":"Abdelmonem Abdallah , David Francoz , Julie Berman , Simon Dufour , Sébastien Buczinski","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The average daily gain (ADG) of veal calves is an important outcome to monitor for veal producers to maximize profitability. Transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is of paramount importance in dairy and beef calves. There is little information available that examine the relationship between TPI and ADG of veal calves in Québec. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of arrival risk factors associated with lower ADG in milk and grain-fed veal calves in Québec. Between October 2017 and December 2018, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 59 batches of milk- and grain-fed veal calves in different geographic locations in Québec, Canada (n = 1729 calves). After arrival, thirty calves per batch were randomly sampled for estimating TPI using the Brix refractometer (serum threshold < 8.4 % for inadequate TPI). Throughout the production cycle, all health records of each batch of calves were extracted and used to quantify individual- and group-level risk factors. After the elaboration of a causal diagram using directed acyclic graphs, ADG was modelled through linear mixed models (LMMs) as function of categorical variables (individual inadequate TPI, arrival season, purchasing sites, and weights at purchase) and a continuous contextual variable (proportion of inadequate TPI in the batch). Also, the impact of morbidity (treated vs non treated) on ADG was investigated through linear regression model. Because performance and health data are typically underreported in commercial settings, data missingness was identified as a potential concern. Therefore, multiple imputation models were used. A total of 1084 calves had Brix % < 8.4 % giving a prevalence of 62.7 % of inadequate TPI. Individual calves with inadequate TPI gained 0.02 kg/d less than those with adequate TPI. Batch-level inadequate TPI prevalence was not associated with ADG difference in the sampled calves. Calves arriving to the facility during summer gained 80 g/d less than those arriving during fall. Calves treated at least once with antibiotic had lowered ADG by 7.2 kg throughout the production cycle compared to untreated calves. In conclusion, this study suggests that individual-level inadequate TPI assessed upon arrival in the facility, arrival season, and antibiotic treatments during the production cycle are associated with lowered ADG in veal calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of antibiotic usage against Streptococcus suis in weaner pigs in the Netherlands between 2017 and 2021 2017年至2021年期间荷兰断奶猪抗猪链球菌抗生素使用情况的定量分析

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106400

Anita Dame-Korevaar , Chretien Gielen , Jobke van Hout , Martijn Bouwknegt , Lluís Fabà , Manouk Vrieling

Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen that can cause severe disease in the post-weaning period. As there are no commercial vaccines available in the Netherlands, antibiotic treatment is often necessary to control disease. S. suis is regarded as one of the major causes of antibiotic prescription in weaned pigs, but scientific studies supporting this claim with quantitative data are lacking. The aim of this study was to obtain insight in, and to quantify usage of, antibiotics against S. suis in weaner pigs at sow farms in the Netherlands. Three sources of data were used, including 1) total antibiotic usage in weaner pigs in the Netherlands, as yearly reported by the Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute (SDa), and estimates from 2) pig veterinarians and 3) pig farmers on the relative amount of antibiotics prescribed against S. suis, via questionnaires. Information from the SDa on the total amount of antibiotic usage was combined with the estimates of the veterinarians to estimate the antibiotic usage against S. suis in weaner pigs. Our study shows that ∼90 % of the total amount of amoxicillin (AMOX) and ampicillin (AMPI) prescribed in weaner pigs is used for treatment of disease caused by S. suis (S. suis disease). Of all orally prescribed antibiotics against S. suis, AMOX comprises 85 % of the total absolute usage expressed by the mean defined daily dosage per animal farm (3.2 – 5.4 mean DDDA_F). Furthermore, veterinarians reported that at farms with structural S. suis disease problems second choice antibiotics (AMOX, AMPI) are more often prescribed than at farms with incidental S. suis disease. All together, we estimated that S. suis disease accounts for about 1/3rd of the total antibiotic usage in weaner pigs. This study is the first to quantify antibiotic usage against S. suis in weaner pigs and shows that S. suis is a hotspot of antibiotic usage. This underlines the severity and relevance of S. suis disease and the need for alternative control measures.

猪链球菌是一种重要的猪病原体，可在断奶后引起严重疾病。由于荷兰没有商业疫苗，抗生素治疗通常是控制疾病所必需的。猪链球菌被认为是断奶仔猪抗生素处方的主要原因之一，但缺乏定量数据支持这一说法的科学研究。本研究的目的是了解并量化荷兰猪场断奶猪中抗猪链球菌抗生素的使用情况。使用了三个数据来源，包括：1)荷兰兽医研究所（SDa）每年报告的荷兰断奶猪抗生素总使用量，以及2)养猪兽医和3)养猪户通过问卷调查估计的猪链球菌抗生素处方相对量。来自SDa的抗生素使用总量信息与兽医的估计相结合，以估计断奶猪中猪链球菌的抗生素使用情况。我们的研究表明，断奶猪处方中阿莫西林（AMOX）和氨苄西林（AMPI）总量的约90 %用于治疗猪链球菌病（S. suis disease）引起的疾病。在所有针对猪链球菌的口服抗生素中，AMOX占每个动物养殖场平均限定日剂量表示的绝对总使用量的85% %（平均DDDAF 3.2 - 5.4）。此外，兽医报告说，在有结构性猪链球菌疾病问题的农场，第二选择抗生素（AMOX， AMPI）比在偶发猪链球菌疾病的农场更常被开处方。总之，我们估计猪链球菌病约占断奶猪抗生素总使用量的三分之一。本研究首次量化了猪链球菌在断奶猪中的抗生素使用情况，表明猪链球菌是抗生素使用的热点。这强调了猪链球菌病的严重性和相关性，以及采取替代控制措施的必要性。

{"title":"Quantification of antibiotic usage against Streptococcus suis in weaner pigs in the Netherlands between 2017 and 2021","authors":"Anita Dame-Korevaar , Chretien Gielen , Jobke van Hout , Martijn Bouwknegt , Lluís Fabà , Manouk Vrieling","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus suis</em> is an important pig pathogen that can cause severe disease in the post-weaning period. As there are no commercial vaccines available in the Netherlands, antibiotic treatment is often necessary to control disease. <em>S. suis</em> is regarded as one of the major causes of antibiotic prescription in weaned pigs, but scientific studies supporting this claim with quantitative data are lacking. The aim of this study was to obtain insight in, and to quantify usage of, antibiotics against <em>S. suis</em> in weaner pigs at sow farms in the Netherlands. Three sources of data were used, including 1) total antibiotic usage in weaner pigs in the Netherlands, as yearly reported by the Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Institute (SDa), and estimates from 2) pig veterinarians and 3) pig farmers on the relative amount of antibiotics prescribed against <em>S. suis</em>, via questionnaires. Information from the SDa on the total amount of antibiotic usage was combined with the estimates of the veterinarians to estimate the antibiotic usage against <em>S. suis</em> in weaner pigs. Our study shows that ∼90 % of the total amount of amoxicillin (AMOX) and ampicillin (AMPI) prescribed in weaner pigs is used for treatment of disease caused by <em>S. suis</em> (<em>S. suis</em> disease). Of all orally prescribed antibiotics against <em>S. suis</em>, AMOX comprises 85 % of the total absolute usage expressed by the mean defined daily dosage per animal farm (3.2 – 5.4 mean DDDA<sub>F</sub>). Furthermore, veterinarians reported that at farms with structural <em>S. suis</em> disease problems second choice antibiotics (AMOX, AMPI) are more often prescribed than at farms with incidental <em>S. suis</em> disease. All together, we estimated that <em>S. suis</em> disease accounts for about 1/3rd of the total antibiotic usage in weaner pigs. This study is the first to quantify antibiotic usage against <em>S. suis</em> in weaner pigs and shows that <em>S. suis</em> is a hotspot of antibiotic usage. This underlines the severity and relevance of <em>S. suis</em> disease and the need for alternative control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Industry stakeholders attitudes and beliefs about tail biting and docking in pigs – A case study in Switzerland and Spain

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106444

Andrea Knörr , Xiao Zhou , Angela Bearth , Beatriz Garcia-Morante , Carla Correia-Gomes , Joaquim Segalés , Thomas Echtermann , Michael Siegrist

Background

Tail docking is still widely used in major European pig-producing countries despite efforts to ban it. The present study aimed to understand the attitudes and beliefs of pig farming professionals in Spain and Switzerland regarding tail biting and tail docking. For this, n = 275 Swiss, and n = 87 Spanish participants completed an online questionnaire regarding the issue of tail biting and docking in pigs and their attitudes and beliefs.

Results

Spanish participants predominantly kept docked pigs (n = 70, 80 %), whereas Swiss participants kept undocked pigs (n = 271, 99 %). While tail biting occurrences in the last two years were reported by most participants (n = 301, 83 %), the attitudes towards them differed: Spanish participants found the management of tail biting more challenging than Swiss participants. In addition, Spanish participants considered welfare to be better for docked pigs than for undocked pigs, whereas Swiss participants perceived the welfare of undocked pigs to be better. Similarly, Spanish participants showed a strong perception of lower production risks for docked pigs than for undocked pigs, a perception that could not be found in Swiss participants. Overall, Swiss participants saw more advantages in keeping long-tailed pigs and more possibilities to prevent tail biting than Spanish participants.

Conclusions

The results suggest that Spanish pig-farming professionals’ attitudes towards tail docking are dominated by the conviction that docking is a necessity that lowers production risks and ensures animal welfare. Future efforts attempting to enforce the prohibition on tail docking should not only attempt to overcome structural barriers, but also focus on communicating with and changing the perceptions of pig farming professionals. By tackling the reluctance to try non-docking, producers can gain more experience and confidence with raising long-tailed pigs. To create sustainable changes in tail-docking practices, in addition to optimising the environment for pigs, communication should focus on changing attitudes and reducing risk perceptions.

{"title":"Industry stakeholders attitudes and beliefs about tail biting and docking in pigs – A case study in Switzerland and Spain","authors":"Andrea Knörr , Xiao Zhou , Angela Bearth , Beatriz Garcia-Morante , Carla Correia-Gomes , Joaquim Segalés , Thomas Echtermann , Michael Siegrist","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tail docking is still widely used in major European pig-producing countries despite efforts to ban it. The present study aimed to understand the attitudes and beliefs of pig farming professionals in Spain and Switzerland regarding tail biting and tail docking. For this, <em>n</em> = 275 Swiss, and <em>n</em> = 87 Spanish participants completed an online questionnaire regarding the issue of tail biting and docking in pigs and their attitudes and beliefs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spanish participants predominantly kept docked pigs (<em>n</em> = 70, 80 %), whereas Swiss participants kept undocked pigs (<em>n</em> = 271, 99 %). While tail biting occurrences in the last two years were reported by most participants (n = 301, 83 %), the attitudes towards them differed: Spanish participants found the management of tail biting more challenging than Swiss participants. In addition, Spanish participants considered welfare to be better for docked pigs than for undocked pigs, whereas Swiss participants perceived the welfare of undocked pigs to be better. Similarly, Spanish participants showed a strong perception of lower production risks for docked pigs than for undocked pigs, a perception that could not be found in Swiss participants. Overall, Swiss participants saw more advantages in keeping long-tailed pigs and more possibilities to prevent tail biting than Spanish participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results suggest that Spanish pig-farming professionals’ attitudes towards tail docking are dominated by the conviction that docking is a necessity that lowers production risks and ensures animal welfare. Future efforts attempting to enforce the prohibition on tail docking should not only attempt to overcome structural barriers, but also focus on communicating with and changing the perceptions of pig farming professionals. By tackling the reluctance to try non-docking, producers can gain more experience and confidence with raising long-tailed pigs. To create sustainable changes in tail-docking practices, in addition to optimising the environment for pigs, communication should focus on changing attitudes and reducing risk perceptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0