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Refining estimation of antimicrobial use at national level: A quantitative surveillance study processing data from the Swiss national reporting system 在国家层面上对抗菌药物使用的改进估计:一项处理瑞士国家报告系统数据的定量监测研究
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106738
Lena Fleischer , Jens Becker , Dolf Kümmerlen
Antimicrobials are frequently used in livestock, but imprudent antimicrobial use (AMU) has raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance and animal welfare. Recently, the Swiss government has established the national reporting system “Information System of Antimicrobials in Veterinary Medicine” (IS ABV) to monitor AMU. This study used IS ABV data to calculate AMU of finisher pigs and dairy cattle across 1500 farms using two different indicators. We calculated treatment incidence (TI, in defined daily doses [DDD] per animal and year), and number of treated animals per 1000 animals per day (NoTrA) at the population (_P) and at the farm (_F) level. For finisher pigs, at the population level, we estimated 0.74 DDD/finisher pig/year and 8.65 treated finisher pigs/1000 finisher pigs/day, with antimicrobials mainly prescribed on stock and administered parenterally. Median TI_F for finisher pigs was 0.05 DDD/finisher pig/year (1st quartile: 0.0; 3rd quartile: 0.54). For dairy cattle, at the population level, we estimated 6.09 DDD/cow/year and 13.23 treated cows/1000 cows/day, with most treatments being administered by intramammary route. Median TI_F for dairy cattle was 5.21 (2.73; 8.36). Penicillins were the most frequently used antimicrobial class for both production categories. This is the first study to calculate AMU using IS ABV data including prescriptions on stock in its calculations, underlining its potential for standardized data collection and comprehensive AMU estimation. While AMU in finisher pigs and dairy cattle aligns with Swiss guidelines for prudent use, concerns remain over prescriptions on stock due to insufficient recorded information. This highlights the need for improved data recording.
抗菌素经常用于牲畜,但不谨慎的抗菌素使用(AMU)引起了对抗菌素耐药性和动物福利的关注。最近,瑞士政府建立了国家报告系统“兽医抗菌素信息系统”(IS ABV)来监测AMU。本研究使用IS ABV数据,使用两种不同的指标计算了1500个农场的育肥猪和奶牛的AMU。我们在种群(_P)和养殖场(_F)水平上计算了治疗发生率(TI,以每只动物和年的限定日剂量[DDD]计算)和每天每1000只动物的治疗动物数(NoTrA)。对于育肥猪,在种群水平上,我们估计每头育肥猪/年的DDD为0.74,处理过的育肥猪/1000头/天的DDD为8.65,抗菌剂主要在猪群中使用,并通过肠道给药。育肥猪的TI_F中位数为0.05 DDD/育肥猪/年(第1四分位数:0.0;第3四分位数:0.54)。在奶牛种群水平上,我们估计DDD为6.09 /头/年,处理奶牛为13.23 /1000头/天,大多数处理方式为乳内处理。奶牛的TI_F中位数为5.21(2.73;8.36)。在这两个生产类别中,青霉素是最常用的抗菌药物。这是第一个使用is ABV数据计算AMU的研究,包括在其计算中对库存的处方,强调其标准化数据收集和综合AMU估计的潜力。虽然育肥猪和奶牛的AMU符合瑞士谨慎使用指南,但由于记录信息不足,对库存处方的担忧仍然存在。这突出了改进数据记录的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative assessment of biosecurity practices in conventional broiler farms in Punjab, Pakistan 巴基斯坦旁遮普省传统肉鸡养殖场生物安全措施的定量评估
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106736
Qamer Mahmood , Ilias Chantziaras , Shafique Ur Rehman , Mudassar Nazar , Jeroen Dewulf
Biosecurity is the basis for animal disease prevention and a key factor in achieving a sustainable poultry production, particularly in Pakistan's rapidly expanding broiler industry. However, the extent of on-farm biosecurity implementation remains largely unquantified, making it essential to conduct an objective assessment to guide targeted interventions. To address this gap, this study evaluated biosecurity practices on 100 conventional broiler farms in Punjab, Pakistan, using the Biocheck.UGent scoring tool. The resulting biosecurity scores were then analyzed in relation to key farm management practices and antimicrobial use (AMU). Biosecurity practices varied across farms with overall scores ranging from 30 % to 75 % (mean: 49 %). External biosecurity was weaker (27 %–76 %, mean: 44 %) than internal biosecurity (34 %–83 %, mean: 55 %). Highly implemented external measures included farm location (scores 73 %) and infrastructure (scores 72 %), while manure and carcass removal (scores 9 %) were poorly implemented. Internal biosecurity showed strengths in disease management (scores 76 %) but weaknesses in cleaning and disinfection (scores 47 %). Overall biosecurity scores correlated positively with farm manager experience (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.01) and farm size (ρ = 0.21, p = 0.04), indicating stronger biosecurity on farms with experienced personnel and larger teams. A negative correlation was found between AMU and overall biosecurity (r = -0.20, p = 0.04), external biosecurity (r = -0.20, p = 0.04), and internal biosecurity (r = -0.15, p = 0.12), suggesting that in farms with better biosecurity less antimicrobials are used. These findings highlight that biosecurity in Pakistan’s broiler sector requires major improvements, particularly in areas such as manure and carcass disposal, cleaning and disinfection, and depopulation of broilers. Strengthening these specific measures will help enhance farm productivity, improve disease prevention, and reduce reliance on antimicrobials.
生物安全是动物疾病预防的基础,也是实现可持续家禽生产的关键因素,特别是在巴基斯坦迅速发展的肉鸡业中。然而,农场生物安全实施的程度在很大程度上仍未量化,因此必须进行客观评估以指导有针对性的干预措施。为了解决这一差距,本研究利用Biocheck对巴基斯坦旁遮普省100个传统肉鸡养殖场的生物安全做法进行了评估。UGent评分工具。然后分析所得的生物安全得分与关键农场管理实践和抗菌药物使用(AMU)的关系。各个农场的生物安全措施各不相同,总体得分从30 %到75 %不等(平均值:49 %)。外部生物安全性(27 % ~ 76 %,平均值:44 %)弱于内部生物安全性(34 % ~ 83 %,平均值:55 %)。高度执行的外部措施包括农场位置(得分73 %)和基础设施(得分72 %),而粪便和胴体清除(得分9 %)执行不力。内部生物安全在疾病管理方面表现出优势(得分76 %),但在清洁和消毒方面表现出劣势(得分47 %)。总体生物安全得分与农场管理者经验(ρ = 0.39, p = 0.01)和农场规模(ρ = 0.21, p = 0.04)呈正相关,表明经验丰富的人员和更大的团队的农场生物安全更强。阿姆河和整体之间的负相关被发现生物安全(r = -0.20,p = 0.04),外部生物安全(r = -0.20,p = 0.04),和内部生物安全(r = -0.15,p = 0.12),表明在农场更好的生物安全更少使用抗菌素。这些发现突出表明,巴基斯坦肉鸡行业的生物安全需要重大改进,特别是在粪肥和胴体处理、清洁和消毒以及肉鸡种群减少等领域。加强这些具体措施将有助于提高农业生产力,改善疾病预防,减少对抗微生物药物的依赖。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of age on the excretion of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), the causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), in naturally infected sheep. 年龄对羊疱疹病毒-2 (OvHV-2)排泄的影响,OvHV-2是恶性卡他性热(MCF)的病原体。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106638
Mohammad Rahim Haji Hajikolaei, Masoud Reza Seyfi Abad Shapouri, Tara Tahmasbi, Maryam Faghani, Shoroush Hasanpour, Hamzeh Ghobadian Diali

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is one of the most important viral diseases affecting cattle and buffaloes. One of the viruses associated with this disease is ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), which is responsible for sheep-associated MCF. Sheep serve as the reservoir host for OvHV-2, transmitting the virus susceptible species such as buffaloes and cattle. Virus shedding in sheep is thought to be age-dependent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate OvHV-2 infection in sheep and determine the age at which virus excretion occurs. For this purpose, 191 female sheep from four suburbs of Ahvaz were studied. The studied sheep were female and according to incisors teeth formula divided into six age groups; 3-< 6, 6-< 12 months to 1, 2, 3,and ≥ 4 years. Blood and nasal swab samples were taken from each animal. Buffy coats were removed from the blood samples, and DNA extraction were performed from buffy coats and swab sample. Semi-nested PCR was used to detect OvHV-2 DNA. The PCR results showed that 89.5 % of blood samples and 78.5 % of nasal swabs were positive for OvHV-2. Nasal excretion of the virus was observed across all ages groups, though the frequency varied with age. A significant correlation was found between presence of virus in blood and detection of virus in nasal swap samples. In conclusion, sheep of all ages are capable to excretion OvHV-2 through nasal secretion, posing a risk of infecting susceptible animals.

恶性卡他热(MCF)是影响牛和水牛的最重要的病毒性疾病之一。与该疾病相关的病毒之一是羊疱疹病毒2 (OvHV-2),它是绵羊相关MCF的罪魁祸首。绵羊是OvHV-2的宿主,传播水牛和牛等病毒易感物种。绵羊体内的病毒脱落被认为与年龄有关。因此,本研究旨在研究绵羊的OvHV-2感染,并确定病毒排泄发生的年龄。为此,对阿瓦士四个郊区的191只母羊进行了研究。研究对象为母羊,按门牙配方分为6个年龄组;3 -
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引用次数: 0
Veterinary assessment of periodontitis disease risk in dogs: A multi-country survey of clinical decision-making 犬牙周炎风险的兽医评估:多国临床决策调查
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106735
Ciaran O’Flynn , Harriet Wright , Tom Williams , Zack Ellerby
Despite affecting most dogs, periodontal disease is routinely underdiagnosed, with detection often occurring only after irreversible damage has occurred. Understanding how veterinarians assess periodontitis risk is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. This study explored risk factor evaluation and ranking by surveying 462 veterinary practitioners across five countries. Participants from general practice and dental specialty backgrounds assessed canine periodontitis risk through clinical vignettes and direct factor ratings. Despite anticipated differences between specialists and generalists, and between geographic regions, practitioners demonstrated consistent risk assessment approaches. Brachycephalic head shape ranked as the highest-weighted risk factor in all groups, followed by age and breed size, with smaller and older dogs consistently receiving higher risk ratings. Clinical presentations showed clear risk gradients, with tooth mobility and gum recession indicating highest risk, whilst bleeding gums alone signalled moderate risk elevation. Preventative care routines demonstrated perceived protective effects, with regular brushing providing greatest benefit, though practitioners recognised partial compliance as significantly protective compared to no preventative oral hygiene. Risk factor prioritisation aligned closely with epidemiological evidence, suggesting effective knowledge translation from research into clinical practice. Practitioners demonstrated an integrative approach to clinical reasoning, combining multiple factors holistically rather than additively. The study generated the first comprehensive data set of veterinary periodontitis risk assessment, providing evidence-based evaluations across specialisations and geographic regions for further analysis. The consistency of risk evaluations supports developing standardized assessment tools whilst highlighting the need for improved owner education to bridge the gap between professional knowledge and prevention outcomes.
尽管影响到大多数狗,但牙周病通常被诊断不足,通常只有在发生不可逆转的损伤后才会被发现。了解兽医如何评估牙周炎风险对于制定有效的预防策略至关重要。本研究通过对5个国家的462名兽医从业人员进行调查,探讨了风险因素评估和排名。来自一般实践和牙科专业背景的参与者通过临床小短文和直接因素评级来评估犬牙周炎的风险。尽管专家和通才之间以及地理区域之间存在预期的差异,但从业人员展示了一致的风险评估方法。在所有组中,短头畸形的头部形状是权重最高的风险因素,其次是年龄和品种大小,体型较小和年龄较大的狗始终获得更高的风险评级。临床表现显示出明显的风险梯度,牙齿活动和牙龈萎缩表明风险最高,而牙龈出血单独表明风险中度升高。预防性护理程序显示出可感知的保护作用,定期刷牙提供最大的益处,尽管从业人员认识到部分遵守与没有预防性口腔卫生相比具有显着的保护作用。风险因素的优先排序与流行病学证据密切相关,表明从研究到临床实践的有效知识转化。从业人员展示了临床推理的综合方法,将多个因素综合起来,而不是相加。该研究产生了第一个兽医牙周炎风险评估的综合数据集,为进一步分析提供了跨专业和跨地理区域的循证评估。风险评估的一致性支持开发标准化评估工具,同时强调需要改进业主教育,以弥合专业知识和预防结果之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impact of behaviour change intervention strategies on the biosecurity knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pig producers in New South Wales, Australia. 评估行为改变干预策略对澳大利亚新南威尔士州养猪生产者生物安全知识、态度和做法的影响。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106636
J Manyweathers, J Rees, L Hayes, N Schembri, V J Brookes, M Hernandez-Jover

Biosecurity legislation in New South Wales is based upon a 'shared responsibility' framework with all stakeholders playing a role in protecting the pig industry. Government and industry bodies face challenges in supporting pig owners to adopt protective biosecurity measures, particularly within the industry's smallholder (non-commercial) sector. This study is part of a government-university project to improve biosecurity management planning and emergency animal disease preparedness among pig owners and producers in New South Wales. An evaluation of the impact of behaviour change strategies co-designed by industry and government to support smallholder pig producers/owners in strengthening biosecurity practices was conducted, using a baseline (186 respondents) and endline (77 respondents) comparison, with interviews adding depth of understanding about the impact of the interventions. Responses indicated a low level of exposure to the targeted engagement strategies overall, suggesting that distribution pathways used were ineffective in reaching the target audience. Those who reported exposure to the interventions were more likely (P < 0.05) to report a recent improvement on biosecurity practices than those who not exposed. Despite this positive impact, there was no significant difference between biosecurity practices of survey populations between the two surveys. Overall, the level of biosecurity implementation was low. The risk posed by poor biosecurity uptake, particularly by the non-commercial sectors, remains significant. Future engagement strategy design must use routes to engage all sectors of the industry more effectively - for example, by addressing interests, identities, and values, followed by comprehensive evaluation to achieve the most effective distribution of interventions within the non-commercial sector.

新南威尔士州的生物安全立法基于“共同责任”框架,所有利益相关者都在保护养猪业中发挥作用。政府和行业机构在支持养猪户采取保护性生物安全措施方面面临挑战,特别是在养猪业的小农(非商业)部门。这项研究是一个政府-大学项目的一部分,该项目旨在改善新南威尔士州养猪户和生产者的生物安全管理规划和应急动物疾病准备。通过基线(186名应答者)和终点(77名应答者)比较,通过访谈加深了对干预措施影响的理解,对行业和政府共同设计的行为改变战略的影响进行了评估,以支持小户养猪生产者/所有者加强生物安全实践。调查结果显示,用户对目标用户参与策略的总体了解程度较低,这表明所使用的分销途径在接触目标用户方面是无效的。那些报告暴露于干预措施的人更有可能(P
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引用次数: 0
Mitigating between-farm disease transmission through simulating vehicle rerouting and enhanced cleaning and disinfection protocols. 通过模拟车辆改道和加强清洁和消毒方案,减轻农场间疾病传播。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106650
Jason A Galvis, Cesar A Corzo, Gustavo Machado

The role of contaminated vehicles and the effectiveness of preventive strategies, such as cleaning and disinfection (C&D), in spreading infectious diseases among commercial swine farms under field conditions remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to reduce the risk of between-farm disease transmission through vehicle contacts by rerouting vehicles while considering C&D events and effectiveness. Vehicles were ranked based on specific criteria, including disease status of visited farms, vehicle contact network communities, C&D events, and shipment time efficiency. The rerouting system showed that, even when C&D was utterly inefficient, it reduced up to 42 % of the contacts between infected and uninfected farms via vehicle movements and 17 % of the total number of interactions between farms from distinct network communities. The rerouting efficacy increased with a C&D effectiveness of 100 %, reducing up to 100 % contacts between infected and uninfected farms and between farms from distinct network communities. Despite the potential benefit of preventing disease dissemination between the farms, the rerouting system increased by up to 81 % in C&D events and up to 54 % in distance traveled per vehicle. Ultimately, we have demonstrated that a rerouting vehicle system holds potential as an additional strategic tool for preventing and controlling the spread of diseases among farms through vehicle movements; however, given the additional time and effort required, its cost-benefit will depend on the severity of the disease being mitigated.

污染车辆的作用和预防策略的有效性,如清洁和消毒(C&D),在野外条件下在商业养猪场传播传染病的作用,在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。本研究的目的是在考虑C&D事件和有效性的同时,通过改变车辆路线,降低农场间通过车辆接触传播疾病的风险。车辆根据具体标准进行排名,包括访问农场的疾病状况、车辆联系网络社区、C&D事件和运输时间效率。重新路由系统表明,即使在C&D完全没有效率的情况下,它也减少了42. %的感染农场和未感染农场之间通过车辆移动的接触,减少了17. %的不同网络社区农场之间的互动总数。重新路由的有效性增加了100% %的C&D有效性,将感染农场和未感染农场之间以及不同网络社区的农场之间的接触减少了100% %。尽管在养殖场之间预防疾病传播具有潜在的好处,但在C&D事件中,重新路由系统增加了高达81% %,每辆车行驶的距离增加了高达54% %。最后,我们已经证明,车辆改道系统具有作为预防和控制疾病通过车辆移动在农场传播的额外战略工具的潜力;然而,鉴于需要额外的时间和努力,其成本效益将取决于所减轻疾病的严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
Egocentric characterisation of the swine trade network in Cambodia and implications for disease surveillance and control 柬埔寨生猪贸易网络的自我中心特征及其对疾病监测和控制的影响。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106724
William T.M. Leung , Guillaume Fournié , Phalla Miech , Ty Chhay , Arata Hidano , Hannah Holt , Sina Vor , Sokchea Huy , Son Pov , Sothyra Tum , Monidarin Chou , Yvonne C.F. Su , Gavin J.D. Smith , James W. Rudge
Across Southeast Asia, enhanced characterisation of pig value chains is needed to understand disease risk pathways and inform control and surveillance strategies. This study defined a typology of value chain actors in Cambodia and characterised their individual, ‘egocentric’, swine trade networks. Questionnaire-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted between May 2020 and April 2022 in four south-central provinces, sampling ‘egos’ via a multi-stage cluster design. We describe networks of 376 egos involving 4705 trade partners (‘alters’) and 669,363 pigs over six months.
Five producer types were identified: company-affiliated large breeding (n = 21) and growing farms (n = 68), independent breeding- (n = 104) and growing-oriented smallholders (n = 77), and boar service providers (BSP; n = 19). Three pig-exchanger types were also identified: ‘traders’ (n = 11), ‘middlemen’ (n = 12), and ‘butchers’ (n = 51).
Network analysis revealed BSP, middlemen, and large breeding farms as ‘brokers’ with many in- and outgoing trade links with producers, increasing their potential for pathogen introduction and onward transmission. Logistic regression supported this risk-profiling: compared to breeding-oriented smallholders, BSP had 8.1 times greater odds (95 % CI: 2.4–27.8) of high pig mortality risk (≥5 % of herd size), while large breeding farms had 6.0 times greater odds (95 % CI: 2.0–18.6) than large growing farms. Large breeding farms supplied pigs to all producer types including smallholders and BSPs (1 % of their aggregate supply), underscoring their dissemination potential. Middlemen and BSP connected otherwise weakly connected smallholders, highlighting opportunities for targeted disease-control. Slaughterhouses acted as network ‘sinks’, receiving pigs from smallholders and farms associated with different companies, making them key targets for disease surveillance. Large farms transported pigs the furthest distances (median >40 km; max >120 km) while smallholders mostly traded pigs locally (median <5 km; max 114 km).
This study demonstrates the value of egocentric sampling for livestock network characterisation and contributes to the limited knowledgebase on swine trade networks in Southeast Asia.
在整个东南亚,需要加强猪价值链的特征,以了解疾病风险途径,并为控制和监测战略提供信息。本研究定义了柬埔寨价值链参与者的类型,并描述了他们个人的“以自我为中心”的猪贸易网络。在2020年5月至2022年4月期间,在四个中南部省份进行了基于问卷的横断面调查,通过多阶段聚类设计对“自我”进行抽样。我们描述了376个自我的网络,涉及4705个贸易伙伴(“改变者”)和669,363头猪。五个生产者类型被确定:附属公司大型繁殖(n = 21)和农场(n = 68)增长,独立繁殖- (n = 104)和growing-oriented小农(n = 77),和野猪服务提供商(BSP; n = 19)。还确定了三种猪交换类型:“交易商”( = 11),“中间商”( = 12)和“屠夫”( = 51)。网络分析显示,BSP、中间商和大型养殖场作为“中间商”,与生产者有许多内外贸易联系,增加了病原体引入和传播的可能性。Logistic回归支持这一风险分析:与以养殖为导向的小农相比,BSP的猪高死亡风险(≥5 %的猪群规模)的几率(95 % CI: 2.4-27.8)是大型养殖场的8.1倍,而大型养殖场的几率(95 % CI: 2.0-18.6)是大型养殖场的6.0倍。大型养殖场向包括小农和BSPs在内的所有生产者类型提供生猪(占其总供应量的1% %),强调了其传播潜力。中间商和BSP将原本联系薄弱的小农联系起来,突出了有针对性的疾病控制的机会。屠宰场充当了网络“水槽”,接收来自小农和与不同公司有关联的农场的猪,使它们成为疾病监测的关键目标。大型猪场运输生猪的距离最远(中位数为40 公里;最大值为120 公里),而小农主要在当地交易生猪(中位数为110公里)
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a data-driven tool to monitor youngstock rearing in dairy herds: Perception by its users and validation of improvement options. 评估一种数据驱动的工具,用于监测奶牛群的幼畜饲养:用户的看法和改进方案的验证。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106637
Anouk M B Veldhuis, Henriëtte Brouwer-Middelesch, Nienke Paarlberg, Angela Deterink, Thomas Dijkstra, Lourens Heres, Debora Smits, Thijs Poll, Sabine Stoelinga, Inge Santman-Berends

Since 2018, dairy farmers in the Netherlands have access to a census data-driven tool to monitor calf rearing quality, called "KalfOK". Participants (N ≈ 12,000; 95 % of the population of dairy farms) receive a quarterly farm report with a score ranging between 0 and 100 points. The score is built on points graded for the value of 12 indicators for youngstock rearing quality (e.g. 'percentage of live births'). This study aimed to validate KalfOK's performance to distinguish farms with either reduced or excellent calf health, by the assessment of 205 farm visits by independent veterinarians. In a second part of the study, KalfOK was evaluated by means of a questionnaire amongst 324 randomly selected dairy farmers. They were surveyed on their experiences with KalfOK and suggestions for improvement. Feasible suggestions were included in a scenario analysis to quantify the impact of these proposed changes on the performance of KalfOK. Results showed that KalfOK's sensitivity to distinguish farms with very high calf rearing quality is 83.3 % (95 % CI: 36-100), with a corresponding specificity of 63.8 % (95 % CI: 55-72). The sensitivity to detect farms with supposedly low calf rearing quality was estimated to be 83.3 % (95 % CI: 36-100), with corresponding specificity of 75.6 % (95 % CI: 67-83). Surveyed farmers made a number of suggestions for improvement of KalfOK related to alternative calculation of health indicators, such as adapting the temporal unit used for calculating indicators from quarterly to annually, and clemency in the event of perinatal mortality of twin/triplet calves. Scenario analyses revealed that such alternatives, perceived by farmers as improvement options, are not always in their interest as they either lead to lower scores or they reduce KalfOK's performance in distinguishing high and low performing farms. Results also revealed that about 50 % of the dairy farmers do not actively use the tool in their calf rearing management. This means that in order to improve uptake of KalfOK by farmers, substantial communication efforts should be made to change farmer's perceptions of KalfOK by emphasizing the tool's possibilities, limitations and added value.

自2018年以来,荷兰的奶农可以使用人口普查数据驱动的工具来监测小牛的饲养质量,称为“KalfOK”。参与者(N ≈ 12000;95% (占奶牛场人口的%)每季收到一份评分在0到100分之间的农场报告。该分数是根据12个幼畜饲养质量指标(如:“活产百分比”)。本研究旨在通过独立兽医对205个农场的访问评估,验证KalfOK的表现,以区分小牛健康状况较差或良好的农场。在研究的第二部分,通过随机选择324名奶农进行问卷调查来评估KalfOK。他们被调查了使用KalfOK的经验和改进建议。可行的建议被纳入情景分析,以量化这些拟议的变化对KalfOK绩效的影响。结果表明,KalfOK识别犊牛质量非常高的养殖场的敏感性为83.3 %(95 % CI: 36-100),特异性为63.8 %(95 % CI: 55-72)。检测小牛饲养质量低的农场的灵敏度估计为83.3 %(95 % CI: 36-100),相应的特异性为75.6% %(95 % CI: 67-83)。被调查的农民提出了一些关于改善KalfOK的建议,这些建议涉及健康指标的替代计算,例如将用于计算指标的时间单位从季度改为每年,以及在双胞胎/三胞胎小牛围产期死亡的情况下予以宽大处理。情景分析显示,这些被农民视为改进方案的替代方案并不总是符合他们的利益,因为它们要么导致较低的分数,要么降低了KalfOK在区分高绩效和低绩效农场方面的表现。结果还显示,约50% %的奶农在小牛饲养管理中不积极使用该工具。这意味着,为了提高农民对卡尔福克的吸收,应该通过强调工具的可能性、局限性和附加价值,做出实质性的沟通努力,改变农民对卡尔福克的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Biosecurity for all: Creating biosecurity plans for swine exhibitors based on secure pork supply templates 所有人的生物安全:根据安全的猪肉供应模板,为生猪参展商制定生物安全计划。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106731
Marissa Hall, Andreia G. Arruda, Magnus R. Campler, Jacqueline M. Nolting
The risk of a foreign animal disease coming into the United States and threatening the swine industry necessitates the need for enhanced biosecurity plans to mitigate risks to premises. Although most biosecurity information is aimed and created for larger producers and isn’t appropriate for smaller producers, such as swine exhibitors. Swine exhibitors are a niche group who raise swine differently than large producers and travel extensively with their animals. This study sought out to; develop a SPS plan template adapted from the SPS framework that would be suitable for swine exhibitors’ biosecurity features; describe basic demographics and existence of biosecurity plan (and their features) for the target population; and investigate the association between having a previous biosecurity plan on site and demographic factors (number of pigs, type of housing, presence of other animal species in the premise and geographical region) as well as potential exposure to feral swine under their current housing conditions. These objectives were accomplished by attending twelve swine exhibitions within a year and a half to assist 161 individuals in the creation of personalized biosecurity plans for their premises, while obtaining additional study data. This study found no significant relationship between demographic factors and previously having a biosecurity plan, but that only 31.8 % of participants had previous biosecurity plans on their premise. However, swine exhibitors with existing biosecurity plans had more than 3-fold higher odds of acknowledging housing conditions with potential of feral swine contact compared to swine exhibitors without preexisting biosecurity plans. These findings indicate the need for additional efforts to assist swine exhibitors in creating biosecurity plans at shows across the United States.
外来动物疾病进入美国并威胁养猪业的风险需要加强生物安全计划,以减轻对养猪场的风险。尽管大多数生物安全信息是针对大型生产者创建的,并不适合小型生产者,如养猪参展商。养猪参展商是一个小众群体,他们养猪的方式与大型生产商不同,并且经常带着他们的动物旅行。这项研究的目的是;根据SPS框架制定适合生猪参展商生物安全特点的SPS计划模板;描述目标人群的基本人口统计和生物安全计划的存在(及其特征);并调查先前的现场生物安全计划与人口因素(猪的数量、猪舍类型、猪舍中其他动物物种的存在和地理区域)以及在当前猪舍条件下可能接触到野猪之间的关系。这些目标是通过在一年半的时间内参加12次养猪展览来实现的,帮助161个人为他们的养猪场制定个性化的生物安全计划,同时获得额外的研究数据。本研究发现人口因素与以前有生物安全计划之间没有显著的关系,但只有31.8% %的参与者在他们的前提下有以前的生物安全计划。然而,与没有预先存在生物安全计划的猪参展商相比,有现有生物安全计划的猪参展商承认有可能接触到野猪的住房条件的几率高出3倍以上。这些发现表明,需要额外的努力来帮助养猪参展商在美国各地的展会上制定生物安全计划。
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引用次数: 0
An epidemiological study on the prevalence and associated risk factors of infectious bronchitis virus in poultry farms in northern Vietnam 越南北部家禽养殖场传染性支气管炎病毒流行率及相关危险因素的流行病学研究
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106734
Do Duy Hoa , Bui Van Dung , Nguyen Hoai Nam , Nguyen Duc Truong , Nguyen Van Phuong , Dan Ngo The , Tran Thi Duc Tam , Pham Thi Lan Huong , Ha Xuan Bo , Le Van Truong , Le Van Phan , Mai Thi Ngan
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a major respiratory pathogen of economic concern in the poultry industry. This study investigated the farm-level prevalence of IBV and evaluated associated risk factors in northern Vietnam by a cross-sectional study from June 2022 to June 2024. A total of 69 poultry farms were randomly selected across nine provinces, and pooled tracheal swab samples were purposively collected for IBV detection using RT-qPCR. The overall IBV farm-level prevalence was 34.78 % (95 % CI:23.71–47.21 %). Although no statistically significant differences were found across provinces, production types, age groups, or flock sizes, IBV was detected in all subgroups, indicating widespread circulation of the virus. A total of 22 potential risk factors were initially assessed using univariate logistic regression. Of these, six variables with P < 0.1, including farm size, number of poultry houses, presence of multiple age groups, vaccination at day-old, frequency of disinfection before chick placement, and proximity to live bird markets and residential areas, were selected for multivariable logistic regression. The final multivariable model retained two independent predictors: performing more than one disinfection before chick placement (P = 0.035), and administration of a live IB vaccine at one day of age (P = 0.006), both of which were significantly associated with reduced the odds of IBV infection at the farm level. These findings suggest that strategic vaccination and careful calibration of disinfection protocols are critical to minimizing IBV transmission at the farm level.
传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)仍然是家禽业经济关注的主要呼吸道病原体。本研究从2022年6月至2024年6月通过横断面研究调查了越南北部农场水平的IBV患病率,并评估了相关的危险因素。随机选取9个省69个家禽养殖场,有目的地收集气管拭子样本,采用RT-qPCR检测IBV。总体IBV农场水平患病率为34.78 %(95 % CI:23.71 ~ 47.21 %)。虽然在各省、生产类型、年龄组或畜群大小之间没有发现统计学上的显著差异,但在所有亚组中都检测到IBV,表明该病毒广泛传播。采用单变量logistic回归对22个潜在危险因素进行初步评估。其中,有6个变量P
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引用次数: 0
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Preventive veterinary medicine
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