Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献_第3页

Relative accuracy of point-of-care tests to rule-in heartworm infection in clinically suspected dogs using Bayesian latent class modelling 使用贝叶斯潜类建模的临床疑似犬的心丝虫感染的点护理测试的相对准确性

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106783

P.J. Atkinson , C. Quimby , A. Datt , T.D. Nielsen , C.G.B. Caraguel

Our prospective cross-sectional survey of dogs from Western Fiji aimed to evaluate the fitness of common diagnostic test modalities to rule-in Dirofilaria immitis infection in patients with suggestive clinical history or signs. In the absence of a perfect reference standard, we used latent class modelling to evaluate the relative diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care (POC) detection modalities – the modified Knott’s test (MKT) to detect circulating microfilaria and four antigen lateral flow immunoassays (LFI): Anigen Rapid Canine HW Ag Test® (Bionote Co.), SNAP® Heartworm RT Test (IDEXX Laboratories), trūRapid Heartworm (Heska), WITNESS Dirofilaria® (Zoetis Inc.). The tests’ fitness for ruling-in infection were compared using the likelihood ratios of a positive result (LR⁺). The performances of the MKT and the Anigen Rapid LFI to rule-in infection on fresh blood of clinically suspected dogs were moderate to strong (LR⁺=13.4, 95 %PCI: 6.7–114.6; LR⁺=20.2, 95 %PCI: 5.4–138.2; respectively) but not consistently different from each other. The Anigen Rapid, SNAP and truRapid tests consistently provided the strongest evidence to rule-in infection. The LR⁺ of the WITNESS test was approximately twelve times, nine times and two times lower than the SNAP, truRapid and Anigen Rapid LFIs respectively (Bayesian p-value 0.002, 0.004 and 0.02 respectively). Overall, a positive result from MKT or LFIs is suitable to rule-in infection in dogs raising clinical suspicion and would increase the post-test probability of infection similarly. If veterinarians are choosing between LFIs, they should favour either Anigen Rapid, SNAP and truRapid over WITNESS.

我们对来自斐济西部的狗进行前瞻性横断面调查，目的是评估常见诊断测试方式对有提示病史或体征的患者的免疫丝虫感染的适应性。在缺乏完善参考标准的情况下，我们使用潜在类别建模来评估两种即时检测（POC）检测方式的相对诊断准确性——用于检测循环微丝虫病的改良Knott试验（MKT）和四种抗原侧流免疫测定（LFI）： Anigen Rapid Canine HW Ag test®（Bionote Co.）、SNAP®Heartworm RT test （IDEXX Laboratories）、trūRapid Heartworm （Heska）、WITNESS Dirofilaria®（Zoetis Inc.）。使用阳性结果的似然比（LR+）比较试验对感染的适用性。MKT和Anigen Rapid LFI对临床疑似犬新鲜血液感染的表现均为中强（LR+=13.4, 95 %PCI: 6.7-114.6; LR+=20.2, 95 %PCI: 5.4-138.2），但差异不一致。Anigen Rapid、SNAP和trurrapid检测始终为规则感染提供最有力的证据。WITNESS试验的LR+分别比SNAP、trurrapid和Anigen Rapid lfi低约12倍、9倍和2倍（贝叶斯p值分别为0.002、0.004和0.02）。总的来说，MKT或lfi的阳性结果适用于引起临床怀疑的犬的常规感染，并且同样会增加检测后感染的概率。如果兽医在lfi之间进行选择，他们应该选择Anigen Rapid、SNAP和trurrapid，而不是WITNESS。

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引用次数: 0

Frequency and risk factors of dogwalk incidents and injuries in agility dogs 敏捷犬遛狗事故及伤害的频率及危险因素。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106771

Leena Inkilä, Anna Boström, Heli K. Hyytiäinen

Approximately 5–12 % of agility dog injuries occur on the dogwalk, according to survey studies. The rate of falls and injuries related to dogwalk exposure is unknown. Here, a two-part retrospective online survey was conducted to collect data on dogwalk incidents and injuries in 1603 Finnish agility dogs (232 included in both parts) over the six months preceding participation in the study. Data was collected before and after a competition regulation update affecting dogwalk approaches. Risk factors were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models. Fall(s) from the dogwalk were reported in 15.2 % of responses, close call(s) in 30.1 % and injury secondary to dogwalk incident in 3.7 % during six months. There were estimated 2.6 falls (95 % CI 2.4–2.9) and 0.6 injuries (95 % CI 0.4–0.7) per 1000 dogwalks (n = 1538). Among incidents, 5 % (86/1705) resulted in an injury. Significant risk factors for falls and/or other incidents included higher wither height (OR 1.33–1.74 per 10 cm) and greater exposure to the dogwalk (OR 1.03–1.06 per 10 dogwalks) (n = 452 to n = 1308). Age (OR 0.77–0.87 per year) and dogs’ higher competition level were significant protective factors for falls and/or other incidents (n = 452 to n = 1308). Border Collies (OR 2.73, p = 0.004), taller dogs (OR 1.43 per 10 cm, p = 0.033) and dogs of inexperienced handlers (p = 0.003) had an increased odds of injury (n = 1308). Reduction in the incidence after the regulation update was not detected. The current dogwalk poses a risk to agility dogs’ welfare, requiring further scientific studies to investigate safety improvements.

根据调查研究，大约5- 12% %的敏捷犬受伤发生在遛狗时。与遛狗相关的跌倒和受伤率尚不清楚。在这里，进行了一项两部分的回顾性在线调查，收集了1603只芬兰敏捷犬（两部分包括232只）在参与研究前六个月内遛狗事件和受伤的数据。数据收集之前和之后的竞争法规更新影响狗走方法。采用多因素logistic回归模型评价危险因素。在6个月内，因遛狗而跌倒的应答者占15.2% %，因近距离接触而受伤的应答者占30.1% %，因遛狗而受伤的应答者占3.7 %。每1000次遛狗（n = 1538）估计有2.6次跌倒（95 % CI 2.4-2.9）和0.6次受伤（95 % CI 0.4-0.7）。在事故中，5 %（86/1705）导致了伤害。跌倒和/或其他事件的重要危险因素包括更高的萎缩高度（or 1.33-1.74 / 10 cm）和更多的遛狗暴露（or 1.03-1.06 / 10遛狗）（n = 452至n = 1308）。年龄（OR 0.77-0.87 /年）和狗较高的竞技水平是跌倒和/或其他事件的显著保护因素（n = 452至n = 1308）。边境牧羊犬(0.004或2.73,p = ),高狗(每10 厘米或1.43,p = 0.033)和狗的经验处理程序(p = 0.003)的几率增加了损伤(n = 1308)。未检测到法规更新后发病率的降低。目前的遛狗对敏捷犬的福利构成了威胁，需要进一步的科学研究来调查安全性的改善。

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引用次数: 0

Demographics of free-roaming dogs in Guwahati, India: Assessing population characteristics and comparing population size estimation methods 印度古瓦哈蒂自由流浪狗的人口统计：评估种群特征和比较种群大小估计方法

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106773

Laura Cunha Silva , Parimala Mohanty , Reda Zahri , Salome Dürr , Harish Kumar Tiwari

India has the highest global burden of rabies, accounting for approximately 35 % of all human rabies deaths worldwide with free-roaming dogs (FRDs) playing a critical role in the spread of the disease. While several studies have assessed FRD demographics in India, none have focused on Northeast India, particularly Assam. This study 1) characterizes FRD demographics in two urban settings in Guwahati, Assam, 2) estimates FRD populations using Program MARK’s Huggin's heterogeneity models and the Application SuperDuplicates (AS), and 3) evaluates AS as a resource effective alternative to Huggin's heterogeneity models for population estimation. Photographic capture-recapture surveys were conducted in two distinct locations in Guwahati: a market area without defined boundaries and a gated university campus. We detected 183 and 141 unique FRDs at the market and campus sites, respectively. The FRD in the market area were significantly younger, exhibited lower sterilization rates, and tended to be in poorer physical condition compared to those in the campus area; differences in body condition and collar presence were not statistically significant. Population estimates using Huggin's heterogeneity models revealed a FRD population size of 252 individuals (using the Chao estimator in the Huggin’s model) at the market site, while campus estimates varied between 161 during morning transects and 153 during evening transects (using the Jackknife estimator) and with morning and evening combined (using the Chao estimator) of 164 FRD. The AS estimated 246 FRD in the market and 178 on campus. Since the AS only requires data from two transect surveys, all possible survey combinations were built to estimate the FRD population size via AS and over 70 % similarity was observed between all these AS estimates compared to Huggin's heterogeneity model results. Within the same urban setting, variations free-roaming dog population characteristics and estimates across study sites were likely based on differences in local environmental and socio-spatial factors. Application SuperDuplicates showed to be a reliable, efficient alternative to Huggin's heterogeneity models for estimating FRD populations, with compatibility above the 70 % threshold whilst requiring information from two surveys only.

印度是全球狂犬病负担最重的国家，约占全世界所有人类狂犬病死亡人数的35% %，而自由漫游的狗在疾病传播中发挥了关键作用。虽然有几项研究评估了印度的FRD人口统计数据，但没有一项研究关注印度东北部，特别是阿萨姆邦。本研究1)分析了阿萨姆邦古瓦哈提两个城市的FRD人口特征，2)使用Program MARK的Huggin异质性模型和应用超级重复（AS）估计FRD人口，3)评估AS作为人口估计的Huggin异质性模型的资源有效替代方案。在Guwahati的两个不同地点进行了摄影捕捉-再捕捉调查：一个没有明确边界的市场区域和一个封闭的大学校园。我们在市场和校园分别检测到183和141个独特的frd。与校园区相比，市场区FRD明显年轻化，杀菌率较低，体质较差；身体状况和领圈存在的差异无统计学意义。使用Huggin的异质性模型进行的种群估计显示，在市场现场，FRD的种群规模为252个（使用Huggin模型中的Chao估计器），而校园内的FRD种群规模在早上样带的161个和晚上样带的153个（使用Jackknife估计器）之间变化，早晚结合（使用Chao估计器）有164个FRD。AS估计市场上有246个FRD，校园里有178个。由于AS只需要来自两个样带调查的数据，因此建立了所有可能的调查组合来通过AS估计FRD种群规模，与Huggin的异质性模型结果相比，所有这些AS估计之间的相似性超过70% %。在相同的城市环境中，不同研究地点的自由流浪狗种群特征和估计值的变化可能是基于当地环境和社会空间因素的差异。应用superduplicate被证明是一种可靠、有效的替代Huggin的异质性模型来估计FRD种群，其兼容性高于70% %的阈值，同时只需要两次调查的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Use of dogs trained to search for wild boar carcasses in passive surveillance as the most effective tool to control the spread of African swine fever in Poland 在被动监测中使用经过训练的狗来搜索野猪尸体是控制非洲猪瘟在波兰传播的最有效工具。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106784

Mateusz Kruszyński , Magdalena Larska , Beata Banaszak , Jadwiga Świlak , Patryk Tarka , Zygmunt Pejsak , Małgorzata Juszkiewicz , Grzegorz Woźniakowski

The most effective proactive measures to combat the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and mitigate the financial losses associated with its spread to pig farms is to minimise its transmission within the wild boar population. The aim of the study was to compare traditional human ground search with alternative methods using specially trained detection dogs, hunting dogs and drones in locating and removing wild boar carcasses as the main source of ASFV infection. Most of wild boar carcasses 397 out of 400 (99.2 %) were found by the trained search dogs, while other 3 were located using hunting dogs. Also, the efficiency of carcass retrieval with hunting dogs was much lower than with trained dogs with 0.002 versus 2.08 ASFV RT-PCR positive WB carcasses found per search. Searches with drones, humans or mixed method were found unsuccessful. The search efficiency using dogs trained for this purpose was on average more than two and a half times higher than the values determined by the EFSA ASF exit strategy developed using the wild boar approach. The carcass retrieval by search dogs was associated with ASF seasonality in wild boar in the central Europe, however, was not affected by the harsher conditions of winter months. This is particularly important due to the ASFV ability to survive in low temperatures. The study revealed also local variation in the sampling efforts which could have affected effectivity of ASF passive surveillance. To our knowledge, the presented research is the first attempt to evaluate the use of dogs to locate wild boar carcasses as a key element of passive surveillance in ASF control.

与非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）作斗争并减轻其向猪场传播所造成的经济损失的最有效的主动措施是尽量减少其在野猪种群中的传播。该研究的目的是比较传统的人类地面搜索与使用经过特殊训练的探测犬、猎犬和无人机的替代方法，以定位和清除野猪尸体作为ASFV感染的主要来源。400具野猪尸体中有397具（99.2 %）是由训练有素的搜寻犬发现的，而其他3具是由猎犬找到的。此外，猎犬的尸体检索效率远低于训练犬，每次检索发现的ASFV RT-PCR阳性尸体为0.002只，而训练犬为2.08只。使用无人机、人工或混合方法进行搜索均未成功。为此目的而训练的狗的搜索效率平均比欧洲食品安全局使用野猪方法制定的非洲猪瘟出口战略确定的值高出2.5倍以上。在中欧，搜寻犬的尸体检索与野猪ASF的季节性有关，但不受冬季严酷条件的影响。由于非洲猪瘟病毒在低温下存活的能力，这一点尤为重要。该研究还揭示了取样工作的地方差异，这可能会影响非洲猪瘟被动监测的有效性。据我们所知，这项研究是首次尝试评估利用狗来定位野猪尸体作为非洲猪瘟控制被动监测的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning-based detection of subclinical and clinical ketosis in Holstein cows using sensor data during the transition period 基于机器学习的过渡时期荷斯坦奶牛亚临床和临床酮症检测

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106769

Eunjeong Jeon , Jongkyoo Kim , Mooyoung Jung , Jihwan Lee , Donghyeon Kim , Seungmin Ha

Ketosis, a metabolic disorder in dairy cows, poses a risk of substantial economic losses, particularly when it progresses to clinical forms. Previous prediction models relied on smart farming data and binary classification, without incorporating risk factors such as calf birth weight. Therefore, we aimed to develop a multiclass classification model to differentiate non- (NK), subclinical (SCK), and clinical (CK) ketosis in Holstein cows by integrating behavioral indicators, cow-specific traits, and environmental variables. We hypothesized that integrating these diverse data sources would improve the ability of the model to accurately classify ketosis severity during the transition period. A total of 132 Holsteins were monitored for 21 d after calving using automatic monitoring (HR-TAG). Input features included activity, rumination time, calving age, calf birth weight, and calving season. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured at eight time points, and cows were classified into NK (<1.2 mmol/L), SCK (1.2–2.9 mmol/L), or CK (≥3.0 mmol/L) groups based on the highest BHBA value recorded across the sampling period. Five machine-learning algorithms—K-nearest neighbors, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)—were trained on 70 % of the dataset and optimized using 10-fold cross-validation, and final model performance was evaluated on the remaining 30 % test set. XGBoost performed best, achieving an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, kappa, and an area under the curve of 0.959, 0.935, 0.966, 0.951, 0.918, and 0.950, respectively. Feature importance analysis identified calving age, calf birth weight, and calving season as key predictors for ketosis severity. These results demonstrate that sensor-based behavioral traits, together with cow-specific characteristics and environmental factors, enable accurate classification of ketosis severity and support the application of precision dairy technologies for early detection and tailored herd management.

酮症是奶牛的一种代谢紊乱，尤其当它发展成临床形式时，会造成巨大的经济损失。以前的预测模型依赖于智能农业数据和二元分类，没有考虑小牛出生体重等风险因素。因此，我们旨在建立一个多类别分类模型，通过综合行为指标、奶牛特异性性状和环境变量来区分荷斯坦奶牛的非（NK）、亚（SCK）和临床（CK）酮症。我们假设整合这些不同的数据源将提高模型在过渡时期准确分类酮症严重程度的能力。采用自动监测（HR-TAG）对132头荷斯坦奶牛进行产犊后21 d的监测。输入特征包括活动、反刍时间、产犊年龄、小牛出生体重和产犊季节。在8个时间点测量血液中β-羟基丁酸浓度，并根据采样期间记录的最高BHBA值将奶牛分为NK组（<1.2 mmol/L）、SCK组（1.2 ~ 2.9 mmol/L）和CK组（≥3.0 mmol/L）。五种机器学习算法——k近邻、决策树、随机森林、支持向量机和极端梯度增强（XGBoost）——在70% %的数据集上进行训练，并使用10倍交叉验证进行优化，最后在剩余的30% %的测试集上评估模型的性能。XGBoost表现最佳，其准确度、灵敏度、特异性、F-measure、kappa和曲线下面积分别为0.959、0.935、0.966、0.951、0.918和0.950。特征重要性分析确定产犊年龄、小牛出生体重和产犊季节是酮症严重程度的关键预测因素。这些结果表明，基于传感器的行为特征，以及奶牛的特定特征和环境因素，可以准确分类酮症的严重程度，并支持精确乳制品技术的应用，以早期发现和定制牛群管理。

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引用次数: 0

Using herd frailty estimates from survival models in a mortality-based syndromic surveillance system 在以死亡率为基础的综合征监测系统中，利用生存模型估算种群脆弱程度。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106785

Jaden M. Carlson , T. Brendan Murphy , Luke O’Grady , Jonas Brock , Maria P. Guelbenzu-Gonzalo , David A. Graham , Guy McGrath , Jamie A. Tratalos , Rafael de Andrade Moral , Niamh Mimnagh , Niamh L. Field , John F. Mee , Damien J. Barrett , Elizabeth A. Lane , Conor G. McAloon

Syndromic surveillance, which monitors clinical or production data as potential indicators of disease, can complement existing diagnostic testing strategies for a more comprehensive surveillance system. Consistently recorded mortality data with established identification and traceability routes across cattle sectors could be useful indicators to monitor in a syndromic surveillance system. Ireland is progressing toward the eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus following a programme initiated in 2013 to identify and remove calves that test positive for BVD. As the country prepares for BVD-free status under the EU Animal Health Law, stakeholders must consider strategies to detect possible re-emergence. Historical data from the eradication programme provides a unique opportunity to evaluate mortality-based syndromic surveillance for this purpose. This study aimed to develop a syndromic surveillance model based on calf mortality data and evaluate its use for early detection of BVD re-emergence in Ireland. For years 2014 through 2023, mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models were built using calf mortality up to 100 days of age. Herd-level frailty estimates were extracted from these models for each year, which were then clustered to identify subgroups of herds with distinct temporal patterns in herd-level mortality hazard. Four separate thresholds were used to flag herds with increased calf mortality hazard. Overall, these flags demonstrated high specificity (86–92 %) but low sensitivity (11–22 %) for herd-level BVD status, suggesting that this approach alone would not reliably detect BVD re-emergence. Nonetheless, this method could support Ireland’s ability to achieve and sustain BVD-free status while providing valuable insights for similar surveillance efforts more broadly. This methodology is adaptable to other species, diseases, and syndromes, making it a versatile tool for animal health surveillance.

综合征监测监测临床或生产数据，作为疾病的潜在指标，可以补充现有的诊断检测战略，以建立一个更全面的监测系统。持续记录死亡率数据，并确定跨牛部门的识别和可追溯路线，可成为综合征监测系统中监测的有用指标。爱尔兰在2013年启动了一项方案，确定并清除BVD检测呈阳性的小牛，目前正朝着根除牛病毒性腹泻（BVD）病毒的方向取得进展。随着该国准备根据欧盟动物卫生法获得无bvd地位，利益攸关方必须考虑发现可能再次出现的战略。根除规划的历史数据为评估基于死亡率的综合征监测提供了独特的机会。本研究旨在建立一种基于小牛死亡率数据的综合征监测模型，并评估其在爱尔兰早期发现BVD再次出现的用途。从2014年到2023年，混合效应Cox比例风险模型的建立使用了100日龄以内的小牛死亡率。从这些模型中提取每年的牛群脆弱程度估计值，然后对这些估计值进行聚类，以确定在牛群死亡率风险中具有不同时间模式的牛群亚群。使用了四个单独的阈值来标记牛犊死亡风险增加的畜群。总的来说，这些标志显示出对群体水平BVD状态的高特异性（86-92 %）但低敏感性（11-22 %），这表明单独使用这种方法不能可靠地检测BVD再次出现。尽管如此，这种方法可以支持爱尔兰实现和维持无bvd状态的能力，同时为更广泛的类似监测工作提供有价值的见解。该方法适用于其他物种、疾病和综合征，使其成为动物卫生监测的通用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing U.S. swine farm preparedness for infectious foreign animal diseases with rapid access to biosecurity information 通过快速获取生物安全信息，加强美国养猪场对传染性外来动物疾病的防范。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106765

Christian Fleming , Kelsey Mills , Nicolas C. Cardenas , Jason A. Galvis , Cesar Corzo , Denílson dos Santos Ebling , Gustavo Machado

The U.S. Secure Pork Supply (SPS) Plan is a voluntary program that establishes biosecurity standards to maintain business continuity. The role of biosecurity in disease spread is well recognized, yet the U.S. swine industry lacks knowledge of individual farm biosecurity and the efficacy of existing measures.

Here, we (i) described a consortium among the swine industry, government, and academia that formed the Rapid Access Biosecurity application (RABapp™), (ii) summarized the farm characteristics and biosecurity of premises in RABapp™, (iii) mapped RABapp™’s biosecurity coverage of the U.S. swine population, and (iv) evaluated associations between biosecurity measures and reports of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) using multivariable logistic regression.

RABapp™, used in 31 states, represented 42% of the U.S. commercial swine population. In total, 76% (234/307) of Agricultural Statistics Districts were identified as biosecurity deserts, with less than half of their swine population represented in RABapp™. Requiring footwear or clothing changes, multiple carcass disposal locations, greater distance from neighboring swine premises, using bait for rodent control, and carcass burial significantly reduced the odds of PRRSV/PEDV occurrence. Conversely, rendering carcasses, deep pit or tank manure storage, and land application of manure were associated with increased odds of infection.

This study demonstrated the national importance of RABapp™ as a centralized repository and mapped SPS plan adoption. Curtailing high-risk practices and reinforcing the identified measures could help reduce the circulation of endemic disease and strengthen industry preparedness for future foreign animal disease emergencies.

美国安全猪肉供应（SPS）计划是一项自愿计划，旨在建立生物安全标准以保持业务连续性。生物安全在疾病传播中的作用是公认的，但美国养猪业缺乏个体农场生物安全的知识和现有措施的有效性。在这里，我们(i)描述了一个由养猪业、政府和学术界组成的联盟，形成了快速获取生物安全应用程序（RABapp™），（ii）总结了RABapp™中的农场特征和场所的生物安全，（iii）绘制了RABapp™对美国猪群的生物安全覆盖范围。（iv）利用多变量logistic回归评估生物安全措施与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）和猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）报告之间的关系。RABapp™已在31个州使用，占美国商品生猪存栏数的42%。总体而言，76%（234/307）的农业统计区被确定为生物安全沙漠，其中RABapp™的猪群数量不到其总数的一半。要求更换鞋子或衣服、多个屠体处理地点、距离邻近猪舍较远、使用饵料控制啮齿动物，以及掩埋屠体显著降低了PRRSV/PEDV发生的几率。相反，处理尸体、深坑或池粪肥储存以及土地施用粪肥与感染几率增加有关。这项研究证明了RABapp™作为一个集中存储库的国家重要性，并绘制了SPS计划的采用情况。减少高风险做法和加强已确定的措施有助于减少地方病的传播，并加强行业对未来外来动物疾病紧急情况的准备。

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引用次数: 0

A bayesian analysis of phage-based qPCR and liquid culture for the early detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in young dairy calves 基于噬菌体qPCR和液体培养早期检测禽分枝杆菌亚种的贝叶斯分析。乳牛幼崽的副结核

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106781

José M. Hernández-Agudelo , Cristóbal Verdugo , Herman W. Barkema , Pamela Steuer , Carlos Tejeda , Fernando Ulloa , Miguel A. Salgado

Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is an endemic infectious disease causing significant economic losses, with infection typically occurring in the first months of life. However, early diagnostic in subclinical infected calves is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature and intermittent shedding of the pathogen, which limits the sensitivity (Se) of existing diagnostic tools. This study aimed to estimate and compare the diagnostic Se and specificity (Sp) of a Phage-Magnetic Separation (PhMS) qPCR assay against a qPCR-confirmed liquid culture for the early detection of MAP infection in young dairy calves. Using a Bayesian Latent Class Model (BLCM) that accounted for conditional dependence, we analyzed 528 fecal samples from dairy calves < 60 days of age from 39 commercial herds in Chile. The model revealed that both tests have comparable moderate median Se (PhMS = 45 %; culture = 51 %) and high median Sp (PhMS = 98 %; culture = 100 %) for MAP detection. However, tests were strongly negatively correlated in MAP-infected animals (correlation coefficient, ρDPhMS,Cult = −0.66; 95 % Posterior probability interval [PPI]: −0.91 to −0.12). This strong negative correlation indicates that the tests tend to detect different subsets of the infected population, making them complementary when used in a parallel testing strategy to maximize joint sensitivity (Sej). The estimated mean true within-herd prevalence in calves was 13 % (95 % PPI: 8–22 %). Additionally, the Sp of PhMS-qPCR decreased in high-prevalence herds, possibly due to passive shedding of the pathogen. Critically, leveraging their complementary nature, a parallel interpretation of the tests achieved a high combined Se of 92 % (95 % PPI: 53–100 %), while maintaining a high Sp of 97 %. In conclusion, PhMS-qPCR and qPCR-confirmed liquid culture are complementary diagnostic tools. Their combined use in a parallel testing strategy could provide a highly effective screening algorithm, making it a powerful approach for research settings aiming to maximize case detection.

牛副结核（PTB），由鸟分枝杆菌亚种引起。副肺结核（MAP）是一种地方性传染病，造成重大经济损失，感染通常发生在生命的头几个月。然而，亚临床感染小牛的早期诊断是具有挑战性的，因为缺乏细菌的性质和病原体的间歇性脱落，这限制了现有诊断工具的敏感性（Se）。本研究旨在评估和比较噬菌体磁分离（PhMS） qPCR检测与qPCR确认的液体培养对犊牛MAP感染早期检测的诊断性Se和特异性（Sp）。使用贝叶斯潜类模型（BLCM），我们分析了来自智利39个商业畜群的528只60日龄奶牛的粪便样本<； 。该模型显示，两种测试都具有相当的MAP检测中位数Se （PhMS = 45 %；培养= 51 %）和高中位数Sp （PhMS = 98 %；培养= 100 %）。然而，在map感染动物中，测试结果呈强负相关（相关系数，ρDPhMS,Cult = - 0.66； 95 %后验概率区间[PPI]: - 0.91 ~ - 0.12）。这种强烈的负相关表明，检测倾向于检测感染人群的不同亚群，使它们在并行检测策略中互补，以最大化关节敏感性（Sej）。估计犊牛群内平均真实患病率为13 %（95% % PPI: 8-22 %）。此外，PhMS-qPCR的Sp在高流行的畜群中下降，可能是由于病原体的被动脱落。至关重要的是，利用它们的互补性，对测试的平行解释获得了92 %（95 % PPI: 53-100 %）的高组合Se，同时保持了97 %的高Sp。总之，PhMS-qPCR和qpcr证实的液体培养是互补的诊断工具。它们在并行检测策略中的组合使用可以提供一种非常有效的筛选算法，使其成为旨在最大限度地发现病例的研究机构的有力方法。

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引用次数: 0

A new era of coccidiosis control: Eimeria and Clostridium perfringens dynamics in vaccinated broiler flocks after the ionophore phase-out in Norway 球虫病控制的新时代：挪威电离电剂逐步淘汰后接种肉鸡群中的艾美耳球虫和产气荚膜梭菌动态。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106786

Eva Lena Estensmo , Silje Granstad , Kim B. Stevens , Sokratis Ptochos , Marianne Økland , Mona Nordmark , Siri Kulberg Sjurseth , Sigrid Gossé , Magne Hansen , Adrian L. Smith , Damer P. Blake , Camilla Sekse , Øivind Øines

Norway discontinued the prophylactic use of coccidiostats in broiler production in 2016, and all broilers are now raised without the routine use of coccidiostats. As an alternative strategy to control coccidiosis, all broiler flocks in Norway are now routinely vaccinated at hatch with vaccines based on live attenuated Eimeria oocysts. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics and interactions of Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens in Norwegian broiler flocks vaccinated against coccidiosis in field settings. We also explored how this may be influenced by farm management practices. Fresh pooled fecal samples were collected as part of a longitudinal time-series and through a case-control design from commercial broiler flocks diagnosed with coccidiosis, necrotic enteritis (NE) or both. Samples were analyzed using conventional and molecular methods targeting the relevant pathogens. Management data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with coccidiosis and NE. The occurrence of Eimeria oocysts showed varying dynamics over time across individual flocks and companies, and Eimeria species composition largely reflected the content of the vaccine used. Higher numbers of E. maxima and lower overall management scores were identified as risk factors associated with NE. Coccidiosis appeared to be well controlled under the current production practices, whereas NE seems to increase after the abolishment of coccidiostats. This may be related to the indirect effects of coccidiostats on Clostridium spp. and is a consequence that should be carefully monitored in any circumstance where there is a move towards the use of anticoccidial vaccines in broiler production.

挪威于2016年停止在肉鸡生产中预防性使用抗球虫药，现在所有肉鸡都在不常规使用抗球虫药的情况下饲养。作为控制球虫病的替代策略，挪威所有肉鸡群现在在孵化时常规接种基于减毒艾美耳球虫卵囊的疫苗。在本研究中，我们研究了在野外接种球虫疫苗的挪威肉鸡群中艾美耳球虫属和产气荚膜梭菌的种群动态和相互作用。我们还探讨了这可能受到农场管理实践的影响。作为纵向时间序列的一部分，通过病例对照设计，从诊断为球虫病、坏死性肠炎（NE）或两者兼有的商品肉鸡群中收集新鲜的合并粪便样本。针对相关病原体，采用常规方法和分子方法对样品进行分析。采用多变量logistic回归模型对管理数据进行分析，以确定球虫病和NE的相关因素。随着时间的推移，个别鸡群和公司的艾美耳球虫卵囊的发生表现出不同的动态，艾美耳球虫种类的组成在很大程度上反映了所使用疫苗的含量。较高的E. maxima数量和较低的总体管理评分被确定为与NE相关的危险因素。球虫病似乎在目前的生产实践下得到了很好的控制，而在取消球虫药后，NE似乎增加了。这可能与抗球虫药对梭状芽孢杆菌的间接作用有关，在肉鸡生产中使用抗球虫疫苗的任何情况下，都应仔细监测这一后果。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioural drivers of on-farm biosecurity implementation in livestock: A literature overview with insights for research 牲畜农场生物安全实施的行为驱动因素：具有研究见解的文献综述。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106768

Mehmet Murat Dogusan , Helena C. De Carvalho Ferreira , Sebastián Jesús Moya Durán , Lidiia Moskalenko , Marnie Louise Brennan , Daniele De Meneghi , Maria Rodrigues Da Costa , Giovanna Ciaravino , Rui Gaspar

Global livestock intensification heightens disease risks, making effective biosecurity crucial. However, the inconsistent adoption of biosecurity measures and the behavioural drivers behind this variability are not fully understood. This review assessed the current state of knowledge and identified evidence gaps regarding drivers influencing stakeholders’ decision-making and the implementation of biosecurity practices, to clarify why well-established measures are not consistently applied and to guide research addressing the factors shaping biosecurity implementation.

Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search up to October 2023 was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Using a literature overview methodology, we retrieved relevant review articles on biosecurity decision-making (first phase), from which we identified relevant original research cited within them (second phase). Thematic analysis used the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model, with the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) guiding the coding procedure.

Of 811 reviews initially retrieved, 37 were included. From these, 205 original research articles were identified, of which 78 were included. Most original studies originated from Europe and Central Asia (n = 38), highlighting geographical biases. Research mainly targeted farmers (n = 78), with few studies targeting veterinarians (n = 6). While 45 articles addressed all three COM-B components, beyond half (n = 46) reported four or fewer TDF domains, suggesting important knowledge gaps in the literature.

Future studies should target understudied regions, TDF domains (e.g. Skills, Goals and Reinforcement) and stakeholders (e.g. farmers) to effectively implement biosecurity measures. This will help the livestock sector adopt evidence-based biosecurity and adhering to it, improving animal health and resilience worldwide.

全球畜牧业集约化加剧了疾病风险，因此有效的生物安全至关重要。然而，生物安全措施的不一致采用以及这种差异背后的行为驱动因素尚未得到充分了解。这篇综述评估了目前的知识状况，并确定了影响利益相关者决策和实施生物安全实践的驱动因素方面的证据差距，以澄清为什么已确立的措施没有得到一致的应用，并指导研究解决影响生物安全实施的因素。根据PRISMA 2020指南，对PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus进行了截至2023年10月的系统检索。采用文献综述法，检索了生物安全决策相关综述文章（第一阶段），并从中确定了其中引用的相关原始研究（第二阶段）。主题分析采用能力、机会和动机行为（COM-B）模型，理论领域框架（TDF）指导编码过程。在最初检索到的811篇评论中，有37篇被纳入。从中确定了205篇原创研究论文，其中78篇被纳入。大多数原始研究来自欧洲和中亚（n = 38），突出了地理偏差。研究主要针对农民（n = 78），针对兽医的研究很少（n = 6）。虽然有45篇文章涉及了所有三个COM-B组成部分，但超过一半（n = 46）报告了四个或更少的TDF域，这表明文献中存在重要的知识空白。未来的研究应针对研究不足的地区、TDF领域（如技能、目标和强化）和利益相关者（如农民），以有效实施生物安全措施。这将有助于畜牧部门采用并遵守循证生物安全措施，从而改善全世界动物的健康和复原力。

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引用次数: 0