Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106759
N. Pomiés , M. Pastorini , N. Amaro , J. Barca , C. Fiol , G. Ruprechter , A. Mendoza
To evaluate the association between calcium (Ca) imbalance postpartum, animal-associated data, and prepartum management practices in Holstein dairy cows, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on a convenience sample of 122 dairy farms (204 primiparous and 661 multiparous cows) in Uruguay. Cows were blood sampled once between days 1 and 3 DIM after parturition for metabolite analysis. At the time of sampling, data were collected on management, housing, and feeding. To evaluate the association between Ca imbalance and animal-associated data (parity, body condition, high NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid; > 0.6 mmol/L), subclinical hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.80 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (P ≤ 1.4 mmol/L)), and prepartum management practices, we used multivariate logistic regression models using a serum Ca threshold of ≤ 2.00 mmol/L. Overall, 76.8 % of cows had Ca imbalance, 17 % of cows had hypophosphatemia and 31.8 % showed subclinical hypomagnesemia. The BCS (body condition score) was ≤ 2.75 in 34.4 % of cows, with 64.3 % scoring 3–3.5. Overall, 39.8 % of cows had elevated NEFA. Multiparous cows were more likely to develop Ca imbalance than primiparous cows (P < 0.05). Cows with subclinical hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia had higher odds for Ca imbalance. The odds were lower in summer than in autumn and winter, and higher in cows from farms without nutritional consulting service for close-up cows and without supplementation with anionic salts. Cows with prepartum access to shade were less likely to develop Ca imbalance. In conclusion, factors associated with Ca imbalance in postpartum dairy cows included other mineral imbalances, parity, inadequate prepartum nutritional management, and lack of comfort.
{"title":"Prepartum management factors associated with the development of calcium imbalance during the first days postpartum in grazing dairy cows in Uruguay.","authors":"N. Pomiés , M. Pastorini , N. Amaro , J. Barca , C. Fiol , G. Ruprechter , A. Mendoza","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the association between calcium (Ca) imbalance postpartum, animal-associated data, and prepartum management practices in Holstein dairy cows, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on a convenience sample of 122 dairy farms (204 primiparous and 661 multiparous cows) in Uruguay. Cows were blood sampled once between days 1 and 3 DIM after parturition for metabolite analysis. At the time of sampling, data were collected on management, housing, and feeding. To evaluate the association between Ca imbalance and animal-associated data (parity, body condition, high NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid; > 0.6 mmol/L), subclinical hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.80 mmol/L), hypophosphatemia (P ≤ 1.4 mmol/L)), and prepartum management practices, we used multivariate logistic regression models using a serum Ca threshold of ≤ 2.00 mmol/L. Overall, 76.8 % of cows had Ca imbalance, 17 % of cows had hypophosphatemia and 31.8 % showed subclinical hypomagnesemia. The BCS (body condition score) was ≤ 2.75 in 34.4 % of cows, with 64.3 % scoring 3–3.5. Overall, 39.8 % of cows had elevated NEFA. Multiparous cows were more likely to develop Ca imbalance than primiparous cows (P < 0.05). Cows with subclinical hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia had higher odds for Ca imbalance. The odds were lower in summer than in autumn and winter, and higher in cows from farms without nutritional consulting service for close-up cows and without supplementation with anionic salts. Cows with prepartum access to shade were less likely to develop Ca imbalance. In conclusion, factors associated with Ca imbalance in postpartum dairy cows included other mineral imbalances, parity, inadequate prepartum nutritional management, and lack of comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106753
Ning Chen , Dustin L. Pendell , Chia-Lin Chang
This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks on Taiwan’s shell egg market, with particular focus on price dynamics across the farm, wholesale, and retail levels. Taiwan’s location along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, combined with high-density poultry farming and limited on-farm biosecurity, heightens its vulnerability to avian influenza (AI) transmission mediated by migratory waterfowl. Using a multi-threshold nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (MTNARDL) model and weekly data from 2015 to 2024, we analyze the effects of key factors, including feed costs, egg production rates, and HPAI outbreak scale, on egg prices. Our findings reveal long-run cointegration among these variables, with egg production rates emerging as the most significant determinant of farm-level prices. Even small reductions in production lead to substantial price increases, reflecting the inelastic nature of egg demand. We also identify threshold effects associated with HPAI outbreak severity: minor outbreaks slightly suppress farm prices, whereas large-scale outbreaks significantly raise retail prices, suggesting uneven price transmission across market tiers. Variance decomposition and impulse response function analyses further illustrate the persistent influence of severe outbreaks on retail prices, lasting up to eight weeks. These findings underscore the importance of early detection systems, enhanced biosecurity, and improved supply chain coordination to strengthen market resilience. Nonetheless, underreporting of outbreaks and limited data on low pathogenic AI cases pose ongoing challenges for effective surveillance and response.
{"title":"Price transmission and long-term effects of avian influenza on Taiwan’s egg market","authors":"Ning Chen , Dustin L. Pendell , Chia-Lin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks on Taiwan’s shell egg market, with particular focus on price dynamics across the farm, wholesale, and retail levels. Taiwan’s location along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, combined with high-density poultry farming and limited on-farm biosecurity, heightens its vulnerability to avian influenza (AI) transmission mediated by migratory waterfowl. Using a multi-threshold nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (MTNARDL) model and weekly data from 2015 to 2024, we analyze the effects of key factors, including feed costs, egg production rates, and HPAI outbreak scale, on egg prices. Our findings reveal long-run cointegration among these variables, with egg production rates emerging as the most significant determinant of farm-level prices. Even small reductions in production lead to substantial price increases, reflecting the inelastic nature of egg demand. We also identify threshold effects associated with HPAI outbreak severity: minor outbreaks slightly suppress farm prices, whereas large-scale outbreaks significantly raise retail prices, suggesting uneven price transmission across market tiers. Variance decomposition and impulse response function analyses further illustrate the persistent influence of severe outbreaks on retail prices, lasting up to eight weeks. These findings underscore the importance of early detection systems, enhanced biosecurity, and improved supply chain coordination to strengthen market resilience. Nonetheless, underreporting of outbreaks and limited data on low pathogenic AI cases pose ongoing challenges for effective surveillance and response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106757
Trang Thi Huyen Le , Vivian Hoffmann , Kate Ambler , Mike Murphy , Sinh Dang-Xuan , Johanna F. Lindahl , Elisabeth Rajala , Steven Lâm , Sofia Boqvist , Fred Unger , Hung Nguyen-Viet
Foodborne diseases are a major cause of illness in low- and middle-income countries, and most are due to fresh foods sold in traditional markets. Contamination with foodborne pathogens, especially Salmonella spp., continues to be common in these markets. To better understand why this is the case, this study assessed total bacteria count (TBC) and Salmonella in pork across Vietnamese traditional markets and evaluated vendors’ food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices, examining their associations with contamination. Data was collected in 68 markets across five provinces, with up to 10 pork vendors per market randomly selected. Microbiological data were collected through cut pork samples and cutting boards swabs (n = 396), along with structured questionnaires and observations with vendors (n = 486). Cutting board swabs were analyzed for TBC only, while cut pork was tested for both TBC and Salmonella. Linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models were constructed to identify risk factors for TBC and Salmonella prevalence. The overall Salmonella prevalence in cut pork was 64.4 % (255/396) and was significantly higher in southern provinces (86.8 %) compared to the north (47.5 %, p < 0.01). TBC was high in pork and cutting boards (6.4 log10CFU/g and 6.9 log10CFU/cm2, respectively), and only 30 % of the pork samples met the Vietnamese standard for TBC in fresh meat. Selling of organs was associated with a higher TBC (coefficient = 0.13, CI: 0.01–0.26, p = 0.03) and greater Salmonella risk (OR = 2.04, p = 0.009). Temperature significantly increased both outcomes (p < 0.001), while using easy-to-clean surfaces reduced TBC levels (coefficient = −0.16, CI: −0.30 to −0.01, p = 0.03). Vendors demonstrated limited food safety knowledge and mixed attitudes. Observations revealed poor hygienic practices, such as displaying pork on cardboard or cloth or lack of washing with soap and disinfectants, which was influenced by limited access to facilities and equipment. Regional differences suggested contamination levels were influenced by both environmental and market-related factors. These findings highlight the need for holistic interventions targeting an enabling environment, appropriate equipment, and behavioral incentives.
{"title":"Pork safety across Vietnam's traditional markets: Microbial contamination and vendor knowledge, attitudes, and practices","authors":"Trang Thi Huyen Le , Vivian Hoffmann , Kate Ambler , Mike Murphy , Sinh Dang-Xuan , Johanna F. Lindahl , Elisabeth Rajala , Steven Lâm , Sofia Boqvist , Fred Unger , Hung Nguyen-Viet","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne diseases are a major cause of illness in low- and middle-income countries, and most are due to fresh foods sold in traditional markets. Contamination with foodborne pathogens, especially <em>Salmonella</em> spp<em>.,</em> continues to be common in these markets. To better understand why this is the case, this study assessed total bacteria count (TBC) and <em>Salmonella</em> in pork across Vietnamese traditional markets and evaluated vendors’ food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices, examining their associations with contamination. Data was collected in 68 markets across five provinces, with up to 10 pork vendors per market randomly selected. Microbiological data were collected through cut pork samples and cutting boards swabs (n = 396), along with structured questionnaires and observations with vendors (n = 486). Cutting board swabs were analyzed for TBC only, while cut pork was tested for both TBC and <em>Salmonella</em>. Linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models were constructed to identify risk factors for TBC and <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence. The overall <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence in cut pork was 64.4 % (255/396) and was significantly higher in southern provinces (86.8 %) compared to the north (47.5 %, <em>p</em> < 0.01). TBC was high in pork and cutting boards (6.4 log<sub>10</sub>CFU/g and 6.9 log<sub>10</sub>CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively), and only 30 % of the pork samples met the Vietnamese standard for TBC in fresh meat. Selling of organs was associated with a higher TBC (coefficient = 0.13, CI: 0.01–0.26, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and greater <em>Salmonella</em> risk (OR = 2.04, <em>p</em> = 0.009). Temperature significantly increased both outcomes (<em>p</em> < 0.001), while using easy-to-clean surfaces reduced TBC levels (coefficient = −0.16, CI: −0.30 to −0.01, <em>p</em> = 0.03). Vendors demonstrated limited food safety knowledge and mixed attitudes. Observations revealed poor hygienic practices, such as displaying pork on cardboard or cloth or lack of washing with soap and disinfectants, which was influenced by limited access to facilities and equipment. Regional differences suggested contamination levels were influenced by both environmental and market-related factors. These findings highlight the need for holistic interventions targeting an enabling environment, appropriate equipment, and behavioral incentives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106756
Danni Anderson , Maganga Sambo , Ahmed Lugelo , Anna Czupryna , Joel Changalucha , Jonathan M. Read , Felix Lankester , Katie Hampson
Understanding domestic dog population dynamics is critical for rabies control, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where domestic dogs are the primary virus reservoir. This study investigates demographic and environmental determinants of dog ownership in Tanzania’s Mara region, a rabies-endemic area with ecologically diverse landscapes. Using a cross-sectional household survey (n = 27,400 households), we employed mixed-effects models to assess predictors of dog ownership, dog counts, and Human-to-Dog Ratios (HDRs). Overall, 12,975 households (47 %) owned dogs, with a mean of 2.2 dogs per dog-owning household. Logistic regression revealed key predictors of ownership: urban households had reduced odds of dog ownership (OR = 0.311, CI: 0.132–0.734, while ownership likelihood increased with larger household size (adults: OR = 1.151, CI: 1.134–1.169; children: OR = 1.160, CI: 1.140–1.180), and crop (OR = 1.502, 95 % CI: 1.384–1.630), shrub (OR = 1.387, 95 % CI: 1.269–1.515), or tree land cover (OR = 1.708, 95 % CI: 1.260–2.314) compared to built areas. However, among dog-owning households, variables had minimal practical impact on dog counts with most households (85.6 %) owning 1–3 dogs regardless of household size, location, or land cover. Urban districts exhibited significantly higher HDRs (18.3:1 vs. rural 7.1:1), further influenced by land cover (tree: 5.1:1 vs. built: 8.7:1). These findings highlight a critical divergence: while contextual factors strongly predict dog ownership, they do not meaningfully influence the number of dogs owned. Consequently, effective vaccination programmes require strategies tailored to local dog density and ownership patterns.
{"title":"Socioecological determinants of dog ownership in Mara region, Tanzania","authors":"Danni Anderson , Maganga Sambo , Ahmed Lugelo , Anna Czupryna , Joel Changalucha , Jonathan M. Read , Felix Lankester , Katie Hampson","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding domestic dog population dynamics is critical for rabies control, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where domestic dogs are the primary virus reservoir. This study investigates demographic and environmental determinants of dog ownership in Tanzania’s Mara region, a rabies-endemic area with ecologically diverse landscapes. Using a cross-sectional household survey (n = 27,400 households), we employed mixed-effects models to assess predictors of dog ownership, dog counts, and Human-to-Dog Ratios (HDRs). Overall, 12,975 households (47 %) owned dogs, with a mean of 2.2 dogs per dog-owning household. Logistic regression revealed key predictors of ownership: urban households had reduced odds of dog ownership (OR = 0.311, CI: 0.132–0.734, while ownership likelihood increased with larger household size (adults: OR = 1.151, CI: 1.134–1.169; children: OR = 1.160, CI: 1.140–1.180), and crop (OR = 1.502, 95 % CI: 1.384–1.630), shrub (OR = 1.387, 95 % CI: 1.269–1.515), or tree land cover (OR = 1.708, 95 % CI: 1.260–2.314) compared to built areas. However, among dog-owning households, variables had minimal practical impact on dog counts with most households (85.6 %) owning 1–3 dogs regardless of household size, location, or land cover. Urban districts exhibited significantly higher HDRs (18.3:1 vs. rural 7.1:1), further influenced by land cover (tree: 5.1:1 vs. built: 8.7:1). These findings highlight a critical divergence: while contextual factors strongly predict dog ownership, they do not meaningfully influence the number of dogs owned. Consequently, effective vaccination programmes require strategies tailored to local dog density and ownership patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106752
İsmail Kırbaş
Early and accurate monitoring of livestock health is critical for effective disease prevention, welfare assurance, and sustainable farm management. Labor-intensive and stressful livestock weighing methods remain a major bottleneck for effective herd health surveillance in large-scale operations. This study presents a data-driven Walk-Over Weighing System (WoWS) enhanced with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to provide a non-invasive, automated solution for real-time weight estimation in cattle. Dynamic weight signals from 86 dairy cows were collected twice daily during routine milking using a walk-over-weighing (WoWS) platform at the Burdur MAKU farm. Raw force-time signals were pre-processed and transformed using FFT to reduce noise and extract spectral-domain features relevant for weight estimation. Six ML models, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), were evaluated for prediction performance. The SVR model yielded the highest accuracy (MAE: 2.3 kg, R²: 0.999). The system's functionality was further extended through integration with Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks for real-time data collection and anomaly detection. Heatmaps and time-aligned weight distributions validated the system’s robustness under dynamic field conditions. This FFT- and AI-enhanced WoWS offers a scalable and effective tool for herd-level health surveillance by enabling continuous monitoring, early detection of abnormal weight trends (e.g., weight loss due to disease onset or inadequate feeding), and remote decision-making. The proposed system supports One Health principles by reducing manual handling, minimizing animal stress, improving welfare, and lowering labor demands, thereby contributing to more sustainable and efficient livestock-farming practices. Future directions include expanding multi-sensor integration and epidemiological modeling for more comprehensive livestock health management.
{"title":"AI-based automated weight prediction in cattle for herd health surveillance","authors":"İsmail Kırbaş","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early and accurate monitoring of livestock health is critical for effective disease prevention, welfare assurance, and sustainable farm management. Labor-intensive and stressful livestock weighing methods remain a major bottleneck for effective herd health surveillance in large-scale operations. This study presents a data-driven Walk-Over Weighing System (WoWS) enhanced with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to provide a non-invasive, automated solution for real-time weight estimation in cattle. Dynamic weight signals from 86 dairy cows were collected twice daily during routine milking using a walk-over-weighing (WoWS) platform at the Burdur MAKU farm. Raw force-time signals were pre-processed and transformed using FFT to reduce noise and extract spectral-domain features relevant for weight estimation. Six ML models, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), were evaluated for prediction performance. The SVR model yielded the highest accuracy (MAE: 2.3 kg, R²: 0.999). The system's functionality was further extended through integration with Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks for real-time data collection and anomaly detection. Heatmaps and time-aligned weight distributions validated the system’s robustness under dynamic field conditions. This FFT- and AI-enhanced WoWS offers a scalable and effective tool for herd-level health surveillance by enabling continuous monitoring, early detection of abnormal weight trends (e.g., weight loss due to disease onset or inadequate feeding), and remote decision-making. The proposed system supports One Health principles by reducing manual handling, minimizing animal stress, improving welfare, and lowering labor demands, thereby contributing to more sustainable and efficient livestock-farming practices. Future directions include expanding multi-sensor integration and epidemiological modeling for more comprehensive livestock health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106750
Michele Tree , Frances Brigg , Anne L. Barnes , Theo J.G.M. Lam , Scott McDougall , David S. Beggs , Ian D. Robertson , Tayler C. Kent , Joshua W. Aleri
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated plasmid resistant genome of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Ambler class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) producing commensal Escherichia coli, using a targeted pDNA approach, from lactating cows and pre-weaned calves on dairy farms in Western Australian (WA). Following culture and modified double disc diffusion, ESBL and/or AmpC producing commensal E. coli were isolated from faecal samples and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) was extracted, amplified, and sequenced to identify the AMR and replicon composition. Phenotypic analysis of 1117 faecal samples from 26 Western Australian dairy farms revealed a low overall prevalence (7.3 %) of ESBL and/or AmpC-producing commensal E. coli, with 3.2 % in cows (n = 633) and 12.8 % in calves (n = 484). All isolates were classified ‘non-wildtype’ for ampicillin and ceftiofur, with 95.1 % classified as ‘non-wildtype’ multidrug resistant (MDR). While blaTEM was common in the pDNA (total: 60.6 %; cow: 76.9 %; calf: 57.7 %), a total of 13 AMR genes were identified across 126 plasmids (cow: n = 30; calf: n = 96) isolated. Multiple correspondence analysis (with chi-square–based 95 % confidence ellipses) showed variation in pDNA AMR genes and replicons by farm, with generally distinct plasmid profiles, though some clustering suggests possible farm-to-farm plasmid transmission. In conclusion, though low in prevalence, ESBL and/or AmpC producing commensal E. coli having high phenotypic AMR, MDR, and pDNA diversity were isolated from dairy cattle on 65.4 % of screened farms.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated plasmid resistant genome of ESBL and AmpC producing commensal E. coli isolated from lactating cows and pre-weaned calves on dairy farms in Western Australia","authors":"Michele Tree , Frances Brigg , Anne L. Barnes , Theo J.G.M. Lam , Scott McDougall , David S. Beggs , Ian D. Robertson , Tayler C. Kent , Joshua W. Aleri","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated plasmid resistant genome of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Ambler class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) producing commensal <em>Escherichia coli,</em> using a targeted pDNA approach, from lactating cows and pre-weaned calves on dairy farms in Western Australian (WA). Following culture and modified double disc diffusion, ESBL and/or AmpC producing commensal <em>E. coli</em> were isolated from faecal samples and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) was extracted, amplified, and sequenced to identify the AMR and replicon composition. Phenotypic analysis of 1117 faecal samples from 26 Western Australian dairy farms revealed a low overall prevalence (7.3 %) of ESBL and/or AmpC-producing commensal <em>E. coli</em>, with 3.2 % in cows (n = 633) and 12.8 % in calves (n = 484). All isolates were classified ‘non-wildtype’ for ampicillin and ceftiofur, with 95.1 % classified as ‘non-wildtype’ multidrug resistant (MDR). While <em>bla</em><sub><em>TEM</em></sub> was common in the pDNA (total: 60.6 %; cow: 76.9 %; calf: 57.7 %), a total of 13 AMR genes were identified across 126 plasmids (cow: <em>n</em> = 30; calf: <em>n</em> = 96) isolated. Multiple correspondence analysis (with chi-square–based 95 % confidence ellipses) showed variation in pDNA AMR genes and replicons by farm, with generally distinct plasmid profiles, though some clustering suggests possible farm-to-farm plasmid transmission. In conclusion, though low in prevalence, ESBL and/or AmpC producing commensal <em>E. coli</em> having high phenotypic AMR, MDR, and pDNA diversity were isolated from dairy cattle on 65.4 % of screened farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106755
Fatma Abdel-Kader , Yusuf Mohamad , Elshaimaa Ismael , Dalia Hamza , AShraf Bakkar , Manal Zaki
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli, particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains, poses a significant zoonotic risk. This study investigates the prevalence of AMR and virulence determinants in E. coli isolated from dogs and cats in Egypt. A total of 102 rectal swabs were analyzed, with E. coli recovered from 55 (53.9 %) samples, more frequently in cats (19/30; 63.3 %) than in dogs (36/72; 50 %). ESBL-producing isolates were detected in both healthy (5/28; 17.9 %) and diseased (6/27; 22.2 %) animals. The most common resistance genes were blaTEM and blaCTX-M, often occurring with blaCMY-2. Although phenotypic carbapenem resistance was uncommon (5.45 %), carbapenemase-encoding genes were identified in 60 % of isolates, suggesting a potential but unconfirmed reservoir of resistance. Virulence gene profiling revealed that most isolates carry virulence genes primarily associated with extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), followed by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), with both detected in diseased and asymptomatic animals. Cluster analysis demonstrated strong associations between AMR and virulence determinants, underscoring the convergence of resistance and pathogenic potential. These findings highlight the coexistence of resistance and virulence genes in companion animal E. coli, and reinforce the need for prudent antimicrobial use and One Health-based surveillance to limit the emergence and dissemination of AMR.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of E. coli isolated from companion animals: A potential public health concern","authors":"Fatma Abdel-Kader , Yusuf Mohamad , Elshaimaa Ismael , Dalia Hamza , AShraf Bakkar , Manal Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains, poses a significant zoonotic risk. This study investigates the prevalence of AMR and virulence determinants in <em>E. coli</em> isolated from dogs and cats in Egypt. A total of 102 rectal swabs were analyzed, with <em>E. coli</em> recovered from 55 (53.9 %) samples, more frequently in cats (19/30; 63.3 %) than in dogs (36/72; 50 %). ESBL-producing isolates were detected in both healthy (5/28; 17.9 %) and diseased (6/27; 22.2 %) animals. The most common resistance genes were <em>bla</em><sub>TEM</sub> and <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub>, often occurring with <em>bla</em><sub>CMY-2</sub>. Although phenotypic carbapenem resistance was uncommon (5.45 %), carbapenemase-encoding genes were identified in 60 % of isolates, suggesting a potential but unconfirmed reservoir of resistance. Virulence gene profiling revealed that most isolates carry virulence genes primarily associated with extra-intestinal pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> (ExPEC), followed by enterohemorrhagic <em>E. coli</em> (EHEC), with both detected in diseased and asymptomatic animals. Cluster analysis demonstrated strong associations between AMR and virulence determinants, underscoring the convergence of resistance and pathogenic potential. These findings highlight the coexistence of resistance and virulence genes in companion animal <em>E. coli,</em> and reinforce the need for prudent antimicrobial use and One Health-based surveillance to limit the emergence and dissemination of AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106751
Ashenafi Kidanu , Balako Gumi , Mahlet Osman , Haregua Melak Selamsew , Jakob Zinsstag , Bezalem Tesfaye Araya , Girmay Medhin , Tesfu Kassa , Rea Tschopp
Background
Brucellosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis with substantial health and economic impact in developing countries. Despite its endemicity in Ethiopia, there is currently no surveillance or control in livestock. The study objective was to assess the effect of animal segregation and elimination as a brucellosis control strategy in small ruminants in the pastoral Afar region of Ethiopia.
Methods
The study was conducted over 2 years. All small ruminants, older than 5 months originally in the herd and those subsequently entering the herd were ear tagged with unique ID numbers. All animals were tested for brucellosis every six months using Rose Bengal Testing and ELISA for confirmation. Purchased animals and animals that had aborted were segregated and tested before joining the herd. Sero-positive animals were eliminated and owners compensated. A herd-book was kept for all animals and households visited each week. A mathematical transmission model was developed to assess the change of prevalence under different intervention scenarios.
Results
Cumulatively, 15,489 small ruminant samples were tested for brucellosis, of which 889 reactors were eliminated. Brucellosis prevalence declined from 12 % to 1 % over the study period and no more animal abortions were recorded by the end of the study. The mathematical model showed that the removal of positive reactors in that specific context clearly decreases the sero-prevalence and eventually leads to the elimination of brucellosis.
Conclusion
Segregation and test-and-slaughter strategy can effectively reduce brucellosis prevalence in animals, thus alleviating the disease burden on the public health sector. A strong inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approach is required taking into account epidemiological context and pastoralist culture.
{"title":"Brucellosis prevention and control in small ruminants using a test and slaughter strategy in the pastoral Afar Region of Ethiopia: A pilot study","authors":"Ashenafi Kidanu , Balako Gumi , Mahlet Osman , Haregua Melak Selamsew , Jakob Zinsstag , Bezalem Tesfaye Araya , Girmay Medhin , Tesfu Kassa , Rea Tschopp","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brucellosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis with substantial health and economic impact in developing countries. Despite its endemicity in Ethiopia, there is currently no surveillance or control in livestock. The study objective was to assess the effect of animal segregation and elimination as a brucellosis control strategy in small ruminants in the pastoral Afar region of Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted over 2 years. All small ruminants, older than 5 months originally in the herd and those subsequently entering the herd were ear tagged with unique ID numbers. All animals were tested for brucellosis every six months using Rose Bengal Testing and ELISA for confirmation. Purchased animals and animals that had aborted were segregated and tested before joining the herd. Sero-positive animals were eliminated and owners compensated. A herd-book was kept for all animals and households visited each week. A mathematical transmission model was developed to assess the change of prevalence under different intervention scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cumulatively, 15,489 small ruminant samples were tested for brucellosis, of which 889 reactors were eliminated. Brucellosis prevalence declined from 12 % to 1 % over the study period and no more animal abortions were recorded by the end of the study. The mathematical model showed that the removal of positive reactors in that specific context clearly decreases the sero-prevalence and eventually leads to the elimination of brucellosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Segregation and test-and-slaughter strategy can effectively reduce brucellosis prevalence in animals, thus alleviating the disease burden on the public health sector. A strong inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approach is required taking into account epidemiological context and pastoralist culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106749
Heather Grieve , Tasha Epp , Amy L. Greer , J. Scott Weese , Lauren E. Grant
Monitoring of companion animal zoonotic diseases in Canada is limited by the lack of a comprehensive companion animal health surveillance system, capable of integrating environmental and public health data. To guide the development of a suitable surveillance framework, we conducted an environmental scan of companion animal heath surveillance systems globally. Using academic and grey literature database searches, supplemented with targeted internet searching, we identified 12,718 unique sources. After screening, 257 sources were deemed eligible for inclusion. These sources identified 119 national or regional surveillance and control programs (which were not further characterized) and 33 companion animal health surveillance systems. We extracted information relating to surveillance scope, data source and collection methods, integration of environmental and public health data, and data dissemination methods. In total, 48.5 % (n = 16/33) of the systems relied on submission of data by veterinary professionals or others, whilst 42.4 % (n = 14) extracted data from electronic health records and veterinary diagnostic laboratory data. Surveillance scope included infectious diseases (n = 13), cause of death (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), and toxin exposure (n = 1). Some systems were not focused on specific health outcomes (n = 12). Only 9.1 % (n = 3) of systems integrated environmental or public health data at the point of data collection. However, other systems utilized environmental data during the analysis phase (27.3 %, n = 9). Surveillance systems largely disseminated surveillance outputs through reports (30.3 %, n = 10) and direct feedback to contributors (27.3 %, n = 9). By conducting this environmental scan, we provide a summary of global companion animal health surveillance efforts. Notably, there are few examples of fully integrated companion animal health surveillance systems using a One Health approach.
{"title":"Companion animal health surveillance systems: An environmental scan","authors":"Heather Grieve , Tasha Epp , Amy L. Greer , J. Scott Weese , Lauren E. Grant","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring of companion animal zoonotic diseases in Canada is limited by the lack of a comprehensive companion animal health surveillance system, capable of integrating environmental and public health data. To guide the development of a suitable surveillance framework, we conducted an environmental scan of companion animal heath surveillance systems globally. Using academic and grey literature database searches, supplemented with targeted internet searching, we identified 12,718 unique sources. After screening, 257 sources were deemed eligible for inclusion. These sources identified 119 national or regional surveillance and control programs (which were not further characterized) and 33 companion animal health surveillance systems. We extracted information relating to surveillance scope, data source and collection methods, integration of environmental and public health data, and data dissemination methods. In total, 48.5 % (n = 16/33) of the systems relied on submission of data by veterinary professionals or others, whilst 42.4 % (n = 14) extracted data from electronic health records and veterinary diagnostic laboratory data. Surveillance scope included infectious diseases (n = 13), cause of death (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), and toxin exposure (n = 1). Some systems were not focused on specific health outcomes (n = 12). Only 9.1 % (n = 3) of systems integrated environmental or public health data at the point of data collection. However, other systems utilized environmental data during the analysis phase (27.3 %, n = 9). Surveillance systems largely disseminated surveillance outputs through reports (30.3 %, n = 10) and direct feedback to contributors (27.3 %, n = 9). By conducting this environmental scan, we provide a summary of global companion animal health surveillance efforts. Notably, there are few examples of fully integrated companion animal health surveillance systems using a One Health approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106748
Xiao Lu, Christine Griebsch, Jacqueline M. Norris, Michael P. Ward
Canine leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that has been long neglected in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Clinical canine leptospirosis cases in Shoalhaven, southeastern NSW from October 2021 to May 2023 were analysed to examine associations between environmental factors and the local occurrence of canine leptospirosis. Poisson models (log-transformed canine population offset and adjusted for the Index of Economic Resources) of spatial (landscape factors adjusted for economic status) and temporal environmental factors (lagged weekly climate variables) were fit to the data. During the 2022 Australian winter, a significant spatio-temporal cluster of canine leptospirosis was detected near lakes, overlapping with the areas heavily flooded in March 2022. In areas surrounding case residential addresses, the rate of canine leptospirosis was increased by the presence of nature conservation areas [Risk Ratio (RR) = 2.47, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.0 – 6.06, p = 0.047] and reduced by the presence of recreational areas within the relevant neighbourhood (RR = 0.13, 95 % CI 0.04 – 0.34, p < 0.001). The preceding extreme climate events (extreme heat and extreme precipitation) influenced the rate of canine leptospirosis in opposite ways, with extreme rainfall at lag −13, −10 and −9 weeks significantly increased rate. The re-emergence of canine leptospirosis in southern NSW was multifactorial, with hydrological events likely the main driving factor. Increased pet owner awareness during and following such events is advocated.
犬钩端螺旋体病是一种在澳大利亚新南威尔士州长期被忽视的重新出现的人畜共患疾病。分析了2021年10月至2023年5月新南威尔士州东南部Shoalhaven的临床钩端螺旋体病病例，以研究环境因素与当地钩端螺旋体病发生之间的关系。空间因子（景观因子）和时间环境因子（滞后周气候变量）的泊松模型（对数变换后的犬类种群偏移量，并根据经济资源指数进行调整）与数据拟合。在2022年澳大利亚冬季，在湖泊附近发现了一个显著的时空聚集性犬钩端螺旋体病，与2022年3月的严重洪水地区重叠。在病例居住地周围地区，自然保护区的存在增加了钩端螺旋体病的发病率[风险比(RR) = 2.47,95 %可信区间（CI） 1.0 - 6.06, p = 0.047]，而相关社区内存在休闲区则降低了钩端螺旋体病的发病率（RR = 0.13, 95 % CI 0.04 - 0.34, p <； 0.001）。之前的极端气候事件（极端高温和极端降水）以相反的方式影响犬钩端螺旋体病的发病率，滞后- 13、- 10和- 9周的极端降雨显著增加了发病率。犬钩端螺旋体病在新南威尔士州南部的再次出现是多因素的，水文事件可能是主要的驱动因素。提倡在此类事件期间和之后提高宠物主人的意识。
{"title":"Canine leptospirosis and environmental risk factors in coastal New South Wales, Australia (2021 – 2023)","authors":"Xiao Lu, Christine Griebsch, Jacqueline M. Norris, Michael P. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease that has been long neglected in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Clinical canine leptospirosis cases in Shoalhaven, southeastern NSW from October 2021 to May 2023 were analysed to examine associations between environmental factors and the local occurrence of canine leptospirosis. Poisson models (log-transformed canine population offset and adjusted for the Index of Economic Resources) of spatial (landscape factors adjusted for economic status) and temporal environmental factors (lagged weekly climate variables) were fit to the data. During the 2022 Australian winter, a significant spatio-temporal cluster of canine leptospirosis was detected near lakes, overlapping with the areas heavily flooded in March 2022. In areas surrounding case residential addresses, the rate of canine leptospirosis was increased by the presence of nature conservation areas [Risk Ratio (RR) = 2.47, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.0 – 6.06, p = 0.047] and reduced by the presence of recreational areas within the relevant neighbourhood (RR = 0.13, 95 % CI 0.04 – 0.34, p < 0.001). The preceding extreme climate events (extreme heat and extreme precipitation) influenced the rate of canine leptospirosis in opposite ways, with extreme rainfall at lag −13, −10 and −9 weeks significantly increased rate. The re-emergence of canine leptospirosis in southern NSW was multifactorial, with hydrological events likely the main driving factor. Increased pet owner awareness during and following such events is advocated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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