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The influence of relative humidity during the first 21 days post-hatch on the production performance, biochemical indices, and meat quality of Pekin ducks. 孵化后前 21 天相对湿度对北京鸭生产性能、生化指标和肉质的影响
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104473
Dongyue Sun, Congcong Xu, Yi Liu, Zichun Dai, Ziyi Pan, Rong Chen, Rihong Guo, Fang Chen, Zhendan Shi, Shijia Ying

This study aims to investigate the effects of different relative humidity (RH) during 4-21d of Beijing ducks on their condition at 42 d. A total of 48 Pekin duck were randomly allotted into 4 treatments (A:RH60 %, B:RH67 %,C:RH74 %,D:RH81 %), each having 3 replicates of 4 ducks. Different humidity treatments were applied from 4 to 21 days. At 42 d, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the 4 groups. Oblique body length in D was significantly higher than that in A (P < 0.05). Compared with A, the chest depth of the other groups was significantly increased, and the abdominal fat weight of B and C was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Liver weight and liver index in C and D significantly higher than that in B (p < 0.05). Abdominal fat ratio in B was significantly higher than that in A (P < 0.05). Cholesterol (CHOL) in D was significantly higher than that in A and C (P < 0.05), triglyceride (TG) in C was significantly higher than that in A and B (P < 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in B was significantly higher than that in A, C, and D (P < 0.05). pH in B was significantly higher than that in A (P < 0.05), brightness (L*) in A was significantly higher than that in B and C (P < 0.05), redness (a*) in B and C was significantly higher than that in A and D (P < 0.05), and yellowness (b*) in C was significantly lower than that in A and D (P < 0.05).The results indicate that the RH of environment during the brooding period has no impact on duck production performance but induces some oxidative stress damage and changes in meat quality. Additionally, ducks subjected to different RH treatments during the brooding period exhibit varying adaptability to the same environment as they mature.

本研究旨在探讨北京鸭4-21 d不同相对湿度(RH)对其42 d体况的影响。将48只北京鸭随机分为4个处理(A:RH60 %,B:RH67 %,C:RH74 %,D:RH81 %),每个处理3个重复,每个重复4只鸭。从 4 天到 21 天采用不同的湿度处理。42 d时,4组鸭的体重(BW)、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和饲料转化率(FCR)均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。D 组的斜体长明显高于 A 组(P < 0.05)。与 A 组相比,其他组的胸深明显增加,B 组和 C 组的腹脂重明显增加(P < 0.05)。C 组和 D 组的肝脏重量和肝脏指数明显高于 B 组(P < 0.05)。B 的腹脂比明显高于 A(P < 0.05)。D 的胆固醇(CHOL)明显高于 A 和 C(P < 0.05),C 的甘油三酯(TG)明显高于 A 和 B(P < 0.05),B 的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)明显高于 A、C 和 D(P < 0.05)。B 的 pH 值明显高于 A(P < 0.05),A 的亮度(L*)明显高于 B 和 C(P < 0.结果表明,育雏期环境相对湿度对鸭的生产性能没有影响,但会引起一些氧化应激损伤和肉质变化。此外,育雏期接受不同相对湿度处理的鸭子在成熟后对相同环境的适应性也不同。
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引用次数: 0
Effects supplementation of novel multi-enzyme on laying performance, egg quality, and intestinal health and digestive function of laying hens. 补充新型多酶对蛋鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋质量、肠道健康和消化功能的影响
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104461
Qixin Huang, Wuzhou Yi, Jinghui Fan, Rui Chen, Xin Ma, Zhou Chen, Wenzi Wu, Lichun Qian

This study investigated the effects of multi-enzyme supplementation on various aspects of laying hens, including laying performance, egg quality, intestinal health and digestive function. In total, 384 Jingfen No.6 laying hens at 65-week-age were randomly assigned to four distinct dietary treatments: a basal diet (CON), CON supplemented with 150 g/t multi-enzyme (T1), CON with 300 g/t multi-enzyme (T2), and 600 g/t multi-enzyme (T3). A significant linear (P = 0.044) and quadratic (P = 0.014) increase was observed in the laying rate, while the feed/egg ratio exhibited a linear (P = 0.001) and quadratic (P < 0.001) decrease with increasing multi-enzyme supplementation. Additionally, linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increases were observed in yolk rate and haugh unit with increasing levels of multi-enzyme supplementation. The trypsin activity in the duodenum and crude protein digestibility showed linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increase with the addition of multi-enzyme. Furthermore, lipase and amylase activities in the duodenum increased quadratically (P = 0.041) and linearly (P = 0.040), respectively. Both jejunal and ileal digesta viscosities showed linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) decrease with the increasing addition of multi-enzyme. Moreover, multi-enzyme supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the number of goblet cells in the intestinal of the treatment groups. The mRNA expression of Occludin-1, mucin 2 (MUC-2), large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 (LAT-1) in the jejunum were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) compared to the CON group. Additionally, the mRNA expression of solute carrier family 6-member 19 (B0AT-1) and large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 4 (LAT-4) were significantly evaluated (P < 0.05) in the T2 and T3 groups, respectively. In conclusion, multi-enzyme supplementation enhanced digestive enzyme activities and intestinal barrier function, reduced intestinal digesta viscosity, and regulated mRNA expression of intestinal amino acid and lipid transporter genes, thereby improving crude protein digestibility and positively affecting laying performance and egg quality in hens.

本研究调查了补充多酶对蛋鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋质量、肠道健康和消化功能等各方面的影响。将 384 只 65 周龄的京粉 6 号蛋鸡随机分配到四个不同的日粮处理中:基础日粮(CON)、CON 添加 150 克/吨多酶(T1)、CON 添加 300 克/吨多酶(T2)和 600 克/吨多酶(T3)。随着多酶添加量的增加,蛋鸡的产蛋率出现了明显的线性(P = 0.044)和二次方(P = 0.014)增长,而料蛋比则出现了线性(P = 0.001)和二次方(P < 0.001)下降。此外,随着多酶添加量的增加,蛋黄率和蛋黄单位分别呈线性(P < 0.05)和二次方(P < 0.05)增长。十二指肠中的胰蛋白酶活性和粗蛋白消化率随着多酶添加量的增加呈线性(P < 0.05)和二次方(P < 0.05)增长。此外,十二指肠中的脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性分别呈二次方(P = 0.041)和线性(P = 0.040)增长。空肠和回肠消化液粘度随着多酶添加量的增加呈线性下降(P < 0.05)和二次下降(P < 0.05)。此外,添加多酵素还能明显增加处理组肠道中小管细胞的数量(P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组(T1、T2和T3)空肠中Occludin-1、粘蛋白2(MUC-2)、大中性氨基酸转运体小亚基1(LAT-1)的mRNA表达量明显增加(P<0.05)。此外,T2组和T3组溶质运载家族6-成员19(B0AT-1)和大中性氨基酸转运体小亚基4(LAT-4)的mRNA表达量也分别得到了显著评估(P < 0.05)。总之,补充多酶制剂可提高消化酶活性和肠道屏障功能,降低肠道消化液粘度,调节肠道氨基酸和脂质转运体基因的mRNA表达,从而提高粗蛋白消化率,对蛋鸡的产蛋性能和鸡蛋品质产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Transcriptomic analysis of ileal adaptations and growth responses in growing hens supplemented with alanyl-glutamine dipeptide. 对补充丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺二肽的生长母鸡回肠适应性和生长反应的转录组分析
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104479
Usman Nazir, Zhenming Fu, Xucheng Zheng, Muhamamd Hammad Zafar, Zhi Yang, Zhiyue Wang, Haiming Yang

The growing phase of laying hens is crucial for growth and development due to its direct impact on their productivity during laying phase. During initial growth phase, intestinal tract undergoes rapid development which requires plenty of nutrients to help laying hens grow and mature. This study investigated the effect of Alanyl-Glutamine (Aln-Gln) levels on growth performance, ileal morphology and transcriptomic analysis of growing Hy-line brown hens. A total of 480 day old Hy-line brown chicks having similar body weight (BW) were randomly divided to be fed diets having 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% Aln-Gln for 6-wks (8 replicates/group, 15 birds/replicate). One bird from every pen was slaughtered and morphological parameters of ileum were evaluated. Results taken on day 42 revealed an improved average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (FBW) and feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) in the birds that consumed 0.2% and 0.3% Aln-Gln supplemented diet (P < 0.05). Ileal morphological assays showed that villus height, villus width and villus to crypts ratio (V/C) were significantly increased at 42 days of age in birds fed diets with 0.2% Aln-Gln (P<0.05). The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was executed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among groups that found 2265 DEGs (1256 up-regulated; 1009 down-regulated) in ileum tissue. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomic Pathway Enrichment Analysis, majority of DEGs indicated change in metabolic pathways. Genes related to growth factors, intestinal morphology and protein metabolism were up-regulated in test groups as compared to control group. In conclusion, addition of Aln-Gln to the diet improved growth performance and ileum development in growing hens; transcriptomic analysis revealed up-regulation of genes related to growth and intestinal morphology.

蛋鸡的生长阶段对其生长和发育至关重要,因为它直接影响到蛋鸡在产蛋期的生产率。在最初的生长阶段,肠道会迅速发育,需要大量的营养物质来帮助蛋鸡生长和成熟。本研究调查了丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Aln-Gln)水平对生长期褐壳蛋鸡的生长性能、回肠形态和转录组分析的影响。将体重(BW)相近的 480 只日龄褐线雏鸡随机分为四组,分别饲喂含 0%、0.1%、0.2% 和 0.3% Aln-Gln 的日粮 6 周(每组 8 个重复,每个重复 15 只鸡)。每栏宰杀一只鸡,评估回肠的形态参数。第 42 天的结果显示,饲喂添加 0.2% 和 0.3% Aln-Gln 的日粮的家禽的平均日增重 (ADG)、最终体重 (FBW) 和饲料与增重比 (F/G) 均有所提高(P < 0.05)。回肠形态测定显示,饲喂添加 0.2% Aln-Gln 的日粮的家禽在 42 日龄时,绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和绒毛与隐窝比率(V/C)均显著增加(P<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of the regulatory network and pathways in duodenum affecting chicken abdominal fat deposition. 十二指肠中影响鸡腹部脂肪沉积的调控网络和途径的特征。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104463
Zhijie Liu, Sibei Cheng, Xing Zhang, Miaomiao Yang, Jixiang Wei, Fei Ye, Zheng Ma, Huimin Kang, Zhengfen Zhang, Hua Li, Hai Xiang

The excessive accumulation of abdominal fat in chickens has resulted in a reduction in both the feed conversion efficiency and the slaughter yield. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways affecting abdominal fat deposition in the context of broiler breeding, a cohort of 400 Qingyuan partridge chickens with varying abdominal fat deposition was established. Whole transcriptome sequencing analyses were conducted on the duodenum of 20 representative chickens to ascertain the regulatory networks at this vital digestive and absorptive organ. Consequently, 116 differentially expressed genes were identified, exhibiting a trend of increasing or decreasing expression in correlation with the accumulation of abdominal fat. A total of 36 DEmRNAs, 170 DElncRNAs, 92 DEcircRNAs and 88 DEmiRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between chickens with extremely high and low abdominal fat deposition. The functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed RNA in the duodenum were involved in the regulation of chicken abdominal fat deposition by mediating a series of metabolic pathways, including the Wnt signaling pathway, the PPAR signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the FoxO signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and other signaling pathways that are involved in fatty acid metabolism and degradation. The construction of putative interaction pairs led to the suggestion of two lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks comprising two mRNAs, two miRNAs, and 29 lncRNAs, as well as two circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks comprising 26 mRNAs, 12 miRNAs, 17 lncRNAs, and nine circRNAs, as core regulatory networks in the duodenum affecting chicken abdominal fat deposition. The aforementioned genes including TMEM150C, REXO1, PIK3C2G, ppp1cb, PARP12, SERPINE2, LRAT, CYP1A1, INSR and APOA4, were proposed as candidate genes, while the miRNAs, including miR-107-y, miR-22-y, miR-25-y, miR-2404-x and miR-16-x, as well as lncRNAs such as ENSGALT00000100291, TCONS_00063508, TCONS_00061201 and TCONS_00079402 were the candidate regulators associated with chicken abdominal fat deposition. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular mechanisms of mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in duodenal tissues on abdominal fat deposition in chickens.

鸡腹部脂肪的过度积累导致了饲料转化效率和屠宰产量的降低。为了阐明肉鸡育种过程中影响腹部脂肪沉积的调控机制和代谢途径,我们建立了一个由400只腹部脂肪沉积不同的清远鹧鸪组成的队列。对 20 只具有代表性的鸡的十二指肠进行了全转录组测序分析,以确定这一重要消化吸收器官的调控网络。结果发现了 116 个差异表达基因,这些基因的表达量随腹部脂肪的积累呈上升或下降趋势。共鉴定出 36 个 DEmRNA、170 个 DElncRNA、92 个 DEcircRNA 和 88 个 DEmiRNA 在腹部脂肪含量极高和极低的鸡之间有差异表达。功能富集分析表明,十二指肠中差异表达的RNA通过介导一系列代谢通路参与鸡腹部脂肪沉积的调控,包括Wnt信号通路、PPAR信号通路、Hippo信号通路、FoxO信号通路、MAPK信号通路以及其他参与脂肪酸代谢和降解的信号通路。通过构建推定相互作用对,提出了由2个mRNA、2个miRNA和29个lncRNA组成的两个lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA网络,以及由26个mRNA、12个miRNA、17个lncRNA和9个circRNA组成的两个circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA网络,作为十二指肠中影响鸡腹部脂肪沉积的核心调控网络。上述基因包括 TMEM150C、REXO1、PIK3C2G、ppp1cb、PARP12、SERPINE2、LRAT、CYP1A1、INSR 和 APOA4,被认为是候选基因,而 miRNA 包括 miR-107-y、miR-22-y、miR-25-y、miR-2404-x和miR-16-x,以及ENSGALT00000100291、TCONS_00063508、TCONS_00061201和TCONS_00079402等lncRNA是与鸡腹部脂肪沉积相关的候选调控因子。该研究结果为十二指肠组织中的mRNA和非编码RNA影响鸡腹部脂肪沉积的分子机制提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Characterization of the regulatory network and pathways in duodenum affecting chicken abdominal fat deposition.","authors":"Zhijie Liu, Sibei Cheng, Xing Zhang, Miaomiao Yang, Jixiang Wei, Fei Ye, Zheng Ma, Huimin Kang, Zhengfen Zhang, Hua Li, Hai Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The excessive accumulation of abdominal fat in chickens has resulted in a reduction in both the feed conversion efficiency and the slaughter yield. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways affecting abdominal fat deposition in the context of broiler breeding, a cohort of 400 Qingyuan partridge chickens with varying abdominal fat deposition was established. Whole transcriptome sequencing analyses were conducted on the duodenum of 20 representative chickens to ascertain the regulatory networks at this vital digestive and absorptive organ. Consequently, 116 differentially expressed genes were identified, exhibiting a trend of increasing or decreasing expression in correlation with the accumulation of abdominal fat. A total of 36 DEmRNAs, 170 DElncRNAs, 92 DEcircRNAs and 88 DEmiRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between chickens with extremely high and low abdominal fat deposition. The functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed RNA in the duodenum were involved in the regulation of chicken abdominal fat deposition by mediating a series of metabolic pathways, including the Wnt signaling pathway, the PPAR signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the FoxO signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and other signaling pathways that are involved in fatty acid metabolism and degradation. The construction of putative interaction pairs led to the suggestion of two lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks comprising two mRNAs, two miRNAs, and 29 lncRNAs, as well as two circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks comprising 26 mRNAs, 12 miRNAs, 17 lncRNAs, and nine circRNAs, as core regulatory networks in the duodenum affecting chicken abdominal fat deposition. The aforementioned genes including TMEM150C, REXO1, PIK3C2G, ppp1cb, PARP12, SERPINE2, LRAT, CYP1A1, INSR and APOA4, were proposed as candidate genes, while the miRNAs, including miR-107-y, miR-22-y, miR-25-y, miR-2404-x and miR-16-x, as well as lncRNAs such as ENSGALT00000100291, TCONS_00063508, TCONS_00061201 and TCONS_00079402 were the candidate regulators associated with chicken abdominal fat deposition. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular mechanisms of mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in duodenal tissues on abdominal fat deposition in chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A dual strain probiotic administered via the waterline beneficially modulates the ileal and cecal microbiome, sIgA and acute phase protein levels, and growth performance of broilers during a dysbacteriosis challenge. 通过水线给药的双菌株益生菌能在肉鸡面临菌群失调挑战时,有效调节回肠和盲肠微生物群、sIgA 和急性期蛋白水平以及肉鸡的生长性能。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104462
S A S van der Klein, S S Arora, S Haldar, A K Dhara, K Gibbs

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is increasing in broilers due to the reduced use of antibiotics in feed. This study tested the effect of daily waterline administration of a dual-strain probiotic comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus AG01 and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis AG02, on growth performance and intestinal health during a 3-step microbial challenge. In total, 900 Ross 308 males were assigned to 36 floor pens (25 birds/pen, 12 pens/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a corn, wheat and soybean-meal based diet. Diets were formulated in 3 phases (starter: 1 to 10; grower: 11 to 24; finisher: 25 to 42 d of age). Treatments comprised a non-challenged control (NC), challenged control (CC), and the CC supplemented with 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/bird/day of the probiotic (CC+Probiotic). The challenge comprised 1 × 108 CFU/bird of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli on d 7, 4,000 oocysts/bird of Eimeria on d 15 and 1 × 109 CFU/bird of C. perfringens on d 18, 19 and 20. Growth performance was monitored over 42 d, blood samples, and digesta were collected and intestinal dysbacteriosis scoring was performed. Compared to NC birds, CC birds exhibited reduced BW (all phases), reduced feed intake (starter and grower phase), increased FCR (grower phase and overall; P < 0.05), reduced ileal lactic acid bacteria concentrations (d 24 and 42), and increased cecal E. coli (d 24; P < 0.05). Compared to CC birds, CC+Probiotic birds exhibited increased BW, BW gain and feed intake during grower phase (P < 0.05), increased ileal lactic acid bacteria at d 24 and 42 and reduced ileal C. perfringens at d 24, increased mucosal secretory IgA and reduced serum alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein at d 42. The overall growth performance of CC+Probiotic birds was equivalent to NC birds. These results confirm the efficacy of the dual strain probiotic for mitigating the negative effects of a multi-microbial challenge, improving gut health and growth performance in commercial broilers under dysbacteriosis challenge.

由于饲料中抗生素用量的减少,肉鸡肠道菌痢的发病率正在上升。本研究测试了在三步微生物挑战过程中,每天在水线上添加由嗜酸乳杆菌 AG01 和动物双歧杆菌亚种乳杆菌 AG02 组成的双菌株益生菌对生长性能和肠道健康的影响。在完全随机设计中,总共有 900 只罗斯 308 雄鸡被分配到 36 个地板围栏(25 只/围栏,12 个围栏/处理)。饲喂以玉米、小麦和豆粕为基础的饲料。日粮分 3 个阶段配制(开食期:1 至 10 日龄;生长期:11 至 24 日龄;育成期:25 至 42 日龄)。处理包括无挑战对照组(NC)、有挑战对照组(CC)和添加 1 × 108 菌落总数(CFU)/只/天益生菌的对照组(CC+益生菌)。挑战包括第 7 天 1 × 108 CFU/只禽的禽致病性大肠杆菌、第 15 天 4,000 个卵囊/只禽的艾美耳菌以及第 18、19 和 20 天 1 × 109 CFU/只禽的产气荚膜杆菌。在 42 天内监测生长性能,收集血液样本和消化液,并进行肠道菌群失调评分。与 NC 禽类相比,CC 禽类表现出体重下降(所有阶段)、采食量减少(开食期和生长期)、FCR 增加(生长期和总体;P < 0.05)、回肠乳酸菌浓度降低(第 24 天和第 42 天)和盲肠大肠杆菌增加(第 24 天;P < 0.05)。与 CC 鸡相比,CC+益生菌鸡在生长期的体重、增重和采食量均有所增加(P < 0.05),第 24 天和第 42 天回肠乳酸菌增加,第 24 天回肠产气荚膜杆菌减少,第 42 天粘膜分泌型 IgA 增加,血清甲型 1-酸糖蛋白减少。CC+益生菌禽类的总体生长性能与NC禽类相当。这些结果证实了双菌株益生菌在减轻多种微生物挑战的负面影响、改善肠道健康和生长性能方面的功效。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens: A meta-analysis. 抗生素生长促进剂(AGPs)对肉鸡饲料转化率(FCR)的影响:荟萃分析。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104472
Mohamed El-Fateh, Muhammad Bilal, Xin Zhao

Antibiotics have been used for a long time as growth promoters in the poultry industry for growth and health benefits. However, recent studies reflected little, no, or negative impacts of using antibiotics for growth promotion purposes. This study was designed to examine the overall effect of antibiotic supplementation on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broiler chickens as a performance indicator and assess different covariates for explaining heterogeneity in response to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. In this regard, FCRs obtained from articles that compared diets with and without antibiotics for broiler chickens were extracted from electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) as per PRISMA guidelines. The database comprised 42 scientific articles containing 74 experiments totaling 19,562 chickens. A basic meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to assess the overall impact of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on FCR of broiler chickens while a meta-regression analysis was used to assess different covariates (breed, antibiotic dose, location, time, presence of anticoccidial in the feed, antibiotic type, and housing type) to explain variations in true effect size of the studies. The basic meta-analysis of these studies revealed an overall improvement in FCR by 2.8 % (p < 0.05) due to addition of AGPs than the control group with the confidence interval range from 1.3 to 4.3 % and the prediction interval ranging between -10 and 16 %. The covariates, including breed, dose and location, provided the optimum model fit and explained 53 % of variations in the FCR across different studies. In summary, an overall marginal improvement has been observed in mean FCR of broiler chickens along with a wide range of variations in response to use of AGPs. The variations in true effects among these studies are subject to several confounding effects, particularly breed, dose and location. Considering the marginal positive effect of antibiotic usage in chicken performance, we recommend against using of AGP.

长期以来,家禽业一直使用抗生素作为生长促进剂,以促进生长和健康。然而,最近的研究表明,使用抗生素促进生长的影响很小、没有影响或有负面影响。本研究旨在考察补充抗生素对作为性能指标的肉鸡饲料转化率(FCR)的总体影响,并评估不同的协变量,以解释使用抗生素作为生长促进剂的异质性。为此,我们按照 PRISMA 指南从电子数据库(PubMed、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar)中提取了比较肉鸡使用和不使用抗生素日粮的 FCR。数据库包括 42 篇科学文章,包含 74 项实验,共计 19,562 只鸡。我们进行了基本荟萃分析和亚组分析,以评估抗生素生长促进剂(AGPs)对肉鸡FCR的总体影响,同时使用荟萃回归分析评估不同的协变量(品种、抗生素剂量、地点、时间、饲料中是否含有抗球虫药、抗生素类型和饲养类型),以解释研究中真实效应大小的差异。对这些研究进行的基本荟萃分析表明,与对照组相比,添加 AGPs 可使 FCR 整体提高 2.8%(p < 0.05),置信区间为 1.3% 至 4.3%,预测区间为 -10% 至 16%。包括品种、剂量和地点在内的协变量提供了最佳模型拟合效果,并解释了不同研究中 FCR 53% 的变化。总之,肉鸡的平均FCR总体上略有提高,但对AGPs的反应却有很大差异。在这些研究中,真实效果的差异受到多种干扰因素的影响,尤其是品种、剂量和地点。考虑到使用抗生素对鸡的生产性能仅有微弱的积极影响,我们建议不要使用 AGP。
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引用次数: 0
Balancing act: Studying the effect of perch space allowance on welfare in Canadian laying strain pullets raised in floor pens with access to a single-tier perch system to 18 wk of age. 平衡行为:研究栖架空间对加拿大产蛋品系小母鸡福利的影响,这些小母鸡在18周龄前在地面鸡舍饲养,可使用单层栖架系统。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104457
Carolin A B Adler, Tory Shynkaruk, Samantha McPhee, Kailyn Buchynski, Adelle Herr, Eugenia Herwig, Karen Schwean-Lardner

The rearing environment for pullets should mirror their later production environment as closely as possible. However, existing perch space recommendations are based on data for laying hens rather than pullets. This study explores the impact of perch space allowances on the welfare of Canadian laying strain pullets raised to 18 wk. Two trials were conducted with 1,032 Lohmann Brown-Lite (LB) and LSL-Lite (LW) pullets each. A randomized complete block (trial) design was used with a 4 (perch space) × 2 (strain) factorial arrangement. Birds were raised in 16 floor pens (3 × 3 m each; 897.67 cm2 per bird). Wooden perches were provided from d 1, allowing 6, 9, 12, or 15 cm perch space per pullet. Data were tested for normality, and log+1 transformed if necessary. Significance was declared at P≤0.05. Data were collected for basic health and functioning (body weight, mortality, pullet width, keel bone damage, and tibia bone parameters), affective states (comb damage, heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratios, and behavior), and natural living (perch usage and jumping success). Perch space did not affect mortality, keel bone damage, tibia breaking strength, comb damage, or H/L ratios. At 16 and 18 wk, LB body weight slightly increased while the LW body weight decreased with increasing perch space (P=0.05 and 0.02). At 3 wk, pullets spent a higher percentage of time wing flapping on the perch when provided 15 cm compared to 6 cm (P=0.04). During the scotoperiod at 18 wk, a higher percentage of birds perched with 12 and 15 cm perch space than 6 cm (P<0.01). Pullet width at 18 wk was 12.52 cm (sitting) and 11.66 cm (standing) for the LB and 13.85 cm (sitting) and 12.94 cm (standing) for the LW. Overall, perch space allowance had minor effects on the measured welfare indicators. Based on pullet width, a minimum of 12.5 cm for LW and 13.9 cm for LB pullets should be provided to allow all pullets to sit on the perch simultaneously.

小母鸡的饲养环境应尽可能接近其日后的生产环境。然而,现有的栖架空间建议是基于蛋鸡而非小母鸡的数据提出的。本研究探讨了饲养到 18 周的加拿大产蛋品系小母鸡的栖架空间对其福利的影响。两项试验各饲养了 1,032 只 Lohmann Brown-Lite (LB) 和 LSL-Lite (LW) 小母鸡。试验采用随机完全区组(试验)设计,因子排列为 4(栖架空间)×2(品系)。鸡在 16 个地面鸡栏(每个 3 × 3 m;每只鸡 897.67 cm2)中饲养。从第 1 天开始提供木质栖架,每只小鸡有 6、9、12 或 15 厘米的栖架空间。对数据进行正态性检验,必要时进行 log+1 转换。P≤0.05为显著性。收集的数据包括基本健康和机能(体重、死亡率、小蓝耳宽度、龙骨损伤和胫骨参数)、情感状态(梳子损伤、嗜异性细胞与淋巴细胞(H/L)比率和行为)以及自然生活(鲈鱼使用率和跳跃成功率)。栖木空间对死亡率、龙骨损伤、胫骨断裂强度、梳子损伤或 H/L 比率没有影响。在16和18周时,随着栖架空间的增加,LB体重略有增加,而LW体重下降(P=0.05和0.02)。3周时,当栖木高度为15厘米时,小鸡在栖木上拍翅的时间比例高于6厘米(P=0.04)。在 18 周的昼伏夜出期,12 厘米和 15 厘米的栖木空间比 6 厘米的栖木空间有更高比例的鸟类栖息(P=0.05 和 0.02)。
{"title":"Balancing act: Studying the effect of perch space allowance on welfare in Canadian laying strain pullets raised in floor pens with access to a single-tier perch system to 18 wk of age.","authors":"Carolin A B Adler, Tory Shynkaruk, Samantha McPhee, Kailyn Buchynski, Adelle Herr, Eugenia Herwig, Karen Schwean-Lardner","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rearing environment for pullets should mirror their later production environment as closely as possible. However, existing perch space recommendations are based on data for laying hens rather than pullets. This study explores the impact of perch space allowances on the welfare of Canadian laying strain pullets raised to 18 wk. Two trials were conducted with 1,032 Lohmann Brown-Lite (LB) and LSL-Lite (LW) pullets each. A randomized complete block (trial) design was used with a 4 (perch space) × 2 (strain) factorial arrangement. Birds were raised in 16 floor pens (3 × 3 m each; 897.67 cm<sup>2</sup> per bird). Wooden perches were provided from d 1, allowing 6, 9, 12, or 15 cm perch space per pullet. Data were tested for normality, and log+1 transformed if necessary. Significance was declared at P≤0.05. Data were collected for basic health and functioning (body weight, mortality, pullet width, keel bone damage, and tibia bone parameters), affective states (comb damage, heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratios, and behavior), and natural living (perch usage and jumping success). Perch space did not affect mortality, keel bone damage, tibia breaking strength, comb damage, or H/L ratios. At 16 and 18 wk, LB body weight slightly increased while the LW body weight decreased with increasing perch space (P=0.05 and 0.02). At 3 wk, pullets spent a higher percentage of time wing flapping on the perch when provided 15 cm compared to 6 cm (P=0.04). During the scotoperiod at 18 wk, a higher percentage of birds perched with 12 and 15 cm perch space than 6 cm (P<0.01). Pullet width at 18 wk was 12.52 cm (sitting) and 11.66 cm (standing) for the LB and 13.85 cm (sitting) and 12.94 cm (standing) for the LW. Overall, perch space allowance had minor effects on the measured welfare indicators. Based on pullet width, a minimum of 12.5 cm for LW and 13.9 cm for LB pullets should be provided to allow all pullets to sit on the perch simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and evaluation of three multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification assays for fowl adenovirus serotype 4. 针对鸡腺病毒血清 4 型的三种多酶等温快速扩增检测方法的开发与评估。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104452
Yin Dai, Yueyi Zhong, Fazhi Xu, Siqin Gu, Huiqin Zhou, Jieru Wang, Dongdong Yin, Lei Yin, Xuehuai Shen, Xiaocheng Pan, Xuelan Liu

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the main causative agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS), which has resulted in huge economic losses to the poultry industry in recent years. Hence, a rapid and simple visual detection method is needed for identification of FAdV-4. In this study, three multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) assays, basic MIRA, MIRA-qPCR and MIRA-LFD were developed for detection of FAdV-4. The amplification primers and reaction conditions were optimized, and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were evaluated. The MIRA assays were specific for FAdV-4 with no cross-reaction with novel goose astrovirus, H9 subtype avian influenza virus, duck enteritis virus, Muscovy duck reovirus, or duck circovirus. The basic MIRA assay required only one primer pair and the reaction can be completed within 30 min at 36 °C. The MIRA-qPCR and MIRA-LFD assays were completed in 20 min with a minimum detection limit of 1 × 101 copies/μL and 1 × 102 copies/μL, respectively. The results of the MIRA-LFD assay can be observed directly with the naked eye, omitting the need for specialized instruments. The positive rate of three proposed MIRA assays were consistent with that of the conventional PCR assay. The MIRA assays are simple, rapid, and effective diagnostic tools for field detection of FAdV-4.

鸡腺病毒血清型 4(FAdV-4)是心包积水肝炎综合征(HHS)的主要病原体,近年来给家禽业造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,需要一种快速、简单的肉眼检测方法来鉴定 FAdV-4。本研究开发了三种多酶等温快速扩增(MIRA)检测方法,即基本 MIRA、MIRA-qPCR 和 MIRA-LFD,用于检测 FAdV-4。对扩增引物和反应条件进行了优化,并对检测的特异性和灵敏度进行了评估。MIRA 检测法对 FAdV-4 具有特异性,与新型鹅天鹅病毒、H9 亚型禽流感病毒、鸭肠炎病毒、穆斯科维鸭再病毒或鸭圆环病毒没有交叉反应。基本的 MIRA 检测只需一对引物,反应可在 36 °C 下 30 分钟内完成。MIRA-qPCR 和 MIRA-LFD 检测在 20 分钟内完成,最低检测限分别为 1 × 101 拷贝/μL 和 1 × 102 拷贝/μL。MIRA-LFD 检测结果可直接用肉眼观察,无需专业仪器。三种拟议的 MIRA 检测法的阳性率与传统 PCR 检测法一致。MIRA 检测法是现场检测 FAdV-4 的简单、快速和有效的诊断工具。
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引用次数: 0
Supplementation of precision biotic leads to improved growth performance by modulating the microbiome of broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets 通过调节以玉米或小麦为基础日粮的肉鸡的微生物群,补充精准生物制剂提高生长性能
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104451
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a precision biotic (PB; Symphiome®, dsm-firmenich) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, litter quality, blood uric acid (UA) concentration, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, and ileal and cecal microbiome of broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets. One-day-old broiler chicks were placed in a completely randomized design (2 × 2 factorial scheme) in 4 treatments, 8 replicates/treatment, and 16 birds/replicate. The treatments were a corn or wheat and soybean meal-based diet without or with supplementation of 0.9 kg/MT of PB. All the birds were vaccinated against coccidiosis at the time of placement (Paracox 5). Growth performance was evaluated weekly and at the end of the experiment. At d 35, blood was collected to determine UA concentration and cecal content for SCFA concentration analysis. Ileal digesta was also collected for nutrient digestibility analysis, and ileal digesta and cecal content were collected for microbiome analysis. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05), and LSM was used to separate the means in case of interaction. During the starter and grower phases of the study, a better body weight gain (P = 0.0008 and P = 0.04, respectively) was observed in birds fed wheat compared to corn-based diets. From 28 to 36 d of age, the supplementation of PB increased feed intake (P = 0.05), and tended (P = 0.06) to improve the feed conversion ratio by 4.3 points vs non-supplementated birds. Birds fed wheat-based diets had higher (P = 0.02) blood UA than corn based-diets fed birds, and the supplementation of PB led to a reduction (P = 0.02) of blood UA compared to non-supplemented birds. The supplementation of PB changed the abundance of core metabolic pathways of the microbiome, mostly related to protein metabolism, which led to a reduction in blood UA concentration and increase of cecal SCFA concentrations. In conclusion, by beneficially modulating the microbiome, the supplementation of PB was translated into improved growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets.
本研究旨在评估精准生物制剂(PB;Symphiome®,dsm-firmenich)对饲喂玉米或小麦日粮的肉鸡的生长性能、营养物质消化率、粪便质量、血尿酸(UA)浓度、盲肠短链脂肪酸(SCFA)浓度以及回肠和盲肠微生物组的影响。在完全随机设计(2 × 2因子方案)中,将一天龄的肉用仔鸡分为 4 个处理,每个处理 8 个重复,每个重复 16 只。处理为不添加或添加每吨 0.9 千克 PB 的玉米或小麦和豆粕日粮。所有家禽在饲养时都接种了球虫病疫苗(Paracox 5)。每周和实验结束时对生长性能进行评估。第 35 天,收集血液以测定 UA 浓度,并收集盲肠内容物以分析 SCFA 浓度。还收集回肠消化物进行营养消化率分析,并收集回肠消化物和盲肠内容物进行微生物组分析。对数据进行双因素方差分析(P ≤ 0.05),如果存在交互作用,则使用 LSM 来分离均值。在研究的初生期和生长期,与玉米日粮相比,饲喂小麦日粮的家禽体重增加更快(分别为 P = 0.0008 和 P = 0.04)。从 28 日龄到 36 日龄,添加 PB 可提高采食量(P = 0.05),并且与未添加 PB 的鸟类相比,有提高饲料转化率 4.3 个百分点的趋势(P = 0.06)。饲喂小麦日粮的鸟类比饲喂玉米日粮的鸟类血液中的UA更高(P = 0.02),与未添加 PB 的鸟类相比,添加 PB 可降低血液中的 UA(P = 0.02)。补充 PB 改变了微生物组核心代谢途径的丰度(主要与蛋白质代谢有关),从而降低了血液中的 UA 浓度,增加了盲肠中的 SCFA 浓度。总之,通过对微生物组的有益调节,补充 PB 可改善以玉米或小麦为基础日粮的肉鸡的生长性能。
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引用次数: 0
Research note: Changes in chicken egg yolk metabolome during its spray drying and storage. 研究说明:鸡蛋黄代谢组在喷雾干燥和储存过程中的变化。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104453
Beibei Wang, Xialei Liu, Shugang Li, Shijian Dong, Putri Widyanti Harlina, Jinqiu Wang, Fang Geng

The differences in metabolites between fresh egg yolk (FEY), spray-dried egg yolk powder (SEY), and stored egg yolk powder (S-SEY) were quantitatively compared through metabolomic analysis. Total of 1004 metabolites were identified in the three groups of egg yolk samples. In pairwise group analysis, 242 differential metabolites were identified in FEY and SEY, 311 differential metabolites were identified in FEY and S-SEY, and 157 differential metabolites were identified in SEY and S-SEY. The analysis of differential metabolites with the highest abundance showed that amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids in FEY would undergo oxidation reactions after spray drying and storage and thus led to significant changes in the type and abundance of metabolites. The representative differential metabolites were then screened out for judging the freshness of egg yolk powder. Therefore, the results are highly important for evaluating the quality of egg yolk powder and provide important information for understanding the nutritional changes of egg yolk after spray drying and storage.

通过代谢组学分析,定量比较了新鲜蛋黄(FEY)、喷雾干燥蛋黄粉(SEY)和储存蛋黄粉(S-SEY)之间代谢物的差异。三组蛋黄样品中共鉴定出 1004 种代谢物。在配对组分析中,在 FEY 和 SEY 中鉴定出 242 个差异代谢物,在 FEY 和 S-SEY 中鉴定出 311 个差异代谢物,在 SEY 和 S-SEY 中鉴定出 157 个差异代谢物。对丰度最高的差异代谢物的分析表明,FEY 中的氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂类在喷雾干燥和贮藏后会发生氧化反应,从而导致代谢物的种类和丰度发生显著变化。然后筛选出具有代表性的差异代谢物,用于判断蛋黄粉的新鲜度。因此,这些结果对评价蛋黄粉的质量非常重要,并为了解蛋黄在喷雾干燥和储存后的营养变化提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
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Poultry Science
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