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Localization and expression of C1QTNF6 in chicken follicles and its regulatory effect on follicular granulosa cells. C1QTNF6 在鸡卵泡中的定位和表达及其对卵泡颗粒细胞的调节作用。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104538
Chong Li, Qi Li, Xing Wu, Zihao Zhang, Jing Li, Ruirui Jiang, Guoxi Li, Xiaojun Liu, Xiangtao Kang, Zhuanjian Li, Donghua Li, Yadong Tian

C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6 (C1QTNF6) is a newly discovered adiponectin analog that plays a significant role in female reproduction. However, its expression and function in chickens remain unclear. In this study, the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of chicken C1QTNF6 was cloned from adult chicken ovary. We demonstrated that the putative C1QTNF6 protein shares a highly conserved amino acid sequence with known bird homologs. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we observed that C1QTNF6 is widely expressed in adult chicken follicle tissues, predominantly in granulosa cells (GCs). In vitro, stimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) significantly increased the expression of C1QTNF6 in chicken preovulatory granulosa cells (PoGCs) and prehierarchical granulosa cells (PhGCs), respectively. Overexpression and knockdown experiments in granulosa cells revealed that C1QTNF6 affects the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells, reducing the expression of steroid hormone synthesis-related genes (STAR, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, and 3B-HSD) and hormones (progesterone and estrogen). In granulosa cells (GCs), co-treatment with C1QTNF6 and AdipoRon (an activator of adiponectin receptors) showed that AdipoRon promotes progesterone secretion, while C1QTNF6 inhibits AdipoR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) expression. There was no synergistic effect between C1QTNF6 and AdipoRon in steroid hormone production. Collectively, these findings suggest that C1QTNF6 may be a candidate gene for regulating follicular development and reproductive performance in chickens.

C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白6(C1QTNF6)是一种新发现的脂肪蛋白类似物,在雌性繁殖中发挥着重要作用。然而,它在鸡体内的表达和功能仍不清楚。本研究从成年鸡卵巢中克隆了鸡 C1QTNF6 的全长编码序列(CDS)。我们证明了推测的 C1QTNF6 蛋白与已知的鸟类同源物具有高度保守的氨基酸序列。利用实时定量 PCR(qRT-PCR)和荧光原位杂交(FISH),我们观察到 C1QTNF6 在成年鸡卵泡组织中广泛表达,主要是在颗粒细胞(GCs)中。在体外,卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)分别显著增加了C1QTNF6在鸡排卵前颗粒细胞(PoGCs)和层前颗粒细胞(PhGCs)中的表达。在颗粒细胞中的过表达和敲除实验表明,C1QTNF6会影响颗粒细胞的增殖和凋亡,降低类固醇激素合成相关基因(STAR、Cyp11a1、Cyp19a1和3B-HSD)和激素(孕酮和雌激素)的表达。在颗粒细胞(GCs)中,用 C1QTNF6 和 AdipoRon(一种脂肪连接素受体激活剂)共同处理显示,AdipoRon 促进孕酮分泌,而 C1QTNF6 则抑制 AdipoR1(脂肪连接素受体 1)的表达。C1QTNF6 和 AdipoRon 在类固醇激素分泌方面没有协同作用。这些研究结果表明,C1QTNF6 可能是调节鸡卵泡发育和繁殖性能的候选基因。
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引用次数: 0
Protective effect of adiponectin on oxidative stress-induced ovarian granulosa cell senescence in geese 脂联素对氧化应激诱导的鹅卵巢颗粒细胞衰老的保护作用
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104529
Yan Zheng , Yunqiao Qiu , Ming Gao, Qianhui Wang, Lei Yu, Zhongzan Cao, Xinhong Luan
Geese are susceptible to oxidative stress during breeding, leading to senescence of granulosa cells (GCs) and reduced egg production. Adiponectin (ADPN) is a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue that functions to regulate metabolism and antioxidants. However, its role in the regulation of goose GCs is unclear. To investigate this, senescence in primary goose GCs was induced by D-gal and assessed via RT‒qPCR, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics. The effect of ADPN on GC senescence was investigated by overexpressing and knocking down ADPN expression. The results showed that ADPN could alleviate oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in GCs, reduce the expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related genes IL-6 and IL-8, regulate the metabolic capacity of GCs, reduce the accumulation of SA-β-gal, maintain telomere length, and alleviate the senescence of GCs induced by D-gal. The RNA-seq results provided further evidence for the regulatory effect of ADPN on GC senescence. ADPN was shown to attenuate oxidative stress-induced GC senescence through the AGE (Advanced glycation end products)-RAGE (Receptor of advanced glycation end products) and NOD-like receptor pathways. These findings may contribute to the development of improved theoretical references for improving egg-laying performance and prolonging the service life of geese.
鹅在繁殖期间容易受到氧化应激,导致颗粒细胞(GCs)衰老和产蛋量下降。脂肪连素(ADPN)是一种由脂肪组织分泌的细胞因子,具有调节新陈代谢和抗氧化的功能。然而,它在鹅GCs调控中的作用尚不清楚。为了研究这个问题,我们用D-gal诱导了原代鹅胆细胞的衰老,并通过RT-qPCR、衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)染色、免疫荧光、流式细胞术和转录组学进行了评估。通过过表达和敲除 ADPN 的表达,研究了 ADPN 对 GC 衰老的影响。结果表明,ADPN能缓解GC的氧化应激和细胞周期停滞,降低衰老相关分泌表型(SASP)相关基因IL-6和IL-8的表达,调节GC的代谢能力,减少SA-β-gal的积累,维持端粒长度,缓解D-gal诱导的GC衰老。 RNA-seq结果进一步证明了ADPN对GC衰老的调控作用。研究表明,ADPN可通过AGE(高级糖化终产物)-RAGE(高级糖化终产物受体)和NOD样受体途径减轻氧化应激诱导的GC衰老。这些发现可能有助于为提高鹅的产蛋性能和延长鹅的使用寿命提供更好的理论参考。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of edible poultry slaughter residues: A chicken-liver hydrolysate with glucose-lowering ability and upregulating glycogenesis in type II diabetes. 可食用家禽屠宰残留物的利用:一种具有降糖能力并能上调 II 型糖尿病患者糖生成的鸡肝脏水解物。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104517
Yi-Ling Lin, Yu-Pei Chen, Sheng-Yao Wang, Yi-Feng Kao, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Yi-Chen Chen

Approximately 10,000 metric tons of broiler livers are yielded every year in Taiwan. However, due to unpleasant odor and health concern, these livers are typically discarded as waste in the slaughtering stream in most developed or developed countries. In alignment with global agrocycle policies, a biofunctional chicken-liver hydrolysate (CLH) has been developed. This study was to investigate the effects of CLHs on glucose homeostasis and complications in type II diabetes. Insulin resistance was induced in liver (FL83B) and muscle (C2C12) cells using 30 and 20 ng TNF-α/mL, respectively, resulting in decreased glucose uptake and lower expressions of IRβ, p-Akt/Akt, and p-GSK3/GSK. CLH supplementation significantly upregulated (p<0.05) glucose uptakes and these proteins. In db/db mice, CLH supplementation improved insulin resistance, as shown by OGTT assay, HOMA-IR value and serum glucose levels, while also reducing serum lipids and liver damage indices (p<0.05). Additionally, CLH ameliorated (p<0.05) decreased hindlimb-gastrocnemius weight, and liver lipid contents, oxidative stress (sera and liver) and inflammatory cytokines. Increased glycogen accumulation was visualized in PAS-stained liver and hindlimb tissues of db/db mice supplemented with CLHs, consistent with upregulated glycogenesis in TNF-α-induced liver and muscle cells through the IRβ-Akt-GSK3 pathway. These findings suggest CLH may offer a mitigation against hyperglycemia and associated complications in type II diabetes, while also highlighting a sustainable solution for utilizing poultry slaughter residues.

台湾每年大约生产 10,000 公吨肉鸡肝脏。然而,由于难闻的气味和对健康的担忧,这些鸡肝在大多数发达国家通常被作为废弃物丢弃在屠宰流程中。为配合全球农业循环政策,一种生物功能性鸡肝水解物(CLH)应运而生。本研究旨在探讨鸡肝水解物对 II 型糖尿病患者血糖稳态和并发症的影响。分别用30和20 ng TNF-α/mL诱导肝细胞(FL83B)和肌肉细胞(C2C12)产生胰岛素抵抗,导致葡萄糖摄取减少,IRβ、p-Akt/Akt和p-GSK3/GSK表达降低。补充CLH可明显上调(p
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引用次数: 0
Benzoic Acid potentiates intestinal IgA response in broiler chickens against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection 苯甲酸能增强肉鸡肠道 IgA 对秋伤寒沙门氏菌感染的反应。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104505
Junpeng Jia, Ruiling Liu, Rongfeng Tang, Jian Lin, Qian Yang
As a feed additive, Benzoic Acid (BA) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance feed conversion efficiency, regulate gastrointestinal pH, and improve overall animal health. Young animals, highly susceptible to S. Typhimurium infection, suffer from high mortality rates and substantial economic losses due to this pathogen. Despite promising indications of BA's immunomodulatory potential in boosting intestinal immunity, its underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates how BA strengthens intestinal anti-infection defenses in young animals via immunomodulatory pathways, focusing on its impact on macrophage polarization and IgA-mediated immune responses. Employing in vitro cell experiments and animal models, we examined the macrophage phenotypic alterations following BA treatment. We assessed the expression of immune-related genes in the intestine through immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results demonstrate that BA promotes M2 macrophage polarization by activating the mTOR/PPAR-γ/STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, BA enhances the intestinal expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIgR), B-cell activating factor (BAFF) from the TNF family, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), thereby enhancing IgA production by B-cells. These results underscore the potential of BA to bolster innate immune functions in young chickens, mitigate intestinal damage caused by S. Typhimurium infection, and ultimately promote both animal health and food safety.
作为一种饲料添加剂,苯甲酸(BA)已被证明可显著提高饲料转化效率、调节胃肠道 pH 值并改善动物整体健康。幼畜极易感染鼠伤寒杆菌,死亡率高,经济损失巨大。尽管有迹象表明 BA 在提高肠道免疫力方面具有良好的免疫调节潜力,但对其潜在机制的了解仍然不够。本研究探讨了 BA 如何通过免疫调节途径增强幼年动物的肠道抗感染防御能力,重点关注其对巨噬细胞极化和 IgA 介导的免疫反应的影响。通过体外细胞实验和动物模型,我们研究了BA治疗后巨噬细胞表型的改变。我们通过免疫荧光染色、Western 印迹和实时定量 PCR 评估了肠道中免疫相关基因的表达。结果表明,BA 通过激活 mTOR/PPAR-γ/STAT3 信号通路促进 M2 巨噬细胞极化。此外,BA 还能增强肠道中聚合免疫球蛋白受体(PIgR)、TNF 家族的 B 细胞活化因子(BAFF)和活化诱导胞苷脱氨酶(AID)的表达,从而提高 B 细胞的 IgA 产量。这些结果凸显了 BA 在增强幼鸡先天性免疫功能、减轻伤寒杆菌感染造成的肠道损伤以及最终促进动物健康和食品安全方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the role of long non-coding RNAs in chicken immune response to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection. 揭示长非编码 RNA 在鸡对高致病性禽流感 H5N1 感染的免疫反应中的作用。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104524
Thi Hao Vu, Chaeeun Kim, Anh Duc Truong, Jun-Mo Kim, Hyun S Lillehoj, Yeong Ho Hong

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a significant threat to global poultry production, necessitating effective control strategies to mitigate economic losses and ensure animal welfare. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of immune responses, yet their roles in AIV-infected chickens remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNAs and their targets in Vietnamese Ri chickens infected with the highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) H5N1. Through RNA sequencing, we identified novel lncRNAs and analyzed differentially expressed (DE) transcripts at 1 and 3 days post-infection (dpi) in chicken lung tissue. Our results revealed a higher number of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs at 1 dpi and 3 dpi, respectively, compared to control, with resistant chickens exhibiting a notably stronger immune response than susceptible chickens at 3 dpi. Functional analysis implicated these lncRNAs in immune-related pathways crucial for host responses to H5N1 viral infection. Furthermore, we identified lncRNA-mRNA interactions associated with antiviral responses and immune function. Notably, several genes involved in antiviral resistance and immune responses showed higher expression in resistant chickens, confirming their stronger antiviral response. Overall, our study provides insights into the role of lncRNAs in the host's response to HPAIV H5N1 infection in chickens and highlights potential candidates for further investigation into host-pathogen interactions. These findings could drive the development of novel control strategies for AIVs, significantly enhancing poultry health and biosecurity.

禽流感病毒(AIVs)对全球家禽生产构成了重大威胁,因此必须采取有效的控制策略来减少经济损失并确保动物福利。长非编码 RNA(lncRNA)已成为免疫反应的关键调节因子,但它们在 AIV 感染鸡中的作用仍鲜为人知。本研究旨在调查lncRNA及其靶标在感染高致病性AIV(HPAIV)H5N1的越南里鸡中的表达谱。通过RNA测序,我们鉴定了新型lncRNAs,并分析了感染后1天和3天(dpi)鸡肺组织中的差异表达(DE)转录本。我们的结果显示,与对照组相比,1 dpi 和 3 dpi 的 DE lncRNA 和 mRNA 数量更多,3 dpi 时,耐药鸡的免疫反应明显强于易感鸡。功能分析表明,这些lncRNA参与了对宿主应对H5N1病毒感染至关重要的免疫相关通路。此外,我们还发现了与抗病毒反应和免疫功能相关的lncRNA-mRNA相互作用。值得注意的是,一些参与抗病毒和免疫反应的基因在耐药鸡中的表达量更高,这证实了它们更强的抗病毒反应能力。总之,我们的研究深入揭示了lncRNA在宿主对鸡感染高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)H5N1的反应中的作用,并突出了进一步研究宿主-病原体相互作用的潜在候选基因。这些发现可能会推动新型禽流感病毒控制策略的开发,从而大大提高家禽健康和生物安全水平。
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引用次数: 0
Low protein diet influences mineral absorption and utilization in medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers from 1 to 30 days of age. 低蛋白日粮影响 1 至 30 日龄中生长黄羽肉鸡对矿物质的吸收和利用。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104512
Xiaoran Li, Chong Wang, Shunying Li, Liyang Zhang, Xiudong Liao, Lin Lu

Reduced-protein diet can save protein ingredients and reduce nitrogen (N) losses. However, the effect of low protein diet on the mineral uptake and utilization in broilers needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-protein diet on the growth performance, N deposition, mineral contents in serum, tissues and excreta, and the activities and gene expression of related enzymes in tissues of medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers, so as to elucidate the relationship between dietary protein level and the absorption and utilization of minerals in broilers. A total of 72 1-d-old Spotted-Brown male broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 treatments with 6 replicate cages of 6 birds per cage for each treatment. The dietary crude protein (CP) levels for the two treatments were 21 % (the control treatment) and 19 % (low protein treatment), respectively. The experimental period was 30 d. The results showed that no differences (P > 0.05) were detected in average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed: gain ratio of broilers during 1 to 30 d between the two treatments. However, low protein intake increased (P < 0.05) N retention rate, serum P, Cu and Mn, and excreta Cu, Mn and Zn, and decreased (P < 0.05) liver P and excreta P. In addition, birds fed low protein diet had higher (P < 0.05) manganese superoxide dismutase, and total superoxide dismutase activities in liver, and total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde content in heart, and lower (P < 0.05) copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and succinate dehydrogenase activities in liver and CuZnSOD mRNA level in heart. In conclusion, the reduction of dietary CP content from 21 % to 19 % improved N retention, the absorption of P, Cu and Mn, as well as the antioxidant ability of liver and heart, and influenced metabolic utilization of P, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers from 1 to 30 d of age.

低蛋白日粮可以节省蛋白质原料,减少氮(N)的损失。然而,低蛋白日粮对肉鸡矿物质吸收和利用的影响仍有待探讨。本研究旨在探讨低蛋白日粮对中生长黄羽肉鸡生长性能、氮沉积、血清、组织和排泄物中矿物质含量以及组织中相关酶的活性和基因表达的影响,从而阐明日粮蛋白质水平与肉鸡矿物质吸收和利用的关系。将 72 只 1 日龄斑褐雄性肉鸡随机分配到 2 个处理中的 1 个处理,每个处理 6 个重复笼,每笼 6 只。两种处理的日粮粗蛋白(CP)水平分别为 21%(对照处理)和 19%(低蛋白处理)。实验结果表明,两种处理的肉鸡在 1 至 30 天内的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无差异(P > 0.05)。然而,低蛋白日粮增加了(P < 0.05)氮的保留率、血清中的铅、铜和锰以及排泄物中的铜、锰和锌,降低了(P < 0.05)肝脏中的磷和排泄物中的磷。05),而肝脏中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性以及心脏中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶 mRNA 水平较低(P < 0.05)。总之,日粮中的 CP 含量从 21% 降至 19%,可提高 1 至 30 日龄中生长黄羽肉鸡的氮保留率、磷、铜和锰的吸收率以及肝脏和心脏的抗氧化能力,并影响磷、铜、锌、铁和锰的代谢利用。
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引用次数: 0
Research note: Simultaneous detection of GPV, H5 AIV, and GoAstV via TaqMan probe-based multiplex qPCR 研究说明:通过基于 TaqMan 探针的多重 qPCR 同时检测 GPV、H5 AIV 和 GoAstV。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104511
Xiaoquan Wang , Miao Cai , Xiaolong Lu , Qianqian Xu , Yanhong Wang , Wenhao Yang , Kaituo Liu , Ruyi Gao , Yu Chen , Jiao Hu , Min Gu , Shunlin Hu , Xiufan Liu , Xiaowen Liu
The endemic status of goose parvovirus (GPV), H5 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV), and goose astrovirus (GoAstV) infections continues to devastate the poultry industry in China. Despite this, there exists a notable gap in the application of molecular diagnostic techniques. This investigation described the development of a multiplex qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay capable of concurrently detecting GPV, H5 AIV, and GoAstV, with no cross-reactivity observed with other avian viral pathogens. The assay exhibited a detection threshold of 10 copies/μL for both GPV and GoAstV, and 1 copy/μL for H5 AIV. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were < 3.0%, signifying high repeatability within and across assay batches. Utilizing this multiplex qPCR assay, a batch of 60 clinical samples was analyzed to assess its practical utility. The detected prevalence rates for GoAstV, GPV, and H5 AIV were 35.0% (21/60), 21.7% (13/60), and 15.0% (9/60), respectively. Concurrent infections were also identified, with rates for GPV + GoAstV, GPV + H5 AIV, GoAstV + H5 AIV, and GPV + GoAstV + H5 AIV being 6.7% (4/60), 3.3% (2/60), 3.3% (2/60), and 3.3% (2/60), respectively. The developed multiplex qPCR assay exhibited a diagnostic concordance rate equivalent to that of traditional PCR techniques. This novel assay serves as a rapid, efficient, specific, and sensitive tool for the detection of prevalent goose viruses, thereby enhancing disease management strategies and epidemiological monitoring efforts.
鹅细小病毒(GPV)、H5 亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)和鹅星状病毒(GoAstV)感染的地方性流行状况继续对中国的家禽业造成严重破坏。尽管如此,分子诊断技术的应用仍存在明显差距。这项调查描述了一种多重定性聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测方法的开发过程,该方法能够同时检测 GPV、H5 AIV 和 GoAstV,而且与其他禽类病毒病原体没有交叉反应。该检测方法对 GPV 和 GoAstV 的检测阈值为 10 拷贝/μL,对 H5 AIV 的检测阈值为 1 拷贝/μL。测定内和测定间的变异系数均小于 3.0%,表明测定批次内和测定批次间的重复性很高。利用这种多重 qPCR 检测方法,对一批 60 份临床样本进行了分析,以评估其实用性。检测到的 GoAstV、GPV 和 H5 AIV 感染率分别为 35.0%(21/60)、21.7%(13/60)和 15.0%(9/60)。还发现了并发感染,GPV + GoAstV、GPV + H5 AIV、GoAstV + H5 AIV 和 GPV + GoAstV + H5 AIV 的感染率分别为 6.7%(4/60)、3.3%(2/60)、3.3%(2/60)和 3.3%(2/60)。所开发的多重 qPCR 检测法的诊断吻合率与传统 PCR 技术相当。这种新型检测方法是一种快速、高效、特异和灵敏的工具,可用于检测流行的鹅病毒,从而加强疾病管理策略和流行病学监测工作。
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引用次数: 0
Research note: Whole-genome sequencing revealed genomic diversity dynamics in duck conserved populations. 研究说明:全基因组测序揭示了鸭子保守种群的基因组多样性动态。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104509
Yu-Ze Yang, Zhong-Tao Yin, Xiao-Ran Lin, Chun-Ying Zhao, Fang-Xi Yang, Fei-Fan Chen, Zhuo-Cheng Hou

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the genetic diversity of the Pekin duck conserved population with five generations and to evaluate the effectiveness of the current conservation strategy. In total, 277 Pekin duck conserved individuals and 40 Mallards as ancestral controls were collected. Each duck was sequenced at about 10X whole-genome coverage, while over 7.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in total were detected for genetic diversity analysis. Both the expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity values exceeded 0.3. The genetic differentiation (FST) values ranged from 0.007 to 0.039, and the Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.29 to 0.34. These results indicate no significant differentiation between generations, and the genetic diversity remains high. In particular, the inbreeding coefficient has been strictly controlled and has not increased rapidly during the conservation. Overall, the inbreeding coefficient of the conserved Pekin duck population was higher than that of its wild ancestors, indicating that domestication has resulted in reduced genetic diversity. This is the first report using whole genome resequencing data to systematically evaluate the genomic dynamics across several generations in ducks. The results show that the strategy of free mating and random seed retention within sire families is effective for maintaining the genetic diversity of the conserved Pekin duck population.

本研究旨在全面分析北京鸭保护种群五代的遗传多样性,并评估当前保护策略的有效性。本研究共收集了 277 只北京鸭保守个体和 40 只野鸭作为祖先对照。对每只鸭子进行了约 10 倍全基因组覆盖测序,共检测到 740 多万个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),用于遗传多样性分析。预期杂合度和观察到的杂合度值均超过 0.3。遗传分化(FST)值在 0.007 至 0.039 之间,多态性信息含量(PIC)值在 0.29 至 0.34 之间。这些结果表明,世代之间没有明显的差异,遗传多样性仍然很高。尤其是近交系数得到了严格控制,在保护过程中没有出现快速增长。总体而言,受保护的北京鸭种群的近交系数高于其野生祖先的近交系数,表明驯化导致了遗传多样性的降低。这是第一份利用全基因组重测序数据系统评估鸭子几代基因组动态的报告。结果表明,在父系家族内自由交配和随机留种的策略能有效维持北京鸭种群的遗传多样性。
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引用次数: 0
A PLIN1 polymorphism is associated with fat production in male emus PLIN1多态性与雄性鸸鹋的脂肪产量有关。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104513
Yuichi Koshiishi , Ryo Takahashi , Michiko Murata-Okubo , Yuichi Kameyama , Kousaku Souma , Hiroki Hirayama , Kenta Wada
The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a novel poultry species that produces meat, eggs, and fat. Although emus have recently been domesticated, genetic improvements to establish strains have scarcely progressed. In this study, we investigated the relationship between production traits and perilipin 1-encoding gene (PLIN1) polymorphisms in the emus. We determined the partial complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of the PLIN1, which is involved in lipid droplet formation. We identified four nucleotide substitution sites (c.270C>T, c.321T>C, c.587A>T, and c.639C>T) in the PLIN1 gene of emus. Of these, c.587A>T is a non-synonymous substitution that converts lysine to methionine at the 196th codon (p.K196M). Although p.K196M was predicted to affect the production traits of emus, a large deflection in genotype frequency was observed in this study; thus, we could not investigate the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. In males, the fat yields of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes in c.270C>T were 0.25 ± 0.06, 0.22 ± 0.06, and 0.21 ± 0.07 kg, respectively, while the meat yields of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes in c.270C>T were 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.16 ± 0.02, and 0.16 ± 0.03 kg, respectively. These results indicate that male emus with the CC genotype had a significantly higher fat content and lower meat productivity than male emus with the other genotypes (P < 0.05). Therefore, c.270C>T in PLIN1 affects fat and meat production in males. Our findings may contribute to the effective genetic improvement of the emus.
鸸鹋(Dromaius novaehollandiae)是一种新型家禽,可产肉、蛋和脂肪。虽然鸸鹋最近已被驯化,但建立品系的遗传改良工作进展甚微。本研究调查了鸸鹋的生产性状与围脂素 1 编码基因(PLIN1)多态性之间的关系。我们测定了参与脂滴形成的 PLIN1 的部分互补 DNA(cDNA)序列。我们在鸸鹋的 PLIN1 基因中发现了四个核苷酸替换位点(c.270C>T、c.321T>C、c.587A>T 和 c.639C>T)。其中,c.587A>T 是一个非同义替换,可将第 196 个密码子上的赖氨酸转换为蛋氨酸(p.K196M)。虽然p.K196M预计会影响鸸鹋的生产性状,但在本研究中观察到基因型频率有很大偏差,因此我们无法研究基因型与表型之间的关系。在雄性鸸鹋中,c.270C>T的CC、CT和TT基因型的脂肪产量分别为0.25 ± 0.06、0.22 ± 0.06和0.21 ± 0.07千克,而c.270C>T的CC、CT和TT基因型的肉产量分别为0.15 ± 0.01、0.16 ± 0.02和0.16 ± 0.03千克。这些结果表明,与其他基因型的雄性鸸鹋相比,CC基因型的雄性鸸鹋脂肪含量明显较高,肉产量较低(P < 0.05)。因此,PLIN1中的c.270C>T会影响雄性鸸鹋的脂肪和肉产量。我们的研究结果可能有助于鸸鹋的有效遗传改良。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring poultry social dynamics using colored tags: Avian visual perception, behavioral effects, and artificial intelligence precision. 使用彩色标签监测家禽的社会动态:禽类视觉感知、行为效应和人工智能精度。
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104464
Florencia B Rossi, Nicola Rossi, Gabriel Orso, Lucas Barberis, Raul H Marin, Jackelyn M Kembro

Artificial intelligence (AI) in animal behavior and welfare research is on the rise. AI can detect behaviors and localize animals in video recordings, thus it is a valuable tool for studying social dynamics. However, maintaining the identity of individuals over time, especially in homogeneous poultry flocks, remains challenging for algorithms. We propose using differentially colored "backpack" tags (black, gray, white, orange, red, purple, and green) detectable with computer vision (eg. YOLO) from top-view video recordings of pens. These tags can also accommodate sensors, such as accelerometers. In separate experiments, we aim to: (i) evaluate avian visual perception of the different colored tags; (ii) assess the potential impact of tag colors on social behavior; and (iii) test the ability of the YOLO model to accurately distinguish between different colored tags on Japanese quail in social group settings. First, the reflectance spectra of tags and feathers were measured. An avian visual model was applied to calculate the quantum catches for each spectrum. Green and purple tags showed significant chromatic contrast to the feather. Mostly tags presented greater luminance receptor stimulation than feathers. Birds wearing white, gray, purple, and green tags pecked significantly more at their own tags than those with black (control) tags. Additionally, fewer aggressive interactions were observed in groups with orange tags compared to groups with other colors, except for red. Next, heterogeneous groups of 5 birds with different color tags were videorecorded for 1 h. The precision and accuracy of YOLO to detect each color tag were assessed, yielding values of 95.9% and 97.3%, respectively, with most errors stemming from misclassifications between black and gray tags. Lastly using the YOLO output, we estimated each bird's average social distance, locomotion speed, and the percentage of time spent moving. No behavioral differences associated with tag color were detected. In conclusion, carefully selected colored backpack tags can be identified using AI models and can also hold other sensors, making them powerful tools for behavioral and welfare studies.

人工智能(AI)在动物行为和福利研究中的应用正呈上升趋势。人工智能可以检测视频记录中的行为并定位动物,因此是研究社会动态的重要工具。然而,随着时间的推移,尤其是在同质家禽群中,保持个体的身份对算法来说仍是一项挑战。我们建议使用不同颜色的 "背包 "标签(黑色、灰色、白色、橙色、红色、紫色和绿色),这些标签可通过计算机视觉(如 YOLO)从鸡舍的俯视视频记录中检测到。这些标签还可以安装加速度计等传感器。在不同的实验中,我们的目标是(i) 评估鸟类对不同颜色标签的视觉感知;(ii) 评估标签颜色对社会行为的潜在影响;(iii) 测试 YOLO 模型在社会群体环境中准确区分日本鹌鹑身上不同颜色标签的能力。首先,测量了标签和羽毛的反射光谱。应用鸟类视觉模型计算每个光谱的量子捕获量。绿色和紫色标签与羽毛的色度对比明显。与羽毛相比,大部分标签对亮度感受器的刺激更大。佩戴白色、灰色、紫色和绿色标签的鸟啄自己标签的次数明显多于佩戴黑色(对照组)标签的鸟。此外,与贴有其他颜色标签(红色除外)的鸟类相比,贴有橙色标签的鸟类攻击性互动较少。对 YOLO 检测每种颜色标签的精确度和准确度进行了评估,结果分别为 95.9% 和 97.3%,其中大部分误差来自于对黑色和灰色标签的错误分类。最后,我们利用 YOLO 的输出结果估算了每只鸟的平均社交距离、运动速度和运动时间百分比。我们没有发现与标签颜色有关的行为差异。总之,经过精心挑选的彩色背包标签可以使用人工智能模型进行识别,还可以安装其他传感器,是行为和福利研究的有力工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Poultry Science
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