Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106507
Ruibiao Wang , Yukai Lin , Yu Xia , Suxian Liu , Doudou Feng , Siyang Li , Tengyue Zhou , Huarun Sun , Jiyuan Shen , Bo Wen , Minghui Li , Chengshui Liao , Baoliang Qin , Jianhe Hu , Yuanfang Ma , Ke Ding , Lei Wang
Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to global food safety and poultry production, prompting the need for effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics in food-producing animals. In this study, a recombinant food-grade strain, L. lactis NZ-BB, was engineered to express a fusion antimicrobial peptide (BMAP18-BSN37), and evaluated its probiotic characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy against Salmonella, a major foodborne pathogen in chicken. The recombinant plasmid pUBB was successfully constructed and introduced into L. lactis NZ9000, with optimal peptide expression achieved following Nisin induction (20 ng/mL, 6 h). NZ-BB demonstrated stable plasmid maintenance, high expression levels, and no detectable metabolic burden. In vivo trials using BALB/c murine and 817 strain avian models showed that NZ-BB enhanced body weight gain, supported immune organ development, and improved intestinal barrier integrity through upregulation of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-4), while reducing pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17a). Importantly, oral administration of NZ-BB significantly reduced intestinal and systemic Salmonella burdens, mitigated tissue damage, and restored immune balance in both mice and chicks. Furthermore, NZ-BB regulated the expression of innate immune receptors (e.g., NLRC3) and matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP-1), highlighting its immunomodulatory potential. These results underscore the dual probiotic and antimicrobial functionality of NZ-BB and support its potential use as a food-safe microbial agent to improve animal health and reduce the risk of Salmonella contamination in the food chain.
{"title":"Probiotic and antibacterial properties of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing the fusion antimicrobial peptides BMAP18-BSN37 in mice and chickens","authors":"Ruibiao Wang , Yukai Lin , Yu Xia , Suxian Liu , Doudou Feng , Siyang Li , Tengyue Zhou , Huarun Sun , Jiyuan Shen , Bo Wen , Minghui Li , Chengshui Liao , Baoliang Qin , Jianhe Hu , Yuanfang Ma , Ke Ding , Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to global food safety and poultry production, prompting the need for effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics in food-producing animals. In this study, a recombinant food-grade strain, <em>L. lactis</em> NZ-BB, was engineered to express a fusion antimicrobial peptide (BMAP18-BSN37), and evaluated its probiotic characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy against <em>Salmonella</em>, a major foodborne pathogen in chicken. The recombinant plasmid pUBB was successfully constructed and introduced into <em>L. lactis</em> NZ9000, with optimal peptide expression achieved following Nisin induction (20 ng/mL, 6 h). NZ-BB demonstrated stable plasmid maintenance, high expression levels, and no detectable metabolic burden. <em>In vivo</em> trials using BALB/c murine and 817 strain avian models showed that NZ-BB enhanced body weight gain, supported immune organ development, and improved intestinal barrier integrity through upregulation of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-4), while reducing pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17a). Importantly, oral administration of NZ-BB significantly reduced intestinal and systemic <em>Salmonella</em> burdens, mitigated tissue damage, and restored immune balance in both mice and chicks. Furthermore, NZ-BB regulated the expression of innate immune receptors (e.g., NLRC3) and matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP-1), highlighting its immunomodulatory potential. These results underscore the dual probiotic and antimicrobial functionality of NZ-BB and support its potential use as a food-safe microbial agent to improve animal health and reduce the risk of <em>Salmonella</em> contamination in the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106505
Khaled Abouelezz , Luli Zhou , Mohamed Abdelhameed Mohamed Sayed , Ahmed Khalaf Hassan , Abdelmotaleb Elokil , Ashraf Mohamed Abdelmalek , Wael A. Omar , Esmat Farouk Ali , Guanyu Hou , Dingfa Wang
This study evaluated the effects of dietary Piper sarmentosum leaf extract (PSE) on the antioxidant capacity, immunity, jejunal morphology, meat quality, and performance of broilers exposed to high ambient temperatures. A total of 240 one-day-old Cobb-500 male broilers were distributed into 20 floor pens and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with five replicates each (12 birds/replicate). Treatment 1 (TN-control) was fed a basal diet (BD) and kept under thermoneutral conditions. Treatment 2 (HS-control) was fed the BD and exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS) from d 22 to 35. Treatments 3 and 4 were subjected to the same HS regime but were fed the BD supplemented with 100 (PSE100) or 300 (PSE300) mg PSE/kg diet from d 1 to 35. Though growth performance parameters were less affected, the HS-control, compared to the TN-control, exhibited lower IgY levels, reduced antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and decreased activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Heat stress also increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations by 8 % and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and IgM contents by 8.8 % and 17.6 %, respectively. PSE supplementation effectively reversed these impairments, restoring antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, and GPx) activities and enhancing serum immunoglobulins and NDV antibody titers to levels comparable to or exceeding the TN-control. The results indicate that PSE at an inclusion level of 100 mg/kg serves as an effective natural feed supplement for enhancing antioxidant capacity and immune function in heat-stressed broilers.
{"title":"The antioxidant function of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. alcoholic extract in heat-stressed broilers","authors":"Khaled Abouelezz , Luli Zhou , Mohamed Abdelhameed Mohamed Sayed , Ahmed Khalaf Hassan , Abdelmotaleb Elokil , Ashraf Mohamed Abdelmalek , Wael A. Omar , Esmat Farouk Ali , Guanyu Hou , Dingfa Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of dietary <em>Piper sarmentosum</em> leaf extract (<strong>PSE</strong>) on the antioxidant capacity, immunity, jejunal morphology, meat quality, and performance of broilers exposed to high ambient temperatures. A total of 240 one-day-old Cobb-500 male broilers were distributed into 20 floor pens and randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with five replicates each (12 birds/replicate). Treatment 1 (<strong>TN-control</strong>) was fed a basal diet (<strong>BD</strong>) and kept under thermoneutral conditions. Treatment 2 (<strong>HS-control</strong>) was fed the BD and exposed to cyclic heat stress (<strong>HS)</strong> from d 22 to 35. Treatments 3 and 4 were subjected to the same HS regime but were fed the BD supplemented with 100 (<strong>PSE100</strong>) or 300 (<strong>PSE300</strong>) mg PSE/kg diet from d 1 to 35. Though growth performance parameters were less affected, the HS-control, compared to the TN-control, exhibited lower IgY levels, reduced antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus (<strong>NDV</strong>), and decreased activities of catalase (<strong>CAT</strong>) and glutathione peroxidase (<strong>GPx</strong>). Heat stress also increased serum malondialdehyde (<strong>MDA</strong>) concentrations by 8 % and reduced superoxide dismutase (<strong>SOD</strong>) activity and IgM contents by 8.8 % and 17.6 %, respectively. PSE supplementation effectively reversed these impairments, restoring antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, and GPx) activities and enhancing serum immunoglobulins and NDV antibody titers to levels comparable to or exceeding the TN-control. The results indicate that PSE at an inclusion level of 100 mg/kg serves as an effective natural feed supplement for enhancing antioxidant capacity and immune function in heat-stressed broilers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106509
Xuetong Wang , Bin Tian , Zaihui Liu , Dongjie Cai , Yanming Tian , Mingshu Wang , Ying Wu , Qiao Yang , Shaqiu Zhang , Dekang Zhu , Mafeng Liu , Xinxin Zhao , Di Sun , Juan Huang , Xumin Ou , Zhen Wu , Yu He , Renyong Jia , Shun Chen , Anchun Cheng
Duck plague virus (DPV) is the causative agent of duck plague (DP), an acute and highly fatal disease that inflicts substantial economic losses in the waterfowl industry. The virus acquires its envelope from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus during virion assembly. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs available, making the development of novel anti-DPV drugs critically important. Brefeldin A (BFA) is an antibiotic known to disrupt endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport and inhibit the replication of various enveloped viruses. However, its inhibitory effect and mechanism on DPV infection remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that BFA effectively inhibits DPV replication in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Time-addition and antiviral duration analysis revealed that BFA mainly exerts therapeutic inhibitory effects after viral infection, and its effect is most significant within 48 hours after infection. Further investigation indicated that BFA does not affect the classical stages of the DPV life cycle, including viral adsorption, endocytosis, genome replication, or release. Instead, it significantly suppresses direct cell-to-cell spread. Mechanistic studies showed that BFA disrupts the normal subcellular localization and punctate distribution of the viral tegument protein UL51 and the envelope glycoprotein gC (encoded by UL44), causing their dispersion throughout the cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further confirmed that BFA leads to the accumulation of numerous DPV nucleocapsids in the nucleus, with unenveloped viral particles observed at the nuclear membrane. Meanwhile, the number of mature, enveloped virions in the cytoplasm was markedly reduced. In conclusion, BFA can significantly inhibit the replication of DPV in DEF cells and is a potent antiviral drug targeting DPV.
鸭瘟病毒（DPV）是鸭瘟（DP）的病原体，鸭瘟是一种急性和高度致命的疾病，给水禽产业造成了巨大的经济损失。病毒在病毒粒子组装过程中从内质网（ER）和高尔基体获得包膜。目前，还没有特异性抗病毒药物可用，因此开发新型抗dpv药物至关重要。Brefeldin A （BFA）是一种已知的抗生素，可破坏内质网-高尔基转运并抑制各种包膜病毒的复制。然而，其对DPV感染的抑制作用和机制尚不清楚。我们的研究表明，BFA有效地抑制DPV在鸭胚成纤维细胞（DEF）中的复制，并呈浓度依赖性。时间相加和抗病毒持续时间分析显示，BFA主要在病毒感染后发挥治疗抑制作用，且在感染后48 h内效果最为显著。进一步的研究表明，BFA不影响DPV生命周期的经典阶段，包括病毒吸附、内吞作用、基因组复制或释放。相反，它能显著抑制细胞间的直接扩散。机制研究表明，BFA破坏了病毒被膜蛋白UL51和包膜糖蛋白gC （UL44编码）的正常亚细胞定位和点状分布，导致它们在细胞质中分散。透射电镜（TEM）进一步证实，BFA导致大量DPV核衣壳在细胞核内积聚，在核膜处观察到未包膜的病毒颗粒。同时，细胞质中成熟包膜病毒粒子的数量明显减少。综上所述，BFA能显著抑制DPV在DEF细胞中的复制，是一种有效的靶向DPV的抗病毒药物。
{"title":"Brefeldin A inhibits duck plague virus replication by impairing virion envelopment","authors":"Xuetong Wang , Bin Tian , Zaihui Liu , Dongjie Cai , Yanming Tian , Mingshu Wang , Ying Wu , Qiao Yang , Shaqiu Zhang , Dekang Zhu , Mafeng Liu , Xinxin Zhao , Di Sun , Juan Huang , Xumin Ou , Zhen Wu , Yu He , Renyong Jia , Shun Chen , Anchun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duck plague virus (DPV) is the causative agent of duck plague (DP), an acute and highly fatal disease that inflicts substantial economic losses in the waterfowl industry. The virus acquires its envelope from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus during virion assembly. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs available, making the development of novel anti-DPV drugs critically important. Brefeldin A (BFA) is an antibiotic known to disrupt endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport and inhibit the replication of various enveloped viruses. However, its inhibitory effect and mechanism on DPV infection remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that BFA effectively inhibits DPV replication in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Time-addition and antiviral duration analysis revealed that BFA mainly exerts therapeutic inhibitory effects after viral infection, and its effect is most significant within 48 hours after infection. Further investigation indicated that BFA does not affect the classical stages of the DPV life cycle, including viral adsorption, endocytosis, genome replication, or release. Instead, it significantly suppresses direct cell-to-cell spread. Mechanistic studies showed that BFA disrupts the normal subcellular localization and punctate distribution of the viral tegument protein UL51 and the envelope glycoprotein gC (encoded by UL44), causing their dispersion throughout the cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further confirmed that BFA leads to the accumulation of numerous DPV nucleocapsids in the nucleus, with unenveloped viral particles observed at the nuclear membrane. Meanwhile, the number of mature, enveloped virions in the cytoplasm was markedly reduced. In conclusion, BFA can significantly inhibit the replication of DPV in DEF cells and is a potent antiviral drug targeting DPV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106508
Raiane dos Santos Silva , Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro , Adiel Vieira de Lima , Paloma Eduarda Lopes de Souza , Edijanio Galdino da Silva , Isabelle Naemi Kaneko , Cleber Franklin Santos de Oliveira , Carlos Henrique do Nascimento , Dayane Albuquerque da Silva , Fernando Guilherme Perazzo da Costa , Edilson Paes Saraiva , Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho , Ricardo Romão Guerra
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytase superdosing in the diet of Japanese quails subjected to different thermal conditions on productive performance, egg characteristics, intestinal morphometry, and physiological parameters. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of five phytase levels (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 3000 FTU/kg) and three temperatures (24, 30, and 36°C), with six replicates of eight birds each. The performance variables evaluated included feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen eggs. Egg quality was assessed by yolk color, shell thickness, specific gravity, Haugh units, and proportions of yolk, albumen, and shell. Spleen, liver, heart, and abdominal fat weights were also measured, along with duodenum and jejunum morphometry. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, and regression analysis. Birds kept at 36°C showed lower feed intake compared with those maintained at 24 and 30°C (P < 0.001), with no significant effect of phytase on performance. Supplementation with 1500 FTU increased eggshell thickness at 36°C (P < 0.001). A temperature × phytase interaction was observed for liver weight (p = 0.010), whereas heart weight was higher at 24°C compared with 36°C (P = 0.005). The effects of phytase on duodenal morphometry were temperature-dependent, with the greatest absorptive area observed with 3000 FTU at 30°C (P < 0.001). The temperature of 24°C resulted in the best morphological parameters and the lowest hepatic glycogen index. It is concluded that although quails tolerate temperatures of 36°C, the best productive responses occur at 30°C. Therefore, the use of 1000 to 1500 FTU is recommended, as these levels provided benefits to intestinal morphometry and egg quality.
{"title":"Productive and morphological responses of japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) supplemented with phytase superdosing at different temperatures","authors":"Raiane dos Santos Silva , Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro , Adiel Vieira de Lima , Paloma Eduarda Lopes de Souza , Edijanio Galdino da Silva , Isabelle Naemi Kaneko , Cleber Franklin Santos de Oliveira , Carlos Henrique do Nascimento , Dayane Albuquerque da Silva , Fernando Guilherme Perazzo da Costa , Edilson Paes Saraiva , Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho , Ricardo Romão Guerra","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytase superdosing in the diet of Japanese quails subjected to different thermal conditions on productive performance, egg characteristics, intestinal morphometry, and physiological parameters. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of five phytase levels (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 3000 FTU/kg) and three temperatures (24, 30, and 36°C), with six replicates of eight birds each. The performance variables evaluated included feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen eggs. Egg quality was assessed by yolk color, shell thickness, specific gravity, Haugh units, and proportions of yolk, albumen, and shell. Spleen, liver, heart, and abdominal fat weights were also measured, along with duodenum and jejunum morphometry. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, and regression analysis. Birds kept at 36°C showed lower feed intake compared with those maintained at 24 and 30°C (<em>P</em> < 0.001), with no significant effect of phytase on performance. Supplementation with 1500 FTU increased eggshell thickness at 36°C (<em>P</em> < 0.001). A temperature × phytase interaction was observed for liver weight (<em>p</em> = 0.010), whereas heart weight was higher at 24°C compared with 36°C (<em>P</em> = 0.005). The effects of phytase on duodenal morphometry were temperature-dependent, with the greatest absorptive area observed with 3000 FTU at 30°C (<em>P</em> < 0.001). The temperature of 24°C resulted in the best morphological parameters and the lowest hepatic glycogen index. It is concluded that although quails tolerate temperatures of 36°C, the best productive responses occur at 30°C. Therefore, the use of 1000 to 1500 FTU is recommended, as these levels provided benefits to intestinal morphometry and egg quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of curcumin (CUR)- and capsaicin (CAP)- loaded nanoemulsion on blood biochemical changes, oxidative status, jejunal morphology, inflammatory parameters, and performance of slow-growing Korat chickens (KRC) raised under high stocking density (HSD). A total of 480 male KRC (21 d of age) were allocated into four groups: (1) HSD without supplementation, (2) normal stocking density (NSD) without supplementation, (3) HSD supplemented with CUR and CAP in powdered form (P-CUR+CAP), and (4) HSD supplemented with CUR- and CAP-loaded nanoemulsions (NE-CUR+CAP). Chickens receiving NE-CUR+CAP showed no adverse changes in liver or kidney function compared with other groups. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was reduced in NE-CUR+CAP group relative to HSD group and was comparable with NSD and P-CUR+CAP groups (P < 0.05). NE-CUR+CAP also lowered levels of TBA in the liver and jejunum while enhancing hepatic superoxide dismutase activity compared with HSD group (P < 0.05). Villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, anti-inflammatory response, and cecal Lactobacillus counts were improved, whereas crypt depth and cecal Escherichia coli were reduced in the NE-CUR+CAP group (P < 0.05). Although feed intake, BW, and body weight gain were not affected, the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in NE-CUR+CAP compared with HSD group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, NE-CUR+CAP mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation, improved intestinal health, and enhanced feed efficiency in slow-growing chickens raised under HSD.
{"title":"Curcumin- and capsaicin-loaded nanoemulsions improve oxidative stress, intestinal morphology, and feed efficiency in slow-growing Korat chickens under high stocking density","authors":"Wichuta Khosinklang , Pramin Kaewsatuan , Piyaradtana Homyok , Mutyarsih Oryza , Nitipol Chainet , Teerapong Yata , Naiyaphat Nittayasut , Pakpoom Boonchuen , Amonrat Molee , Tom E. Porter , Wittawat Molee","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of curcumin (<strong>CUR</strong>)- and capsaicin (<strong>CAP</strong>)- loaded nanoemulsion on blood biochemical changes, oxidative status, jejunal morphology, inflammatory parameters, and performance of slow-growing Korat chickens (<strong>KRC</strong>) raised under high stocking density (<strong>HSD</strong>). A total of 480 male KRC (21 d of age) were allocated into four groups: (1) HSD without supplementation, (2) normal stocking density (<strong>NSD</strong>) without supplementation, (3) HSD supplemented with CUR and CAP in powdered form (<strong>P-CUR+CAP</strong>), and (4) HSD supplemented with CUR- and CAP-loaded nanoemulsions (<strong>NE-CUR+CAP</strong>). Chickens receiving NE-CUR+CAP showed no adverse changes in liver or kidney function compared with other groups. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was reduced in NE-CUR+CAP group relative to HSD group and was comparable with NSD and P-CUR+CAP groups (P < 0.05). NE-CUR+CAP also lowered levels of TBA in the liver and jejunum while enhancing hepatic superoxide dismutase activity compared with HSD group (P < 0.05). Villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, anti-inflammatory response, and cecal <em>Lactobacillus</em> counts were improved, whereas crypt depth and cecal <em>Escherichia coli</em> were reduced in the NE-CUR+CAP group (P < 0.05). Although feed intake, BW, and body weight gain were not affected, the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in NE-CUR+CAP compared with HSD group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, NE-CUR+CAP mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation, improved intestinal health, and enhanced feed efficiency in slow-growing chickens raised under HSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106495
Xiaoling Yang , Xiaoxia Long , Yongxian Yang , Liqi Wang , Zhong Wang
Although many studies have examined the relationship between host genetics and serum metabolites, it is still unclear to what extent host genetic variation contributes to growth-related serum metabolic patterns in chickens. To address this issue, we performed whole-genome resequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics analyses on blood samples collected from a population of Chinese local chickens. The results showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with growth performance were predominantly mapped the genomic regions of SEC22C, ABCD3, SRGAP2, and CDC42BPA. SEC22C, ABCD3, and SRGAP2 were significantly associated with both body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), whereas CDC42BPA was significantly associated only with ADG. Comparative analysis of blood transcriptomes between high and low BW recombinant chickens revealed that SEC22C was more strongly associated with the low BW group, while CDC42BPA exhibited significantly higher expression levels in high-weight chickens. Five metabolites, including 1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate choline, were significantly associated with 45 genes, including SRGAP2, PA2G4, TENM3, MAP2K6, and ADIPOR2. Furthermore, SRGAP2 may regulate the growth of the chickens through 1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate choline. This study comprehensively elucidates the combined effects of host genetics and serum metabolites on growth traits, providing a robust scientific basis for studying the growth performance of local chickens.
{"title":"Integrated genomics and metabolomics analysis revealed the metabolic mechanisms by which genetic variations affect the growth performance of local chickens","authors":"Xiaoling Yang , Xiaoxia Long , Yongxian Yang , Liqi Wang , Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although many studies have examined the relationship between host genetics and serum metabolites, it is still unclear to what extent host genetic variation contributes to growth-related serum metabolic patterns in chickens. To address this issue, we performed whole-genome resequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics analyses on blood samples collected from a population of Chinese local chickens. The results showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (<strong>SNPs</strong>) significantly associated with growth performance were predominantly mapped the genomic regions of <em>SEC22C, ABCD3, SRGAP2</em>, and <em>CDC42BPA. SEC22C, ABCD3</em>, and <em>SRGAP2</em> were significantly associated with both body weight (<strong>BW</strong>) and average daily gain (<strong>ADG</strong>), whereas <em>CDC42BPA</em> was significantly associated only with ADG. Comparative analysis of blood transcriptomes between high and low BW recombinant chickens revealed that <em>SEC22C</em> was more strongly associated with the low BW group, while <em>CDC42BPA</em> exhibited significantly higher expression levels in high-weight chickens. Five metabolites, including 1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate choline, were significantly associated with 45 genes, including <em>SRGAP2, PA2G4, TENM3, MAP2K6</em>, and <em>ADIPOR2</em>. Furthermore, <em>SRGAP2</em> may regulate the growth of the chickens through 1-myristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate choline. This study comprehensively elucidates the combined effects of host genetics and serum metabolites on growth traits, providing a robust scientific basis for studying the growth performance of local chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106499
Zhaobi Ai , Zhonglong Zhao , Xiben Zhang , Runqian Yang , Yong Zhang , Zelin Chen , Weibo Li , Yixing Ou , Lanying Lei , Hongying Ye
To characterize the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of four Weining chicken strains from Guizhou Province, China, we generated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using dd-RAD sequencing. We found that Weining chicken exhibited moderate genetic diversity, with observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.267) lower than expected heterozygosity (He = 0.312) and a positive inbreeding coefficient (FIS ≈ 0.14), indicating some degree of inbreeding across the population. Among strains, HM showed the highest diversity while HT had the lowest. Analyses of population structure, phylogeny, principal component analysis, and admixture consistently revealed weak genetic differentiation (FST < 0.06) and frequent gene flow among strains. Kinship analysis demonstrated mostly low pairwise relatedness, with a minority of individuals exhibiting closer kinship. Selection signature scans identified multiple candidate regions; genes within these regions were significantly enriched for biological processes and pathways related to immune response (e.g., IL-17 signaling) and metabolic regulation (e.g., MAPK signaling), which were consistently highlighted in both GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. These results demonstrate that Weining chicken has moderate genetic diversity, low population differentiation, and evidence of inbreeding and gene flow, with candidate selection signals in immune and metabolic pathways (e.g., IL-17 and MAPK signaling), providing a quantitative basis for conservation and breeding programs.
{"title":"Population genomic analysis of Weining chicken via dd-RAD sequencing: Unraveling diversity, structure, and selective sweeps","authors":"Zhaobi Ai , Zhonglong Zhao , Xiben Zhang , Runqian Yang , Yong Zhang , Zelin Chen , Weibo Li , Yixing Ou , Lanying Lei , Hongying Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To characterize the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of four Weining chicken strains from Guizhou Province, China, we generated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using dd-RAD sequencing. We found that Weining chicken exhibited moderate genetic diversity, with observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.267) lower than expected heterozygosity (He = 0.312) and a positive inbreeding coefficient (FIS ≈ 0.14), indicating some degree of inbreeding across the population. Among strains, HM showed the highest diversity while HT had the lowest. Analyses of population structure, phylogeny, principal component analysis, and admixture consistently revealed weak genetic differentiation (FST < 0.06) and frequent gene flow among strains. Kinship analysis demonstrated mostly low pairwise relatedness, with a minority of individuals exhibiting closer kinship. Selection signature scans identified multiple candidate regions; genes within these regions were significantly enriched for biological processes and pathways related to immune response (e.g., IL-17 signaling) and metabolic regulation (e.g., MAPK signaling), which were consistently highlighted in both GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. These results demonstrate that Weining chicken has moderate genetic diversity, low population differentiation, and evidence of inbreeding and gene flow, with candidate selection signals in immune and metabolic pathways (e.g., IL-17 and MAPK signaling), providing a quantitative basis for conservation and breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106511
Xiao-qing Xu , Yi-rong Wang , Dan-dan Guo , Yu-qing Zhou , Jiang-yu Long , Zhao-Ying Liu
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of Gelsemium elegans extract powder (GEE) on broilers under high stocking density (HSD). A total of 78 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups: normal stocking density (NSD), HSD, HSD + 0.06% GEE, HSD + 0.12% GEE, and HSD + 0.6% GEE. The results showed that HSD impaired broiler growth and physiological functions. Dietary supplementation with 0.06% GEE (200 mg/kg diet Gelsemium elegans extract) significantly improved growth performance (marked increases in body weight, average daily feed intake, and average daily gain), reversed immune organ inhibition (evidenced by significantly increased weight and index of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius), reduced serum corticosterone levels, repaired intestinal structural damage, and corrected intestinal flora imbalance (with a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) (P < 0.05). However, medium and high doses of GEE (0.12% and 0.6%, 400 and 2000 mg/kg diet Gelsemium elegans extract) inhibited broiler growth by inducing abnormal expression of myostatin. Therefore, 0.06% GEE (200 mg/kg diet Gelsemium elegans extract) was identified as an effective and safe dose under the current experimental conditions. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.06% GEE (200 mg/kg diet Gelsemium elegans extract) can effectively improve broiler growth performance and physiological functions under HSD, and its mechanism involves reducing serum corticosterone levels, enhancing immune function, repairing intestinal morphological damage, and correcting intestinal flora imbalance.
{"title":"Gelsemium elegans extract powder alleviates high stocking density-related adverse effects in broilers via immune-intestinal microbiota synergistic mechanisms","authors":"Xiao-qing Xu , Yi-rong Wang , Dan-dan Guo , Yu-qing Zhou , Jiang-yu Long , Zhao-Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of <em>Gelsemium elegans</em> extract powder (GEE) on broilers under high stocking density (HSD). A total of 78 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups: normal stocking density (NSD), HSD, HSD + 0.06% GEE, HSD + 0.12% GEE, and HSD + 0.6% GEE. The results showed that HSD impaired broiler growth and physiological functions. Dietary supplementation with 0.06% GEE (200 mg/kg diet <em>Gelsemium elegans</em> extract) significantly improved growth performance (marked increases in body weight, average daily feed intake, and average daily gain), reversed immune organ inhibition (evidenced by significantly increased weight and index of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius), reduced serum corticosterone levels, repaired intestinal structural damage, and corrected intestinal flora imbalance (with a decreased <em>Firmicutes</em>/<em>Bacteroidetes</em> ratio) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). However, medium and high doses of GEE (0.12% and 0.6%, 400 and 2000 mg/kg diet <em>Gelsemium elegans</em> extract) inhibited broiler growth by inducing abnormal expression of myostatin. Therefore, 0.06% GEE (200 mg/kg diet <em>Gelsemium elegans</em> extract) was identified as an effective and safe dose under the current experimental conditions. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.06% GEE (200 mg/kg diet <em>Gelsemium elegans</em> extract) can effectively improve broiler growth performance and physiological functions under HSD, and its mechanism involves reducing serum corticosterone levels, enhancing immune function, repairing intestinal morphological damage, and correcting intestinal flora imbalance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106502
Liuting Wu , Leilei Peng , Xiaoling Zhao
Broiler skeletal muscle dysplasia is characterized by impaired muscle fiber hypertrophy and satellite cell dysfunction, leading to reduced meat yield and increased feed conversion rates, resulting in significant economic losses. With the impending global ban on β-adrenergic agonists, developing effective natural alternative treatments is an urgent requirement. Urolithin A (UA), a tannic acid metabolite derived from the gut microbiota, promotes muscle synthetic metabolism in mammals; however, its underlying mechanism in poultry remains unclear. We integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and primary chicken skeletal muscle satellite cell (SMSC) culture experiments. A network pharmacology analysis identified threonine kinase1 (Akt1) as a key core target regulated by UA in muscle dysplasia. Further, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed differential clustering in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt1, forkhead box protein O1, and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed that UA stably binds to the Akt1 protein (Binding energy: -7.7 kcal/mol), stabilized by hydrophobic interactions with Val164 and Met281. The key binding site for UA exhibits high conservation (96% homology) between mammalian and avian species. The 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the complex. These findings indicate that the Akt1 pathway is closely associated with the protective role of uric acid in broiler muscle dysplasia. Primary skeletal muscle satellite cell experiments demonstrated that during SMSC proliferation, 50 μM UA upregulates mRNA levels of Akt1, mTORC1, and forkhead box O1, while enhancing the expression of myogenic differentiation 1 and myogenin during both proliferation and differentiation (P < 0.05). In addition, Akt1 and phosphorylated Akt1 protein levels upregulated (P < 0.05), confirming pathway activation. 50 μM UA regulates glucose metabolism by upregulating (P < 0.05) and downregulating (P < 0.05) pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (proliferation/differentiation) mRNA levels and fructose-6-phosphate kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (differentiation) mRNA levels, respectively, thereby optimizing glycolysis-oxidation balance. Our research shows that UA influences skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation through the Akt1 pathway and alters glucose metabolism at different stages. As a natural, residue-free compound, it holds promise for enhancing skeletal muscle growth in broilers, supporting the shift towards antibiotic-free poultry. Further animal studies are needed to confirm these in vitro results.
{"title":"Regulation of skeletal muscle development and metabolism in broiler chickens by Urolithin A through threonine kinase 1 pathway activation","authors":"Liuting Wu , Leilei Peng , Xiaoling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broiler skeletal muscle dysplasia is characterized by impaired muscle fiber hypertrophy and satellite cell dysfunction, leading to reduced meat yield and increased feed conversion rates, resulting in significant economic losses. With the impending global ban on β-adrenergic agonists, developing effective natural alternative treatments is an urgent requirement. Urolithin A (UA), a tannic acid metabolite derived from the gut microbiota, promotes muscle synthetic metabolism in mammals; however, its underlying mechanism in poultry remains unclear. We integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and primary chicken skeletal muscle satellite cell (SMSC) culture experiments. A network pharmacology analysis identified threonine kinase1 (Akt1) as a key core target regulated by UA in muscle dysplasia. Further, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed differential clustering in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt1, forkhead box protein O1, and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed that UA stably binds to the Akt1 protein (Binding energy: -7.7 kcal/mol), stabilized by hydrophobic interactions with Val164 and Met281. The key binding site for UA exhibits high conservation (96% homology) between mammalian and avian species. The 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the complex. These findings indicate that the Akt1 pathway is closely associated with the protective role of uric acid in broiler muscle dysplasia. Primary skeletal muscle satellite cell experiments demonstrated that during SMSC proliferation, 50 μM UA upregulates mRNA levels of <em>Akt1, mTORC1</em>, and <em>forkhead box O1</em>, while enhancing the expression of myogenic differentiation 1 and myogenin during both proliferation and differentiation (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In addition, Akt1 and phosphorylated Akt1 protein levels upregulated (<em>P</em> < 0.05), confirming pathway activation. 50 μM UA regulates glucose metabolism by upregulating (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and downregulating (<em>P</em> < 0.05) pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (proliferation/differentiation) mRNA levels and fructose-6-phosphate kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (differentiation) mRNA levels, respectively, thereby optimizing glycolysis-oxidation balance. Our research shows that UA influences skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation through the Akt1 pathway and alters glucose metabolism at different stages. As a natural, residue-free compound, it holds promise for enhancing skeletal muscle growth in broilers, supporting the shift towards antibiotic-free poultry. Further animal studies are needed to confirm these in vitro results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106512
Cihang Zhang , Usman Nazir , Shi Chen , Zhi Yang , Zhiyue Wang , Haiming Yang
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation is a major challenge to intensive poultry production, affecting growth and overall health. It necessitates effective dietary strategies to enhance gut resilience and immune functionality. This study evaluated the effect of dietary Bifidobacterium supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health and immune responses in LPS-stressed goslings. A total of 288 one-day-old male Jiangnan white goslings (15–28 days) were allocated to six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with Bifidobacterium doses as (0, 300, 600 mg/kg) with or without LPS challenge (0.5 mg/kg BW via intraperitoneal injection). Key findings revealed that LPS stress significantly reduced the growth performance by reducing average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.01) while enhancing the feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05). Supplementation with 300 mg/kg Bifidobacterium improved ADG by 16.7%, though 600 mg/kg conferred no incremental benefits. LPS exposure upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and suppressed anti-inflammatory IL-10 and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px). Bifidobacterium (300 mg/kg) reduced inflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity, increasing catalase (CAT) activity by 43.3%. Intestinal morphology was compromised by LPS, reducing the villus-to-crypt ratio (VH:CD), while Bifidobacterium improved villus height (9.8% increase at 21 days) and V/C (4.1 at 28 days). In conclusion, 300 mg/kg Bifidobacterium optimally mitigated LPS-induced stress by improving intestinal integrity, reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative damage, and restoring growth hormone axis function, thereby improving growth efficiency. These findings highlight its potential as a cost-effective intervention for enhancing resilience in intensive goose production systems.
{"title":"Bifidobacterium supplementation ameliorates LPS-induced immune stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction in goslings","authors":"Cihang Zhang , Usman Nazir , Shi Chen , Zhi Yang , Zhiyue Wang , Haiming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation is a major challenge to intensive poultry production, affecting growth and overall health. It necessitates effective dietary strategies to enhance gut resilience and immune functionality. This study evaluated the effect of dietary Bifidobacterium supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health and immune responses in LPS-stressed goslings. A total of 288 one-day-old male Jiangnan white goslings (15–28 days) were allocated to six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with Bifidobacterium doses as (0, 300, 600 mg/kg) with or without LPS challenge (0.5 mg/kg BW via intraperitoneal injection). Key findings revealed that LPS stress significantly reduced the growth performance by reducing average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) (<em>P</em> < 0.01) while enhancing the feed conversion ratio (FCR; <em>P</em> < 0.05). Supplementation with 300 mg/kg Bifidobacterium improved ADG by 16.7%, though 600 mg/kg conferred no incremental benefits. LPS exposure upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α</em>) and suppressed anti-inflammatory <em>IL-10</em> and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px). Bifidobacterium (300 mg/kg) reduced inflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity, increasing catalase (CAT) activity by 43.3%. Intestinal morphology was compromised by LPS, reducing the villus-to-crypt ratio (VH:CD), while Bifidobacterium improved villus height (9.8% increase at 21 days) and V/C (4.1 at 28 days). In conclusion, 300 mg/kg Bifidobacterium optimally mitigated LPS-induced stress by improving intestinal integrity, reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative damage, and restoring growth hormone axis function, thereby improving growth efficiency. These findings highlight its potential as a cost-effective intervention for enhancing resilience in intensive goose production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 4","pages":"Article 106512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号