Poultry Science最新文献_第7页

Metabolizable and net energy evaluation of corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran in growing male pheasants

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104866

Weili Sun , Yao Wu , Lili Xu , Keyuan Liu , Lihong Chen , Guangyu Li

The apparent metabolizable energy(AME), AME corrected to zero-nitrogen retention(AMEn) and net energy (NE) values of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran were determined in growing male pheasants with reference diet substitution method. Reference diet was formulated according to standard Pheasants requirement, and test diets contained 40 % of corn, 20 % of soybean meal and 30 % of the wheat bran samples of thereference diet. Ninety male pheasants at the age of 12 wk with similar body weights were randomly divided into four groups. The heat production and energy metabolism of birds were measured in open-circuit respiratory chambers with 6 replicates (4 birds per replicate) per diet in a randomized design. Birds were fed experimental diets for 6 D in the chamber as adaptation. During the following 3 D, feed intake, metabolizable energy value, nitrogen balance, energy balance, O₂ consumption, CO₂ production, and energy efficiency were determined. Pheasants were allowed free access to feed under controlled environmental conditions. Feces were collected using respiratory calorimetry. The AME values of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran were 14.62 MJ/kg, 10.62 MJ/kg and 7.57 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The corresponding AMEn values were 14.71 MJ/kg, 10.64 MJ/kg and 7.25 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE values were 11.20 MJ/kg, 7.02 MJ/kg, and 6.19 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE:AME ratios of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran were 77.61 %, 65.68 % and 85.17 %, respectively. The NE:AMEn ratios of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran were77.22 % and 66.89 % and 84.76 %, respectively. The AME, AMEn and NE values of corn were higher than the other two samples.

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引用次数: 0

Effects of on-farm hatching versus hatchery hatching on growth performance, gut development, and intestinal health and function in broiler chickens 农场孵化与孵化场孵化对肉鸡生长性能、肠道发育及肠道健康和功能的影响。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104770

Muhammad Zeeshan Akram , Ester Arévalo Sureda , Matthias Corion , Luke Comer , Nadia Everaert

An alternative hatching system known as hatch on-farm (HOF) provides early access to feed compared to hatch in hatchery (HH) system. Early feeding may promote favorable gut development, potentially improving intestinal health and broiler performance. Previous studies have assessed the effects of HOF on chick quality, welfare and performance, its impacts on gut health remain inconclusive. A total of 560 Ross 308 male chicks were reared until d 38, hatched either in a hatchery (n = 280) or on-farm (n = 280), with 14 replicates per system and 20 birds per pen. Production parameters were periodically monitored. Digestive and immune organ characteristics, intestinal permeability and histomorphology were assessed on d 7, 14, and 38. High-throughput qPCR analyzed 79 ileal genes regarding barrier integrity, immune function, nutrient transporters, gut hormones, metabolism, and oxidation. HOF chicks had higher d1 body weights than HH chicks (P < 001), but this advantage disappeared within first week, with no subsequent performance differences. HOF chickens demonstrated increased duodenal villus width on d 7 and 14, and increased ileal crypt depth and submucosal thickness on d 7 (P < 0.05). Relative bursal weight was higher on d 14 (P = 0.018) and tended to be higher on d 38 in HOF chickens (P = 0.094). Intestinal permeability remained unaffected (P > 0.05), while HH chicks showed upregulation of gut barrier genes such as MUC5ac on d 7 and CLDN2 and MUC2 on d 14 (P < 0.05). HH chicks also showed upregulation of nutrient transports including VDR on d 7 and SLC30A1 and SLC5A9 on d 38, and decreased expression of the appetite-suppressing hormone CCK on d 7 (P < 0.05). HOF chicks upregulated immune-related genes, including IL-8 on d 7, IL-6, IFN-γ, AVBD9 on d 14, and NOS2 on d 38 (P < 0.05), and the oxidation gene HIF1A on d 38 (P = 0.039). In conclusion, although the HOF showed only transient growth advantages, it enhanced mucosal morphology and modulated immunity, indicating improved intestinal health.

与孵化场孵化（HH）系统相比，另一种孵化系统称为农场孵化（HOF），可提供早期饲料。早期饲养可促进肠道发育，潜在地改善肠道健康和肉鸡生产性能。以往的研究评估了高通量饲料对雏鸡品质、福利和生产性能的影响，但其对肠道健康的影响尚无定论。共饲养560只罗斯308雄性雏鸡至38岁，分别在孵化场（n = 280）和农场（n = 280）孵化，每个系统14个重复，每个栏20只鸡。定期监测生产参数。在第7、14和38天评估消化和免疫器官特征、肠道通透性和组织形态学。高通量qPCR分析了79个有关屏障完整性、免疫功能、营养转运体、肠道激素、代谢和氧化的回肠基因。HOF雏鸡的d1体重高于HH雏鸡（P < 001），但这一优势在第一周内消失，随后的生产性能无差异。HOF鸡在第7天和第14天十二指肠绒毛宽度增加，第7天回肠隐窝深度和粘膜下厚度增加（P < 0.05）。HOF鸡的相对法氏囊重量在第14天较高（P = 0.018），在第38天有升高的趋势（P = 0.094）。小肠通透性未受影响（P < 0.05），而HH雏鸡肠道屏障基因MUC5ac在第7天上调，CLDN2和MUC2在第14天上调（P < 0.05）。HH雏鸡在第7天VDR、第38天SLC30A1和SLC5A9等营养物质转运上调，第7天食欲抑制激素CCK表达降低（P < 0.05）。HOF雏鸡免疫相关基因IL-8在第7天上调，IL-6、IFN-γ、AVBD9在第14天上调，NOS2在第38天上调（P < 0.05），氧化基因HIF1A在第38天上调（P = 0.039）。综上所述，虽然HOF只表现出短暂的生长优势，但它可以增强粘膜形态，调节免疫，表明它改善了肠道健康。

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引用次数: 0

Top-view characterization of broiler walking ability and leg health using computer vision 利用计算机视觉对肉鸡行走能力和腿部健康进行俯视图表征。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104724

István Fodor, Marjaneh Taghavi, Esther D. Ellen, Malou van der Sluis

Impaired walking ability and leg health are commonly seen in broilers and can negatively impact their welfare. Commonly, walking ability and leg health are assessed manually, but this is time consuming and can be subjective. Automated approaches for scoring walking ability and leg health at the individual level could therefore have great added value. Here, we studied whether automatically extracted top-view walking features of broilers can be used as a proxy for walking ability and leg health. Top-view videos were collected of unmarked broilers walking through a corridor that was placed inside the home pen. From these videos, four top-view features were derived: 1) lateral body oscillation, calculated as deviations from the movement trajectory of the bird, 2) step count, 3) completion time, and 4) length-width ratio of the virtual bounding box encapsulating the bird while walking as an indicator of wing support. We assessed the relationship of these computer vision-based features with manual gait and leg health scores, including hock burn (HB) and footpad dermatitis (FPD). We observed that birds with worse gait scores (GS) had longer completion times, higher step counts and a trend for higher lateral body oscillation levels in the walkway setup. Unsupervised clustering using the K-means algorithm with these walking features showed potential to distinguish birds with GS3+, although differentiating between GS1 and GS2 proved more challenging. We concluded that the length-width ratio of the bounding box during walking was not a suitable proxy for poor gait. We found no relationship between top-view walking features and mild cases of HB and FPD in broilers. Overall, the results of this study indicate that top-view video recordings can provide insight into birds’ walking ability, using features related to movement speed, step count and lateral body oscillation, making automated scoring more feasible on a larger scale in practice. However, these top view features provide little information about mild HB and FPD.

行走能力和腿部健康受损在肉鸡中很常见，并可能对它们的福利产生负面影响。通常，步行能力和腿部健康是手动评估的，但这既耗时又主观。因此，在个人水平上对行走能力和腿部健康进行评分的自动化方法可能具有很大的附加价值。在此，我们研究了自动提取的肉鸡俯视图行走特征是否可以作为行走能力和腿部健康的代表。俯视图视频收集了没有标记的肉鸡走过放置在家庭围栏内的走廊的视频。从这些视频中，我们得到了四个俯视图特征：1)侧向身体振荡，计算出与鸟的运动轨迹的偏差，2)步数，3)完成时间，以及4)行走时封装鸟的虚拟边界盒的长宽比，作为翅膀支撑的指标。我们评估了这些基于计算机视觉的特征与手动步态和腿部健康评分的关系，包括跗关节烧伤（HB）和足垫皮炎（FPD）。我们观察到，步态评分（GS）较差的鸟类完成时间更长，步数更高，并且在走道设置中有更高的侧体振荡水平的趋势。使用具有这些行走特征的K-means算法的无监督聚类显示出区分GS3+鸟类的潜力，尽管区分GS1和GS2被证明更具挑战性。我们得出的结论是，行走时边界框的长宽比不是步态不良的合适代表。我们发现肉鸡俯视图行走特征与轻度HB和FPD病例之间没有关系。总体而言，本研究的结果表明，俯视图视频记录可以利用与移动速度、步数和侧体振荡相关的特征，深入了解鸟类的行走能力，使自动化评分在实践中更大规模地可行。然而，这些俯视图特征提供的关于轻度HB和FPD的信息很少。

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引用次数: 0

Matrine disturbs the eimeria necatrix-induced loop of tuft cell-intestinal stem cell-goblet cell by inactivating IL-13/JAK2/STAT3 signaling 苦参碱通过灭活IL-13/JAK2/STAT3信号通路干扰丛状细胞-肠干细胞-杯状细胞艾美球虫诱导的细胞环。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104786

Geng-xiu Zan, Hao-zhan Qu, Jia Meng, Xiao-fan Wang, Hui-chao Yan, Xiu-qi Wang, Jia-yi Zhou

As sensors in the gut, tuft cells integrate a complex array of luminal signals to regulate the differentiation fate of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which trigger a loop of tuft cell-ISC-goblet cell after parasitic infection. As a plant-derived alkaloid, Matrine plays a prominent role for standardizing ISC functions in Eimeria necatrix (EN)-exposed chicks. In this study, we investigated the modulation effects of Matrine on the specific intestinal epithelial cell loop in EN-exposed chicks in vivo and intestinal organoids (IOs) ex vivo. The results showed that EN infection resulted in swelling and hemorrhage of the jejunum, accompanied by the increase in levels of sIgA and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α). And these inflammatory symptoms were effectively relieved by Matrine intervention. Concurrently, Matrine resisted the EN-induced increase in tuft cell numbers and levels of crucial pro-inflammatory factors (IL-25 and IL-13), while also reversing the differentiation of secretory cell progenitors into goblet cells. Importantly, Matrine impeded the upregulation of the inflammatory signaling pathway JAK2/STAT3 in EN-infected chicks and IOs. Conversely, exogenous supplementation of IL-13 or activation of STAT3 via Colivelin eliminated the standardization of the tuft cell-ISC-goblet cell loop by Matrine. Overall, our findings suggested that Matrine intercepted the tuft cell-ISC-goblet cell loop by reinstating IL-13/JAK2/STAT3 signaling after EN infection.

作为肠道中的传感器，簇毛细胞整合一系列复杂的管腔信号来调节肠道干细胞（ISCs）的分化命运，从而在寄生虫感染后触发簇毛细胞- ISCs -杯状细胞的循环。苦参碱是一种植物源性生物碱，在美耳美球虫（EN）暴露雏鸡ISC功能标准化中起着重要作用。本研究研究了苦参碱对en暴露雏鸡体内和离体肠道类器官（IOs）特异性肠上皮细胞环的调节作用。结果显示，EN感染引起大鼠空肠肿胀出血，并伴有sIgA和炎性细胞因子（IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α）水平升高。苦参碱干预能有效缓解炎症症状。同时，苦参碱抑制en诱导的簇状细胞数量和关键促炎因子（IL-25和IL-13）水平的增加，同时逆转分泌细胞祖细胞向杯状细胞的分化。重要的是，苦参碱抑制了en感染雏鸡和IOs中炎症信号通路JAK2/STAT3的上调。相反，外源补充IL-13或通过Colivelin激活STAT3消除了参碱对簇状细胞- isc -杯状细胞环的标准化。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在EN感染后，苦参碱通过恢复IL-13/JAK2/STAT3信号通路来阻断簇状细胞- isc -杯状细胞环。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of chronic exposure of specific water quality parameters in poultry drinking water on dietary amino acid digestibility and early broiler performance

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104835

Rabin Raut , Biswajit Kumar Biswas , Thyneice Taylor-Bowden , Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge , Bharat Pokharel , Tom Tabler , Samuel N. Nahashon , Pramir Maharjan

Poultry drinking water quality parameters influence physiological functions and bird health. This study aimed to explore the impacts of poultry drinking water pH, TDS (total dissolved solids), and elevated levels of certain minerals on the early phase of broiler performance. Four treatment groups were created based on water source and water quality types: i) municipal water source (MW); ii) well/underground water source with moderately higher levels of Ca, SO₄^–, and Mn (WW); iii) high-pH (>8) water (HPH); and iv) high-TDS water (>3000 ppm) (HTDS). All treatment water samples were profiled for mineral content. Treatment water was fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. A total of 288 birds (Cobb 500 males), fed a standard diet (day(d) 0-21), were utilized for the study, creating six replicates/treatment with 12 birds/replicate cage unit. Birds were weighed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Water consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), water: feed, and amino acid digestibility were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test for significance (P < 0.05). Water consumption was higher for MW and HTDS until d10, but there was no difference in overall water consumption by d21 (P > 0.05). The overall feed intake and BWG were lower for HTDS birds compared to other treatment groups (P < 0.05), however, there was no difference in FCR (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the apparent ileal digestibility of dietary amino acids for essential and non-essential amino acids did not differ among treatment groups (P > 0.05) and ranged from 0.40 to 0.94 across all treatments. The overall results showed that high-TDS water above 3000 ppm with elevated calcium and chloride levels could negatively impact early bird performance on feed consumption and BWG.

{"title":"Effects of chronic exposure of specific water quality parameters in poultry drinking water on dietary amino acid digestibility and early broiler performance","authors":"Rabin Raut , Biswajit Kumar Biswas , Thyneice Taylor-Bowden , Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge , Bharat Pokharel , Tom Tabler , Samuel N. Nahashon , Pramir Maharjan","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry drinking water quality parameters influence physiological functions and bird health. This study aimed to explore the impacts of poultry drinking water pH, TDS (total dissolved solids), and elevated levels of certain minerals on the early phase of broiler performance. Four treatment groups were created based on water source and water quality types: i) municipal water source (MW); ii) well/underground water source with moderately higher levels of Ca, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>, and Mn (WW); iii) high-pH (>8) water (HPH); and iv) high-TDS water (>3000 ppm) (HTDS). All treatment water samples were profiled for mineral content. Treatment water was fed <em>ad libitum</em> throughout the experimental period. A total of 288 birds (Cobb 500 males), fed a standard diet (day(d) 0-21), were utilized for the study, creating six replicates/treatment with 12 birds/replicate cage unit. Birds were weighed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Water consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), water: feed, and amino acid digestibility were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test for significance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Water consumption was higher for MW and HTDS until d10, but there was no difference in overall water consumption by d21 (<em>P</em> > 0.05). The overall feed intake and BWG were lower for HTDS birds compared to other treatment groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05), however, there was no difference in FCR (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Meanwhile, the apparent ileal digestibility of dietary amino acids for essential and non-essential amino acids did not differ among treatment groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05) and ranged from 0.40 to 0.94 across all treatments. The overall results showed that high-TDS water above 3000 ppm with elevated calcium and chloride levels could negatively impact early bird performance on feed consumption and BWG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"Article 104835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba on Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in chicken

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104824

Yunying Wang , Zhenwei Sheng , Huicong Li , Xuewen Tan , Yingqiu Liu , Weimin Zhang , Wuren Ma , Lin Ma , Yunpeng Fan

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that often causes diarrhea in poultry. While antibiotics can control E. coli-induced diarrhea in chickens, it can lead the ongoing proliferation of antibiotic resistance. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that effectively protect against and treat chicken diarrhea caused by E. coli are an encouraging alternative. That enhance poultry immunity, curtail antibiotic resistance, and provide a secure, eco-friendly, and efficacious option for the livestock and poultry industry. In this study, the model of chicken diarrhea induced by E. coli was established, and different TCM formulas were used for treatment, and finally the formula with the best effect was screened out. The research also investigated the impact of these formulas on gut microbiota and serum metabolites in chickens, using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and metabolomics. Mass spectrometry technology and network pharmacology were used to analyze the optimal TCM formula corroborated by molecular docking and qPCR for further explore mechanism exploration. The findings indicated that Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba dramatically lowered mortality rates and alleviated pathologic changes in cases of avian E. coli diarrhea (P < 0.05). Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba significantly boosted the abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) and mainly enhanced cysteine and methionine metabolic pathways. Moreover, 97 active ingredients in Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba were identified, along with 1425 diarrhea-related targets, primarily enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking and qPCR revealed that the crucial active ingredients in Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba bonded effectively with disease targets and treated diarrhea by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. This suggests that Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba exerts an optimal effect on diarrhea by multi-target and multi-pathway regulation of metabolic pathways and gut microbiota.

{"title":"The effects of Fraxini cortex and Andrographis herba on Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in chicken","authors":"Yunying Wang , Zhenwei Sheng , Huicong Li , Xuewen Tan , Yingqiu Liu , Weimin Zhang , Wuren Ma , Lin Ma , Yunpeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that often causes diarrhea in poultry. While antibiotics can control <em>E. coli</em>-induced diarrhea in chickens, it can lead the ongoing proliferation of antibiotic resistance. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that effectively protect against and treat chicken diarrhea caused by <em>E. coli</em> are an encouraging alternative. That enhance poultry immunity, curtail antibiotic resistance, and provide a secure, eco-friendly, and efficacious option for the livestock and poultry industry. In this study, the model of chicken diarrhea induced by <em>E. coli</em> was established, and different TCM formulas were used for treatment, and finally the formula with the best effect was screened out. The research also investigated the impact of these formulas on gut microbiota and serum metabolites in chickens, using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and metabolomics. Mass spectrometry technology and network pharmacology were used to analyze the optimal TCM formula corroborated by molecular docking and qPCR for further explore mechanism exploration. The findings indicated that <em>Fraxini cortex</em> and <em>Andrographis herba</em> dramatically lowered mortality rates and alleviated pathologic changes in cases of avian <em>E. coli</em> diarrhea (<em>P</em> < 0.05). <em>Fraxini cortex</em> and <em>Andrographis herba</em> significantly boosted the abundance of Bacteroidetes (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and mainly enhanced cysteine and methionine metabolic pathways. Moreover, 97 active ingredients in <em>Fraxini cortex</em> and <em>Andrographis herba</em> were identified, along with 1425 diarrhea-related targets, primarily enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking and qPCR revealed that the crucial active ingredients in <em>Fraxini cortex</em> and <em>Andrographis herba</em> bonded effectively with disease targets and treated diarrhea by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. This suggests that <em>Fraxini cortex</em> and <em>Andrographis herba</em> exerts an optimal effect on diarrhea by multi-target and multi-pathway regulation of metabolic pathways and gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"Article 104824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of genetic strain, stocking density, and age on broiler behavior 遗传品系、饲养密度和日龄对肉鸡行为的影响。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104723

Rosemary H. Whittle , Darrin M. Karcher , Marisa A. Erasmus , Shawna L. Weimer

Fast growth rate and stocking density are global animal welfare concerns for broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic strain and stocking density on the behavior of broilers. In a 2 × 2 randomized complete block design, conventional (CONV) and slow-growing (SG) broilers were stocked at either 29 kg/m² (LO, n = 31 birds/pen) or 37 kg/m² (HI, n = 40 birds/pen) in 16 pens (n = 4 pens/treatment). On days 25 and 39 (CONV and SG), and 60 (SG only), behavior was observed from video recorded in the morning and afternoon each day. The percentage (%) of all birds in each pen was categorized as either walking, standing, sitting, lateral sitting, eating, drinking, or preening. Two data sets were generated to compare the effect of age (25, 39d) and market body weight (39d CONV, 60d SG). Linear mixed effects models were fitted in R to analyze data. Sitting behavior differed between broiler strains and ages. At 39d, more CONV sat compared to 25d (58.3 % vs 54.5 %, p < 0.0001) and compared to SG at market weight (58.3 % vs 43.9 %, p < 0.0001). CONV broilers sat in a lateral posture more than SG at both ages (5.4 % vs 1.4 %, p < 0.0001) and at market weight (7.4 % vs 0.4 %, p < 0.0001). Standing and walking behaviors were observed more in SG broilers. SG broilers walked more than CONV at 39d and at market weight (2.4 % vs 1.6, p ≤ 0.01). Further, SG broilers stood more than CONV at both ages (11.4 % vs. 7.2 %, p = 0.0004) and market weight (14.9 % vs. 7.1 %, p < 0.0001). While preening behavior did not differ at 25d, more SG broilers preened than CONV at 39d (5.6 % vs 3.9 %, p < 0.0001) and market weight (5.5 % vs 3.3 %, p < 0.0001). LO-stocked broilers preened more at both ages than at HI (5.6 % vs 5.1 %, p = 0.041). These results suggest that conventional broilers exhibit more sitting behaviors, slow-growing broilers exhibit more active behaviors, and chronological and physiological age differences should be considered when making comparisons.

肉鸡的快速生长速度和饲养密度是全球关注的动物福利问题。本研究旨在探讨遗传品系和饲养密度对肉鸡行为的影响。在2 × 2随机完全区组设计中，常规（CONV）和慢生长（SG）肉鸡分别以29 kg/m2 （LO, n = 31只/圈）和37 kg/m2 （HI, n = 40只/圈）饲养在16个栏中（n = 4个栏/处理）。在第25天和第39天（对照组和对照组）和第60天（对照组和对照组），通过每天上午和下午的录像观察行为。每个围栏中所有鸟类的百分比（%）分为行走，站立，坐着，侧坐，进食，饮水或梳理。生成两个数据集来比较年龄（25、39d）和市场体重（39d CONV, 60d SG）的影响。在R中拟合线性混合效应模型对数据进行分析。不同品种和年龄的肉鸡坐着行为不同。在第39天，与第25天相比，CONV sat更多（58.3%对54.5%,p < 0.0001），与市场体重的SG相比（58.3%对43.9%,p < 0.0001）。在两个年龄阶段（5.4%比1.4%,p < 0.0001）和市场体重时（7.4%比0.4%,p < 0.0001）， CONV肉鸡的侧卧姿势都比SG肉鸡多。SG肉鸡站立和行走行为较多。39日龄和市重时，SG肉鸡行走量大于CONV肉鸡（2.4% vs 1.6, p≤0.01）。此外，SG肉鸡在两个年龄阶段（11.4%比7.2%,p = 0.0004）和市场体重（14.9%比7.1%,p < 0.0001）均高于CONV。虽然在25天的梳理行为没有差异，但SG肉鸡在39天（5.6% vs 3.9%, p < 0.0001）和市场体重（5.5% vs 3.3%, p < 0.0001）时的梳理行为多于CONV肉鸡。低水平饲养的肉鸡在两个年龄阶段的毛率都高于高水平饲养的肉鸡（5.6% vs 5.1%, p = 0.041）。上述结果表明，常规肉鸡表现出更多的坐着行为，而生长缓慢的肉鸡表现出更多的活动行为，在进行比较时应考虑时间和生理年龄的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable poultry education for undergraduate students 本科生可持续家禽教育。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104693

A.C. Fanatico , A․Kollanoor Johny , A. Upadhyay , S.B. Bramall

Sustainable poultry production can help address many critical socio- and environmental issues, including food insecurity, climate crisis, and loss of biodiversity. The education of undergraduate students in poultry science helps prepare a future workforce in poultry production and to develop responsible citizens for global engagement.

The University of Connecticut has a poultry project, funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture's Sustainable Agriculture Systems, that researches the sustainability of meat chickens, particularly holistic health and alternatives to antibiotics. The project's education component is led by the Sustainable Development Department at Appalachian State University in partnership with the Universities of Connecticut, Minnesota, and Arkansas. Educational objectives of the project include 1) help define sustainability in poultry production and prepare instructional materials; 2) provide theory-based undergraduate education with a sustainable poultry course; 3) integrate practice-based innovative approaches using experiential methods, and 4) increase engagement in learning, particularly with international perspectives.

As a result of this grant, the project team has developed materials, incorporated topics into existing courses, and created a new course on sustainable poultry production. Instructors use rigorous debate in classes to explore ecology in the environment, human rights in society, and the sustainable use of resources. The team has used university farms for hands-on teaching, and traveled to India to work with international collaborators and students.

Graduates are engaged citizens who can be part of community-based food systems, help poultry companies address sustainability issues, and provide a global perspective for sustainable development.

可持续家禽生产有助于解决许多关键的社会和环境问题，包括粮食不安全、气候危机和生物多样性丧失。家禽科学本科学生的教育有助于为家禽生产的未来劳动力做好准备，并培养负责任的公民参与全球活动。康涅狄格大学有一个由美国农业部可持续农业系统资助的家禽项目，研究肉鸡的可持续性，特别是整体健康和抗生素替代品。该项目的教育部分由阿巴拉契亚州立大学可持续发展部与康涅狄格、明尼苏达和阿肯色大学合作领导。该项目的教育目标包括：1)帮助确定家禽生产的可持续性并编写教学材料；2)提供以理论为基础的本科教育，开设可持续家禽课程；3)使用经验方法整合基于实践的创新方法；4)提高学习参与度，特别是具有国际视野。由于这笔赠款，项目小组编写了材料，将主题纳入现有课程，并创建了一门关于可持续家禽生产的新课程。教师在课堂上运用严谨的辩论来探讨环境中的生态、社会中的人权和资源的可持续利用。该团队利用大学农场进行实践教学，并前往印度与国际合作者和学生合作。毕业生是积极参与的公民，他们可以成为社区食品系统的一部分，帮助家禽公司解决可持续性问题，并为可持续发展提供全球视角。

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引用次数: 0

High levels of histone acetylation modifications promote the formation of PGCs 高水平的组蛋白乙酰化修饰促进了PGCs的形成。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104763

Ziduo Zhao , Yuhui Wu , Fufu Cheng , Zhe Wang , Qingqing Geng , Yingjie Niu , Qisheng Zuo , Yani Zhang

This study investigates the role of histone acetylation in the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into primordial germ cells (PGCs). Transcriptomic sequencing was used to analyze differentially expressed genes during this differentiation process, with functional annotation identifying genes associated with histone acetylation. To explore the role of acetylation, acetate and an acetyltransferase inhibitor (ANAC) were added to the ESCs induction medium. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that during ESCs differentiation into PGCs, genes involved in histone acetyltransferase activity were upregulated, while those associated with histone deacetylase activity were downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis indicated these genes are involved in pathways critical for germ cell differentiation, underscoring their importance in avian reproductive biology. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed significant differential expression of HAT8 and HDAC10 between ESCs and PGCs (P < 0.01). The acetate treatment group exhibited a significantly higher number of embryoid bodies and elevated expression levels of CVH, C-KIT, and NANOS3 compared to the ANAC group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of DDX4-positive cells in the acetate group (P < 0.01). These findings provide preliminary evidence that histone acetylation regulates chicken PGCs formation, offering a theoretical framework for the epigenetic induction of PGCs in vitro. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PGCs development in poultry and contributes to advancements in avian reproductive technologies and genetic conservation.

本研究探讨了组蛋白乙酰化在鸡胚胎干细胞向原始生殖细胞（PGCs）分化中的作用。转录组测序用于分析分化过程中的差异表达基因，功能注释鉴定与组蛋白乙酰化相关的基因。为了探讨乙酰化的作用，我们在ESCs诱导培养基中加入乙酸酯和乙酰转移酶抑制剂（ANAC）。转录组学分析显示，在ESCs向PGCs分化过程中，与组蛋白乙酰转移酶活性相关的基因上调，而与组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性相关的基因下调。功能富集分析表明，这些基因参与了生殖细胞分化的关键途径，强调了它们在鸟类生殖生物学中的重要性。实时荧光定量PCR （Quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR）证实，HAT8和HDAC10在ESCs和PGCs之间的表达差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。与ANAC组相比，乙酸处理组胚状体数量显著增加，CVH、C-KIT、NANOS3表达水平显著升高（P < 0.01）。间接免疫荧光和流式细胞术显示，乙酸组ddx4阳性细胞比例显著高于对照组（P < 0.01）。这些发现为组蛋白乙酰化调控鸡PGCs的形成提供了初步证据，为PGCs的体外表观遗传诱导提供了理论框架。本研究加深了我们对家禽PGCs发育的分子机制的理解，并有助于禽类生殖技术和遗传保护的进步。

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引用次数: 0

Ovalbumin gene polymorphism: Implications for hatchability and egg quality changes during storage in Japanese quail 卵清蛋白基因多态性对日本鹌鹑孵化率和蛋品质变化的影响。

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Poultry Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104788

S. Knaga , K. Kasperek , G. Zięba

The aim of the study was to identify polymorphisms in the ovalbumin gene - SERPINB14 gene and evaluate their effect on hatchability traits and egg quality changes during storage in two strains of Japanese quails: meat-type (F33) and laying-type (S22). To individually determine hatchability traits for each female, eggs were collected and incubated. To determine egg quality traits, 10 eggs were collected from each female and stored for 14 weeks. Egg quality was analyzed 10 times during storage. All exons and the 3′UTR of the SERPINB14 gene were sequenced. A total of 17 SNPs were identified in both strains: 4 in exons, 5 in the 3′UTR, and 8 in intron regions. Association analysis showed significant effects of SNP14 and SNP16 on the percentage of late died embryos. Fresh egg weight in F33 females was influenced by eight SNPs: SNP6, SNP7, SNP9, SNP11, SNP14, SNP15, SNP16, and SNP17, with significant diplotype effects observed. Individuals with H3H3 and H7H7 diplotypes showed the highest egg weight. SNPs 6, 7, and 11 influenced eggshell thickness on the laying day and at 2, 4, and 14 weeks of storage. The effects of haplotypes on this trait were also observed. Significant SNP effects were also found on albumen weight and albumen percentage at different storage times. Moreover, diplotypes from block 1 influenced albumen traits during storage. These studies provide new information on the SERPINB14 gene polymorphism in Japanese quail, and some of the markers merit further validation as useful tools for selection to improve hatchability and egg quality in poultry breeding programs.

本研究旨在鉴定蛋白蛋白基因SERPINB14基因多态性，并评价其对肉型（F33）和产蛋型（S22）两种日本鹌鹑的孵化特性和贮藏期间蛋品质变化的影响。为了单独确定每只雌性的可孵化性特征，收集卵并孵育。为测定卵的品质性状，每只雌性采集10个卵，保存14周。在贮藏过程中对鸡蛋进行了10次品质分析。对SERPINB14基因的所有外显子和3'UTR进行测序。在两株菌株中共鉴定出17个snp: 4个在外显子区，5个在3'UTR区，8个在内含子区。关联分析显示，SNP14和SNP16对晚死胚胎比例有显著影响。F33雌性鲜蛋重受SNP6、SNP7、SNP9、SNP11、SNP14、SNP15、SNP16和SNP17 8个snp的影响，且存在显著的双倍型效应。H3H3和H7H7双倍型个体的蛋重最高。snp 6、7和11在产蛋日和贮藏2、4和14周时影响蛋壳厚度。单倍型对这一性状的影响也被观察到。不同贮藏时间对蛋白重和蛋白率也有显著的SNP影响。此外，block 1的二倍型在贮藏过程中影响蛋白性状。这些研究为日本鹌鹑SERPINB14基因多态性提供了新的信息，一些标记值得进一步验证，作为家禽育种计划中提高孵化率和蛋质量的有用选择工具。

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引用次数: 0