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Spectrally resolved laser calorimetric absorptance measurements 光谱分辨激光量热吸收测量
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752907
L. Jensen, I. Balasa, K. Starke, D. Ristau
So far, laser calorimetry (LCA) as absorptance measurement procedure according to ISO 11551 has been commonly performed at a variety of selected laser wavelengths. Thus, this procedure has been a valuable tool for optimization processes of dielectric coatings. For an even more comprehensive detection of any absorbing contribution in a dielectric layer stack a free selectable test wavelength gives more detailed insights in optics characterization. According to this approach an OPO system was implemented in a laser calorimetric test bench. By this, a tunable laser source with sufficient laser power is available to conduct calorimetric absorptance measurements. Results of detailed investigations of the contribution of the material constituents of a dielectric optical component are presented in this paper.
到目前为止,激光量热法(LCA)作为根据ISO 11551的吸收率测量程序,通常在各种选定的激光波长下进行。因此,该方法已成为优化介质涂层工艺的一个有价值的工具。为了更全面地检测介电层堆栈中的任何吸收贡献,自由选择的测试波长提供了光学表征的更详细见解。根据该方法,在激光量热试验台上实现了OPO系统。通过这种方法,具有足够激光功率的可调谐激光源可用于进行热吸收测量。本文详细研究了介质光学元件中材料成分的贡献。
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引用次数: 3
Thermal mechanism of laser-induced damages in KDP crystals 激光致KDP晶体损伤的热机制
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752824
A. Surmin, S. Lambert, F. Guillet, B. Minot, D. Damiani, F. Gervais
In this paper, the nature of the crystalline phases observed at the surface damage sites resulting from laser irradiation is investigated by X-ray diffraction. The results are compared against new data on thermal decomposition of KDP salt. The damage sites consist of polycrystalline KDP and partially dehydrated phases. The comparison with the thermal decomposition study allows to assign a temperature range to the overall temperature reached by the surface during the damaging process. Finally, the difference between surface damage and bulk damage is discussed.
本文用x射线衍射研究了激光辐照后表面损伤部位的结晶相性质。结果与KDP盐热分解的新数据进行了比较。损伤部位由多晶KDP相和部分脱水相组成。与热分解研究的比较允许为表面在破坏过程中达到的总体温度指定一个温度范围。最后,讨论了表面损伤与本体损伤的区别。
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引用次数: 4
Influence of electric field distribution on laser induced damage threshold and morphology of high reflectance optical coatings 电场分布对高反射率光学涂层激光损伤阈值及形貌的影响
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752902
G. Abromavičius, R. Buzelis, R. Drazdys, A. Melninkaitis, V. Sirutkaitis
Various investigations show that damage threshold of optical coatings by intense ultrashort laser pulses is closely related to the intensity of electric field at layer interfaces. LIDT measurements of high reflectance optical coatings using femtosecond pulses at 800 nm wavelength are presented. ZrO2, HfO2 and Ta2O5 as high refractive index materials for two sets of experiments were chosen. Two different coating designs were investigated: standard quarter-wavelength design with SiO2 overcoat and modified "E-field" non quarter-wavelength design with suppressed electric field. Damage sites were studied using optical and AFM microscopes. Relation between electric field distribution and damage morphology was observed. The results demonstrate, that suppressing electric field at layer interfaces enables to increase LIDT for high reflectance coatings almost twice if compared to standard quarter-wavelength design when using ultrashort laser pulses. However electric field distribution is sensitive to variations in thicknesses of outer layers, so deposition process should be precisely controlled to get improvement in LIDT of coatings.
各种研究表明,强超短激光脉冲对光学涂层的损伤阈值与层界面处电场强度密切相关。本文介绍了利用飞秒脉冲在800nm波长下对高反射率光学涂层进行LIDT测量的方法。选择ZrO2、HfO2和Ta2O5作为高折射率材料进行两组实验。研究了两种不同的涂层设计:标准四分之一波长SiO2涂层设计和抑制电场的改良“e场”非四分之一波长涂层设计。利用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜对损伤部位进行了研究。观察电场分布与损伤形貌的关系。结果表明,当使用超短激光脉冲时,抑制层界面处的电场可以使高反射率涂层的LIDT增加几乎是标准四分之一波长设计的两倍。但电场分布对镀层厚度的变化很敏感,因此需要对镀层的沉积过程进行精确控制,以提高镀层的LIDT。
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引用次数: 39
Influence of laser beam size and wavelength in the determination of LIDT and associated laser damage precursor densities in KH2PO4 激光束尺寸和波长对KH2PO4中LIDT测定及相关激光损伤前驱体密度的影响
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.750142
J. Natoli, J. Capoulade, H. Piombini, B. Bertussi
The laser resistance of large optical components remains an important limitation for the performances and the maintenance costs in LMJ or NIF projects. For practical reasons LIDT studies are commonly performed with small samples and table top lasers whose characteristics change from one to another. In these conditions, it is necessary to know exactly the influence of the different experimental parameters (wavelength, spot size, ...) on the final data. These considerations are particularly true in heterogeneous materials as KDP crystals. Indeed the use of different laser beam sizes (from μm to hundreds μm) to plot laser damage probability curves had clearly shown that at 355nm in KDP, it is possible to exhibit a limit of irradiated area which permit to distinguish two different LIDT associated with two laser damage precursors densities. This prior result has put in evidence the influence of irradiated beam size in the discrimination of different kinds of defects in KDP. We present in this paper a systematic study of beam size effect in KDP for three different wavelengths: 355nm, 532nm and 1064nm. This study performed in 1:1 and R:1 mode will reveal precursors for each wavelength and their respective evolution under repetitive shots for small and large beams. This multi-parameters study will help us to highlight mechanisms involved in laser-induced damage in KDP crystal.
在LMJ或NIF项目中,大型光学元件的激光电阻仍然是影响其性能和维护成本的重要因素。由于实际原因,LIDT研究通常是用小样本和桌面激光器进行的,其特性从一个到另一个变化。在这种情况下,有必要确切地知道不同的实验参数(波长、光斑大小等)对最终数据的影响。这些考虑在像KDP晶体这样的非均相材料中尤其正确。事实上,使用不同的激光束尺寸(从μm到数百μm)来绘制激光损伤概率曲线已经清楚地表明,在355nm的KDP中,有可能显示出一个辐照面积的限制,允许区分与两种激光损伤前体密度相关的两种不同的LIDT。这一先前的结果证明了辐照光束尺寸对KDP中不同类型缺陷的识别的影响。本文系统地研究了355nm、532nm和1064nm三种不同波长下KDP的光束尺寸效应。在1:1和R:1模式下进行的研究将揭示每个波长的前体及其在小光束和大光束重复拍摄下的各自演变。这一多参数的研究将有助于我们揭示激光诱导KDP晶体损伤的机制。
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引用次数: 21
James Webb Space Telescope: a large deployable cryogenic telescope in space 詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜:在太空中可展开的大型低温望远镜
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.754010
P. Lightsey
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large space based astronomical telescope that will operate at cryogenic temperatures in an Earth-Sun L2 Orbit. The architecture has the telescope exposed to space, with a large sun shield providing thermal isolation and protection from direct illumination from the sun. The instruments will have the capability to observe over a spectral range from 0.6 μm to 28 μm wavelengths. The following paper will present an overview of the architecture and describe some of the features of the optical design for the JWST environment.
詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)是一个大型太空天文望远镜,将在地球-太阳L2轨道的低温下运行。该建筑将望远镜暴露在空间中,有一个大的遮阳板提供热隔离和保护,免受太阳的直接照射。这些仪器将能够在0.6 μm至28 μm波长的光谱范围内进行观测。下面的文章将概述该体系结构,并描述JWST环境的光学设计的一些特性。
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引用次数: 61
Effects of wavelengths combination on initiation and growth of laser-induced surface damage in SiO2 波长组合对SiO2激光表面损伤萌生和生长的影响
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.753057
L. Lamaignère, S. Reyné, M. Loiseau, J. Poncetta, H. Bercegol
Campaigns of laser damage tests at 1w of Nd-YAG laser (1064 nm), 3w and with a combination of these two wavelengths, were conducted to complete previous existing data on damage growth in fused silica output surface. It is known that UV light is very effective in inducing preexisting damage craters to grow. When both wavelengths are present, the effect of 1w beam on damage growth depends on the delay between the IR and the UV beam. When the 1w reaches the sample before the 3w, it has nearly no consequence on growth rate. On the opposite, when the IR beam is delayed and strikes the sample after the 3w pulse, its energy simply adds to the UV in enhancing damage growth. Damage initiation is much more affected by 3w than 1w pulses. However, the number of surface damage craters also increased by the addition of 1w photons to the UV beam.
在1064 nm的Nd-YAG激光(1w)、3w以及这两种波长的组合下进行了激光损伤测试,以完成先前关于熔融石英输出表面损伤生长的现有数据。众所周知,紫外线在诱导先前存在的损伤坑生长方面非常有效。当两种波长都存在时,1w光束对损伤生长的影响取决于红外和紫外光束之间的延迟。当1w在3w之前到达样品时,它对生长速率几乎没有影响。相反,当红外光束延迟并在3w脉冲后撞击样品时,其能量只是增加了紫外线,从而增强了损伤的生长。3w脉冲比1w脉冲对损伤起爆的影响更大。然而,在紫外光束中加入1w光子后,表面损伤坑的数量也增加了。
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引用次数: 25
Preliminary results on mitigation of KDP surface damage using the ball dimpling method 球窝法缓解KDP表面损伤的初步结果
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752822
F. Guillet, B. Bertussi, L. Lamaignère, X. Leborgne, B. Minot
As laser conditioning ever increases the performance of KDP optics with respect to laser induced bulk damage so that it can meet high-power laser specifications, it is expected that surface damage may become the next threat that must be dealt with. This paper presents new data on surface damage initiation and growth at 3w. A surface damage mitigation process based on the ball-dimpling method is presented along with the first results on the behavior of this process with respect to laser irradiation.
随着激光调理不断提高KDP光学器件在激光诱导体损伤方面的性能,使其能够满足高功率激光规格,预计表面损伤可能成为下一个必须处理的威胁。本文介绍了3w下表面损伤发生和生长的新数据。提出了一种基于球窝法的表面损伤减缓过程,并初步研究了该过程在激光照射下的行为。
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引用次数: 23
Short pulse laser damage measurements of pulse compression gratings for petawatt laser 佩瓦激光器脉冲压缩光栅的短脉冲激光损伤测量
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752783
G. Razé, J. Néauport, G. Dupuy, M. Balas, G. Mennerat, E. Lavastre
An optical bench was developed to measure laser induced damage thresholds in 1:1 and S:1 modes on mirror and grating samples. The laser based on Ti. Sapphire technology delivers Gaussian pulse of 500fs with a maximal energy of 3mJ at 1057nm. The experimental setup can deliver on the sample a peak fluence of 9J/cm2 in right section of the beam with a spot size of 200μm (diameter at 1/e2). Laser induced damage thresholds have been measured on several multidielectric samples produced with different processes. We present in this paper the damage testing setup in details and give some of the obtained results.
建立了一种光学平台,用于测量镜面和光栅样品在1:1和S:1模式下的激光诱导损伤阈值。基于钛的激光器。蓝宝石技术提供500fs的高斯脉冲,在1057nm处最大能量为3mJ。该实验装置在光斑尺寸为200μm(直径为1/e2)的光束右半段可使样品获得9J/cm2的峰值通量。对几种不同工艺制备的多介质样品进行了激光损伤阈值测量。本文详细介绍了损伤试验装置,并给出了一些试验结果。
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引用次数: 2
Progress in the understanding of fracture related laser damage of fused silica 熔融石英激光损伤与断裂的认识进展
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752830
H. Bercegol, P. Grua, D. Hébert, J. Morreeuw
Numerous experimental and theoretical contributions in the past have stressed the detrimental effect of fractures in the generation of surface laser damage sites in fused silica illuminated at 351 nm. However, two very important steps lack for the moment on the way towards a scientific understanding of the role of fractures. 1. a physical model must be developed to predict damage events starting from real defect sites 2. a reproducible measurement must be obtained and compared with calculations. Here we present the theoretical work realized to reach the first goal. Contrary to previous discussions on fractures, the electromagnetic configuration is calculated in the case of a real material, with electronic surface states, bulk defects, and defects dynamics. Due to electromagnetic field enhancement in the fracture, surface defects absorb a sufficient part of laser energy, able to heat silica above the vaporization temperature. This is the initial event that triggers production of more excited states during the pulse, and steep increase of temperature and pressure fields. Comparisons with available experimental results are positive. Calculated fluences of damage initiation are very near those of measured events on engineered fractures, or on real defects in polished samples.
过去许多实验和理论的贡献都强调了在351nm照射下熔融二氧化硅表面激光损伤位点的产生中裂缝的有害影响。然而,在科学理解骨折作用的道路上,目前还缺少两个非常重要的步骤。1. 必须开发一个物理模型来预测从实际缺陷点开始的损坏事件2。必须获得可重复的测量结果,并与计算结果进行比较。本文介绍了为实现第一个目标所做的理论工作。与之前关于断裂的讨论相反,电磁构型是在真实材料的情况下计算的,具有电子表面态、体缺陷和缺陷动力学。由于断口处电磁场的增强,表面缺陷吸收了足够的激光能量,能够将二氧化硅加热到汽化温度以上。这是触发脉冲期间产生更多激发态的初始事件,以及温度和压力场的急剧增加。与现有实验结果的比较是肯定的。计算出的损伤起裂的影响与工程裂缝或抛光样品中实际缺陷的测量结果非常接近。
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引用次数: 48
The exponential fitting of optical threshold and analyses of testing errors 光学阈值的指数拟合及测试误差分析
Pub Date : 2007-10-10 DOI: 10.1117/12.752814
Da-wei Li, J. Shao, Yuanan Zhao, Kui Yi, H. Qi
The effect of irradiated spot size and number of sites exposed for each pulse energy or power density on damage possibility is studied. It is shown that larger irradiating spot size and more sites tested for each pulse energy or power density, more accurate damage data could be obtained. Also the effect of defect distribution should be taken into account and it also affects the accuracy of damage threshold determination. A new method, exponential fitting, is described and it yields more accurate damage onset. And it is derived from but suitable to more than all-degeneration model.
研究了每一脉冲能量或功率密度下辐照点大小和暴露点数目对损伤可能性的影响。结果表明,每个脉冲能量或功率密度的辐照斑尺寸越大,测试的部位越多,得到的损伤数据越准确。缺陷分布的影响也会影响损伤阈值确定的准确性。本文提出了一种新的方法,即指数拟合方法,该方法可以得到更精确的损伤起始点。它不仅适用于所有退化模型,而且也适用于所有退化模型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
SPIE Laser Damage
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