Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569262
S. Nishimura, Hai-Yun Jiang
In this paper, we present a new structure for a complex adaptive IIR notch filter which is useful for the detection of complex sinusoids in communication and radar systems. The proposed structure is based on the direct form first-order complex notch filter using a gradient-based algorithm. A quantitative analysis for convergence properties is developed. It has been shown that the convergence speed does not depend on the variance of input white noise. The effects of colored Gaussian noise on convergence speed have been analyzed. By using the proposed first-order section, a new cascaded structure for the complex adaptive notch filter is also shown. The results of computer simulation are shown which confirm the theoretical prediction.
{"title":"Gradient-based complex adaptive IIR notch filters for frequency estimation","authors":"S. Nishimura, Hai-Yun Jiang","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569262","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new structure for a complex adaptive IIR notch filter which is useful for the detection of complex sinusoids in communication and radar systems. The proposed structure is based on the direct form first-order complex notch filter using a gradient-based algorithm. A quantitative analysis for convergence properties is developed. It has been shown that the convergence speed does not depend on the variance of input white noise. The effects of colored Gaussian noise on convergence speed have been analyzed. By using the proposed first-order section, a new cascaded structure for the complex adaptive notch filter is also shown. The results of computer simulation are shown which confirm the theoretical prediction.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83858405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569219
K.M. Elleithy, M.A. Aref
In this paper, the verification strategy of the PROVER environment is presented. The PROVER system (PROduction system for hardware VERification) uses CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System). PROVER is a rule-based framework for formal hardware verification. The environment supports verification at different levels of hardware specification. The verification strategy is illustrated in this paper using a carry select adder as a case study.
{"title":"Verification strategy in PROVER","authors":"K.M. Elleithy, M.A. Aref","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569219","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the verification strategy of the PROVER environment is presented. The PROVER system (PROduction system for hardware VERification) uses CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System). PROVER is a rule-based framework for formal hardware verification. The environment supports verification at different levels of hardware specification. The verification strategy is illustrated in this paper using a carry select adder as a case study.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83217477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569239
Gi-Seok Kim, Young-sik Park, Kun-Woen Song, Yeong-Ho Ha
The contour coding in the segmentation-based coding usually occupies the biggest part in the encoded bitstream. In this paper, contour segments are adaptively encoded by considering neighbor regions. Encoded bitrate is reduced without loss of the subjective image quality. After morphological segmentation of the image using the watershed algorithm, the contour segments are classified according to the contrast of the adjacent regions. Then, the contour segments with low contrast are highly compressed with various simplification such as polygonal approximation and morphological low pass filtering. Experimental results show outstanding performance for the very low bitrate video coding.
{"title":"Adaptive contour representation based on morphological segmentation","authors":"Gi-Seok Kim, Young-sik Park, Kun-Woen Song, Yeong-Ho Ha","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569239","url":null,"abstract":"The contour coding in the segmentation-based coding usually occupies the biggest part in the encoded bitstream. In this paper, contour segments are adaptively encoded by considering neighbor regions. Encoded bitrate is reduced without loss of the subjective image quality. After morphological segmentation of the image using the watershed algorithm, the contour segments are classified according to the contrast of the adjacent regions. Then, the contour segments with low contrast are highly compressed with various simplification such as polygonal approximation and morphological low pass filtering. Experimental results show outstanding performance for the very low bitrate video coding.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569235
H. Patangia
An application of the well-known N-Path technique to signal generation is presented. The realization has the inherent advantage of the N-Path system in regard to frequency stability and tunability. The method is suitable for the generation of any type of complex signals. Signal frequency multiplication can also be performed through this method. Practical results of a 32-path system using time-multiplexed paths for the generation of a sinusoidal signal are included. The peak amplitude and the frequency of the sinusoid are digitally programmable.
{"title":"A switched-capacitor N-path signal generator","authors":"H. Patangia","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569235","url":null,"abstract":"An application of the well-known N-Path technique to signal generation is presented. The realization has the inherent advantage of the N-Path system in regard to frequency stability and tunability. The method is suitable for the generation of any type of complex signals. Signal frequency multiplication can also be performed through this method. Practical results of a 32-path system using time-multiplexed paths for the generation of a sinusoidal signal are included. The peak amplitude and the frequency of the sinusoid are digitally programmable.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73735704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569324
Y. Okano, N. Hamada
A method of varying frequency estimation using Gabor filter bank and neural network is proposed. This method consists of two phases. First phase is the feature extraction step which decomposes a given input signal into each frequency components using Gabor filter bank. Then such components are treated as features in the frequency domain. Second phase is the estimation step which calculates instantaneous frequency from the first phase outputs using neural network. Neural network has the ability to estimate instantaneous frequency not only against artificial signal, but also against added noise signal. The aim of the proposed method is to estimate the varying frequency of non-stationary 1-D and 2-D (real) signal, where local frequency is assumed to vary smoothly.
{"title":"Estimation of varying frequency by Gabor filters and neural network","authors":"Y. Okano, N. Hamada","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569324","url":null,"abstract":"A method of varying frequency estimation using Gabor filter bank and neural network is proposed. This method consists of two phases. First phase is the feature extraction step which decomposes a given input signal into each frequency components using Gabor filter bank. Then such components are treated as features in the frequency domain. Second phase is the estimation step which calculates instantaneous frequency from the first phase outputs using neural network. Neural network has the ability to estimate instantaneous frequency not only against artificial signal, but also against added noise signal. The aim of the proposed method is to estimate the varying frequency of non-stationary 1-D and 2-D (real) signal, where local frequency is assumed to vary smoothly.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569209
Kyusik Park, Sung-Chan Hong, Hyeong-Kyo Kim
This paper presents recent results in analysis and design of optimum two dimensional (2D) filter banks for subband coding of images in the presence of quantization noise. General M-band 2D separable filter banks are considered. The quantization effects in two dimensional subband coding system is analyzed by employing the polyphase decomposition technique of the subband filter bank and using the gain-plus-additive noise model for the quantizer. The mean square (MS) quantization error due to the quantizer if then calculated at the system output. This mean square error (MSE) serves as the measure in the optimum design and evaluation of subband filter banks. Numerical design examples with orthonormal and biorthonormal constraints on the subband filter banks are shown and tested with actual LENA image.
{"title":"Optimized subband coding of images","authors":"Kyusik Park, Sung-Chan Hong, Hyeong-Kyo Kim","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents recent results in analysis and design of optimum two dimensional (2D) filter banks for subband coding of images in the presence of quantization noise. General M-band 2D separable filter banks are considered. The quantization effects in two dimensional subband coding system is analyzed by employing the polyphase decomposition technique of the subband filter bank and using the gain-plus-additive noise model for the quantizer. The mean square (MS) quantization error due to the quantizer if then calculated at the system output. This mean square error (MSE) serves as the measure in the optimum design and evaluation of subband filter banks. Numerical design examples with orthonormal and biorthonormal constraints on the subband filter banks are shown and tested with actual LENA image.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74148957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569273
K. Takaya
Recovery of phase from magnitude or imaginary part from real part can be accomplished if a signal is well represented by a zero-padded double length data sequence. The zero-padded portion of such double length data can be thought of as a result of cancellation between two double length odd and even signals. Symmetry and anti-symmetry associated with the DFT of even data and odd data warrants the recovery of the phase. A method of deconvolution to reconstruct the original spectrum from zero padded double length data is also presented. This method of phase recovery is applied to an exponentially decaying wave consisting of several spectral components to demonstrate the validity of the method.
{"title":"Recovery of phase from first order spectrum","authors":"K. Takaya","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569273","url":null,"abstract":"Recovery of phase from magnitude or imaginary part from real part can be accomplished if a signal is well represented by a zero-padded double length data sequence. The zero-padded portion of such double length data can be thought of as a result of cancellation between two double length odd and even signals. Symmetry and anti-symmetry associated with the DFT of even data and odd data warrants the recovery of the phase. A method of deconvolution to reconstruct the original spectrum from zero padded double length data is also presented. This method of phase recovery is applied to an exponentially decaying wave consisting of several spectral components to demonstrate the validity of the method.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74181539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569312
A. Katsaggelos
Many digital consumer products which utilize digital images and video are on the horizon today. Items such as personal communication systems (PCS) which utilize video may provide a great deal of opportunity for the application of restoration ideas to coded images. It is important to obtain a perspective on the future of image restoration which considers the driving importance of consumer applications. Specific restoration techniques are described and various experimental restoration results with video and still images are demonstrated.
{"title":"Recent trends in image restoration and enhancement techniques","authors":"A. Katsaggelos","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569312","url":null,"abstract":"Many digital consumer products which utilize digital images and video are on the horizon today. Items such as personal communication systems (PCS) which utilize video may provide a great deal of opportunity for the application of restoration ideas to coded images. It is important to obtain a perspective on the future of image restoration which considers the driving importance of consumer applications. Specific restoration techniques are described and various experimental restoration results with video and still images are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73308512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569308
A. Kahng, S. Muddu
With submicron technologies, gate delays are dominated by gate load delays rather than intrinsic gate delays. While the common approach for computing gate load delay (or total gate delay) is through delay tables (or k-factor equations), there are important methodology problems associated with the delay table approach. In this paper, we propose a gate driver model with a Thevenin equivalent circuit consisting of a ramp voltage source whose slew time is obtained from the gate slew tables, and a driver resistance in series with the gate load. We then develop analytical gate delay formulas using this Thevenin driver model and modeling the load with various gate load models under both rising and falling ramp input.
{"title":"Gate load delay computation using analytical models","authors":"A. Kahng, S. Muddu","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569308","url":null,"abstract":"With submicron technologies, gate delays are dominated by gate load delays rather than intrinsic gate delays. While the common approach for computing gate load delay (or total gate delay) is through delay tables (or k-factor equations), there are important methodology problems associated with the delay table approach. In this paper, we propose a gate driver model with a Thevenin equivalent circuit consisting of a ramp voltage source whose slew time is obtained from the gate slew tables, and a driver resistance in series with the gate load. We then develop analytical gate delay formulas using this Thevenin driver model and modeling the load with various gate load models under both rising and falling ramp input.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76577809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569296
I. Peters, P. Molitor, M. Weber
We present a generalized center terminal cell model and propose over-the-cell (OTC) routing algorithms, utilizing the new feature of the model, i.e., Vertical Floating Pins (VFPs). We approach the problem by linear integer programming and by dynamic programming. For further channel density reduction, both approaches have been combined with linear channel pin assignment. Experiments show a total density reduction by 45% compared to other OTC routing algorithms for center terminal cells.
{"title":"Vertical floating pins in OTC routing [VLSI layout]","authors":"I. Peters, P. Molitor, M. Weber","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569296","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generalized center terminal cell model and propose over-the-cell (OTC) routing algorithms, utilizing the new feature of the model, i.e., Vertical Floating Pins (VFPs). We approach the problem by linear integer programming and by dynamic programming. For further channel density reduction, both approaches have been combined with linear channel pin assignment. Experiments show a total density reduction by 45% compared to other OTC routing algorithms for center terminal cells.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79053898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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