Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569267
P. Mathiopoulos
This paper presents an overview of the various transceiver (transmitter/receiver) structures designed for advanced wireless personal communication systems (PCS). First the status of the different-past, current, and future- wireless PCS is reviewed and a brief description of the fading channels applicable to such systems is presented. The paper then classifies: (i) the various transmitter structures in terms of their modulation schemes; and (ii) their associate receiver structures in terms of the most important and generic techniques employed to mitigate the effects of the fading distortion. In doing so, the most important qualities, advantages and disadvantages of these generic transceiver structures are reviewed.
{"title":"An overview of transceiver structures for advanced wireless personal communication systems (PCS)","authors":"P. Mathiopoulos","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the various transceiver (transmitter/receiver) structures designed for advanced wireless personal communication systems (PCS). First the status of the different-past, current, and future- wireless PCS is reviewed and a brief description of the fading channels applicable to such systems is presented. The paper then classifies: (i) the various transmitter structures in terms of their modulation schemes; and (ii) their associate receiver structures in terms of the most important and generic techniques employed to mitigate the effects of the fading distortion. In doing so, the most important qualities, advantages and disadvantages of these generic transceiver structures are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75265824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569276
Nam-Hoon Kim, Chunghee Kim, Hyunchul Shin
Partitioning is an important step in the hierarchical design of very large scale integrated circuits. In this research, an improved partitioning based on 2-level hierarchy has been developed. New techniques for clustering and cluster refining have been developed. After clusters are formed, they can be refined by moving cells among the clusters. For partitioning, the hierarchical gradual constraint enforcing partitioning method has been used. The clustering-based partitioning algorithm has been applied to MCNC benchmark examples and produced excellent results.
{"title":"An improved partitioning method using clustering refinement [VLSI design]","authors":"Nam-Hoon Kim, Chunghee Kim, Hyunchul Shin","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569276","url":null,"abstract":"Partitioning is an important step in the hierarchical design of very large scale integrated circuits. In this research, an improved partitioning based on 2-level hierarchy has been developed. New techniques for clustering and cluster refining have been developed. After clusters are formed, they can be refined by moving cells among the clusters. For partitioning, the hierarchical gradual constraint enforcing partitioning method has been used. The clustering-based partitioning algorithm has been applied to MCNC benchmark examples and produced excellent results.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76251209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569256
N. Watanabe, T. Nakachi, N. Hamada
In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive line enhancer (ALE) using a new lattice structure. The new lattice filter implementation of an ALE has superior convergence because of its orthogonality of backward prediction error fields. We discuss a method of determining the so-called decorrelation parameters so that periodic signal is strongly emphasized than the colored noise. Simulations are demonstrated to examine the validity of the proposed theory.
{"title":"2-D adaptive line enhancer using a new lattice structure","authors":"N. Watanabe, T. Nakachi, N. Hamada","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569256","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive line enhancer (ALE) using a new lattice structure. The new lattice filter implementation of an ALE has superior convergence because of its orthogonality of backward prediction error fields. We discuss a method of determining the so-called decorrelation parameters so that periodic signal is strongly emphasized than the colored noise. Simulations are demonstrated to examine the validity of the proposed theory.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74778477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569314
Choung Shik Park, Sangbang Choi
The multiprocessor scheduling is the problem of mapping the tasks of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) onto the processors of a multiprocessor system in a way that minimizes the completion time. Since this problem is known to be NP-complete, many heuristic scheduling algorithms are developed to achieve near optimal schedules in a reasonable amount of computation time. In this paper we present a heuristic scheduling algorithm based on linear clustering scheme and effectiveness of proposed algorithm is assured by computer simulations.
{"title":"Scheduling directed acyclic task graphs with coarse granularity onto multiprocessors","authors":"Choung Shik Park, Sangbang Choi","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569314","url":null,"abstract":"The multiprocessor scheduling is the problem of mapping the tasks of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) onto the processors of a multiprocessor system in a way that minimizes the completion time. Since this problem is known to be NP-complete, many heuristic scheduling algorithms are developed to achieve near optimal schedules in a reasonable amount of computation time. In this paper we present a heuristic scheduling algorithm based on linear clustering scheme and effectiveness of proposed algorithm is assured by computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75061447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569215
Y. Sumi, S. Obote, K. Tsuda, K. Syoubu, Y. Fukui
Conventionally, the division ratio of the programmable divider in the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer is an only integer. Therefore, it has been hoped to realize the fractional-N programmable divider which can divide not only an integer step but also a fractional step. In this paper, a new fractional-N programmable divider for the PLL frequency synthesizer is proposed. In this divider, the width of phase error pulse which phase detector produces in every period of reference frequency is decreased by introducing the new division ratio (N+1/2) besides N and (N+1).
{"title":"Novel fractional-N PLL frequency synthesizer with reduced phase error","authors":"Y. Sumi, S. Obote, K. Tsuda, K. Syoubu, Y. Fukui","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569215","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, the division ratio of the programmable divider in the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer is an only integer. Therefore, it has been hoped to realize the fractional-N programmable divider which can divide not only an integer step but also a fractional step. In this paper, a new fractional-N programmable divider for the PLL frequency synthesizer is proposed. In this divider, the width of phase error pulse which phase detector produces in every period of reference frequency is decreased by introducing the new division ratio (N+1/2) besides N and (N+1).","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74308078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569299
Young Soo Kim, K. Yoon
This paper presents an analog layout floorplanner whose module library is parameterized with its layout structure. The developed floorplanner employs the parameterized layout template that enhances the CIF (Caltech Intermediate Form) description language. By utilizing this template, the complexity of the generator text is reduced, and an additional complex parser and analyzer are not required. This floorplanner has been tested on several benchmark circuits and displayed six to ten times of generator text reduction.
{"title":"An analog layout floorplanner using its parameterized module layout structure","authors":"Young Soo Kim, K. Yoon","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569299","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analog layout floorplanner whose module library is parameterized with its layout structure. The developed floorplanner employs the parameterized layout template that enhances the CIF (Caltech Intermediate Form) description language. By utilizing this template, the complexity of the generator text is reduced, and an additional complex parser and analyzer are not required. This floorplanner has been tested on several benchmark circuits and displayed six to ten times of generator text reduction.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82232429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569208
M. Maeda, H. Miyajima, S. Murashima
Vector quantization is required the algorithm that minimizes the distortion error, and used for both storage and transmission of speech and image data. For a neural vector quantization, the self-creating neural network and self-deleting neural network and known for showing fine characters. In this paper, we improve the self-deleting neural network, and propose a generalization algorithm combining the creating and deleting neural networks. We discuss algorithms with neighborhood relations compared with the proposed one. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"A self-deleting neural network for vector quantization","authors":"M. Maeda, H. Miyajima, S. Murashima","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569208","url":null,"abstract":"Vector quantization is required the algorithm that minimizes the distortion error, and used for both storage and transmission of speech and image data. For a neural vector quantization, the self-creating neural network and self-deleting neural network and known for showing fine characters. In this paper, we improve the self-deleting neural network, and propose a generalization algorithm combining the creating and deleting neural networks. We discuss algorithms with neighborhood relations compared with the proposed one. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80188607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569266
O. Kwon, C. Un
Assuming that the score of a speech utterance is a weighted sum of hidden Markov model (HMM) log state-likelihoods, we propose a new method of finding discriminative state-weights recursively using the generalized probabilistic descent method. Experimental results showed that the recognizers with phoneme-based and word-based state-weights achieved 20% and 50% decrease in word error rate, respectively, for isolated word recognition, and 5% decrease for continuous speech recognition. Our approach yields recognition accuracies comparable to those of the previous approaches for continuous speech recognition, but it is much simpler to implement than others.
{"title":"Discriminative state-weighting of HMM-based speech recognizers","authors":"O. Kwon, C. Un","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569266","url":null,"abstract":"Assuming that the score of a speech utterance is a weighted sum of hidden Markov model (HMM) log state-likelihoods, we propose a new method of finding discriminative state-weights recursively using the generalized probabilistic descent method. Experimental results showed that the recognizers with phoneme-based and word-based state-weights achieved 20% and 50% decrease in word error rate, respectively, for isolated word recognition, and 5% decrease for continuous speech recognition. Our approach yields recognition accuracies comparable to those of the previous approaches for continuous speech recognition, but it is much simpler to implement than others.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77698605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569291
J. Kwon, Donghoon Lee, Sangmin Lee, Nag-hwan Kim, Seung-Hong Hong
To be functional in a practical sense for real-time control of assistive devices, a myoprocessor must successfully integrate both detection and estimation systems. This paper describes an approach for classifying electromyographic (EMG) signals using a multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) hybrid classifier and force estimation. Instead of using MLPs as probability generators for HMMs the authors propose to use MLPs as the second classifiers to increase discrimination rates of myoelectric patterns. This strategy is proposed to overcome weak discrimination and to consider dynamic properties of EMG signals. Two discrimination strategies (HMM, and HMM with three subnet MLPs) for discriminating signals representative of 6 primitive class of motions are described and compared. The proposed strategy increase the discrimination results considerably. Results are presented to support this approach.
{"title":"EMG signals recognition for continuous prosthetic arm control purpose","authors":"J. Kwon, Donghoon Lee, Sangmin Lee, Nag-hwan Kim, Seung-Hong Hong","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569291","url":null,"abstract":"To be functional in a practical sense for real-time control of assistive devices, a myoprocessor must successfully integrate both detection and estimation systems. This paper describes an approach for classifying electromyographic (EMG) signals using a multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) hybrid classifier and force estimation. Instead of using MLPs as probability generators for HMMs the authors propose to use MLPs as the second classifiers to increase discrimination rates of myoelectric patterns. This strategy is proposed to overcome weak discrimination and to consider dynamic properties of EMG signals. Two discrimination strategies (HMM, and HMM with three subnet MLPs) for discriminating signals representative of 6 primitive class of motions are described and compared. The proposed strategy increase the discrimination results considerably. Results are presented to support this approach.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87725267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/APCAS.1996.569328
Tae-eun Kim, S. Ryu, J. Choi
We propose a technique to estimate reflectance properties and the recovery of shape by using the Sample sphere and Diffuse Illumination Method. The Photometric Stereo Method (PSM) is generally based on a direct light source. Our PSM is modified with diffuse illumination and then applied to a hybrid reflectance model which consists of two main components, Lambertian and specular reflectance. A sample sphere made of one material is used to estimate the reflectance properties by using the LMS algorithm. We make a reference table which consists of surface normal and brightness values using estimated reflectance parameters. The photometric matching method proposed is robust because it matches object images with the reference table considering the neighbor brightness distribution. The 3-D shape of an object can be recovered from pixel intensity distribution and a reference table. The algorithm should be applicable to vision inspection systems.
{"title":"Determining shape and reflectance properties objects by using diffuse illumination","authors":"Tae-eun Kim, S. Ryu, J. Choi","doi":"10.1109/APCAS.1996.569328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAS.1996.569328","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a technique to estimate reflectance properties and the recovery of shape by using the Sample sphere and Diffuse Illumination Method. The Photometric Stereo Method (PSM) is generally based on a direct light source. Our PSM is modified with diffuse illumination and then applied to a hybrid reflectance model which consists of two main components, Lambertian and specular reflectance. A sample sphere made of one material is used to estimate the reflectance properties by using the LMS algorithm. We make a reference table which consists of surface normal and brightness values using estimated reflectance parameters. The photometric matching method proposed is robust because it matches object images with the reference table considering the neighbor brightness distribution. The 3-D shape of an object can be recovered from pixel intensity distribution and a reference table. The algorithm should be applicable to vision inspection systems.","PeriodicalId":20507,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APCCAS'96 - Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89278925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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