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Modified constitutive models and cutting finite element simulation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at cryogenic 低温条件下 Ti-6Al-4V 合金的修正构成模型和切削有限元模拟
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241266325
Huaixin Lin, Gang Jin, Shaokun Luo, Guangyu Wang, Zhanjie Li
Mastering the high strain characteristics at cryogenics and constructing an accurate constitutive model are critical for establishing a cryogenic cutting simulation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The traditional constitutive model is inadequate for accounting for high and cryogenic conditions. In this paper, cryogenic split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments are conducted, specifically for Ti-6Al-4V alloy, to develop a modified Johnson–Cook (J–C) constitutive model that incorporates the cryogenic effect. A coupled two-dimensional orthogonal finite element simulation involving temperature displacement was conducted for the cryogenic cutting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. This simulation was performed using ABAQUS, based on a modified J–C constitutive model subroutine. It was observed that the smallest discrepancy between the simulation results and the data from ice-fixed milling experiments was just 2.12%. The modified J–C constitutive model is more adept at simulating the chip morphology under cryogenic conditions. It was also found that cryogenic machining enhances the distribution of temperature and stress within the chip. For every 5°C reduction in processing temperature, the tool temperature diminishes by more than 2%.
掌握低温条件下的高应变特性和构建精确的构成模型对于建立 Ti-6Al-4V 合金的低温切削模拟至关重要。传统的构成模型无法充分考虑高温和低温条件。本文专门针对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金进行了低温分裂霍普金森压力棒(SHPB)实验,以建立一个包含低温效应的修正约翰逊-库克(J-C)构成模型。针对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金的低温切削,进行了涉及温度位移的耦合二维正交有限元模拟。模拟使用 ABAQUS 进行,基于修改后的 J-C 构成模型子程序。据观察,模拟结果与冰固定铣削实验数据之间的最小差异仅为 2.12%。修改后的 J-C 构成模型更善于模拟低温条件下的切屑形态。研究还发现,低温加工增强了切屑内的温度和应力分布。加工温度每降低 5°C,刀具温度降低 2% 以上。
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引用次数: 0
Cam displacement curve optimization for minimal jerk using search and rescue optimization algorithm 利用搜索和救援优化算法优化凸轮位移曲线,实现最小挺举
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241260566
Marko Todorović, Goran Marković, Radovan Bulatović, Marina Bošković, Mile Savković
Polynomials of a degree higher than 8th used for the rise phase of displacement curve of a cam profile were optimized for gaining minimal jerk using the search and rescue optimization algorithm. The algorithm was used to obtain the polynomial coefficients for the polynomials of the higher degree that cannot be calculated by using the analytical approach without adding additional boundary conditions other than displacement, velocity and acceleration in characteristic positions. The degree of the polynomial from which the optimal value of jerk using the optimization algorithm can be obtained was determined, as well as the degree after which the results of the optimization give worse values of the jerk.
使用搜索和救援优化算法对凸轮轮廓位移曲线上升阶段所用的高于 8 度的多项式进行了优化,以获得最小的抽动。该算法用于获得高次多项式的多项式系数,这些系数无法通过分析方法计算,因为除了特征位置上的位移、速度和加速度外,还需要添加额外的边界条件。确定了使用优化算法可以获得最佳颠簸值的多项式的度数,以及优化结果给出较差颠簸值的度数。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of axial clearance on load distribution in double supported tapered roller bearings of wind turbine main shaft 轴向游隙对风力涡轮机主轴双支撑圆锥滚子轴承载荷分布的影响
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241266069
Yanwei Yuan, Jianmei Wang, Lu Ren, Jiguang Chen
The operational safety and stability of wind turbines are highly determined by the characteristics of main bearings, which are influenced by the axial clearance. In this paper, for the arrangement type of double-supported tapered roller bearings on the wind turbine main shaft, the actual clearance distribution assumption is established, and a new method of calculating the internal load distribution taking into account the axial clearance is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical relationship between the clearance of tapered roller bearings and ring displacement, contact deformation, and load interval is described. Secondly, the load components of main bearings are calculated by force balance equation and load-displacement condition. Finally, a mathematical model of main bearings including axial clearance is established, and it is numerically solved to obtain the internal load distribution of the bearings. The calculation results of a large megawatt wind turbine example show that: the axial load of both main bearings is negatively correlated with the sum of axial clearances; the number of loaded rolling elements is negatively correlated with the sum of axial clearances; and there exists an optimal value of the sum of axial clearances for main bearings to reach the optimal load carrying state.
风力发电机的运行安全性和稳定性在很大程度上取决于主轴承的特性,而主轴承的特性又受到轴向游隙的影响。本文针对风力发电机主轴上双支撑圆锥滚子轴承的布置形式,建立了实际游隙分布假设,并提出了考虑轴向游隙的内部载荷分布计算新方法。首先,描述了圆锥滚子轴承游隙与套圈位移、接触变形和载荷间隔之间的数学关系。其次,通过力平衡方程和载荷-位移条件计算主轴承的载荷分量。最后,建立了包括轴向游隙在内的主轴承数学模型,并通过数值求解得到了轴承的内部载荷分布。大型兆瓦级风力发电机实例的计算结果表明:两个主轴承的轴向载荷与轴向游隙之和呈负相关;受载滚动体的数量与轴向游隙之和呈负相关;主轴承的轴向游隙之和存在一个达到最佳承载状态的最佳值。
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引用次数: 0
Machine condition monitoring, fault diagnosis/prognosis, and maintenance 机器状态监测、故障诊断/诊断和维护
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241255987
Hongrui Cao, Olga Fink, Emeritus Fengshou Gu
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引用次数: 0
Experimental, numerical, and theoretical analysis of tapered belleville spring 锥形贝勒维尔弹簧的实验、数值和理论分析
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241266142
Umesh Singh, Manish Trikha, K.R.Y Simha, Ashitava Ghosal
Uniform thickness belleville springs(UBS) are a suitable replacement for coil springs in many applications due to their ability to take higher loads and their relatively small and compact size. This paper presents an experimental, numerical and theoretical analysis of the taper belleville spring(TBS). Experimental results on a normal taper belleville spring (NTBS), fabricated from stainless steel alloy (SS304), are presented. Non linear elastic-plastic finite element simulations support the experimental behaviour reasonably well. A correction factor based on Timoshenko’s theory of plates, to match the finite element analysis(FEA) results for NTBS, is presented. Reverse taper belleville spring (RTBS) analysis shows that it can store more elastic strain energy than UBS and NTBS. An optimisation study on TBS geometrical parameters is performed to attain maximum energy absorption for the null stiffness region.
均匀厚度贝勒维尔弹簧(UBS)能够承受更大的载荷,而且体积相对较小、结构紧凑,因此在许多应用中适合替代螺旋弹簧。本文对锥形贝勒维尔弹簧(TBS)进行了实验、数值和理论分析。本文介绍了用不锈钢合金(SS304)制造的法向锥形贝勒维尔弹簧(NTBS)的实验结果。非线性弹塑性有限元模拟结果与实验结果相当吻合。介绍了基于季莫申科板理论的修正系数,以匹配 NTBS 的有限元分析(FEA)结果。反向锥形贝勒维尔弹簧(RTBS)分析表明,与 UBS 和 NTBS 相比,它能存储更多的弹性应变能。对 TBS 的几何参数进行了优化研究,以获得空刚度区域的最大能量吸收。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive analysis method of the performance degradation of planetary roller screws under the time-varying load and errors 时变载荷和误差下行星滚柱螺杆性能退化的综合分析方法
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241264751
Kui Chen, Yongsheng Zhao, Jigui Zheng, Jianhui Wang, Yongqiang Dou
Time-varying loads, manufacturing errors, and assembly errors are the main factors leading to the performance degradation of the planetary roller screw mechanism. This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis method for the performance degradation of the planetary roller screw mechanism caused by time-varying loads and manufacturing and assembly errors. Firstly, a simulation analysis model of the planetary roller screw mechanism was established and its effectiveness was verified. A quantitative analysis was conducted on the influence of manufacturing and assembly errors on the load distribution, revealing the load-bearing mechanism under the influence of errors. Secondly, loading experiments were conducted on the planetary roller screw mechanism, and the degradation of its load-bearing performance was divided into the normal degradation stage, the accelerated degradation stage, and the failure stage. The experimental results prove that the initial transmission accuracy has a significant impact on the degradation of the load-bearing performance, determining the occurrence of the node where the accelerated degradation stage appears in the load-bearing performance. Thirdly, the wear status of the threads and gears was examined, and the results showed that material peeling was the main factor causing the degradation of load-bearing performance.
时变载荷、制造误差和装配误差是导致行星滚柱丝杠机构性能下降的主要因素。本文针对时变载荷、制造和装配误差引起的行星滚柱丝杠机构性能下降提出了一种综合分析方法。首先,建立了行星滚柱丝杠机构的仿真分析模型,并验证了其有效性。对制造和装配误差对载荷分布的影响进行了定量分析,揭示了误差影响下的承载机构。其次,对行星滚柱丝杠机构进行了加载实验,并将其承载性能退化分为正常退化阶段、加速退化阶段和失效阶段。实验结果证明,初始传动精度对承载性能退化有显著影响,决定了承载性能加速退化阶段节点的出现。第三,研究了螺纹和齿轮的磨损状况,结果表明材料剥落是导致承载性能退化的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
A novel harmonic drive with the full conjugate tooth profile 具有全共轭齿廓的新型谐波驱动装置
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241262654
Ran Xie, Yuhu Yang, Guocheng Zhou, Ben Gao, Yunlei Jiao, Ruijiang Yu
This paper presents an approach for designing a novel tooth profile of harmonic drives, which is composed of two pieces of curves, hypocycloid and epicycloid, generated by the rolling circles with appropriate radii. Compared with the conventional double-circular-arc or cycloidal tooth profile of harmonic drives, the tooth profile is characterized by full conjugation, more number of engaged teeth, and can be expressed analytically, etc. Firstly, the generation of the cycloids are briefly described, and then their conjugate criterion is investigated systematically based on Camus’s theorem. Secondly, the tooth profile equations for the circular spline and flexspline are established and the deformed neutral curve equation is derived. Next, the contact properties among the tooth profiles, including the line of action, meshing angle, etc., are studied systematically. Finally, a finite element model and a physical prototype for the harmonic drive with the tooth profile are developed, respectively. The effectiveness of the design method is verified by the contact performances simulation. The research may provide a new thought for the innovative design of harmonic drives with full conjugate tooth profile.
本文提出了一种设计谐波传动新型齿廓的方法,它由具有适当半径的滚动圆产生的下摆线和上摆线两段曲线组成。与传统的谐波传动双圆弧齿廓或摆线齿廓相比,该齿廓具有全共轭、啮合齿数更多、可分析表达等特点。首先,简要介绍了摆线齿的产生,然后根据卡缪定理系统地研究了其共轭准则。其次,建立了圆花键和挠性花键的齿廓方程,并推导出变形中性曲线方程。接着,系统研究了齿形之间的接触特性,包括作用线、啮合角等。最后,分别建立了齿廓谐波传动的有限元模型和物理原型。通过接触性能仿真验证了设计方法的有效性。该研究可为全共轭齿形谐波传动装置的创新设计提供新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and finite element analysis of surface asperity geometry during the running-in phase of rolling contact 滚动接触磨合阶段表面粗糙度几何形状的实验和有限元分析
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241263412
Nurul Farhana Mohd Yusof, Zaidi Mohd Ripin
This paper presents the experimental and finite element analysis of surface asperity geometry during the running-in phase of rolling contact. Previous research efforts typically relied on simulating various shapes of asperity geometry to elucidate rough surface characteristics. However, this approximation did not accurately represent the actual surface asperities. In this study, a rolling contact rig was fabricated, and periodic surface scans were utilized to track the deformation of roller surface asperities. The experimental findings reveal a notable 69% reduction in surface roughness throughout the running-in phase, alongside showcasing the deformation of asperity geometry. Subsequently, a simulation model is developed using data derived from these experiments. Stress analysis conducted on individual and multiple asperities illustrates a decrease in contact stress over time, indicating a transition in contact behavior from plastic to elastic. Furthermore, simulations involving multiple asperities demonstrate an expansion in contact length as roughness diminishes with increasing cycles. Initially, only the highest peaks of asperities make contact, resulting in elevated contact stress. However, as rolling cycles progress, a greater number of asperities come into contact, leading to a more uniform distribution of load. Notably, the more prominent asperities endure significant contact stress and deformation compared to their smaller counterparts.
本文介绍了对滚动接触磨合阶段表面粗糙度几何形状的实验和有限元分析。以往的研究通常依靠模拟各种形状的表面粗糙度来阐明粗糙表面的特征。然而,这种近似方法并不能准确反映实际的表面粗糙度。在这项研究中,我们制作了一个滚动接触装置,并利用周期性表面扫描来跟踪辊子表面粗糙度的变形情况。实验结果表明,在整个磨合阶段,表面粗糙度显著降低了 69%,同时还展示了表面粗糙度的几何变形。随后,利用这些实验数据开发了一个模拟模型。对单个和多个表面粗糙度进行的应力分析表明,接触应力随着时间的推移而减小,这表明接触行为已从塑性向弹性过渡。此外,涉及多个表面的模拟结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,粗糙度减小,接触长度也随之增加。起初,只有最高峰的表面进行接触,导致接触应力升高。然而,随着滚动周期的增加,更多的表面会发生接触,从而导致载荷分布更加均匀。值得注意的是,与较小的表面相比,较突出的表面会承受较大的接触应力和变形。
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引用次数: 0
Research on collaborative multi-UAV localization method based on combination navigation information 基于组合导航信息的多无人机协同定位方法研究
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241263747
Zhengyang Cao, Gang Chen
In challenging environments, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems often encounter unstable satellite signals and communication link interference. This paper proposes an integrated navigation method that integrates inertial navigation system (INS), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and visual navigation system (VNS). Utilizing data from onboard sensors, this method merges relative navigation information from feature tracking of multiple UAVs with each UAV’s absolute navigation data. It includes specially designed transmission rules to reduce data exchange between UAVs. Each UAV uses an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) method, which is enhanced into a collaborative AUKF (C-AUKF) using a message passing-based approach. Experiments in a simulated mission scenario revealed that the C-AUKF, in comparison to using extended Kalman filter (EKF), significantly improved flight test performance across the entire testing area, with a cumulative deviation of only 10.22 m, about 0.85% of the total flight distance. These results demonstrate that the proposed method not only meets accuracy requirements for position and velocity in integrated navigation but also significantly enhances multi-UAV navigation precision, particularly in scenarios with global positioning system (GPS) interference.
在充满挑战的环境中,无人飞行器(UAV)系统经常会遇到卫星信号不稳定和通信链路干扰的问题。本文提出了一种整合惯性导航系统(INS)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和视觉导航系统(VNS)的综合导航方法。该方法利用机载传感器的数据,将多架无人机特征跟踪的相对导航信息与每架无人机的绝对导航数据合并在一起。它包括专门设计的传输规则,以减少无人机之间的数据交换。每个无人机都使用自适应无特征卡尔曼滤波器(AUKF)方法,该方法使用基于消息传递的方法增强为协同 AUKF(C-AUKF)。模拟任务场景的实验表明,与使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)相比,C-AUKF 显著提高了整个测试区域的飞行测试性能,累计偏差仅为 10.22 米,约为总飞行距离的 0.85%。这些结果表明,所提出的方法不仅能满足综合导航对位置和速度的精度要求,还能显著提高多无人机的导航精度,尤其是在全球定位系统(GPS)干扰的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of increasing eccentricity and leakage on the performance of an axial piston pump 增加偏心率和泄漏对轴向柱塞泵性能的影响
IF 2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/09544062241262898
Anurag Pathak, Neeraj Sonkar, Rishabh Gupta, Ankur Miglani, Pavan Kumar Kankar
An Axial Piston Pump (APPs), suitable for high pressure and high efficiency, is used as the source of fluid power in the hydraulic system. Due to the compact design and relative motion between various parts, it causes wear in parts thus leakage introduce between various moving parts which work under tight tolerance. Multiple faults in an axial piston pump occur simultaneously after a long time of operation due to harsh working conditions and heavy loads. Faults in the pump deteriorate the pump’s performance and limit the operating range of the pump. Estimation must account for random and uncertain characteristics, and accurate wear prediction is difficult. Effective diagnosis improves pump dependability and performance. An approach based on simulation is utilized to model the impact of faults like leakage through eccentricity in piston-cylinder arrangement with increasing severity of clearance between piston-cylinder arrangement and its effect on the pump performance. As the clearance with different eccentricity between the piston and cylinder arrangement increases, outlet pressure and discharge of the pump remains unaffected up to a critical value of severity. After further increasing severity, outlet pressure and discharge reduce monotonically and saturate at a single value in extremely severe conditions. With increasing the severity of eccentricity in the piston-cylinder arrangement and increasing the severity of clearance, a critical threshold value shifts to a lower magnitude.
轴向柱塞泵(APPs)适用于高压和高效,是液压系统中的流体动力源。由于设计紧凑,各部件之间存在相对运动,因此会造成部件磨损,进而在公差很小的情况下工作的各运动部件之间产生泄漏。由于工作条件恶劣和负载较重,轴向柱塞泵在长时间运行后会同时出现多种故障。泵中的故障会恶化泵的性能并限制泵的工作范围。估算必须考虑随机和不确定的特性,因此很难准确预测磨损情况。有效的诊断可提高泵的可靠性和性能。本文采用一种基于仿真的方法来模拟活塞-气缸布置中的偏心泄漏等故障随着活塞-气缸布置间隙严重程度的增加而产生的影响及其对泵性能的影响。随着活塞与气缸布置之间不同偏心率间隙的增加,泵的出口压力和排量在达到严重程度临界值之前不受影响。进一步增加严重程度后,出口压力和排量会单调降低,并在极端严重的条件下达到饱和状态。随着活塞-气缸布置中偏心严重程度的增加和间隙严重程度的增加,临界阈值会降低。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
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