The development of magnetic separation technology using magnetic nanoparticles offers a promising avenue for targeted drug delivery and dealing with the upcoming water crises, environmental pollution and the gradual mineral resource depletion. In this study, a three-dimensional Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is carried out to simulate the performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to improve the separation process under the influence of an external magnetic field within a horizontal pipe. The crucial role of the drag force in capture efficiency (CE) prompted its examination, simulating various drag models for groups of particles. The Stokes-Cunningham model, showing a 3.59% average error is a suitable choice compared to experimental results. The research examines the impact of effective parameters, including flow velocity, magnetic field intensity, wire location, particle size and mass flow rate, and pipe diameter on CE and flow pattern. The results show that increasing nanoparticle concentration reshapes the flow pattern due to secondary flows without significantly changing separation efficiency. Moreover, decreasing flow velocity, diminishes drag force and enhances magnetic force impact. Specifically, reducing the velocity to a third increases CE by 37%. Furthermore, capture capacity varies approximately linearly with electric current. Due to the magnetic force’s role as a volumetric force in interphase momentum transfer, the increase in particle size from 200 to 500 nm at 3 × 105 A enhances CE by nearly 50%. However, increasing the pipe diameter diminishes particle capture, attributed to higher Reynolds numbers. According to the results, the impact of increasing magnetic field intensity and particle size on CE improvement is notably more pronounced compared to the effect of flow velocity reduction. A comparative analysis of three injection types reveals that using the group injection type helps to select an appropriate injection location to increase CE and identify the final positions of nanoparticles.
利用磁性纳米粒子开发磁性分离技术为靶向给药和应对即将到来的水危机、环境污染和矿产资源逐渐枯竭提供了一条前景广阔的途径。本研究利用三维拉格朗日离散相模型（DPM）模拟了 Fe3O4 纳米粒子在水平管道内受外磁场影响时改善分离过程的性能。阻力在捕获效率（CE）中的关键作用促使我们对其进行研究，并模拟了颗粒组的各种阻力模型。与实验结果相比，斯托克斯-坎宁安模型的平均误差为 3.59%，是一个合适的选择。研究考察了有效参数对 CE 和流动模式的影响，包括流速、磁场强度、导线位置、颗粒大小和质量流量以及管道直径。结果表明，纳米粒子浓度的增加会因二次流而改变流动模式，但不会显著改变分离效率。此外，降低流速可减少阻力，增强磁力影响。具体来说，将流速降低到三分之一，CE 会增加 37%。此外，捕获能力与电流大致呈线性关系。由于磁力在相间动量传递中起到体积力的作用，在 3 × 105 A 电流条件下，粒径从 200 纳米增加到 500 纳米，CE 提高了近 50%。然而，由于雷诺数较高，增加管道直径会减少颗粒捕获。结果表明，与流速降低的影响相比，磁场强度和颗粒尺寸的增加对 CE 改善的影响更为明显。对三种喷射类型的比较分析表明，使用分组喷射类型有助于选择合适的喷射位置来提高 CE 值，并确定纳米粒子的最终位置。
{"title":"Numerical study on Fe3O4 nanoparticle separation from water flow using magnetic field: A 3D simulation","authors":"Mozhgan Farzin, Amin Haghighi Poshtiri, Ramin Kouhikamali","doi":"10.1177/09544062241259613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241259613","url":null,"abstract":"The development of magnetic separation technology using magnetic nanoparticles offers a promising avenue for targeted drug delivery and dealing with the upcoming water crises, environmental pollution and the gradual mineral resource depletion. In this study, a three-dimensional Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is carried out to simulate the performance of Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles to improve the separation process under the influence of an external magnetic field within a horizontal pipe. The crucial role of the drag force in capture efficiency (CE) prompted its examination, simulating various drag models for groups of particles. The Stokes-Cunningham model, showing a 3.59% average error is a suitable choice compared to experimental results. The research examines the impact of effective parameters, including flow velocity, magnetic field intensity, wire location, particle size and mass flow rate, and pipe diameter on CE and flow pattern. The results show that increasing nanoparticle concentration reshapes the flow pattern due to secondary flows without significantly changing separation efficiency. Moreover, decreasing flow velocity, diminishes drag force and enhances magnetic force impact. Specifically, reducing the velocity to a third increases CE by 37%. Furthermore, capture capacity varies approximately linearly with electric current. Due to the magnetic force’s role as a volumetric force in interphase momentum transfer, the increase in particle size from 200 to 500 nm at 3 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> A enhances CE by nearly 50%. However, increasing the pipe diameter diminishes particle capture, attributed to higher Reynolds numbers. According to the results, the impact of increasing magnetic field intensity and particle size on CE improvement is notably more pronounced compared to the effect of flow velocity reduction. A comparative analysis of three injection types reveals that using the group injection type helps to select an appropriate injection location to increase CE and identify the final positions of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/09544062241258078
Dharam Singh, Vikash Kumar
Solar energy as prime energy source draws attention of world due to its availability and eco-friendliness. Low performance of solar air heater create curiosity for researchers to increase its performance. To enhance performance of solar air heater active and passive techniques used by researcher. Surface modification is one of the most prominent passive techniques to improve the performance. Present experimental and numerical investigation explore thermal characteristics of two-sided curvilinear rib roughened solar air heater. An indoor experiment was performed on two side curvilinear rib roughened absorber plate having constant heat flux of 1000 W/m2. Parallelly 2-dimensional numerical simulation was also performed to explore flow behavior and to complete investigation within optimum cost. ANSYS Fluent 2021.R was used for performing this simulation with K-ε RNG model with enhanced wall treatment. Velocity inlet and pressure outlet was selected as boundary condition. Main roughness and flow parameters were relative roughness height ( e/ D h = 0.21–0.042), relative roughness pitch ( p/ e = 7.14–35.71), and Reynolds number ( Re = 3800–18,000). Maximum value of Nusselt number improvement ratio and friction factor improvement ratio was 3.17 and 3.26 at roughness and flow parameter of ( e/ D h = 0.042, p/ e = 15, Re = 15,000) and ( e/ D h = 0.042, p/ e = 7.14, Re = 3800) respectively. Thermohydraulic performance parameter achieved its maximum value of 2.77 at e/ D h = 0.042, p/ e = 17.85, and Re = 18,000.
太阳能作为主要能源，因其可用性和生态友好性而备受世界关注。太阳能空气加热器的低性能使研究人员对提高其性能产生了好奇。为了提高太阳能空气加热器的性能，研究人员采用了主动和被动技术。表面改性是提高性能的最重要的被动技术之一。本实验和数值研究探讨了双面曲线肋条粗化太阳能空气加热器的热特性。在热通量恒定为 1000 W/m2 的双面曲线肋条粗化吸收板上进行了室内实验。同时还进行了二维数值模拟，以探索流动行为，并以最佳成本完成研究。ANSYS Fluent 2021.R 用于执行该模拟，采用 K-ε RNG 模型并增强了壁面处理。选择速度入口和压力出口作为边界条件。主要粗糙度和流动参数为相对粗糙度高度（e/ D h = 0.21-0.042）、相对粗糙度间距（p/ e = 7.14-35.71）和雷诺数（Re = 3800-18,000）。当粗糙度和流动参数分别为 ( e/ D h = 0.042, p/ e = 15, Re = 15,000) 和 ( e/ D h = 0.042, p/ e = 7.14, Re = 3800) 时，努塞尔特数改进率和摩擦因数改进率的最大值分别为 3.17 和 3.26。热液压性能参数在 e/ D h = 0.042、p/ e = 17.85 和 Re = 18,000 时达到最大值 2.77。
{"title":"Performance enhancement of solar air heater with two-sided curvilinear transverse rib: Experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"Dharam Singh, Vikash Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09544062241258078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241258078","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy as prime energy source draws attention of world due to its availability and eco-friendliness. Low performance of solar air heater create curiosity for researchers to increase its performance. To enhance performance of solar air heater active and passive techniques used by researcher. Surface modification is one of the most prominent passive techniques to improve the performance. Present experimental and numerical investigation explore thermal characteristics of two-sided curvilinear rib roughened solar air heater. An indoor experiment was performed on two side curvilinear rib roughened absorber plate having constant heat flux of 1000 W/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. Parallelly 2-dimensional numerical simulation was also performed to explore flow behavior and to complete investigation within optimum cost. ANSYS Fluent 2021.R was used for performing this simulation with K-ε RNG model with enhanced wall treatment. Velocity inlet and pressure outlet was selected as boundary condition. Main roughness and flow parameters were relative roughness height ( e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.21–0.042), relative roughness pitch ( p/ e = 7.14–35.71), and Reynolds number ( Re = 3800–18,000). Maximum value of Nusselt number improvement ratio and friction factor improvement ratio was 3.17 and 3.26 at roughness and flow parameter of ( e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.042, p/ e = 15, Re = 15,000) and ( e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.042, p/ e = 7.14, Re = 3800) respectively. Thermohydraulic performance parameter achieved its maximum value of 2.77 at e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.042, p/ e = 17.85, and Re = 18,000.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/09544062241262962
José Luís Torres Alves Pereira, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes Campilho, Francisco José Gomes da Silva
Die casting processes are nowadays widely used in the industry and differentiate from metal casting from the high-speed and pressure applied to inject the metal into the cavity. Due to this procedure, the produced parts manage to acquire better mechanical characteristics, dimensional precision, and smaller roughness. Due to the automation possibility, and mould coating possibilities, the process becomes cost competitive at significant production rates. However, to assure proper functioning and extended life of die casting equipment, it is necessary to continuously control the process variables, undertake maintenance, and implement process improvement actions to the production lines. The objective of the present work is to improve the efficiency of a Zamak die cast injection line for cable terminals used in Bowden or control cables for the automotive industry. By reducing wear and number of failures of standard components in this production line, and thus by diminishing the stoppage and replacement costs, it becomes possible to improve the current process. By applying specific improvements to the injection subset, heating element, and pump, including geometry modifications to the injection elements and respective interactions, heat treatments, higher power resistor, and groove/ring system in the pumps’ piston, a significant process improvement was accomplished by the proposed and tested modifications, leading to reduction of failures and operational costs, and consequently higher competitiveness of the process.
{"title":"Process improvement in Zamak injection machines for automotive component fabrication","authors":"José Luís Torres Alves Pereira, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes Campilho, Francisco José Gomes da Silva","doi":"10.1177/09544062241262962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241262962","url":null,"abstract":"Die casting processes are nowadays widely used in the industry and differentiate from metal casting from the high-speed and pressure applied to inject the metal into the cavity. Due to this procedure, the produced parts manage to acquire better mechanical characteristics, dimensional precision, and smaller roughness. Due to the automation possibility, and mould coating possibilities, the process becomes cost competitive at significant production rates. However, to assure proper functioning and extended life of die casting equipment, it is necessary to continuously control the process variables, undertake maintenance, and implement process improvement actions to the production lines. The objective of the present work is to improve the efficiency of a Zamak die cast injection line for cable terminals used in Bowden or control cables for the automotive industry. By reducing wear and number of failures of standard components in this production line, and thus by diminishing the stoppage and replacement costs, it becomes possible to improve the current process. By applying specific improvements to the injection subset, heating element, and pump, including geometry modifications to the injection elements and respective interactions, heat treatments, higher power resistor, and groove/ring system in the pumps’ piston, a significant process improvement was accomplished by the proposed and tested modifications, leading to reduction of failures and operational costs, and consequently higher competitiveness of the process.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/09544062241259609
Xiaoyu Che, Rupeng Zhu
The internal and external rotor shafts are important components to transfer power in coaxial helicopters, and bearing supports could affect the dynamic behavior of the transmission system. In order to explore the influence of bearing support structure, bearing position and support stiffness on the dynamic behavior of the output stage of coaxial helicopter transmission (CHT) system based on the cylindrical gear meshing, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is established under cantilever-cantilever support structure and cantilever-simple support structure considering the flexibility of rotor shaft based on Timoshenko beam theory, and time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS), comprehensive meshing error are also considered. Newmark-beta numerical method was applied to calculate the dynamic response. The result indicates that the load sharing performance of gear pair using cantilever-simple support structure is better than that of cantilever-cantilever structure, but the maximum vibration displacement of bull gears is reduced apparently. Simultaneously, the bearing positions and stiffness can be adjusted to achieve better performance in load distribution and maximum vibration displacement of bull gears.
{"title":"Study on the effect of bearing position and stiffness on the dynamic behavior of output stage of CHT system based on the cylindrical gear meshing","authors":"Xiaoyu Che, Rupeng Zhu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241259609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241259609","url":null,"abstract":"The internal and external rotor shafts are important components to transfer power in coaxial helicopters, and bearing supports could affect the dynamic behavior of the transmission system. In order to explore the influence of bearing support structure, bearing position and support stiffness on the dynamic behavior of the output stage of coaxial helicopter transmission (CHT) system based on the cylindrical gear meshing, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is established under cantilever-cantilever support structure and cantilever-simple support structure considering the flexibility of rotor shaft based on Timoshenko beam theory, and time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS), comprehensive meshing error are also considered. Newmark-beta numerical method was applied to calculate the dynamic response. The result indicates that the load sharing performance of gear pair using cantilever-simple support structure is better than that of cantilever-cantilever structure, but the maximum vibration displacement of bull gears is reduced apparently. Simultaneously, the bearing positions and stiffness can be adjusted to achieve better performance in load distribution and maximum vibration displacement of bull gears.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/09544062241258908
Xincheng Wang, Huaming Wang, Luyang Li, Linbo Hao
This study aims to accurately predict the nonlinear characteristics of transmission efficiency of cycloid reducers under different operating conditions. Firstly, equivalent modeling of the multi-source errors (MSEs) in the designed cycloid reducer is conducted. Force analysis algorithms considering MSEs are proposed for the cycloid drive mechanism, the output mechanism, and the bearings. Secondly, mathematical models are established for the load-dependent power losses, while an equivalent test is used for modeling load-independent power losses. Subsequently, an improved transmission efficiency prediction (TEP) method for cycloid reducers is proposed, which is then applied to the performance prediction of a prototype under different operating conditions. The advantages of the improved TEP method over the conventional method are discussed, and the influences of MSEs and load-independent power losses on the nonlinear characteristics of transmission efficiency are summarized. Finally, tests are conducted for the reducer prototype, and the test results are found to be in good agreement with the results obtained by the proposed TEP method. The main contribution of this study is to establish a solid algorithmic and modeling foundation for the optimal design of nonlinear transmission efficiency in cycloid reducers and provide reliable guidance for their engineering applications.
本研究旨在准确预测摆线针轮减速器在不同工作条件下传动效率的非线性特性。首先，对所设计的摆线针轮减速器中的多源误差（MSE）进行了等效建模。针对摆线针轮传动机构、输出机构和轴承提出了考虑 MSE 的受力分析算法。其次，建立了与负载相关的功率损耗数学模型，并使用等效测试对与负载无关的功率损耗进行建模。随后，提出了一种改进的摆线针轮减速机传动效率预测（TEP）方法，并将其应用于不同工作条件下的原型机性能预测。讨论了改进的 TEP 方法相对于传统方法的优势，并总结了 MSE 和与负载无关的功率损耗对传输效率非线性特性的影响。最后，对减速器原型进行了测试，发现测试结果与所提出的 TEP 方法得出的结果十分吻合。本研究的主要贡献在于为摆线针轮减速器非线性传动效率的优化设计奠定了坚实的算法和建模基础，并为其工程应用提供了可靠的指导。
{"title":"An improved transmission efficiency prediction method for nonlinear characteristics of the cycloid reducer","authors":"Xincheng Wang, Huaming Wang, Luyang Li, Linbo Hao","doi":"10.1177/09544062241258908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241258908","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to accurately predict the nonlinear characteristics of transmission efficiency of cycloid reducers under different operating conditions. Firstly, equivalent modeling of the multi-source errors (MSEs) in the designed cycloid reducer is conducted. Force analysis algorithms considering MSEs are proposed for the cycloid drive mechanism, the output mechanism, and the bearings. Secondly, mathematical models are established for the load-dependent power losses, while an equivalent test is used for modeling load-independent power losses. Subsequently, an improved transmission efficiency prediction (TEP) method for cycloid reducers is proposed, which is then applied to the performance prediction of a prototype under different operating conditions. The advantages of the improved TEP method over the conventional method are discussed, and the influences of MSEs and load-independent power losses on the nonlinear characteristics of transmission efficiency are summarized. Finally, tests are conducted for the reducer prototype, and the test results are found to be in good agreement with the results obtained by the proposed TEP method. The main contribution of this study is to establish a solid algorithmic and modeling foundation for the optimal design of nonlinear transmission efficiency in cycloid reducers and provide reliable guidance for their engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/09544062241259610
Lan Zhang, Guoqiang Zhang, Jing Wen, Feihong Yun, Ming Liu
It’s important to improve the sealing performance of the inner packer in deepwater pipelines, which is an emergency sealing and oil control equipment. The deformation characteristics and sealing stress conditions of the packer’s sealant cylinder are analyzed, and the hyperelastic constitutive model is determined based on uniaxial tensile experiments. The effective contact stress and effective contact range between the rubber cylinder and the pipe wall are the main parameters for evaluating the sealing performance. Through simulation, it was found that the rubber cylinder on the force application side plays a major sealing role, and severe stress can lead to shoulder protrusions. The location of fatigue damage on the rubber cylinder’s shoulder is consistent with the sea trial. Therefore, special-shaped rubber cylinders with different structures are designed to address the shoulder protrusion. The simulation shows that the sealing performance of the right-angled trapezoidal double-layer rubber cylinder with force applied on the slope side(S-RARC) is significantly better than the original rubber cylinder(ORC), and it does not produce shoulder protrusions.
{"title":"Establishment of constitutive model and simulation study on sealing performance of special-shaped rubber cylinder for inner packer in deepwater pipeline","authors":"Lan Zhang, Guoqiang Zhang, Jing Wen, Feihong Yun, Ming Liu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241259610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241259610","url":null,"abstract":"It’s important to improve the sealing performance of the inner packer in deepwater pipelines, which is an emergency sealing and oil control equipment. The deformation characteristics and sealing stress conditions of the packer’s sealant cylinder are analyzed, and the hyperelastic constitutive model is determined based on uniaxial tensile experiments. The effective contact stress and effective contact range between the rubber cylinder and the pipe wall are the main parameters for evaluating the sealing performance. Through simulation, it was found that the rubber cylinder on the force application side plays a major sealing role, and severe stress can lead to shoulder protrusions. The location of fatigue damage on the rubber cylinder’s shoulder is consistent with the sea trial. Therefore, special-shaped rubber cylinders with different structures are designed to address the shoulder protrusion. The simulation shows that the sealing performance of the right-angled trapezoidal double-layer rubber cylinder with force applied on the slope side(S-RARC) is significantly better than the original rubber cylinder(ORC), and it does not produce shoulder protrusions.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/09544062241261546
Shi Shengnan, Wang Hongyu, Li Yuanyuan, Sun Juncai, Huang Naibao, Sun Jie, Zhang Shunhu
As one of the lightest metals in the world, magnesium alloy can be used to reduce weight and save energy. Magnesium alloy tubes with different shapes can also further direct the transportation of fluid in this light weight. But the tee joint tube is difficult formed because of the complex shapes. In this paper, magnesium alloy tube is applied to form tee joint tube with sand mandrel. During the deformation, the magnesium alloy tube is driven by the sand mandrel pressed by the push. Different from traditional extruding with full tubes without hole on the sidewall, some tube with holes on the sidewalls are also used in the extrusion. All the key parameters such as extrusion depth, temperature, tube length, hole size, and hole location are discussed in both simulations and experiments. After the extrusion results are obtained, the microhardness and microstructures are observed to explain the promotion of the mechanical properties. Based on the results received from both simulations and experiments, deeper extrusion depth, higher temperature, shorter length of tube, larger size of the hole, and the higher location of the hole influence positively on forming results. No matter there are holes or not on the sidewalls, the errors between the results in simulation and experiment are small. Also the simulation and experiment results can be used to investigate the shape of tee joint tubes. The surface quality can be also measured to prove the surfaces in extrusion with sand mandrel acceptable. A novel strategy to sand mandrel extrusion of magnesium alloy tee joint tube by tube with holes on sidewall is provided.
{"title":"Research on AZ31 magnesium alloy tee joint tube with lateral hole by hot extrusion forming with sand mandrel limited by stainless steel gasket","authors":"Shi Shengnan, Wang Hongyu, Li Yuanyuan, Sun Juncai, Huang Naibao, Sun Jie, Zhang Shunhu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241261546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241261546","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the lightest metals in the world, magnesium alloy can be used to reduce weight and save energy. Magnesium alloy tubes with different shapes can also further direct the transportation of fluid in this light weight. But the tee joint tube is difficult formed because of the complex shapes. In this paper, magnesium alloy tube is applied to form tee joint tube with sand mandrel. During the deformation, the magnesium alloy tube is driven by the sand mandrel pressed by the push. Different from traditional extruding with full tubes without hole on the sidewall, some tube with holes on the sidewalls are also used in the extrusion. All the key parameters such as extrusion depth, temperature, tube length, hole size, and hole location are discussed in both simulations and experiments. After the extrusion results are obtained, the microhardness and microstructures are observed to explain the promotion of the mechanical properties. Based on the results received from both simulations and experiments, deeper extrusion depth, higher temperature, shorter length of tube, larger size of the hole, and the higher location of the hole influence positively on forming results. No matter there are holes or not on the sidewalls, the errors between the results in simulation and experiment are small. Also the simulation and experiment results can be used to investigate the shape of tee joint tubes. The surface quality can be also measured to prove the surfaces in extrusion with sand mandrel acceptable. A novel strategy to sand mandrel extrusion of magnesium alloy tee joint tube by tube with holes on sidewall is provided.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1177/09544062241257088
Rahul Chandra Pradhan, Diptikanta Das, Barada Prasanna Sahoo, Chandrika Samal
This paper accentuates powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) performance of a newly designed nano-TiB2 and AlN grafted multiwall carbon nano-tube (MWCNT) hybridized Al 7075 matrix ternary composite. The hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC) was fabricated through squeeze casting route, preceded by two-stage reinforcement addition, mechanical agitation, and ultrasonic treatment. EDM was carried out using cryogenic treated Cu electrode and Al2O3 particle-mixed dielectric medium. Influence of EDM process variables, that is, peak current ( I P), pulse-on time ( T ON), and powder concentration ( P C) on machinability of the hybrid MMC was studied considering material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and average surface roughness ( Ra) as quality indicators. Effects of machining and Al2O3 particle addition on surface morphology of the hybrid MMC were also explored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping. Results reveal elevation of MRR, reduction of TWR and improvement of surface finish during powder-mixed EDM in comparison to the non-mixed (conventional) EDM. Maximum traces of Al2O3 particle deposition was identified on the machined surfaces while using the powder concentration of 1.5 g/l within the dielectric.
{"title":"Machinability investigation and surface modification of nano-TiB2 and AlN grafted MWCNT hybridized Al 7075 matrix ternary composite through powder-mixed EDM","authors":"Rahul Chandra Pradhan, Diptikanta Das, Barada Prasanna Sahoo, Chandrika Samal","doi":"10.1177/09544062241257088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241257088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper accentuates powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) performance of a newly designed nano-TiB<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and AlN grafted multiwall carbon nano-tube (MWCNT) hybridized Al 7075 matrix ternary composite. The hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC) was fabricated through squeeze casting route, preceded by two-stage reinforcement addition, mechanical agitation, and ultrasonic treatment. EDM was carried out using cryogenic treated Cu electrode and Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particle-mixed dielectric medium. Influence of EDM process variables, that is, peak current ( I<jats:sub> P</jats:sub>), pulse-on time ( T<jats:sub> ON</jats:sub>), and powder concentration ( P<jats:sub> C</jats:sub>) on machinability of the hybrid MMC was studied considering material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and average surface roughness ( Ra) as quality indicators. Effects of machining and Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particle addition on surface morphology of the hybrid MMC were also explored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping. Results reveal elevation of MRR, reduction of TWR and improvement of surface finish during powder-mixed EDM in comparison to the non-mixed (conventional) EDM. Maximum traces of Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particle deposition was identified on the machined surfaces while using the powder concentration of 1.5 g/l within the dielectric.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1177/09544062241256500
Peng Zhang, Zhiyuan Jiang, Xianzhen Huang, Yuping Wang, Zhiming Rong
During the operation of the gearless wind turbine, the phenomenon of heat generation in the main shaft bearing is inevitable and further affects the assembly preload. It is crucial to determine the effect of the thermal error on bearing assembly preload. In this paper, a reliability analysis method for main shaft bearing is proposed. Firstly, a finite element model for the thermal analysis of wind turbines is established based on heat transfer theory, and the thermal error of the preload is calculated. Subsequently, a reliability analysis of the main shaft bearing is conducted through Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation (QMCS) considering the influence of uncertainty factors. To further improve the computational efficiency, a surrogate model based on stochastic configuration network (SCN) is established to analyze the reliability and sensitivity of the bearing. Finally, the numerical example shows that the proposed model has high accuracy and applicability.
{"title":"Thermal error prediction and reliability analysis of the main shaft bearing at wind turbines","authors":"Peng Zhang, Zhiyuan Jiang, Xianzhen Huang, Yuping Wang, Zhiming Rong","doi":"10.1177/09544062241256500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241256500","url":null,"abstract":"During the operation of the gearless wind turbine, the phenomenon of heat generation in the main shaft bearing is inevitable and further affects the assembly preload. It is crucial to determine the effect of the thermal error on bearing assembly preload. In this paper, a reliability analysis method for main shaft bearing is proposed. Firstly, a finite element model for the thermal analysis of wind turbines is established based on heat transfer theory, and the thermal error of the preload is calculated. Subsequently, a reliability analysis of the main shaft bearing is conducted through Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation (QMCS) considering the influence of uncertainty factors. To further improve the computational efficiency, a surrogate model based on stochastic configuration network (SCN) is established to analyze the reliability and sensitivity of the bearing. Finally, the numerical example shows that the proposed model has high accuracy and applicability.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1177/09544062241256514
Xiaohui Lin, Guoliang Sun, Jiaming Xu, Jiayi Shen
Due to the characteristic of low density and high strength, Aluminum alloy have been applied in various industries. However, poor surface properties, such as wear resistance, are the main reason for limiting its application. In this study, machine hammer peening (MHP) was used for embedding tungsten carbide (WC) particles in near-surface zone of aluminum alloy and the microstructure and wear resistance were investigated. The results show that WC particles can be embedded into aluminum alloy using MHP and WC coatings were generated with large and medium WC particles. The values of surface roughness were increased with increasing of WC particles sizes and XRD analysis indicated that no new compound was found during coating process. The significant increasing of wear resistance of WC coating has been obtained. MHP is a novel technique for obtaining WC coating and improving the tribological performance of aluminum alloy. Furthermore, it offers new possibilities to embedding hard particles in substrates of various materials.
{"title":"Investigation on microstructure and wear resistance of WC coated aluminum alloy using machine hammer peening","authors":"Xiaohui Lin, Guoliang Sun, Jiaming Xu, Jiayi Shen","doi":"10.1177/09544062241256514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241256514","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the characteristic of low density and high strength, Aluminum alloy have been applied in various industries. However, poor surface properties, such as wear resistance, are the main reason for limiting its application. In this study, machine hammer peening (MHP) was used for embedding tungsten carbide (WC) particles in near-surface zone of aluminum alloy and the microstructure and wear resistance were investigated. The results show that WC particles can be embedded into aluminum alloy using MHP and WC coatings were generated with large and medium WC particles. The values of surface roughness were increased with increasing of WC particles sizes and XRD analysis indicated that no new compound was found during coating process. The significant increasing of wear resistance of WC coating has been obtained. MHP is a novel technique for obtaining WC coating and improving the tribological performance of aluminum alloy. Furthermore, it offers new possibilities to embedding hard particles in substrates of various materials.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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