Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1177/09544062241272439
Chunyan Kong, Mingkun Yang, Yangyang Jin, Yang Li, Zhang Junfu
In order to improve wear resistance and rock breaking efficiency of single-roller bit, a new type of bit, single-roller PDC compound bit is designed. The mechanical model of interaction between PDC teeth and rock of single-roller PDC compound bit is established, and the theoretical calculation formula of resultant force and torque generated by interaction between PDC teeth and rock on cone and bit is obtained. The rock-breaking experiment on the single-roller PDC compound bit are carried out. The results show that with the increase of front inclination angle, the axial force and radial force of PDC teeth decrease greatly at first and then tend to be stable, while the tangential force of PDC teeth decreases at first and then increases slightly; the axial force, radial force and tangential force all increase with the increase of the cutting depth; the maximum values of the three forces all appear at the position of the combined effect of the maximum cutting depth and the minimum front inclination angle. The maximum value of moment [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] both appear at the minimum value of h C and δ, while the maximum value of moment [Formula: see text] appears at the minimum value of δ. In order to reduce the acting moment generated by PDC cutter on the roller, the PDC cutter at different position heights can be designed with different front inclination angles. The rock breaking experiment results show that compared with the common single-roller bit, the single-roller PDC compound bit has higher rock breaking efficiency and better development prospect. When drilling in hard limestone, the single-roller PDC compound bit is more energy-efficient under higher WOB.
{"title":"Research and analysis of rock breaking mechanical model of single-roller PDC compound bit","authors":"Chunyan Kong, Mingkun Yang, Yangyang Jin, Yang Li, Zhang Junfu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241272439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241272439","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve wear resistance and rock breaking efficiency of single-roller bit, a new type of bit, single-roller PDC compound bit is designed. The mechanical model of interaction between PDC teeth and rock of single-roller PDC compound bit is established, and the theoretical calculation formula of resultant force and torque generated by interaction between PDC teeth and rock on cone and bit is obtained. The rock-breaking experiment on the single-roller PDC compound bit are carried out. The results show that with the increase of front inclination angle, the axial force and radial force of PDC teeth decrease greatly at first and then tend to be stable, while the tangential force of PDC teeth decreases at first and then increases slightly; the axial force, radial force and tangential force all increase with the increase of the cutting depth; the maximum values of the three forces all appear at the position of the combined effect of the maximum cutting depth and the minimum front inclination angle. The maximum value of moment [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] both appear at the minimum value of h<jats:sub> C</jats:sub> and δ, while the maximum value of moment [Formula: see text] appears at the minimum value of δ. In order to reduce the acting moment generated by PDC cutter on the roller, the PDC cutter at different position heights can be designed with different front inclination angles. The rock breaking experiment results show that compared with the common single-roller bit, the single-roller PDC compound bit has higher rock breaking efficiency and better development prospect. When drilling in hard limestone, the single-roller PDC compound bit is more energy-efficient under higher WOB.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241274704
Ming Han, Wangwang Lian, Jianming Liu, Dong Yang, Tiejun Li
To address the demands for precision and load-bearing capacity in the installation of building panels, a hybrid force-position driven robot with redundant actuation has been developed. The mechanical performance of this robot is primarily governed by its central parallel mechanism, which is equipped with redundant actuators matching the degrees of freedom. Non-redundant and redundant actuators are respectively responsible for position and force control. The inclusion of redundant force-driven joints has increased the internal coupling within the mechanism. To enhance the coordination between position and force control, a hybrid synchronized control method based on cross-coupling has been proposed. Initially, kinematic and dynamic models of the parallel structure were established. Under predefined trajectories, the theoretical inputs for each actuator were calculated using inverse kinematics and dynamics. Subsequently, employing the principle of cross-coupling, the torque output from the position actuators was used as feedback. This feedback was processed by a synchronized coordination controller to adjust the output force of the redundant force-driven joints. By adjusting the output force of the redundant actuators, the torque burden on the position actuators was effectively reduced, thereby enhancing the precision of position control. Additionally, under the same load conditions, smaller power actuators could be utilized for position control, reducing the overall weight of the robot and improving its load-to-weight ratio. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a robotic simulation environment was established. The simulation results demonstrated significant reductions in the average torque required by the position actuators across three different trajectories, with reductions of 91.43%, 54.56%, and 80.6% respectively. Finally, the load-bearing capacity and the load-to-weight ratio of the prototype were assessed. Experimental results confirmed that the prototype achieved a load-to-weight ratio of 15.83%, validating the effectiveness of the hybrid synchronized control method based on cross-coupling.
{"title":"Hybrid force-position coordinated control of a parallel mechanism with the number of redundant actuators equal to its DOF","authors":"Ming Han, Wangwang Lian, Jianming Liu, Dong Yang, Tiejun Li","doi":"10.1177/09544062241274704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241274704","url":null,"abstract":"To address the demands for precision and load-bearing capacity in the installation of building panels, a hybrid force-position driven robot with redundant actuation has been developed. The mechanical performance of this robot is primarily governed by its central parallel mechanism, which is equipped with redundant actuators matching the degrees of freedom. Non-redundant and redundant actuators are respectively responsible for position and force control. The inclusion of redundant force-driven joints has increased the internal coupling within the mechanism. To enhance the coordination between position and force control, a hybrid synchronized control method based on cross-coupling has been proposed. Initially, kinematic and dynamic models of the parallel structure were established. Under predefined trajectories, the theoretical inputs for each actuator were calculated using inverse kinematics and dynamics. Subsequently, employing the principle of cross-coupling, the torque output from the position actuators was used as feedback. This feedback was processed by a synchronized coordination controller to adjust the output force of the redundant force-driven joints. By adjusting the output force of the redundant actuators, the torque burden on the position actuators was effectively reduced, thereby enhancing the precision of position control. Additionally, under the same load conditions, smaller power actuators could be utilized for position control, reducing the overall weight of the robot and improving its load-to-weight ratio. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a robotic simulation environment was established. The simulation results demonstrated significant reductions in the average torque required by the position actuators across three different trajectories, with reductions of 91.43%, 54.56%, and 80.6% respectively. Finally, the load-bearing capacity and the load-to-weight ratio of the prototype were assessed. Experimental results confirmed that the prototype achieved a load-to-weight ratio of 15.83%, validating the effectiveness of the hybrid synchronized control method based on cross-coupling.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241271626
Wenbin Hou, Zhihua Xiong, Ming Yue, Hao Chen
Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly (HRCA) offers a novel solution to improve manual-based assembly manufacturing processes. However, the existing HRCA task planning approaches are limited in several aspects, such as inability to be applied effectively to mobile cobots with diverse workspaces and varying skill sets, as well as struggle in meeting the requirements of complex task structures and high-dimensional state spaces. In this paper, an interactive HRCA task planning framework based on finite Markov Decision Process (MDP) is presented, formalizing the Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem. To leverage the mobile and operational advantages of mobile cobots, a Multi-Attribute Hierarchical Task Network (MA-HTN) that enables efficient task decomposition and attribute representation is introduced. Additionally, considering state changes during assembly processes and utilizing Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for handling high-dimensional decision problems, a universal DRL solving environment executed within unit time is constructed. This solving environment is based on a four-channel state diagram capable of reflecting high-dimensional state information that can be directly converted into digital tensor input for neural networks. Furthermore, to address frequent episode restarts in Deep Q-Network (DQN) algorithm and optimize task completion duration, a revival mechanism along with its enhanced algorithm are proposed. Finally, through an automobile fender bracket assembly scenario and an additional case study, the effectiveness of proposed method under varying numbers of tasks and work units is validated.
{"title":"Human-robot collaborative assembly task planning for mobile cobots based on deep reinforcement learning","authors":"Wenbin Hou, Zhihua Xiong, Ming Yue, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1177/09544062241271626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241271626","url":null,"abstract":"Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly (HRCA) offers a novel solution to improve manual-based assembly manufacturing processes. However, the existing HRCA task planning approaches are limited in several aspects, such as inability to be applied effectively to mobile cobots with diverse workspaces and varying skill sets, as well as struggle in meeting the requirements of complex task structures and high-dimensional state spaces. In this paper, an interactive HRCA task planning framework based on finite Markov Decision Process (MDP) is presented, formalizing the Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem. To leverage the mobile and operational advantages of mobile cobots, a Multi-Attribute Hierarchical Task Network (MA-HTN) that enables efficient task decomposition and attribute representation is introduced. Additionally, considering state changes during assembly processes and utilizing Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for handling high-dimensional decision problems, a universal DRL solving environment executed within unit time is constructed. This solving environment is based on a four-channel state diagram capable of reflecting high-dimensional state information that can be directly converted into digital tensor input for neural networks. Furthermore, to address frequent episode restarts in Deep Q-Network (DQN) algorithm and optimize task completion duration, a revival mechanism along with its enhanced algorithm are proposed. Finally, through an automobile fender bracket assembly scenario and an additional case study, the effectiveness of proposed method under varying numbers of tasks and work units is validated.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241271743
Manoj Kumar Diwaker, Arvind Kumar
The objective of this research is to explore the characteristics of the mean Nusselt number, friction factor, and enhancement efficiency in a double pipe heat exchanger. The emphasis lies in using short twisted tapes featuring round holes and a V-shaped cut. To conduct the experiment, an IoT-based DPHE setup was employed. In the experiment, various twisted tape configurations were examined to investigate their impact on heat transfer and pressure loss. These configurations included a full-length twisted tape and three short-length tapes with different perforation diameters. The full-length tape, with a twist ratio of x/ b = 4, spanned throughout length of the tube. In contrast, the plain short-length tape and modified short-length tapes, with the same twist ratio, were inserted in the section’s entrance. The shorter inserts, with a length ratio (LR = ls/lf) of 0.50, were compared to the full-length tape. The experimental findings demonstrated that the short-length tapes with LR = 0.50 consistently exhibited lower thermohydraulic performance compared to full-length inserts. Specifically, within the Re range of 4000–24,000, Nusselt numbers and friction factors for the short inserts were approximately 11%, 9.1%, and 6.1% lower, and 20.6%, 16.1%, and 11.2% lower, respectively, compared to the full-length inserts.
本研究的目的是探索双管热交换器中平均努塞尔特数、摩擦因数和增强效率的特征。重点在于使用具有圆孔和 V 形切口的短扭曲带。实验采用了基于物联网的 DPHE 设置。在实验中，对各种扭曲带配置进行了检查，以研究它们对传热和压力损失的影响。这些配置包括一个全长扭曲带和三个具有不同穿孔直径的短长带。全长胶带的扭曲比为 x/ b = 4，横跨整个管道长度。相比之下，具有相同扭曲比的普通短胶带和改良短胶带则插入管段的入口处。长度比（LR = ls/lf）为 0.50 的较短插入物与全长胶带进行了比较。实验结果表明，与全长插入带相比，长度比为 LR = 0.50 的短带始终表现出较低的热液压性能。具体来说，在 4000-24000 Re 范围内，与全长插入带相比，短插入带的努塞尔特数和摩擦因数分别降低了约 11%、9.1% 和 6.1%，以及 20.6%、16.1% 和 11.2%。
{"title":"Investigations of the effect of circular perforations and V-cut on SLTT in DPHE: An experimental analysis using IoT approach","authors":"Manoj Kumar Diwaker, Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09544062241271743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241271743","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to explore the characteristics of the mean Nusselt number, friction factor, and enhancement efficiency in a double pipe heat exchanger. The emphasis lies in using short twisted tapes featuring round holes and a V-shaped cut. To conduct the experiment, an IoT-based DPHE setup was employed. In the experiment, various twisted tape configurations were examined to investigate their impact on heat transfer and pressure loss. These configurations included a full-length twisted tape and three short-length tapes with different perforation diameters. The full-length tape, with a twist ratio of x/ b = 4, spanned throughout length of the tube. In contrast, the plain short-length tape and modified short-length tapes, with the same twist ratio, were inserted in the section’s entrance. The shorter inserts, with a length ratio (LR = ls/lf) of 0.50, were compared to the full-length tape. The experimental findings demonstrated that the short-length tapes with LR = 0.50 consistently exhibited lower thermohydraulic performance compared to full-length inserts. Specifically, within the Re range of 4000–24,000, Nusselt numbers and friction factors for the short inserts were approximately 11%, 9.1%, and 6.1% lower, and 20.6%, 16.1%, and 11.2% lower, respectively, compared to the full-length inserts.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241272431
Yujia Li, Xiao Huang
Globally, pipelines are the primary means for transporting resources. To ensure the safety and reliability of pipeline transportation, it is essential to regularly use pipeline robots for inspections. Localization techniques for these robots are critical as they determine the real-time position and status of the robot inside the pipeline, playing an extremely important role in pipeline operations. Understanding the latest research trends in pipeline robot localization techniques can help advance the overall development of the pipeline field and reduce the potential for research duplication. This paper reviews the global developments in pipeline robot localization techniques over the past decade, categorizing them into three major methods: in-pipe localization, out-of-pipe localization and multi-source information fusion localization. It analyzes the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of eight major localization techniques for pipeline robots, identifies the current limitations and solutions in these technologies, discusses the field test analysis and practical design factors, and anticipates the open research challenges and future prospects of this field.
{"title":"Oil and gas pipeline robot localization techniques: A review","authors":"Yujia Li, Xiao Huang","doi":"10.1177/09544062241272431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241272431","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, pipelines are the primary means for transporting resources. To ensure the safety and reliability of pipeline transportation, it is essential to regularly use pipeline robots for inspections. Localization techniques for these robots are critical as they determine the real-time position and status of the robot inside the pipeline, playing an extremely important role in pipeline operations. Understanding the latest research trends in pipeline robot localization techniques can help advance the overall development of the pipeline field and reduce the potential for research duplication. This paper reviews the global developments in pipeline robot localization techniques over the past decade, categorizing them into three major methods: in-pipe localization, out-of-pipe localization and multi-source information fusion localization. It analyzes the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of eight major localization techniques for pipeline robots, identifies the current limitations and solutions in these technologies, discusses the field test analysis and practical design factors, and anticipates the open research challenges and future prospects of this field.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241272433
Xiaokang Yang, Bo Niu, Kui He, Yahui Liu, Ruijie Xie, Bingke Xu
Our previous research experimentally validated that the interaction between vortex-induced vibration and galloping is an effective method for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric wind energy harvesters under low wind speed conditions. We proposed a distributed-parameter electromechanical coupling model as well. This study aims to investigate the effects of various parameters and optimize the performance of VIV-galloping interactive piezoelectric wind energy harvesters. Initially, we assessed the applicability of the model under different circuit and aerodynamic force conditions and discussed boundary and convergence conditions by replicating previous results. Further, simulations were performed to analyze the effects of the structural parameters of the bluff body and piezoelectric beam. The width or depth of the bluff body significantly influenced the low critical wind speed, interactive occurrence, and electrical output. To achieve a balance between material cost and electrical benefit, we recommend positioning the electrode length from the fixed end with a coverage ratio of at least 60%. Additionally, the output power is highly sensitive to the piezoelectric beam length, but reducing it results in a higher natural frequency and critical wind speed. We fabricated and tested four prototypes, which have demonstrated significantly higher power densities compared with previously reported values at the same wind speed.
{"title":"Parameter effects on performance of piezoelectric wind energy harvesters based on the interaction between vortex-induced vibration and galloping","authors":"Xiaokang Yang, Bo Niu, Kui He, Yahui Liu, Ruijie Xie, Bingke Xu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241272433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241272433","url":null,"abstract":"Our previous research experimentally validated that the interaction between vortex-induced vibration and galloping is an effective method for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric wind energy harvesters under low wind speed conditions. We proposed a distributed-parameter electromechanical coupling model as well. This study aims to investigate the effects of various parameters and optimize the performance of VIV-galloping interactive piezoelectric wind energy harvesters. Initially, we assessed the applicability of the model under different circuit and aerodynamic force conditions and discussed boundary and convergence conditions by replicating previous results. Further, simulations were performed to analyze the effects of the structural parameters of the bluff body and piezoelectric beam. The width or depth of the bluff body significantly influenced the low critical wind speed, interactive occurrence, and electrical output. To achieve a balance between material cost and electrical benefit, we recommend positioning the electrode length from the fixed end with a coverage ratio of at least 60%. Additionally, the output power is highly sensitive to the piezoelectric beam length, but reducing it results in a higher natural frequency and critical wind speed. We fabricated and tested four prototypes, which have demonstrated significantly higher power densities compared with previously reported values at the same wind speed.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241278127
NG Siddesh Kumar, R Suresh, C Durga Prasad, L Shivaramu, NH Siddalingswamy
In this article, Aluminum (Al2219) as a matrix, and particles of n-B4C and MoS2 were chosen as reinforcements. By means of the stir casting technique, the unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites were prepared. The turning experiment was done through CCD design of experiment with TiN coated carbide insert using a Computer Numerically Controlled Lathe. Also, for turned inserts tool wear measurement was done using a Mitutoyo profile projector with digital readout. By ANOVA the significant contribution for tool wear of each parameter can be identified and the confirmation test is performed in sort to validate the tool wear results. Furthermore, the formation of chips during turning nano MMCs (unhybrid and hybrid) are studied for different feed rates ( f) and cutting speeds ( v) at 0.5 mm constant depth of cut. The outcome showed that both increases in cutting speed and feed rate increase the tool wear. For Al 2219, unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites feed rate is the important factor. The value of tool wear of the Al2219 matrix is minimal and for unhybrid nano composite is maximum. The leading wear mechanism in unhybrid nano composite is abrasion. Moreover, with the addition of 2%MoS2 in the hybrid nanocomposite the tool wears is decreased. The development of Build Up Edge (BUE) was seen on the flank face of the cutting tool for hybrid nanocomposite at 0.5 mm depth of cut, (v = 114.64 m/min) and (f = 0.441 mm/rev). The obtained % error among the modeled and experimental values is <5% and it is well within the limit. The analysis of chip formation was studied for nanocomposites at lower as well as higher feed rates, cutting speeds, and constant depth of cut during turning.
{"title":"Study on tool wears in turning Al2219, unhybrid and hybrid metal matrix nano composites by CCD design of experiment","authors":"NG Siddesh Kumar, R Suresh, C Durga Prasad, L Shivaramu, NH Siddalingswamy","doi":"10.1177/09544062241278127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241278127","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, Aluminum (Al2219) as a matrix, and particles of n-B<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>C and MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> were chosen as reinforcements. By means of the stir casting technique, the unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites were prepared. The turning experiment was done through CCD design of experiment with TiN coated carbide insert using a Computer Numerically Controlled Lathe. Also, for turned inserts tool wear measurement was done using a Mitutoyo profile projector with digital readout. By ANOVA the significant contribution for tool wear of each parameter can be identified and the confirmation test is performed in sort to validate the tool wear results. Furthermore, the formation of chips during turning nano MMCs (unhybrid and hybrid) are studied for different feed rates ( f) and cutting speeds ( v) at 0.5 mm constant depth of cut. The outcome showed that both increases in cutting speed and feed rate increase the tool wear. For Al 2219, unhybrid and hybrid nano metal matrix composites feed rate is the important factor. The value of tool wear of the Al2219 matrix is minimal and for unhybrid nano composite is maximum. The leading wear mechanism in unhybrid nano composite is abrasion. Moreover, with the addition of 2%MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in the hybrid nanocomposite the tool wears is decreased. The development of Build Up Edge (BUE) was seen on the flank face of the cutting tool for hybrid nanocomposite at 0.5 mm depth of cut, (v = 114.64 m/min) and (f = 0.441 mm/rev). The obtained % error among the modeled and experimental values is <5% and it is well within the limit. The analysis of chip formation was studied for nanocomposites at lower as well as higher feed rates, cutting speeds, and constant depth of cut during turning.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241277739
Raj Agarwal, Jaskaran Singh, Vishal Gupta
Bone drilling is a mechanical, thermal coupling process utilized in orthopedics for provision of rigid internal fixation and treatment of fractured bone. Rotary ultrasonic-assisted bone drilling (RUABD) has achieved noteworthy interest in orthopedic practice due to its ability to enhance biomechanical pullout strength. Drilling parameters used during orthopedic surgeries significantly impact the holding power, initial implant stability and pullout strength. It is difficult for surgeons to predict push-out strength at the interface of bone and screw. An intelligent approach could involve utilizing machine learning (ML) to train and test independent drilling parameters, thereby predicting pullout strength and optimizing holding strength. Therefore, the present work focused on leveraging ML models during RUABD to predict pullout strength at the bone-screw interface. The monitoring of various drilling parameters (including insertion angle, feedrate, rotational speed, and ultrasonic amplitude) was conducted. Multiple ML models were employed to forecast the pullout strength at the interface between bone and screw. The SVR-based ML model exhibited the most accurate prediction among all models, with the lowest error metrics observed. ML algorithms can be leveraged for robust prediction of biomechanical pullout strength to upsurge holding strength and avoid screw loosening.
骨钻孔是矫形外科中的一种机械热耦合工艺，用于提供刚性内固定和治疗骨折骨。旋转超声波辅助骨钻孔（RUABD）能够增强生物力学牵拉强度，因此在骨科实践中受到广泛关注。骨科手术中使用的钻孔参数对持力性、初始植入稳定性和拔出强度有很大影响。外科医生很难预测骨与螺钉界面的拔出强度。一种智能方法是利用机器学习（ML）来训练和测试独立的钻孔参数，从而预测拔出强度并优化固定强度。因此，目前的工作重点是在 RUABD 期间利用 ML 模型预测骨-螺钉界面的拔出强度。对各种钻孔参数（包括插入角、进给速度、旋转速度和超声波振幅）进行了监测。采用多种 ML 模型预测骨与螺钉界面的拔出强度。在所有模型中，基于 SVR 的 ML 模型预测最准确，误差指标最小。可以利用 ML 算法对生物力学拔出强度进行稳健预测，以提高固定强度并避免螺钉松动。
{"title":"Application of machine learning in rotary ultrasonic-assisted orthopedic bone drilling: A biomechanical pull out in vitro study","authors":"Raj Agarwal, Jaskaran Singh, Vishal Gupta","doi":"10.1177/09544062241277739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241277739","url":null,"abstract":"Bone drilling is a mechanical, thermal coupling process utilized in orthopedics for provision of rigid internal fixation and treatment of fractured bone. Rotary ultrasonic-assisted bone drilling (RUABD) has achieved noteworthy interest in orthopedic practice due to its ability to enhance biomechanical pullout strength. Drilling parameters used during orthopedic surgeries significantly impact the holding power, initial implant stability and pullout strength. It is difficult for surgeons to predict push-out strength at the interface of bone and screw. An intelligent approach could involve utilizing machine learning (ML) to train and test independent drilling parameters, thereby predicting pullout strength and optimizing holding strength. Therefore, the present work focused on leveraging ML models during RUABD to predict pullout strength at the bone-screw interface. The monitoring of various drilling parameters (including insertion angle, feedrate, rotational speed, and ultrasonic amplitude) was conducted. Multiple ML models were employed to forecast the pullout strength at the interface between bone and screw. The SVR-based ML model exhibited the most accurate prediction among all models, with the lowest error metrics observed. ML algorithms can be leveraged for robust prediction of biomechanical pullout strength to upsurge holding strength and avoid screw loosening.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new method to manufacture thermoplastic composite parts has been used to produce anisogrid lattice structures. Filament gun deposition consists of a hot-melt gun loaded with narrow thermoplastic prepreg tapes. Anisogrid lattice structures have been prototyped with 3 different geometries and 5 different numbers of layers (from 4 to 8) by using a metallic pattern and E-glass/polypropylene prepregs. Scanning calorimetry and bending tests of multi-layer samples have been used to characterize thermoplastic prepregs. Anisogrid lattice structures have been tested under tensile loads. A finite element model has been used to predict mechanical stiffness of these structures by using material properties coming from the sample characterization. Numerical models have been developed with a batch-type parametric approach to rapidly evaluate the combined effect of geometric and material parameters. A good agreement has been found between experimental and numerical data with an average difference about 4%.
{"title":"Anisogrid lattice structure in thermoplastic composite by filament gun deposition","authors":"Fabrizio Quadrini, Daniele Santoro, Loredana Santo","doi":"10.1177/09544062241279014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241279014","url":null,"abstract":"A new method to manufacture thermoplastic composite parts has been used to produce anisogrid lattice structures. Filament gun deposition consists of a hot-melt gun loaded with narrow thermoplastic prepreg tapes. Anisogrid lattice structures have been prototyped with 3 different geometries and 5 different numbers of layers (from 4 to 8) by using a metallic pattern and E-glass/polypropylene prepregs. Scanning calorimetry and bending tests of multi-layer samples have been used to characterize thermoplastic prepregs. Anisogrid lattice structures have been tested under tensile loads. A finite element model has been used to predict mechanical stiffness of these structures by using material properties coming from the sample characterization. Numerical models have been developed with a batch-type parametric approach to rapidly evaluate the combined effect of geometric and material parameters. A good agreement has been found between experimental and numerical data with an average difference about 4%.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09544062241277310
Marwa Allouch, Hana Mellouli, Hanen Mallek, Mondher Wali, Fakhreddine Dammak
In recent years, impact-resistant structures are highly sought after in various fields such automotive and aerospace applications as they proved notable performances, garnering significant success. The aim of this study is to assess the behavior of the 3D-printable honeycombs subjected to low velocity impact, for providing insights into absorbed energy for different core designs: hexagonal, auxetic, and rectangular, considering an equal number of cells across all designs. This work reports the computational and experimental studies conducted for sandwich structures under different impact loading. The experimental impact tests are carried out using a drop weight impact-testing machine. The examined specimen comprises two face-sheets and architected cell core fabricated through the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process made of polylactic acid (PLA). Variations in the geometric design of the cells result in the formation of cores with auxetic and non-auxetic topologies. Uniaxial tensile tests are performed to identify the mechanical properties of the involved biopolymer. The second attempt consists on comparing three architectural core structures under impact test using experimental and computational methods. Our findings highlight the specific influence of core topology on energy absorption in 3D-printed sandwich structures. Results indicate that while all three configurations (hexagonal, re-entrant, and rectangular) demonstrate comparable energy absorption values, the specific mechanisms and efficiencies vary, with re-entrant cores exhibiting distinct behaviors under impact.
近年来，抗冲击结构在汽车和航空航天等多个领域备受追捧，因为它们具有显著的性能，获得了巨大的成功。本研究旨在评估三维可打印蜂窝在受到低速冲击时的行为，以便深入了解不同内核设计（六角形、辅助形和矩形）所吸收的能量，同时考虑到所有设计的单元数量相等。这项工作报告了在不同冲击载荷下对夹层结构进行的计算和实验研究。实验性冲击测试使用落锤式冲击试验机进行。受检试样由两张面片和通过聚乳酸（PLA）熔融长丝制造（FFF）工艺制造的拱形单元芯组成。细胞几何设计的变化导致形成具有辅助拓扑和非辅助拓扑的细胞核。通过单轴拉伸试验来确定相关生物聚合物的机械性能。第二次尝试是使用实验和计算方法，比较三种建筑芯材结构在冲击试验中的表现。我们的研究结果强调了核心拓扑结构对 3D 打印夹层结构能量吸收的具体影响。结果表明，虽然所有三种结构（六边形、重入式和矩形）都表现出可比的能量吸收值，但具体的机制和效率却各不相同，重入式夹芯在冲击下表现出截然不同的行为。
{"title":"Behavior of sandwich structures with 3D-printed auxetic and non-auxetic cores under low velocity impact: Experimental and computational analysis","authors":"Marwa Allouch, Hana Mellouli, Hanen Mallek, Mondher Wali, Fakhreddine Dammak","doi":"10.1177/09544062241277310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241277310","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, impact-resistant structures are highly sought after in various fields such automotive and aerospace applications as they proved notable performances, garnering significant success. The aim of this study is to assess the behavior of the 3D-printable honeycombs subjected to low velocity impact, for providing insights into absorbed energy for different core designs: hexagonal, auxetic, and rectangular, considering an equal number of cells across all designs. This work reports the computational and experimental studies conducted for sandwich structures under different impact loading. The experimental impact tests are carried out using a drop weight impact-testing machine. The examined specimen comprises two face-sheets and architected cell core fabricated through the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process made of polylactic acid (PLA). Variations in the geometric design of the cells result in the formation of cores with auxetic and non-auxetic topologies. Uniaxial tensile tests are performed to identify the mechanical properties of the involved biopolymer. The second attempt consists on comparing three architectural core structures under impact test using experimental and computational methods. Our findings highlight the specific influence of core topology on energy absorption in 3D-printed sandwich structures. Results indicate that while all three configurations (hexagonal, re-entrant, and rectangular) demonstrate comparable energy absorption values, the specific mechanisms and efficiencies vary, with re-entrant cores exhibiting distinct behaviors under impact.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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