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Variation of the molecular cloud lifecycle across the nearby galaxy population 分子云生命周期在邻近星系群中的变化
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921322003738
Jaeyeon Kim, M. Chevance, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, A. Leroy
Abstract The processes of star formation and feedback take place on the scales of giant molecular clouds (GMCs; ~ 100 pc) within galaxies and play a major role in governing galaxy evolution. By applying a robust statistical method to PHANGS observations, we systematically measure the evolutionary timeline from molecular clouds to exposed young stellar regions, across an unprecedented sample of 54 galaxies. These timescales depend on galaxy environment, revealing the role of galactic-scale dynamical processes in the small-scale GMC evolution. Furthermore, in the 5 nearest galaxies of our sample, we have refined the GMC timeline further and established the duration of the heavily obscured phase, using 24 μm emission. These results represent a major first step towards a comprehensive picture of cloud assembly and feedback, which will be extended to 19 more galaxies with our ongoing JWST Large Program.
恒星的形成和反馈过程发生在巨分子云(GMCs;~ 100pc),在星系演化中起着重要作用。通过对PHANGS观测应用稳健的统计方法,我们系统地测量了54个星系中从分子云到暴露的年轻恒星区域的演化时间。这些时间尺度依赖于星系环境,揭示了星系尺度动力学过程在小尺度GMC演化中的作用。此外,在我们样本中最近的5个星系中,我们进一步完善了GMC时间线,并使用24 μm发射确定了严重模糊阶段的持续时间。这些结果代表着向云集合和反馈的全面图景迈出了重要的第一步,这将通过我们正在进行的JWST大型项目扩展到另外19个星系。
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引用次数: 0
The density structure of molecular cloud scales: A fitting for N-PDF with multi log-normal functions 分子云尺度的密度结构:N-PDF的多对数正态函数拟合
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921322004379
T. Murase, T. Handa, Ren Matsusaka, Y. Shimajiri, Masato I. N. Kobayashi, M. Kohno, J. Nishi, N. Takeba, Yosuke Shibata
Abstract We studied the probability distribution function of the column density (N-PDF) of molecular clouds based on a fit with a multi-log-normal function using the Nobeyama 45-m Cygnus X CO survey data. We identified 124 molecular clouds in 13CO data using the DENDROGRAM and SCIMES algorithms. The N-PDF was constructed for 11 extended (≥ 0.4 deg2) molecular clouds of these identified clouds. We found that every N-PDF is well-fitted with one or two log-normal (LN) distributions. We investigated the distributions of the column density, C18O dense cores, and radio continuum source in each cloud and found that the N-PDF was less correlated with the star-forming activity. The LN N-PDF parameters showed two impressive features. First, the LN distribution at the low-density part had the same mean column density (∼1021.5 cm−2 ) for almost all the molecular clouds. Second, the wider LN distribution tended to show the lower mean density of the structures.
摘要利用Nobeyama 45-m Cygnus X CO观测数据,基于多对数正态函数拟合,研究了分子云柱密度(N-PDF)的概率分布函数。我们使用dendprogram和SCIMES算法在13CO数据中识别出124个分子云。构建了这些云的11个扩展(≥0.4℃)分子云的N-PDF。我们发现每个N-PDF都很好地拟合了一个或两个对数正态(LN)分布。我们研究了各云的柱密度、C18O致密核和射电连续源的分布,发现N-PDF与恒星形成活动的相关性较小。LN N-PDF参数显示了两个令人印象深刻的特征。首先,对于几乎所有的分子云,低密度部分的LN分布具有相同的平均柱密度(~ 1021.5 cm−2)。其次,LN分布越宽,结构的平均密度越低。
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引用次数: 0
IAU volume 17 issue 373 Cover and Back matter 国际天文学联合会第17卷第373期封面和封底
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1743921323000431
Gómez Medina, H. Golshan
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引用次数: 0
Parsec scale CO depletion in KAGONMA 71, or a star-forming filament in CMa OB1 在KAGONMA 71中秒差距尺度的CO耗尽,或者在CMa OB1中形成恒星的灯丝
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921322004926
T. Handa, Y. Hirata, T. Murase, J. Nishi, Y. Shimajiri, T. Omodaká, M. Nakano, K. Sunada, T. Ito, J. Chibueze
Abstract The depletion of CO molecules is observed in infrared dark clouds. However, only few exsamples are found in pc-scale. An NH3 emission is one of good counter parts of C18O because of similar effective critical density. Our NH3 observations of a molecular filament associated with CMa OB1 or KAG 71, which is a target of Kagoshima Galactic Object survey with Nobeyama 45-m telescope by Mapping in Ammonia lines (KAGONMA) project. Although NH3 data shows similarity in morphology with infrared data suggesting no depletion, C18O in the clumps 4 and 6 are weaker than expected based on NH3 data. After examining the dissipation of the high-density gas, photodissociation, and depletion, we concluded that CO is depleted at least in the clump 4. It is a new example of depletion in pc-scale.
摘要在红外暗云中观测到了CO分子的耗竭。然而,在pc级上只有很少的例子。NH3的有效临界密度与C18O相似,是C18O较好的对应组分之一。我们对与CMa OB1或KAG 71相关的分子细丝的NH3观测,这是Nobeyama 45米望远镜在鹿儿岛星系天体调查中的一个目标。虽然NH3数据显示的形态与红外数据相似,表明没有损耗,但团块4和团块6中的C18O比基于NH3数据的预期要弱。在考察了高密度气体的耗散、光解和耗竭之后,我们得出结论,至少在团块4中,CO是耗竭的。这是个人电脑规模耗竭的一个新例子。
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引用次数: 0
SWAG: The Maps SWAG:地图
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921323000182
J. Ott, David S. Meier, T. Candelaria, D. Ward
Abstract We present maps of the “Survey of Water and Ammonia toward the Galactic center” (SWAG). SWAG was observed over three years (∼550 h) with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and covers the entire Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) at about 26” or ∼1 pc resolution. The observed 21.2–25.6 GHz range contains tens of spectral lines and 4 GHz of continuum. Here, we present some final maps. These include multiple NH3 lines, radio recombination lines, shock tracers like HNCO and methanol (CH3OH), high resolution 22 GHz water masers, and a continuum map. The maps are the foundation for ongoing comprehensive temperature mapping of the CMZ, including the identification of heating mechanisms, the characterization of water maser sources as young stellar objects or AGB stars, as well as chemistry, dynamics, and star formation studies of the ISM in this unique environment.
我们展示了“朝向银河系中心的水和氨调查”(SWAG)的地图。SWAG用澳大利亚望远镜紧凑阵列(ATCA)观测了三年(~ 550小时),以大约26英寸或~ 1pc的分辨率覆盖了整个中央分子区(CMZ)。观测到的21.2-25.6 GHz范围包含数十条谱线和4 GHz连续谱线。在这里,我们展示一些最终的地图。其中包括多个NH3谱线、无线电重组谱线、HNCO和甲醇(CH3OH)等冲击示踪剂、高分辨率22 GHz水激射器和连续谱图。这些地图是CMZ正在进行的全面温度测绘的基础,包括加热机制的识别,水脉泽源作为年轻恒星物体或AGB恒星的特征,以及ISM在这种独特环境下的化学,动力学和恒星形成研究。
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引用次数: 0
Feedback models in galaxy simulations and probing their impact by cosmological hydrodynamic simulations 星系模拟中的反馈模型及其对宇宙流体力学模拟的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921323000133
K. Nagamine
Abstract Feedback effects by supernovae (SNe) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are believed to be essential for galaxy evolution and shaping present-day galaxies, but their exact mechanisms on galactic scales and their impact on CGM/IGM are not well understood yet. In galaxy formation simulations, it is still challenging to resolve sub-parsec scales, and we need to implement subgrid models to account for the physics on small scales. In this article, we summarize some of the efforts to build more physically based feedback models, discuss about pushing the resolution to its limits in galaxy simulations, testing galaxy formation codes under the AGORA code comparison project, and how to probe the impact of feedback using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations via Lyα absorption and CGM/IGM tomography technique. We also discuss our future directions of research in this field and how we make progress by comparing our simulations with observations.
超新星(SNe)和活动星系核(agn)的反馈效应被认为是星系演化和塑造当今星系的必要条件,但它们在星系尺度上的确切机制及其对CGM/IGM的影响尚不清楚。在星系形成模拟中,解决亚秒差距尺度仍然具有挑战性,我们需要实现亚网格模型来解释小尺度上的物理现象。在本文中,我们总结了建立更多基于物理的反馈模型的一些努力,讨论了在星系模拟中将分辨率推向极限,在AGORA代码比较项目下测试星系形成代码,以及如何通过Lyα吸收和CGM/IGM断层扫描技术利用宇宙流体动力学模拟来探测反馈的影响。我们还讨论了我们在这一领域的未来研究方向,以及如何通过将我们的模拟与观测进行比较来取得进展。
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引用次数: 0
Milky Way: structure via live potentials 银河系:通过活电位的结构
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921322004902
Eva Durán-Camacho, A. Duarte-Cabral
Abstract We use the AREPO numerical code to model the structure of a Milky Way like galaxy (MW) via a suite of simulations composed of a stellar disc and bulge, a dark matter halo, and a gaseous disc under isothermal conditions. For each model, we produce longitude velocity (l-v) maps of the gas surface densities to extract the skeletons of the main features (arms, bar), and the contours defining the terminal velocities of the gas. We compare these with observations via a number of diagnostic tools, and select the model that best reproduces the main observed features of the Milky Way.
摘要利用AREPO数值代码,通过等温条件下由恒星盘和凸起、暗物质晕和气体盘组成的一套模拟,对类银河系(MW)的结构进行了模拟。对于每个模型,我们生成气体表面密度的经度速度(l-v)图,以提取主要特征(臂,条)的骨架,以及定义气体终端速度的等高线。我们通过许多诊断工具将这些与观测结果进行比较,并选择最能再现银河系主要观测特征的模型。
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引用次数: 0
The Progressive Integral Step Method (PrISM) for Wide Field 3D Spectral Imaging of Nearby Galaxies: an Overview of the TYPHOON Survey 近星系宽视场三维光谱成像的渐进式积分阶跃法(PrISM):台风巡天综述
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S174392132200429X
K. Grasha
Abstract The TYPHOON program is producing an atlas of spectroscopic data cubes of 44 large-angular-sized galaxies with complete spatial coverage from 3650–9000 Å. This survey provides an unparalleled opportunity to study variations in the interstellar medium (ISM) properties within individual H ii regions across the entire star-forming disks of nearby galaxies. This can provide key insights into the spatial distribution and resolved properties of the ISM to understand how efficiently metals are mixed and redistributed across spirals and dwarf galaxies. In this Proceeding, we present early science results from six nearby spiral galaxies as part of the TYPHOON program from Grasha et al. (2022). We use HIIPhot to identify the H ii regions within the galaxy based on the surface brightness of the Hα emisison line and measure variations of the H ii region oxygen abundance. In this initial work, we find that while the spiral pattern plays a role in organizing the ISM, it alone does not establish the relatively uniform azimuthal variations we observe across all the galaxies. Differences in the metal abundances are more likely driven by the strong correlations with the local physical conditions. We find a strong and positive correlation between the ionization parameter and the local abundances as measured by the relative metallicity offset Δ(O/H), indicating a tight relationship between local physical conditions and their localized enrichment of the ISM. These variations can be explained by a combination of localized, star formation-driven self-enrichment and large-scale mixing-driven dilution due to the passing of spiral density waves.
摘要:台风计划正在生成44个大角星系的光谱数据立方体地图集,这些星系的完整空间覆盖范围从3650-9000 Å。这次调查提供了一个无与伦比的机会来研究在邻近星系的整个恒星形成盘的单个H区域内星际介质(ISM)性质的变化。这可以为ISM的空间分布和解析特性提供关键见解,以了解金属在螺旋星系和矮星系中混合和重新分布的效率。在这篇论文中,我们介绍了Grasha et al.(2022)的台风计划中六个附近螺旋星系的早期科学结果。我们使用HIIPhot基于Hα发射线的表面亮度来识别星系内的H区,并测量H区氧丰度的变化。在这项初步工作中,我们发现,虽然螺旋模式在组织ISM中发挥了作用,但它本身并不能建立我们在所有星系中观察到的相对一致的方位角变化。金属丰度的差异更可能是由与当地物理条件的强相关性驱动的。我们发现电离参数与相对金属丰度偏移Δ(O/H)测量的局部丰度之间存在很强的正相关关系,表明局部物理条件与其ISM的局部富集之间存在密切关系。这些变化可以用局部的、由恒星形成驱动的自富集和由螺旋密度波通过引起的大规模混合驱动的稀释的组合来解释。
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引用次数: 0
High [OIII] luminosities from star formation and shocks in z∼6 quasars z ~ 6类星体中恒星形成和激波的高[OIII]光度
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1743921322003787
Bomee Lee, R. Chary
Abstract We use archival WISE and Spitzer photometry to derive optical emission line fluxes for a sample of distant quasars at z∼6. We find evidence for exceptionally high equivalent width [OIII] emission (rest-frame EW∼400Å) similar to that inferred for star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts. The median Hα and Hβ equivalent widths are derived to be ∼400Å and ∼100Å respectively, and are consistent with values seen among quasars in the local Universe, and at z ∼ 2. After accounting for the contribution of photoionization in the broad line regions of quasars, we suggest that the narrow [OIII] emission likely arises from feedback due to massive star-formation in the quasar host. Forthcoming mid-infrared spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope will help constrain the physical conditions in quasar hosts further.
摘要:我们使用档案WISE和斯皮策光度法推导了z ~ 6处遥远类星体样品的光学发射线通量。我们发现了异常高的等效宽度[OIII]发射(休息框架EW ~ 400Å)的证据,类似于在类似红移的恒星形成星系中推断的。Hα和Hβ等效宽度的中位数分别为~ 400Å和~ 100Å,与局部宇宙中类星体和z ~ 2处的值一致。在考虑了类星体宽线区域的光电离的贡献后,我们认为窄[OIII]发射可能是由于类星体宿主中大质量恒星形成的反馈引起的。即将到来的詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜的中红外光谱将有助于进一步限制类星体宿主的物理条件。
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引用次数: 0
IAU volume 17 issue 370 Cover and Front matter 国际天文学联合会第17卷第370期封面和封面问题
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1743921323001011
A. Vidotto, L. Fossati, J. Vink
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
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