Na Li, Boyuan Zheng, Guanxiong Wang, Wenjie Liu, Dongxu Guo, Linna Zou, Chongchao Pan
Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) interconnect various energy networks to achieve coordinated planning and optimized operation among heterogeneous energy subsystems, making them a hot topic in current energy research. However, with the high integration of renewable energy sources, their fluctuation characteristics introduce uncertainties to the entire system, including the corresponding indirect carbon emissions from electricity. To address these issues, this paper constructs a two-stage, three-layer robust optimization operation model for IESs from day-ahead to intra-day. The model analyzes the uncertainties in carbon emission intensity at grid-connected nodes, as well as the uncertainty characteristics of photovoltaic, wind turbine, and cooling, heating, and electricity loads, expressed using polyhedral uncertainty sets. It standardizes the modeling of internal equipment in the IES, introduces carbon emission trading mechanisms, and constructs a low-carbon economic model, transforming the objective function and constraints into a compact form. The column-and-constraint generation algorithm is applied to transform the three-layer model into a single-layer main problem and a two-layer subproblem for iterative solution. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition is used to convert the two-layer subproblem into a linear programming model. A case study conducted on a park shows that while the introduction of uncertainty optimization increases system costs and carbon emissions compared to deterministic optimization, the scheduling strategy is more stable, significantly reducing the impact of uncertainties on the system. Moreover, the proposed strategy reduces total costs by 5.03% and carbon emissions by 1.25% compared to scenarios considering only source load uncertainty, fully verifying that the proposed method improves the economic and low-carbon performance of the system.
{"title":"Two-Stage Robust Optimization of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Uncertainty in Carbon Source Load","authors":"Na Li, Boyuan Zheng, Guanxiong Wang, Wenjie Liu, Dongxu Guo, Linna Zou, Chongchao Pan","doi":"10.3390/pr12091921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091921","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) interconnect various energy networks to achieve coordinated planning and optimized operation among heterogeneous energy subsystems, making them a hot topic in current energy research. However, with the high integration of renewable energy sources, their fluctuation characteristics introduce uncertainties to the entire system, including the corresponding indirect carbon emissions from electricity. To address these issues, this paper constructs a two-stage, three-layer robust optimization operation model for IESs from day-ahead to intra-day. The model analyzes the uncertainties in carbon emission intensity at grid-connected nodes, as well as the uncertainty characteristics of photovoltaic, wind turbine, and cooling, heating, and electricity loads, expressed using polyhedral uncertainty sets. It standardizes the modeling of internal equipment in the IES, introduces carbon emission trading mechanisms, and constructs a low-carbon economic model, transforming the objective function and constraints into a compact form. The column-and-constraint generation algorithm is applied to transform the three-layer model into a single-layer main problem and a two-layer subproblem for iterative solution. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition is used to convert the two-layer subproblem into a linear programming model. A case study conducted on a park shows that while the introduction of uncertainty optimization increases system costs and carbon emissions compared to deterministic optimization, the scheduling strategy is more stable, significantly reducing the impact of uncertainties on the system. Moreover, the proposed strategy reduces total costs by 5.03% and carbon emissions by 1.25% compared to scenarios considering only source load uncertainty, fully verifying that the proposed method improves the economic and low-carbon performance of the system.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Alves Prestes, Dayanne Regina Mendes Andrade, Maria Helena Machado Canella, Isabel Cristina da Silva Haas, Cristiane Vieira Helm, Jefferson Santos de Gois, Jane Mara Block, Bruna Rafaela da Silva Monteiro Wanderley, Renata Dias de Mello Castanho Amboni, Adriano Gomes da Cruz, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Elane Schwinden Prudencio
Cold-pressed guabiroba juice was subjected to block freeze concentration. The best process efficiency (PE) was obtained for the first stage of freeze concentration compared to the second stage (C2; 57.47%). Yogurt formulations were carried out with the concentrated juice from stage 1 (C1) (0, 10% (I10), and 15% (I15)). For all concentrated juices (C1 and C2), ice fractions from the first and second stages (I1 and I2), and yogurts (control, I10, and I15), physicochemical analyses were performed and antioxidant activity, carotenoid content, total phenolic content (TPC), and mineral profile were determined. Total soluble solids contents for the concentrated juices increased by 1.56 to 2 times compared to the cold-pressed guabiroba juice. Furthermore, an increase in TPC and carotenoids was observed. For the I15 sample, TPC increased by 4,556%, with the control and increased carotenoids, vitamin C, and mineral profiles (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) contributing to increased antioxidant activity. The addition of concentrated guabiroba juice to yogurt formulations enhances the functional property of this dairy product by maintaining most of the bioactive compounds during cold-pressing associated with the freeze concentration.
{"title":"The Addition of Concentrated Cold-Pressed Guabiroba Juice to Yogurts: Effects on the Physicochemical Analyses, Antioxidant Activity, Carotenoid Content, Total Phenolic Compounds, and Mineral Profile","authors":"Amanda Alves Prestes, Dayanne Regina Mendes Andrade, Maria Helena Machado Canella, Isabel Cristina da Silva Haas, Cristiane Vieira Helm, Jefferson Santos de Gois, Jane Mara Block, Bruna Rafaela da Silva Monteiro Wanderley, Renata Dias de Mello Castanho Amboni, Adriano Gomes da Cruz, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Elane Schwinden Prudencio","doi":"10.3390/pr12091915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091915","url":null,"abstract":"Cold-pressed guabiroba juice was subjected to block freeze concentration. The best process efficiency (PE) was obtained for the first stage of freeze concentration compared to the second stage (C2; 57.47%). Yogurt formulations were carried out with the concentrated juice from stage 1 (C1) (0, 10% (I10), and 15% (I15)). For all concentrated juices (C1 and C2), ice fractions from the first and second stages (I1 and I2), and yogurts (control, I10, and I15), physicochemical analyses were performed and antioxidant activity, carotenoid content, total phenolic content (TPC), and mineral profile were determined. Total soluble solids contents for the concentrated juices increased by 1.56 to 2 times compared to the cold-pressed guabiroba juice. Furthermore, an increase in TPC and carotenoids was observed. For the I15 sample, TPC increased by 4,556%, with the control and increased carotenoids, vitamin C, and mineral profiles (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) contributing to increased antioxidant activity. The addition of concentrated guabiroba juice to yogurt formulations enhances the functional property of this dairy product by maintaining most of the bioactive compounds during cold-pressing associated with the freeze concentration.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kan Qin, Yuhang Zhang, Tianshuo Yan, Qing Guo, Kai Luo
To facilitate the high operating pressure of a novel underwater power cycle, the potential of Roots pumps for pressurizing gas-liquid mixtures is experimentally investigated in this paper. The experimental facility is constructed, and the effects of inlet gas volume fractions and rotational speeds on the pump performance are discussed. The results show that the increased inlet gas volume fraction is beneficial to increasing the pump efficiency. This is associated with the increased pressure ratio and the gas-liquid mixture compressibility. In addition, the increases in rotational speed and liquid phase volume fraction negatively affect the pump’s efficiency. These phenomena are caused by the resulting high pressure difference and subsequently the back-flow from the pump outlet, thereby increasing the gap leakage and decreasing the Roots pump’s operating efficiency. The numerical model is further compared against experimental resultsk and the maximum difference is found to be less than 7.53%. This paper experimentally tests the potential of Roots pumps for pressurizing gas-liquid mixtures.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation and Numerical Validation of a Roots Pump’s Performance Operating with Gas-Liquid Mixtures","authors":"Kan Qin, Yuhang Zhang, Tianshuo Yan, Qing Guo, Kai Luo","doi":"10.3390/pr12091918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091918","url":null,"abstract":"To facilitate the high operating pressure of a novel underwater power cycle, the potential of Roots pumps for pressurizing gas-liquid mixtures is experimentally investigated in this paper. The experimental facility is constructed, and the effects of inlet gas volume fractions and rotational speeds on the pump performance are discussed. The results show that the increased inlet gas volume fraction is beneficial to increasing the pump efficiency. This is associated with the increased pressure ratio and the gas-liquid mixture compressibility. In addition, the increases in rotational speed and liquid phase volume fraction negatively affect the pump’s efficiency. These phenomena are caused by the resulting high pressure difference and subsequently the back-flow from the pump outlet, thereby increasing the gap leakage and decreasing the Roots pump’s operating efficiency. The numerical model is further compared against experimental resultsk and the maximum difference is found to be less than 7.53%. This paper experimentally tests the potential of Roots pumps for pressurizing gas-liquid mixtures.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The catalytic applications of micron Cu powder are limited due to its large particle size and small specific surface area. Modifying micro-Cu powder to achieve a high catalytic performance is a challenge in the application of micron copper. In this work, micro-Cu was used to synthesize a CeO2–Cu catalyst, and the phase composition and surface pore structure were analyzed using XRD, BET, etc. The CO2 hydrogenation performance of the CeO2–Cu catalyst was analyzed in comparison with CeO2 and Cu, and we found that the CeO2–Cu catalyst exhibited a synergistic effect between Cu and cerium, resulting in a much higher hydrogenation performance at 500 °C than CeO2 or Cu alone. H2-TPR and TEM characterization revealed that the CeO2–Cu catalyst formed interfacial interactions with a relatively large Ce–Cu interface, where cerium oxide could promote the reduction of CuO and lower the reduction temperature. Additionally, cerium oxide formed a confinement structure for Cu, and the CeO2–Cu catalyst exhibited a higher oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby promoting the CO2 hydrogenation performance. Cu–CeO2 interaction provides valuable insights into the catalytic application of micron Cu powder.
由于微米铜粉粒径大、比表面积小，其催化应用受到限制。对微米铜粉进行改性以获得高催化性能是微米铜应用中的一项挑战。本研究利用微铜合成了 CeO2-Cu 催化剂，并利用 XRD、BET 等分析了其相组成和表面孔结构。我们将 CeO2-Cu 催化剂与 CeO2 和 Cu 的 CO2 加氢性能进行了对比分析，发现 CeO2-Cu 催化剂在 Cu 和铈之间表现出协同效应，使其在 500 °C 时的加氢性能远高于单独使用 CeO2 或 Cu 时的加氢性能。H2-TPR 和 TEM 表征显示，CeO2-Cu 催化剂与相对较大的 Ce-Cu 界面形成了界面相互作用，其中氧化铈可促进 CuO 的还原并降低还原温度。此外，氧化铈形成了对 Cu 的约束结构，CeO2-Cu 催化剂表现出更高的氧空位浓度，从而提高了 CO2 加氢性能。Cu-CeO2 的相互作用为微米级 Cu 粉末的催化应用提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"The Synergistic Effect of CeO2 and Micron-Cu Enhances the Hydrogenation of CO2 to CO","authors":"Bowen Lu, Huiying Sang, Liang Liu, Zhijian Yu, Yaqin Guo, Yongqing Xu","doi":"10.3390/pr12091912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091912","url":null,"abstract":"The catalytic applications of micron Cu powder are limited due to its large particle size and small specific surface area. Modifying micro-Cu powder to achieve a high catalytic performance is a challenge in the application of micron copper. In this work, micro-Cu was used to synthesize a CeO2–Cu catalyst, and the phase composition and surface pore structure were analyzed using XRD, BET, etc. The CO2 hydrogenation performance of the CeO2–Cu catalyst was analyzed in comparison with CeO2 and Cu, and we found that the CeO2–Cu catalyst exhibited a synergistic effect between Cu and cerium, resulting in a much higher hydrogenation performance at 500 °C than CeO2 or Cu alone. H2-TPR and TEM characterization revealed that the CeO2–Cu catalyst formed interfacial interactions with a relatively large Ce–Cu interface, where cerium oxide could promote the reduction of CuO and lower the reduction temperature. Additionally, cerium oxide formed a confinement structure for Cu, and the CeO2–Cu catalyst exhibited a higher oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby promoting the CO2 hydrogenation performance. Cu–CeO2 interaction provides valuable insights into the catalytic application of micron Cu powder.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Ariel Pullao, Franco Emmanuel Benedetto, Gian Franco Binetti Basterrechea, Leonardo Andrés Neira Poblete, Diana Carolina Lago, Miguel Oscar Prado
Thermal plasma is a versatile technology that can be used to treat various types of wastes, including vegetal and mineral oils, solvents, plastics, paper and cardboard, glasses, bricks and rocks, metals, clothes, and mixtures of these materials. In this study, we utilized a commercial plasma cutter as a thermal plasma source to decrease the volume of a simulated low-level radioactive mixed solid waste. The simulated waste included papers, plastics, clothes, gloves, metals, and stable Co, Cs, Sr, and Ce additives as surrogates of 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr, and 144Ce, respectively, the latter being typical contaminants in nuclear LLW. As a result of the process, two products were obtained: a solid phase, on which we focused this work, and a gaseous phase. To retain as many as surrogates as possible in the solid final phase, crushed glass from broken bottles was included as a vitrification additive to the original waste. After undergoing heat treatment, a dense vitreous slag was produced along with ashes. The process resulted in a volume reduction of 70%, indicating the successful gasification of organic excess materials. The surrogate elements were retained in the process and were found in the ashes composition: Co (3.4% w/w), Cs (37.7% w/w), and Ce (0.6% w/w) and in the glass matrix composition of Co, Cs, Sr and Ce: 72.4 ± 14.7, 32 ± 18.2, 125.3 ± 31.6, 80 ± 13.1% w/w, respectively. For the actual experimental conditions, retention efficiencies were estimated for cobalt (Co) at 72.4 ± 14.7%, cerium (Ce) at 80 ± 13.1%, strontium (Sr) at 125.3 ± 31.6%, and notably cesium (Cs) at 32 ± 18.2%.
{"title":"Plasma Gasification of a Simulated Low-Level Radioactive Waste: Co, Cs, Sr, and Ce Retention Efficiency","authors":"Juan Ariel Pullao, Franco Emmanuel Benedetto, Gian Franco Binetti Basterrechea, Leonardo Andrés Neira Poblete, Diana Carolina Lago, Miguel Oscar Prado","doi":"10.3390/pr12091919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091919","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal plasma is a versatile technology that can be used to treat various types of wastes, including vegetal and mineral oils, solvents, plastics, paper and cardboard, glasses, bricks and rocks, metals, clothes, and mixtures of these materials. In this study, we utilized a commercial plasma cutter as a thermal plasma source to decrease the volume of a simulated low-level radioactive mixed solid waste. The simulated waste included papers, plastics, clothes, gloves, metals, and stable Co, Cs, Sr, and Ce additives as surrogates of 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr, and 144Ce, respectively, the latter being typical contaminants in nuclear LLW. As a result of the process, two products were obtained: a solid phase, on which we focused this work, and a gaseous phase. To retain as many as surrogates as possible in the solid final phase, crushed glass from broken bottles was included as a vitrification additive to the original waste. After undergoing heat treatment, a dense vitreous slag was produced along with ashes. The process resulted in a volume reduction of 70%, indicating the successful gasification of organic excess materials. The surrogate elements were retained in the process and were found in the ashes composition: Co (3.4% w/w), Cs (37.7% w/w), and Ce (0.6% w/w) and in the glass matrix composition of Co, Cs, Sr and Ce: 72.4 ± 14.7, 32 ± 18.2, 125.3 ± 31.6, 80 ± 13.1% w/w, respectively. For the actual experimental conditions, retention efficiencies were estimated for cobalt (Co) at 72.4 ± 14.7%, cerium (Ce) at 80 ± 13.1%, strontium (Sr) at 125.3 ± 31.6%, and notably cesium (Cs) at 32 ± 18.2%.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinchen Gao, Kangliang Guo, Qiangyu Li, Yuhang Jin, Jiakang Liu
This study addresses the challenge of rapidly and accurately predicting the production of test wells in offshore tight oil reservoirs, specifically within the L Formation of the Beibu Basin. This challenge is particularly pronounced in situations where drill stem tests are limited and evaluating each untested well layer is difficult. To achieve this objective, we analyzed fifteen typical test wells in the L Formation, taking into account both geological and engineering factors. Initially, Pearson correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and grey relational analysis were used to identify the main production factors. Based on these analyses, two types of production prediction models were developed: one employing the comprehensive production index method and the other utilizing the production coefficient method. The research identified effective permeability, porosity, oil saturation, and shale content as the main production factors for the test wells in the study area. The model verification results showed that the comprehensive production index model performs effectively for the L Formation, with an average prediction error of 20.40% compared to the actual production values. This research is significant for optimizing and stabilizing production in tight oil reservoirs.
这项研究解决了在海上致密油藏（特别是北部盆地 L 地层）中快速准确预测试井产量的难题。在钻杆测试有限、难以评估每个未测试井层的情况下，这一挑战尤为突出。为了实现这一目标，我们分析了 L 地层的 15 口典型测试井，同时考虑了地质和工程因素。最初，我们使用了皮尔逊相关分析、部分相关分析和灰色关系分析来确定主要的生产因素。在这些分析的基础上，建立了两种产量预测模型：一种采用综合产量指数法，另一种采用产量系数法。研究发现，有效渗透率、孔隙度、含油饱和度和页岩含量是研究区域测试井的主要产量因素。模型验证结果表明，综合产量指数模型在 L 地层中表现有效，与实际产量值相比，平均预测误差为 20.40%。这项研究对致密油藏的优化和稳产具有重要意义。
{"title":"Determination of the Main Production Factors and Production Predictions of Test Wells in the Offshore Tight Oil Reservoirs in the L Formation of the Beibu Basin Using Multivariate Statistical Methods","authors":"Xinchen Gao, Kangliang Guo, Qiangyu Li, Yuhang Jin, Jiakang Liu","doi":"10.3390/pr12091922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091922","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the challenge of rapidly and accurately predicting the production of test wells in offshore tight oil reservoirs, specifically within the L Formation of the Beibu Basin. This challenge is particularly pronounced in situations where drill stem tests are limited and evaluating each untested well layer is difficult. To achieve this objective, we analyzed fifteen typical test wells in the L Formation, taking into account both geological and engineering factors. Initially, Pearson correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and grey relational analysis were used to identify the main production factors. Based on these analyses, two types of production prediction models were developed: one employing the comprehensive production index method and the other utilizing the production coefficient method. The research identified effective permeability, porosity, oil saturation, and shale content as the main production factors for the test wells in the study area. The model verification results showed that the comprehensive production index model performs effectively for the L Formation, with an average prediction error of 20.40% compared to the actual production values. This research is significant for optimizing and stabilizing production in tight oil reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amal S. Alali, Sikander Ali, Muhammad Kamran Jamil
In materials science, the open nanotube derived from an octagonal grid is one of the most important and extensively researched compounds. Finding strategies for representing a variety of chemical compounds so that different compounds can have different representations is necessary for the investigation of chemical structures. In this work, the double edge-based resolving partition is discussed and the exchange property applied. Let Q1 and Q2 be two edge-resolving partition sets and Q1≠Q2, such that Q1∩Q2≠0. This shows that this structure has exchange property for edge partition. The exchange property in edge partitions is a novel work. It is introduced in this paper. The application of this work is to transform projects or objects to better places. The resolvability of these compounds is studied to gain an understanding of the chemical composition of the compounds. We perform this by using the terms vertex and edge-based distance and edge-resolving sets of graphs.
{"title":"Structural Analysis of Octagonal Nanotubes via Double Edge-Resolving Partitions","authors":"Amal S. Alali, Sikander Ali, Muhammad Kamran Jamil","doi":"10.3390/pr12091920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091920","url":null,"abstract":"In materials science, the open nanotube derived from an octagonal grid is one of the most important and extensively researched compounds. Finding strategies for representing a variety of chemical compounds so that different compounds can have different representations is necessary for the investigation of chemical structures. In this work, the double edge-based resolving partition is discussed and the exchange property applied. Let Q1 and Q2 be two edge-resolving partition sets and Q1≠Q2, such that Q1∩Q2≠0. This shows that this structure has exchange property for edge partition. The exchange property in edge partitions is a novel work. It is introduced in this paper. The application of this work is to transform projects or objects to better places. The resolvability of these compounds is studied to gain an understanding of the chemical composition of the compounds. We perform this by using the terms vertex and edge-based distance and edge-resolving sets of graphs.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Alvarado-Vallejo, Oscar Marín-Peña, Erik Samuel Rosas-Mendoza, Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman
Tomato waste, characterized by high organic matter and moisture content, offers a promising substrate for anaerobic digestion, though rapid acidification can inhibit methanogenic activity. This study investigated the performance of a 10.25 L anaerobic fixed biofilm reactor for biogas production using liquid tomato waste, processed through grinding and filtration, at high organic loading rates, without external pH control or co-digestion. Four scouring pads were vertically installed as a fixed bed within a fiberglass structure. Reactor performance and buffering capacity were assessed over three stages with progressively increasing organic loading rates (3.2, 4.35, and 6.26 gCOD/L·d). Methane yields of 0.419 LCH4/gCOD and 0.563 LCH4/g VS were achieved during the kinetic study following stabilization. Biogas production rates reached 1586 mL/h, 1804 mL/h, and 4117 mL/h across the three stages, with methane contents of 69%, 65%, and 72.3%, respectively. Partial alkalinity fluctuated, starting above 1500 mg CaCO3/L in Stage 1, dropping below 500 mg CaCO3/L in Stage 2, and surpassing 3000 mg CaCO3/L in Stage 3. Despite periods of forced acidification, the system demonstrated significant resilience and high buffering capacity, maintaining stability through hydraulic retention time adjustments without the need for external pH regulation. The key stability indicators identified include partial alkalinity, effluent chemical oxygen demand, pH, and one-day cumulative biogas. This study highlights the effectiveness of anaerobic fixed biofilm reactors in treating tomato waste and similar fruit and vegetable residues for sustainable biogas production.
{"title":"The Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes Using an Anaerobic Fixed Biofilm Reactor: A Case of Discarded Tomatoes from a Traditional Market","authors":"Andrea Alvarado-Vallejo, Oscar Marín-Peña, Erik Samuel Rosas-Mendoza, Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman","doi":"10.3390/pr12091923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091923","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato waste, characterized by high organic matter and moisture content, offers a promising substrate for anaerobic digestion, though rapid acidification can inhibit methanogenic activity. This study investigated the performance of a 10.25 L anaerobic fixed biofilm reactor for biogas production using liquid tomato waste, processed through grinding and filtration, at high organic loading rates, without external pH control or co-digestion. Four scouring pads were vertically installed as a fixed bed within a fiberglass structure. Reactor performance and buffering capacity were assessed over three stages with progressively increasing organic loading rates (3.2, 4.35, and 6.26 gCOD/L·d). Methane yields of 0.419 LCH4/gCOD and 0.563 LCH4/g VS were achieved during the kinetic study following stabilization. Biogas production rates reached 1586 mL/h, 1804 mL/h, and 4117 mL/h across the three stages, with methane contents of 69%, 65%, and 72.3%, respectively. Partial alkalinity fluctuated, starting above 1500 mg CaCO3/L in Stage 1, dropping below 500 mg CaCO3/L in Stage 2, and surpassing 3000 mg CaCO3/L in Stage 3. Despite periods of forced acidification, the system demonstrated significant resilience and high buffering capacity, maintaining stability through hydraulic retention time adjustments without the need for external pH regulation. The key stability indicators identified include partial alkalinity, effluent chemical oxygen demand, pH, and one-day cumulative biogas. This study highlights the effectiveness of anaerobic fixed biofilm reactors in treating tomato waste and similar fruit and vegetable residues for sustainable biogas production.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Qiao, Haijun Gao, You Cui, Yang Yang, Shixin Liang, Kun Xiao
To evaluate reservoir porosity accurately, a method based on the bidirectional temporal convolutional network (BiTCN), bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM), and attention mechanism (AM) optimized by the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed. Firstly, the sparrow search algorithm improved by a phased control step size strategy and dynamic random Cauchy mutation is introduced. Secondly, the superiority of the ISSA is confirmed by the test functions of Congress on Evolutionary Computation in 2022 (CEC-2022). Furthermore, the experimental findings are assessed using the Wilcoxon test, which provides additional evidence of the ISSA’s superiority against the competing algorithms. Finally, the BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM is optimized by the ISSA, and the ISSA-BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM was applied to reservoir porosity construction in the Midlands basin. The results showed that the RMSE and MAE of the proposed model were 0.4293 and 0.5696, respectively, which verified the effectiveness and success rate of reservoir parameter construction by addressing the shortcomings in the capabilities shown by conventional interpretation procedures.
为了准确评估储层孔隙度，提出了一种基于双向时空卷积网络（BiTCN）、双向长短期记忆网络（BiLSTM）和改进麻雀搜索算法（ISSA）优化的注意力机制（AM）的方法。首先，介绍了通过分阶段控制步长策略和动态随机考奇突变改进的麻雀搜索算法。其次，2022 年进化计算大会（CEC-2022）的测试功能证实了 ISSA 的优越性。此外，还使用 Wilcoxon 检验对实验结果进行了评估，从而进一步证明了 ISSA 相对于其他竞争算法的优越性。最后，ISSA 对 BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM 进行了优化，并将 ISSA-BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM 应用于 Midlands 盆地的储层孔隙度构建。结果表明，所提模型的 RMSE 和 MAE 分别为 0.4293 和 0.5696，解决了传统解释程序在能力上的不足，验证了储层参数构建的有效性和成功率。
{"title":"Reservoir Porosity Construction Based on BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM Optimized by Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm","authors":"Lei Qiao, Haijun Gao, You Cui, Yang Yang, Shixin Liang, Kun Xiao","doi":"10.3390/pr12091907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091907","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate reservoir porosity accurately, a method based on the bidirectional temporal convolutional network (BiTCN), bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM), and attention mechanism (AM) optimized by the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed. Firstly, the sparrow search algorithm improved by a phased control step size strategy and dynamic random Cauchy mutation is introduced. Secondly, the superiority of the ISSA is confirmed by the test functions of Congress on Evolutionary Computation in 2022 (CEC-2022). Furthermore, the experimental findings are assessed using the Wilcoxon test, which provides additional evidence of the ISSA’s superiority against the competing algorithms. Finally, the BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM is optimized by the ISSA, and the ISSA-BiTCN-BiLSTM-AM was applied to reservoir porosity construction in the Midlands basin. The results showed that the RMSE and MAE of the proposed model were 0.4293 and 0.5696, respectively, which verified the effectiveness and success rate of reservoir parameter construction by addressing the shortcomings in the capabilities shown by conventional interpretation procedures.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mixed plastic/biomass co-gasification stands out as a promising and environmentally friendly technology, since it reduces wide solid wastes and produces green hydrogen. High-quality syngas can be obtained by virtue of the process design and optimization of a downdraft fixed-bed co-gasifier. The design is based on the actual reaction zones within a real gasifier to ensure accurate results. The methodology shows that (i) the co-gasifier modeling is validated using the adiabatic RGibbs model in Aspen Plus, (ii) the performance of the co-gasifier is evaluated using cold-gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) as indicators, and (iii) the multi-objective optimization (MOO) is employed to optimize these indicators simultaneously, utilizing a standard genetic algorithm (GA) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the Pareto frontier. The optimal conditions, resulting in a CGE of 91.78% and a CCE of 83.77% at a gasifier temperature of 967.89 °C, a steam-to-feed ratio of 1.40, and a plastic-to-biomass ratio of 74.23%, were identified using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The inclusion of plastics enhances gasifier performance and syngas quality, leading to significant improvements in CGE and CCE values.
{"title":"Co-Gasification of Plastic Waste Blended with Biomass: Process Modeling and Multi-Objective Optimization","authors":"Tanawat Aentung, Yaneeporn Patcharavorachot, Wei Wu","doi":"10.3390/pr12091906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091906","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed plastic/biomass co-gasification stands out as a promising and environmentally friendly technology, since it reduces wide solid wastes and produces green hydrogen. High-quality syngas can be obtained by virtue of the process design and optimization of a downdraft fixed-bed co-gasifier. The design is based on the actual reaction zones within a real gasifier to ensure accurate results. The methodology shows that (i) the co-gasifier modeling is validated using the adiabatic RGibbs model in Aspen Plus, (ii) the performance of the co-gasifier is evaluated using cold-gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) as indicators, and (iii) the multi-objective optimization (MOO) is employed to optimize these indicators simultaneously, utilizing a standard genetic algorithm (GA) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the Pareto frontier. The optimal conditions, resulting in a CGE of 91.78% and a CCE of 83.77% at a gasifier temperature of 967.89 °C, a steam-to-feed ratio of 1.40, and a plastic-to-biomass ratio of 74.23%, were identified using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The inclusion of plastics enhances gasifier performance and syngas quality, leading to significant improvements in CGE and CCE values.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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