Characteristic aspects of pion-condensed phases are described in a simple model, for the system involving only nucleons and pions which interact through the π−N P-wave interaction. We consider one typical version in each of three kinds of pion condensation; the one of neutral pions (π 0 ), the one of charged pions (π c ) and the combined one in which both the π 0 and π c condensations are coexistent. Emphasis is put on the description to clarify the novel structures of the nucleon system which are realized in the pion-condensed phases. At first, it is shown that the π 0 condensation is equivalent to the particular nucleonic phase realized by a structure change of the nucleon system, where the attractive first-order effect of the one-pion-exchange (OPE) tensor force is brought about coherently
{"title":"Characteristic aspects of pion condensed phases","authors":"T. Takatsuka, R. Tamagaki, T. Tatsumi","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.112.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.112.67","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristic aspects of pion-condensed phases are described in a simple model, for the system involving only nucleons and pions which interact through the π−N P-wave interaction. We consider one typical version in each of three kinds of pion condensation; the one of neutral pions (π 0 ), the one of charged pions (π c ) and the combined one in which both the π 0 and π c condensations are coexistent. Emphasis is put on the description to clarify the novel structures of the nucleon system which are realized in the pion-condensed phases. At first, it is shown that the π 0 condensation is equivalent to the particular nucleonic phase realized by a structure change of the nucleon system, where the attractive first-order effect of the one-pion-exchange (OPE) tensor force is brought about coherently","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"112 1","pages":"67-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64720648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The microscopic basis of the IBM is discussed in this paper, presenting a derivation of the IBM system from the multi-nucleon system. Although there could be different approaches to this goal as stated in the preface of this supplement, we focus on two approaches. One is the Otsuka-Arima-Iachello mapping, which works for the spherical and near-spherical nuclei. The other is a mapping for deformed nuclei. In this paper, we discuss mapping methods for deriving the Interacting Boson Model (IBM). l) We first present a mapping method for spherical and near-spherical nuclei, usually referred to as the Otsuka-Arima-Iachello (OAI) mapping. 2 ), 3 ) The OAI mapping is based on the seniority scheme as will be discussed in detail. This mapping has been developed so that realistic calculations can be carried out as presented in a subsequent paper. In this paper, the basic concepts of the mapping are discussed rather in detail. Furthermore, the proton-neutron Interacting Boson Model (IBM-2) is discussed as a natural consequence of this mapping. 2 ), 3 ) In the second half of this paper, a mapping method for strongly deformed nuclei 8 ) will be reviewed. Although this mapping is for deformed nuclei, it is somewhat related to the OAI mapping. The work on deformed nuclei is much before any sort of completion, and considerable effort should be made in the future. For this purpose, the Quantum Monte Carlo Diagonalization method proposed recently 4 )- 7 ) may be useful. When the IBM was proposed from the phenomenological viewpoint by Arima and Iachello, the microscopic picture of bosons of this model was not known as pointed out in the preface of this supplement. The microscopic theory has made a crucial contribution even to phenomenological studies by the IBM, also as mentioned in the preface. Before starting rather detailed discussions, it may be useful to overview relevant properties of the effective nucleon-nucleon interactions. The short-range nuclear force favors two nucleons lying close to each other. This means that, if the wave functions of the two neutrons have large spatial overlap, the matrix element of this interaction becomes larger. On the other hand, two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state, and this is the case for two neutrons. The next optimum case for gaining energy is that the two neutrons are moving on the same orbital but in opposite directions. Because the direction is opposite, the quantum states of the two neutrons are different. In this case, the total angular momentum of the two-neutron system is zero, because the rotation is completely cancelled. In fact, the
{"title":"Microscopic Basis of the Interacting Boson Model","authors":"T. Otsuka","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.125.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.125.5","url":null,"abstract":"The microscopic basis of the IBM is discussed in this paper, presenting a derivation of the IBM system from the multi-nucleon system. Although there could be different approaches to this goal as stated in the preface of this supplement, we focus on two approaches. One is the Otsuka-Arima-Iachello mapping, which works for the spherical and near-spherical nuclei. The other is a mapping for deformed nuclei. In this paper, we discuss mapping methods for deriving the Interacting Boson Model (IBM). l) We first present a mapping method for spherical and near-spherical nuclei, usually referred to as the Otsuka-Arima-Iachello (OAI) mapping. 2 ), 3 ) The OAI mapping is based on the seniority scheme as will be discussed in detail. This mapping has been developed so that realistic calculations can be carried out as presented in a subsequent paper. In this paper, the basic concepts of the mapping are discussed rather in detail. Furthermore, the proton-neutron Interacting Boson Model (IBM-2) is discussed as a natural consequence of this mapping. 2 ), 3 ) In the second half of this paper, a mapping method for strongly deformed nuclei 8 ) will be reviewed. Although this mapping is for deformed nuclei, it is somewhat related to the OAI mapping. The work on deformed nuclei is much before any sort of completion, and considerable effort should be made in the future. For this purpose, the Quantum Monte Carlo Diagonalization method proposed recently 4 )- 7 ) may be useful. When the IBM was proposed from the phenomenological viewpoint by Arima and Iachello, the microscopic picture of bosons of this model was not known as pointed out in the preface of this supplement. The microscopic theory has made a crucial contribution even to phenomenological studies by the IBM, also as mentioned in the preface. Before starting rather detailed discussions, it may be useful to overview relevant properties of the effective nucleon-nucleon interactions. The short-range nuclear force favors two nucleons lying close to each other. This means that, if the wave functions of the two neutrons have large spatial overlap, the matrix element of this interaction becomes larger. On the other hand, two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state, and this is the case for two neutrons. The next optimum case for gaining energy is that the two neutrons are moving on the same orbital but in opposite directions. Because the direction is opposite, the quantum states of the two neutrons are different. In this case, the total angular momentum of the two-neutron system is zero, because the rotation is completely cancelled. In fact, the","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"125 1","pages":"5-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64739090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The validity of the essential ingredients of the microscopic formulation of the interacting boson model: (i) truncation of the shell-model or fermion space and (ii) the procedures for mapping the truncated fermion space on to the boson space, is tested over various (spherical, deformed and transitional) regions both in the simplistic single j-shell, identical boson sys tems and the more realistic multi j-shell, proton-neutron systems depending on the feasibility of such calculations. In the situations where the truncation and mapping procedures fail to reproduce the exact shell-model results, it is demonstrated that renormalization and higher order mapping procedures cure the associated problems, respectively and provide excellent agreements. In addition, a Hamiltonian of the interacting boson-fermion model which is relevant for a study of odd mass nuclei is derived for a single j-shell case in the shell-model framework, which yields results identical to those in the shell-model for the monopole pairing interaction.
{"title":"Microscopic Foundations of the Interacting Boson Model from the Shell-Model Point of View","authors":"N. Yoshinaga, T. Mizusaki, A. Arima, Y. D. Devi","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.125.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.125.65","url":null,"abstract":"The validity of the essential ingredients of the microscopic formulation of the interacting boson model: (i) truncation of the shell-model or fermion space and (ii) the procedures for mapping the truncated fermion space on to the boson space, is tested over various (spherical, deformed and transitional) regions both in the simplistic single j-shell, identical boson sys tems and the more realistic multi j-shell, proton-neutron systems depending on the feasibility of such calculations. In the situations where the truncation and mapping procedures fail to reproduce the exact shell-model results, it is demonstrated that renormalization and higher order mapping procedures cure the associated problems, respectively and provide excellent agreements. In addition, a Hamiltonian of the interacting boson-fermion model which is relevant for a study of odd mass nuclei is derived for a single j-shell case in the shell-model framework, which yields results identical to those in the shell-model for the monopole pairing interaction.","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"61 1","pages":"65-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64739194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neutron spectra below and above the glass transition temperature show a pronounced difference between strong and fragile glass formers in Angell's fragility scheme. The strong anharmonic increase of the inelastic scattering with increasing temperature in fragile sub stances is absent in the strongest glass former SiOz. That difference is reflected in the temperature dependence of Brillouin sound velocities above the glass transition. Coherent inelastic neutron scattering data indicate a mixture of sound waves and local modes at the low frequency boson peak. A relation between the fragility and the temperature dependence of the transverse hypersound velocity at the glass temperature is derived.
{"title":"Inelastic Neutron Scattering from Glass Formers","authors":"U. Buchenau","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.126.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.126.151","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron spectra below and above the glass transition temperature show a pronounced difference between strong and fragile glass formers in Angell's fragility scheme. The strong anharmonic increase of the inelastic scattering with increasing temperature in fragile sub stances is absent in the strongest glass former SiOz. That difference is reflected in the temperature dependence of Brillouin sound velocities above the glass transition. Coherent inelastic neutron scattering data indicate a mixture of sound waves and local modes at the low frequency boson peak. A relation between the fragility and the temperature dependence of the transverse hypersound velocity at the glass temperature is derived.","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"126 1","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64740239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A deeper insight into short, medium and long ranges behaviour of partial structure factors (PSF) measured in the rich metal domain of KxKCL(l-x) solutions as a function of composition shows up that structural changes are characterised by a non-linear perturbation of the screening properties prevailing in the pure metal liquid. Pseudopotential theory for describing the anion-conduction electron interaction, and perturbation calculations must be dropped. The correlation between long wavelength limits of PSF and thermodynamic is particularly difficult to unravel at k = 0. The structural changes observed in neutron diffraction indicate that a better understanding of these correlations consists in treating the correlation between charge fluctuations and atomic concentration fluctuations.
{"title":"Electronic and Ionic Interactions Analyzed through Concentration and Charge Fluctuations in KxKCL(1−x) Mixtures","authors":"L. Hily, J. Dupuy-Philon, J. Jal, P. Chieux","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.126.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.126.373","url":null,"abstract":"A deeper insight into short, medium and long ranges behaviour of partial structure factors (PSF) measured in the rich metal domain of KxKCL(l-x) solutions as a function of composition shows up that structural changes are characterised by a non-linear perturbation of the screening properties prevailing in the pure metal liquid. Pseudopotential theory for describing the anion-conduction electron interaction, and perturbation calculations must be dropped. The correlation between long wavelength limits of PSF and thermodynamic is particularly difficult to unravel at k = 0. The structural changes observed in neutron diffraction indicate that a better understanding of these correlations consists in treating the correlation between charge fluctuations and atomic concentration fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"373-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64742402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The superconductivity in quark matter is investigated by a generalized mean field approximation. If we assume that two quarks interact each other via the one·gluon exchange potential, attractive force appears in the color·triplet and spin-parallel state. Applying a BCS-like theory to the system, it is shown that we obtain a new superconducting state which is more stable than the normal (Fermi gas) state. We also give the explicit expression of the superconducting state. Recently the possibility of strange quark matter1> has been studied by many authors by using various effective models for QCD. In these approaches2> they have supposed that the ground state of the quark matter is a degenerate Fermi gas state where each quark occupies a single-particle state with definite momentum under the Fermi momentum. We think that this assumption is not so evident. If the interac tion between two quarks is attractive and strong enough, the ground state would become a correlated state just like the BCS state in the superconductors rather than the normal state (the Fermi gas state). We will investigate this possibility in this paper. There are several approaches3>.4> to take into account such pairing correlations. They are restricted to the SU(2) quark matter because any two-quark system has color necessarily. In the SU(3), we note that there are three kinds of quark pairs which bear the same color as three kinds of anti-quarks. If such three quark pairs condense in the same way, there may exist a new boson condensate which is a color-singlet state. It is the purpose of this note to discuss such possibility, the color SU(3) superconductivity in the quark matter, by using a mean field approximation. § 2. Attractive force between two quarks First let us consider possibility of appearance of the attractive force between two quarks. We assume the one-gluon exchange potential,5>
{"title":"Pairing Correlation in Quark Matter","authors":"M. Iwasaki","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.120.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.120.187","url":null,"abstract":"The superconductivity in quark matter is investigated by a generalized mean field approximation. If we assume that two quarks interact each other via the one·gluon exchange potential, attractive force appears in the color·triplet and spin-parallel state. Applying a BCS-like theory to the system, it is shown that we obtain a new superconducting state which is more stable than the normal (Fermi gas) state. We also give the explicit expression of the superconducting state. Recently the possibility of strange quark matter1> has been studied by many authors by using various effective models for QCD. In these approaches2> they have supposed that the ground state of the quark matter is a degenerate Fermi gas state where each quark occupies a single-particle state with definite momentum under the Fermi momentum. We think that this assumption is not so evident. If the interac tion between two quarks is attractive and strong enough, the ground state would become a correlated state just like the BCS state in the superconductors rather than the normal state (the Fermi gas state). We will investigate this possibility in this paper. There are several approaches3>.4> to take into account such pairing correlations. They are restricted to the SU(2) quark matter because any two-quark system has color necessarily. In the SU(3), we note that there are three kinds of quark pairs which bear the same color as three kinds of anti-quarks. If such three quark pairs condense in the same way, there may exist a new boson condensate which is a color-singlet state. It is the purpose of this note to discuss such possibility, the color SU(3) superconductivity in the quark matter, by using a mean field approximation. § 2. Attractive force between two quarks First let us consider possibility of appearance of the attractive force between two quarks. We assume the one-gluon exchange potential,5>","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"120 1","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64731209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"30 Years of Mathematical Methods in High Energy Physics","authors":"T. Takayanagi, S. Yahikozawa","doi":"10.1093/ptpsupp.177.NP2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptpsupp.177.NP2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ptpsupp.177.NP2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61190212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A binary liquid of disparate-size hard spheres in a supercooled state near the glass transition is proposed as a convenient model to study the dynamical properties of interacting (classical) particles in a disordered medium. We find unusually strong /1'-relaxation, which is related to the anomalous wavenumber-dependence of De bye-Waller factors in the glass.
{"title":"Motion of Interacting Particles in a Disordered Medium","authors":"J. Bosse, Y. Kaneko","doi":"10.1143/PTP.126.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.126.13","url":null,"abstract":"A binary liquid of disparate-size hard spheres in a supercooled state near the glass transition is proposed as a convenient model to study the dynamical properties of interacting (classical) particles in a disordered medium. We find unusually strong /1'-relaxation, which is related to the anomalous wavenumber-dependence of De bye-Waller factors in the glass.","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"126 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64006238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Yamaya, K. Katori, M. Fujiwara, S. Kato, S. Ohkubo
{"title":"ALPHA-CLUSTER STUDY OF 40CA AND 44TI BY THE (6LI, D) REACTION","authors":"T. Yamaya, K. Katori, M. Fujiwara, S. Kato, S. Ohkubo","doi":"10.1143/PTP.132.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.132.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"132 1","pages":"73-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTP.132.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64022232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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