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Strategic Leadership: An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing Leaders’ Strategic Thinking 战略领导力:影响领导者战略思维因素的实证研究
Pub Date : 2017-05-07 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706865
K. J. Adzeh
Researchers suggest individual differences play a significant role in leaders’ strategic thinking; however, empirical investigation of this topic is sparse. This study drew from the current leadership literature and assessed whether personality traits and information processing styles influence leaders’ strategic thinking. A self-report survey was used to collect data from a random sample of 48 U.S. executives and managers across professions and industries. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experiences, rational engagement, and experiential ability. The results indicate extraversion and agreeableness, in particular, statistically significantly influence leaders’ strategic thinking. This study has practical implications for leadership development and provides a pragmatic framework to identify leaders capable of filling strategic positions across organizations. Finally, further research is recommended to replicate this study and investigate the ways contextual factors may shape this model.
研究人员认为,个体差异在领导者的战略思维中起着重要作用;然而,对这一主题的实证研究很少。本研究从当前的领导力文献中,评估了人格特质和信息处理方式是否会影响领导者的战略思维。一项自我报告调查用于收集来自48名美国各行业高管和经理的随机样本数据。采用多元回归分析测量外倾性、宜人性、尽责性、情绪稳定性、经验开放性、理性投入和经验能力。结果表明,外向性和亲和性对领导者的战略思维有显著的影响。本研究对领导力发展具有实际意义,并提供了一个实用的框架来识别能够填补跨组织战略职位的领导者。最后,建议进一步的研究来重复这项研究,并探讨环境因素可能塑造这一模型的方式。
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引用次数: 5
Personal Sector: A Solution for Speedy and Effective Economic Development in India 个人部门:印度经济快速有效发展的解决方案
Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706664
M. T. Ahmad
The purpose of this paper is to understand and learn about small scale/ household business which is termed as personal sector and its background and study the role in effective economic development in India. Based on the review of the literature, the paper identifies the concept, role, major challenges and trend in personal sector then the concept is discussed in relation with economic development. suggested implications include a more significant emphasis on considering and dealing with the challenges of personal sector, considering all the factors influencing the implementation of policies for attaining speedy and effective economic development through growth in personal sector. The paper evaluates the findings of literature, clarifies the main challenges of personal sector and its contribution towards economic development. giving scope of formulating policies to deal with the challenges and changes and provide basic framework for further studies and analysis.
本文的目的是了解和学习被称为个人部门的小规模/家庭企业及其背景,并研究其在印度有效经济发展中的作用。本文在回顾文献的基础上,明确了个人部门的概念、作用、主要挑战和趋势,并讨论了个人部门与经济发展的关系。所建议的影响包括更重要地强调考虑和处理个人部门的挑战,考虑到影响通过个人部门的增长实现迅速和有效的经济发展的政策执行的所有因素。本文评估了文献的发现,澄清了个人部门的主要挑战及其对经济发展的贡献。为制定应对挑战和变化的政策提供范围,并为进一步的研究和分析提供基本框架。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Financial Management Practices on Success of Small Business Enterprises the Case of Woliso Town, South Weest Shewa, Ethiopia 财务管理实践对小企业成功的影响——以埃塞俄比亚谢瓦西南部沃利索镇为例
Pub Date : 2016-12-27 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706798
Tamiru kumsa Deresa
The study aims to asses’ financial management practice Impact on small business enterprise in Woliso town. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of financial management practices on profitability. The target populations for the study were 135 business organizations found in woliso town. To reach the targeted goal, primary and secondary data were also collected. As to the factor which in inhabit good financial management practices:-Qualified accountants are too expensive to maintain (93%), Accounting records too difficult to understand (87%), Lack of internal accounting staff (73%), the business is too small (73%) were the major factor identified. Lastly, majority of the study show that as financial management practices such as recording, reporting & analysis, working capital management, fixed asset management has positive impact on the profitability (SUCCESS) of the small business and majority of the business firm found in this area. Most Business Enterprises have not appointed financial managers to be in charge of financial management of the company. Therefore, owner of the business should focus on sound financial management practice well. This finding leads to the conclusion that the efficiency of financial management practices and characteristics can bring about higher profitability. Therefore, business organizations can improve profitability by raising the efficiency of financial management practices and characteristics.
本研究旨在评估财务管理实践对Woliso镇小企业的影响。该研究的主要目的是调查财务管理实践对盈利能力的影响。该研究的对象是在月山镇发现的135个商业机构。为了达到目标,还收集了一手和第二手数据。至于影响良好财务管理实践的因素:-聘请合格的会计师费用太高(93%),会计记录太难理解(87%),缺乏内部会计人员(73%),业务太小(73%)是确定的主要因素。最后,大多数研究表明,作为财务管理实践,如记录,报告和分析,营运资金管理,固定资产管理对小企业的盈利能力(成功)有积极的影响,并在这一领域发现了大多数商业公司。大多数企业还没有任命财务经理来负责公司的财务管理。因此,企业主应该注重做好企业的财务管理实践。这一发现可以得出结论,财务管理实践和特征的效率可以带来更高的盈利能力。因此,企业组织可以通过提高财务管理效率的做法和特点来提高盈利能力。
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引用次数: 3
Identification of Risk Factors in Implementation of IT Projects in Pakistan 识别在巴基斯坦实施资讯科技项目的风险因素
Pub Date : 2016-12-24 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706627
Hussaini Ali
The focus of this work is to identify factors such as planning, change in specification, miscommunication, stakeholder, top management, conflicts, project team,  complexity of project, culture and leadership that disturb the effectiveness of the IT project implementation Pakistan. The article presents the individual factor’s negative impact on the successful completion and implementation of the project. A survey has been conducted to check the reliability of variables percentage and frequency distribution for that purposeregression analysis, correlation and Durbin Watson test which check the long run relation and association among variables. The findings reveal overall positive and significant relationship and impact of these factors for effective software development and other IT project. The study provides new insights into the IT projects, as very limited research has been conducted in Pakistan with respect to identification of factors that significantly influence IT industry.
这项工作的重点是确定干扰IT项目实施巴基斯坦有效性的因素,如计划、规范变更、沟通不端、利益相关者、高层管理、冲突、项目团队、项目复杂性、文化和领导力。文章阐述了个别因素对项目顺利完成和实施的负面影响。为了检验变量之间的长期关系和关联,进行了一项调查,以检验变量百分比和频率分布的可靠性,并进行了回归分析,相关性和Durbin Watson检验。研究结果揭示了这些因素对有效的软件开发和其他IT项目的总体积极和显著的关系和影响。该研究为信息技术项目提供了新的见解,因为巴基斯坦在确定对信息技术产业产生重大影响的因素方面进行了非常有限的研究。
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引用次数: 1
The Impacts of Business Process Re-Engineering and Benchmarking on the Firm Performance 业务流程再造与基准管理对企业绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2016-12-05 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706828
Hakan Akdağ, Erkut Altındağ
By the beginning of the 1900s; the change was a quite limited and slow, infrequent phenomenon that faced great challenges. Social changes accelerated and started to be experienced frequently in the new period that started with the development of business management. The changes are faster each day with the development of the intellectual culture and technology. The business world has become smoother and more complex as a result of this rapid change.The main purpose of all activities put forth by enterprises is to make their competitors accept their superiority and maximize their profitability in the market they exist. Today, it is necessary to resort to many modern management techniques and use these techniques in order to ensure this and then make it sustainable. The opinions of business managers on these modern management techniques were measured and it was tried to determine the point that our country exists in terms of such studies as a result of both the literature review and survey study conducted regarding these modern management techniques to which many business managers are acquainted with hearsay information.
到20世纪初;这种变化是一种相当有限和缓慢的、罕见的现象,面临着巨大的挑战。在以企业管理发展为起点的新时期,社会变革加速并开始频繁体验。随着知识文化和技术的发展,变化每天都在加快。由于这种快速变化,商业世界变得更加顺畅和复杂。企业开展一切活动的主要目的是使竞争对手接受自己的优势,使自己在市场上的盈利能力最大化。今天,有必要求助于许多现代管理技术,并使用这些技术来确保这一点,然后使其可持续发展。测量了企业管理者对这些现代管理技术的看法,并试图确定我国在这些研究方面存在的观点,这是由于对这些现代管理技术进行的文献综述和调查研究的结果,许多企业管理者都熟悉传闻信息。
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引用次数: 0
Boosting Employee Productivity; Impact of Employee Motivation on Productivity, Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Ambo 提高员工生产力;员工激励对生产力的影响——以埃塞俄比亚商业银行Ambo为例
Pub Date : 2016-11-27 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706826
Daniel Tadesse Tulu
This case study is undertaken to assess the impact of employee motivation on productivity in commercial bank of Ethiopia Huluka Branch. A qualitative research method was employed for this study. Primary data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to all employees the branch. The result from the study revealed that the bank uses both monetary as well as non-monetary types of employee motivation schemes. Cash rewards, increment of salary within stipulated period of time and provision of loan for house construction or purchase are monetary motivation schemes provided to employee.  Non-monetary mechanisms are like flexible scheduling, knowledge development schemes through short and long term training and education, promotion, appreciation for the best work performance and others. Furthermore, holding other confiding factors motivation has a positive effect in boosting the productivity. Though the bank uses monetary and non-monetary strategies to provoke the employees to kick it forward it is not up to expected and advised to do more for a better effect.
本案例研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚商业银行胡卢卡分行员工激励对生产力的影响。本研究采用质性研究方法。主要数据是通过一份发给分行所有员工的自我管理问卷收集的。研究结果显示,该银行同时使用货币和非货币类型的员工激励计划。现金奖励、规定期限内加薪、提供建房或购房贷款是对员工的货币激励方案。非金钱机制如灵活的工作时间安排、通过短期和长期培训和教育的知识发展计划、晋升、对最佳工作表现的赞赏等。此外,保持其他信任因素的动机对提高生产率有积极的作用。虽然银行使用货币和非货币策略来刺激员工向前推进,但并不符合预期,建议采取更多措施以取得更好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Is No-Fault Auto Insurance the Answer to Liability Concerns of Autonomous Vehicles? 无过错汽车保险是解决自动驾驶汽车责任问题的答案吗?
Pub Date : 2016-11-27 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706816
A. Eastman
Automotive travel will change dramatically as technological advances shift more driver functions to computers, cameras, and sensors.  Ultimately, drivers will become a thing of the past and all Americans will become passengers in fully self-driving vehicles.  Automobile ownership may decline as ride-sharing services utilizing autonomous vehicles proliferate.  Fundamental changes in how Americans get from one location to another necessitate a change in how liability is assessed and damages are paid in the event of automobile accidents.   No longer will human error (driver negligence) be the cause of most automobile accidents.  Complexities and costs involved with determining who should be responsible for damages may cause regulators, insurance companies, and consumers to reconsider the benefits of no-fault automobile insurance.  Revised no-fault automobile insurance can provide fair compensation while keeping uncertainty about liability from deterring the advancement and implementation of autonomous vehicle technologies.
随着技术进步将更多的驾驶功能转移到计算机、摄像头和传感器上,汽车旅行将发生巨大变化。最终,司机将成为历史,所有美国人都将成为全自动驾驶汽车的乘客。随着使用自动驾驶汽车的拼车服务激增,汽车保有量可能会下降。美国人从一个地方到另一个地方的交通方式发生了根本性的变化,这就要求在发生汽车事故时如何评估责任和赔偿损失。人为失误(司机疏忽)将不再是大多数汽车事故的原因。确定谁应该对损害负责的复杂性和成本可能会导致监管机构、保险公司和消费者重新考虑无过错汽车保险的好处。修订后的无过错汽车保险可以提供公平的赔偿,同时防止责任的不确定性阻碍自动驾驶汽车技术的进步和实施。
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引用次数: 6
The Impact of Accounting Information and Macroeconomic Variables on the Stocks Market Prices of Saudi Stock Exchange. 会计信息和宏观经济变量对沙特证券交易所股票市场价格的影响
Pub Date : 2016-04-28 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706779
Khaled Hasan Zubdeh
The main aim of this study is to analyze the financial and microeconomic information, and to find the relationship between these information and its impact upon the stock prices of selected companies in Saudi Arabia stock exchange. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method for the purpose of the study, to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher used gathered the monthly information of the stock price of the selected companies using financial ratios and historical data of interest rate, inflation rate, oil prices and exchange rate, the researcher adopted various statistical tests, single regression method to examine each hypotheses separately, t-test to test the effect of every independent variable on the dependent variable in single regression method. Also F-test was used to examine the effect of more than one variable on the dependent variable in the same time. The main finding of this study was the Saudi Arabia stock market like any other stock exchange responds to the changes in market information which is reflected directly on the stock prices.
本研究的主要目的是分析金融和微观经济信息,并找到这些信息及其对沙特阿拉伯证券交易所选定公司股价的影响之间的关系。为了研究目的,研究者采用了描述性分析方法,为了达到研究目的,研究者使用财务比率和利率,通货膨胀率,油价和汇率的历史数据收集了所选公司的股票价格的月度信息,研究者采用了各种统计检验,单回归方法分别检验每个假设。t检验在单回归方法中检验每个自变量对因变量的影响。同时采用f检验检验多个变量同时对因变量的影响。本研究的主要发现是沙特阿拉伯股票市场像任何其他证券交易所一样对市场信息的变化做出反应,这直接反映在股票价格上。
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引用次数: 3
Self-Driving Vehicles: Can Legal and Regulatory Change Keep Up With New Technology? 自动驾驶汽车:法律和监管变革能否跟上新技术的步伐?
Pub Date : 2016-04-25 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706763
A. Eastman
Automotive travel in the United States will change dramatically in the next decades as technological advances shift more driver functions to computers, cameras, and sensors.  Fully self-driving automation may be distant, but rapidly approaching is limited self-driving automation, which involves giving automation control of all safety-critical functions under certain traffic or environmental conditions, with the expectation that human drivers will resume control as needed.  Emphasis has been placed on the technological changes and capabilities, and their attendant benefits, rather than on driver capabilities and necessary driver training.  To secure the benefits of automation, driver training is essential.  Anecdotal evidence suggests that drivers don’t understand existing technologies, let alone emerging technology required for autonomous vehicle operation.  State legislative activity regarding autonomous vehicles is just beginning, but accelerating.  Now is the time to develop uniform standards and frameworks for manufacturers and drivers to ensure an effective and efficient transition to autonomous vehicles.
随着技术进步将更多的驾驶功能转移到电脑、摄像头和传感器上,美国的汽车旅行将在未来几十年发生巨大变化。完全的自动驾驶自动化可能还很遥远,但迅速接近的是有限的自动驾驶自动化,它涉及在某些交通或环境条件下让自动化控制所有安全关键功能,并期望人类驾驶员在需要时恢复控制。重点一直放在技术变革和能力及其带来的好处上,而不是放在驾驶员能力和必要的驾驶员培训上。为了确保自动化带来的好处,驾驶员培训至关重要。坊间证据表明,司机不了解现有的技术,更不用说自动驾驶汽车所需的新兴技术了。各州关于自动驾驶汽车的立法活动才刚刚开始,但正在加速。现在是时候为制造商和司机制定统一的标准和框架,以确保有效和高效地过渡到自动驾驶汽车。
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引用次数: 1
Critical Factors Hindering Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Research 阻碍农民参与农业科研的关键因素
Pub Date : 2016-04-25 DOI: 10.11634/216796061706769
D. Bayissa
Agriculture is one of the key drivers of Ethiopia’s long-term development and food security. It supports 85% of the total population, constitutes 43% of GDP and 80% of export value. For the country to reach middle-income prestige by 2025 and make significant inroads against food insecurity, strategic choices and concerted and strategic investments in agricultural sector are vigorous. The government of Ethiopia has put maximum efforts to increase agricultural output. However, increments in agricultural production and productivity, the expected benefits, have not been achieved yet. Low agricultural production and productivity is the major cause of food insecurity in the country emanating from lack of suitable technologies for beneficiaries, low adoption of agricultural innovations, and lack of active participation of farmers in agricultural research. Therefore, this study examines critical factors that hinder farmers’ participation in agricultural research in Ethiopia. A total sample size of 39 respondents comprising 16 farmers, 14 researchers and 9 development agents were interviewed purposively based on snowball sampling technique. Qualitative research design was used in this research. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observations and analysed descriptively. The empirical results reveal that lack of sufficient time, bad experiences in the past, perception of farmers’ for researchers, farmer’s attitude for research, the type of research, lack of stakeholder’s willingness to learn from one another, loose integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge and insignificant change of new technologies to material wealth critically hindered farmer’s participation in agricultural research to bring innovation in agriculture.
农业是埃塞俄比亚长期发展和粮食安全的关键驱动力之一。它支持85%的人口,占GDP的43%和出口价值的80%。为了使该国到2025年达到中等收入水平,并在消除粮食不安全方面取得重大进展,在农业部门进行战略选择和协调一致的战略投资是积极的。埃塞俄比亚政府已尽最大努力提高农业产量。然而,农业生产和生产力的增加,即预期的好处,尚未实现。农业生产和生产力低下是该国粮食不安全的主要原因,其原因是受益者缺乏合适的技术、农业创新的采用率低以及农民缺乏积极参与农业研究。因此,本研究考察了阻碍埃塞俄比亚农民参与农业研究的关键因素。采用滚雪球抽样法,有目的地访问了39名调查对象,包括16名农民、14名研究人员和9名发展代理人。本研究采用质性研究设计。数据通过半结构化访谈、焦点小组讨论和观察收集,并进行描述性分析。实证结果表明,缺乏足够的时间、过去的不良经历、农民对研究人员的认知、农民对研究的态度、研究类型、利益相关者缺乏相互学习的意愿、本土知识和科学知识的松散整合以及新技术对物质财富的微小变化严重阻碍了农民参与农业研究以带来农业创新。
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引用次数: 0
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American Journal of Business and Management
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