Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.11634/216796061706313
C. Anyango, N. Obange, E. Abeka, G. Ondiek, Odhiambo Odera, M. Ayugi
Trade unions have been used to settle disputes between members and management, the implementation of changes and securing adequate representation of members in government, public and private sector. The objective of this research was to determine factors affecting performance of Kenya National Union of Teachers (KNUT). The research was a cross- sectional survey done in Nyando District, Kisumu, Kenya using structured and unstructured questionnaire administered to KNUT officials and the teachers. Sample size used was 352 comprising of 341 teachers and 11 KNUT officials. Face to face interview technique was adopted for this study and descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The findings of this research indicate that only 71.6 % of the teachers are members of KNUT, the remaining 28.4 % are not. The factors affecting performance of the union were observed as financial, declining membership, political interference among others and this has worsened the performance of the union in the district. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"Factors Affecting Performance of Trade Unions in Kenya","authors":"C. Anyango, N. Obange, E. Abeka, G. Ondiek, Odhiambo Odera, M. Ayugi","doi":"10.11634/216796061706313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706313","url":null,"abstract":"Trade unions have been used to settle disputes between members and management, the implementation of changes and securing adequate representation of members in government, public and private sector. The objective of this research was to determine factors affecting performance of Kenya National Union of Teachers (KNUT). The research was a cross- sectional survey done in Nyando District, Kisumu, Kenya using structured and unstructured questionnaire administered to KNUT officials and the teachers. Sample size used was 352 comprising of 341 teachers and 11 KNUT officials. Face to face interview technique was adopted for this study and descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The findings of this research indicate that only 71.6 % of the teachers are members of KNUT, the remaining 28.4 % are not. The factors affecting performance of the union were observed as financial, declining membership, political interference among others and this has worsened the performance of the union in the district. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115270277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.11634/216796061706228
J. Minifie, Kathryn Davis
During the 2011-2012 academic year, a teaching method was tested that yielded strong improvements in test scores, greater depth of analysis in projects, an increased level of class participation, and higher attendance rates. This case study discusses how class preparation assignments were used with a dual grading system in an active learning environment to achieve these outcomes. The case concludes with an analysis of the class grades and attendance records, quotes from two student interviews, and a year-to-year comparison of the faculty evaluations for each benchmark course.
{"title":"Ensuring Gen Y Students Come Prepared for Class; then Leveraging Active Learning Techniques to Most Effectively Engage Them","authors":"J. Minifie, Kathryn Davis","doi":"10.11634/216796061706228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706228","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2011-2012 academic year, a teaching method was tested that yielded strong improvements in test scores, greater depth of analysis in projects, an increased level of class participation, and higher attendance rates. This case study discusses how class preparation assignments were used with a dual grading system in an active learning environment to achieve these outcomes. The case concludes with an analysis of the class grades and attendance records, quotes from two student interviews, and a year-to-year comparison of the faculty evaluations for each benchmark course.","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124049559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I-Chao Lee, Yu-Je Lee, Chang Hui-lin, Chin-Lang Lin
The major purpose of this study is to explore, by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the influence of interaction on organizational effectiveness between organizational change and organizational culture respectively associated with investment for cloud computing technologies. The study objects are employees from senior nursing agencies in Taiwan, adopting the Convenience Sampling to select samples from the population, applying the method of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to verify the goodness-of-fit effects between Overall Model, Structure Model and Measurement Model in this study. The finding shows that while the nursing agencies under existing organizational culture are implementing the organizational changes, the investment for Cloud Computing Technologies has made significant positive moderating effect on organizational effectiveness. This implies senior nursing agencies in Taiwan should increase investment for cloud computing technologies like enhancement in computer networking.
{"title":"The Influence of Organizational Change and Culture on Organizational Effectiveness of Senior Nursing Agencies in Taiwan: Using a Moderator of Investment for Cloud Computing Technologies","authors":"I-Chao Lee, Yu-Je Lee, Chang Hui-lin, Chin-Lang Lin","doi":"10.11634/21679606170642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/21679606170642","url":null,"abstract":"The major purpose of this study is to explore, by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the influence of interaction on organizational effectiveness between organizational change and organizational culture respectively associated with investment for cloud computing technologies. The study objects are employees from senior nursing agencies in Taiwan, adopting the Convenience Sampling to select samples from the population, applying the method of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to verify the goodness-of-fit effects between Overall Model, Structure Model and Measurement Model in this study. The finding shows that while the nursing agencies under existing organizational culture are implementing the organizational changes, the investment for Cloud Computing Technologies has made significant positive moderating effect on organizational effectiveness. This implies senior nursing agencies in Taiwan should increase investment for cloud computing technologies like enhancement in computer networking.","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123676580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.11634/216796061706212
R. Ojokuku, T. A. Odetayo, A. Sajuyigbe
The study examined the impact of leadership style on organizational performance in selected Banks, in Ibadan Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a total of sixty (60) respondents as sample for the study, while relevant data was gathered with the aid of a structured questionnaire. One hypothesis was formulated and inferential statistical tool was used to analyze the data specifically Pearson product moment correlation was used to examine the relationship between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance, while Regression analysis was used to examine the significant effect of leadership style dimensions on followers and performance. Findings showed positive and negative correlation between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance. It was also found that leadership style dimensions jointly predict organizational performance, which counted for 23% variance of performance. The study concluded that transformational and democratic leadership style should be employed by the Banks’ management in order to wax stronger in a global competitive environment.
{"title":"Impact of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Nigerian Banks","authors":"R. Ojokuku, T. A. Odetayo, A. Sajuyigbe","doi":"10.11634/216796061706212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706212","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the impact of leadership style on organizational performance in selected Banks, in Ibadan Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a total of sixty (60) respondents as sample for the study, while relevant data was gathered with the aid of a structured questionnaire. One hypothesis was formulated and inferential statistical tool was used to analyze the data specifically Pearson product moment correlation was used to examine the relationship between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance, while Regression analysis was used to examine the significant effect of leadership style dimensions on followers and performance. Findings showed positive and negative correlation between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance. It was also found that leadership style dimensions jointly predict organizational performance, which counted for 23% variance of performance. The study concluded that transformational and democratic leadership style should be employed by the Banks’ management in order to wax stronger in a global competitive environment.","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"46 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114024497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper seeks to investigate Small and Medium Enterprises as a veritable tool in Economic Growth and Development. A survey method was used to gather data from 200 SME/Entrepreneurial officers and Managers from five selected local government in Nigeria namely; Ijebu North, Yewa South, Sagamu, Odeda and Ogun Waterside Local government. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with several descriptive statistics to identify the perception of the roles of SMEs in Nigeria. The results of the study therefore reveals that the most common constraints hindering small and medium scale business growth in Nigeria are lack of financial support, poor management, corruption, lack of training and experience, poor infrastructure, insufficient profits, and low demand for product and services. Hence, it therefore recommends that Government should as matter of urgency assist prospective entrepreneurs to have access to finance and necessary information relating to business opportunities, modern technology, raw materials, market, plant and machinery which would enable them to reduce their operating cost and be more efficient to meet the market competitions.
{"title":"Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises on Economic Growth and Development","authors":"Muritala Taiwo, Awolaja M Ayodeji, Bako A Yusuf","doi":"10.11634/21679606170644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/21679606170644","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to investigate Small and Medium Enterprises as a veritable tool in Economic Growth and Development. A survey method was used to gather data from 200 SME/Entrepreneurial officers and Managers from five selected local government in Nigeria namely; Ijebu North, Yewa South, Sagamu, Odeda and Ogun Waterside Local government. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with several descriptive statistics to identify the perception of the roles of SMEs in Nigeria. The results of the study therefore reveals that the most common constraints hindering small and medium scale business growth in Nigeria are lack of financial support, poor management, corruption, lack of training and experience, poor infrastructure, insufficient profits, and low demand for product and services. Hence, it therefore recommends that Government should as matter of urgency assist prospective entrepreneurs to have access to finance and necessary information relating to business opportunities, modern technology, raw materials, market, plant and machinery which would enable them to reduce their operating cost and be more efficient to meet the market competitions.","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131911699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.11634/216796061706247
Douglas H. Flint, Lynn M. Haley, Jeffrey J. McNally
Procedural justice has shown significant linkages to organizational outcomes such as organizational commitment and turnover. For this reason, we propose that measures of procedural justice can serve a diagnostic function to signal potential problems with important organizational-level outcomes. However, if used alone, it does not tell us which specific procedures require change in order to resolve potential problems. This study proposes, and tests, a methodology which combines general measures of procedural justice with measures of perceptions of specific procedures in order to diagnose problems with organizational outcomes. This is tested in two call centers. The research design employs a survey of randomly selected employees from the call centers. The effects of a general measure of procedural justice on the organizational outcomes of turnover intentions and organizational commitment are examined. Further, we examine the effects of attitudes towards specific monitoring procedures on a general measure of procedural justice. Baron and Kenny’s statistical methodology is employed to test these relationships; to show that procedural justice mediates the effect of employee perceptions of monitoring on turnover intentions and organizational commitment. Our findings support complete mediation effects. The implications of these findings are that general perceptions of procedural justice can be used to screen for potential problems with organizational outcomes. If general effects are found, organizations can employ more specific measures of organizational procedures to target procedural problems. The methodology proposed here has the potential to identify specific procedures that organizations can focus on in order to improve organizational outcomes. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
{"title":"A Diagnostic Method for Procedural Justice","authors":"Douglas H. Flint, Lynn M. Haley, Jeffrey J. McNally","doi":"10.11634/216796061706247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706247","url":null,"abstract":"Procedural justice has shown significant linkages to organizational outcomes such as organizational commitment and turnover. For this reason, we propose that measures of procedural justice can serve a diagnostic function to signal potential problems with important organizational-level outcomes. However, if used alone, it does not tell us which specific procedures require change in order to resolve potential problems. This study proposes, and tests, a methodology which combines general measures of procedural justice with measures of perceptions of specific procedures in order to diagnose problems with organizational outcomes. This is tested in two call centers. The research design employs a survey of randomly selected employees from the call centers. The effects of a general measure of procedural justice on the organizational outcomes of turnover intentions and organizational commitment are examined. Further, we examine the effects of attitudes towards specific monitoring procedures on a general measure of procedural justice. Baron and Kenny’s statistical methodology is employed to test these relationships; to show that procedural justice mediates the effect of employee perceptions of monitoring on turnover intentions and organizational commitment. Our findings support complete mediation effects. The implications of these findings are that general perceptions of procedural justice can be used to screen for potential problems with organizational outcomes. If general effects are found, organizations can employ more specific measures of organizational procedures to target procedural problems. The methodology proposed here has the potential to identify specific procedures that organizations can focus on in order to improve organizational outcomes. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-priority:99; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0in; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 text-align:justify; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:11.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \u0000 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \u0000 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \u0000 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133637495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-11DOI: 10.11634/216796061706276
Kimberly M. Green
The hit-rate perspective on innovation contends that firms cannot improve their success rates and, so, can increase their number of successes only by making more attempts. On the other hand, an organizational learning perspective suggests that firms can increase proficiency with processes they perform repeatedly. Basing hypotheses on these two perspectives, this study considers how a firm’s percentage of launches, or hits, from its new product development (NPD) portfolio is related to characteristics of its on-going NPD activity. The setting is drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, and the analysis uses panel data for 77 firms over the years 1997 – 2006. The launch rate measure considers that drugs either are launched or are dropped from the portfolio when development is discontinued. Results reveal a negative relationship between the number of projects in the portfolio and the launch rate. There is an inverted-U curvilinear relationship between the percentage of projects that are newly initiated and the launch rate. The test of an interaction indicates that launch rate decreases with increases in the percent of new projects in knowledge categories that are new to the firm. These results imply that project portfolios characterized by activity that is a stretch from the base of experience tend to exhibit lower launch rates. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"Experience and the Hit Rate for Entrepreneurial Initiatives","authors":"Kimberly M. Green","doi":"10.11634/216796061706276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706276","url":null,"abstract":"The hit-rate perspective on innovation contends that firms cannot improve their success rates and, so, can increase their number of successes only by making more attempts. On the other hand, an organizational learning perspective suggests that firms can increase proficiency with processes they perform repeatedly. Basing hypotheses on these two perspectives, this study considers how a firm’s percentage of launches, or hits, from its new product development (NPD) portfolio is related to characteristics of its on-going NPD activity. The setting is drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, and the analysis uses panel data for 77 firms over the years 1997 – 2006. The launch rate measure considers that drugs either are launched or are dropped from the portfolio when development is discontinued. Results reveal a negative relationship between the number of projects in the portfolio and the launch rate. There is an inverted-U curvilinear relationship between the percentage of projects that are newly initiated and the launch rate. The test of an interaction indicates that launch rate decreases with increases in the percent of new projects in knowledge categories that are new to the firm. These results imply that project portfolios characterized by activity that is a stretch from the base of experience tend to exhibit lower launch rates. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126673016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-11DOI: 10.11634/216796061706283
Nhat Nguyen Cong, Dung Nguyen Van, Tinh Hoang Huu
The purpose of any motivation programme is to motivate the organization’s employees to enable them work effectively. However, motivating employees is not an easy thing as what motivates employees differs among people. This paper intended to establish a set of factors that can motivate employees of Construction Joinst Stock Corporation (PVNC) and to establish the policy implications of these factors for managing staff of the PVNC. Questionnaire as research instrument was used and floated to 109. In total, 70 usable responses were received which were analyzed through SPSS 17.0 and used T-test statistic, ANOVA analysis, and linear regression. Results showed that good salary is the most important motivational factor followed by Opportunity for promotion. The paper revealed that these two factors are not the only factors that are needed to motivate employees of the PVNC. Other factors, including Supervisory practices and relations with authorities and Organization’s policies, are equally important depending on the type of motivational theory that is adopted. The study finally stresses the avoidance of disparities in pay/reward among staff of the same rank as a strategy to motivate and retain high quality staff in the PVNC. The study thus raises red flags that warn the management to be extra careful in their attempt to motivate staff of PVNC for effective. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"Effects of Motivation on Employees’ Performance at Petrovietnam Nghe An Construction Joinst Stock Corporation","authors":"Nhat Nguyen Cong, Dung Nguyen Van, Tinh Hoang Huu","doi":"10.11634/216796061706283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706283","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of any motivation programme is to motivate the organization’s employees to enable them work effectively. However, motivating employees is not an easy thing as what motivates employees differs among people. This paper intended to establish a set of factors that can motivate employees of Construction Joinst Stock Corporation (PVNC) and to establish the policy implications of these factors for managing staff of the PVNC. Questionnaire as research instrument was used and floated to 109. In total, 70 usable responses were received which were analyzed through SPSS 17.0 and used T-test statistic, ANOVA analysis, and linear regression. Results showed that good salary is the most important motivational factor followed by Opportunity for promotion. The paper revealed that these two factors are not the only factors that are needed to motivate employees of the PVNC. Other factors, including Supervisory practices and relations with authorities and Organization’s policies, are equally important depending on the type of motivational theory that is adopted. The study finally stresses the avoidance of disparities in pay/reward among staff of the same rank as a strategy to motivate and retain high quality staff in the PVNC. The study thus raises red flags that warn the management to be extra careful in their attempt to motivate staff of PVNC for effective. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131426013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-11DOI: 10.11634/216796061706275
Patricia C. Borstorff, Mark Hearn, Falynn Turley
Do attitudes toward globalization change with economic conditions? This paper compares student attitudes during an economic expansion with student attitudes during an economic recession. Globalization has resulted in lower prices, more choices, and a blurring of the lines of national identity for many products. Its impact also includes loss of domestic jobs, trade disputes, and challenges to national sovereignty by organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Two surveys were administered in the College of Commerce and Business Administration at an AACSB-accredited southeastern United States university. The first took place in 2003 while the region was enjoying low unemployment and a vigorous economic expansion. The second was administered in 2009 during a time of significantly higher unemployment and economic recession. The 2003 survey found very positive views towards most aspects of globalization. In contrast, the second survey during markedly more depressed economic times found students were more concerned with their own self-interest, preferring less government interference and less globalization. The results suggest that attempts to promote trade agreements should consider economic conditions as part of their process of developing public support. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"Globalization and the Economy: What Students Think","authors":"Patricia C. Borstorff, Mark Hearn, Falynn Turley","doi":"10.11634/216796061706275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706275","url":null,"abstract":"Do attitudes toward globalization change with economic conditions? This paper compares student attitudes during an economic expansion with student attitudes during an economic recession. Globalization has resulted in lower prices, more choices, and a blurring of the lines of national identity for many products. Its impact also includes loss of domestic jobs, trade disputes, and challenges to national sovereignty by organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Two surveys were administered in the College of Commerce and Business Administration at an AACSB-accredited southeastern United States university. The first took place in 2003 while the region was enjoying low unemployment and a vigorous economic expansion. The second was administered in 2009 during a time of significantly higher unemployment and economic recession. The 2003 survey found very positive views towards most aspects of globalization. In contrast, the second survey during markedly more depressed economic times found students were more concerned with their own self-interest, preferring less government interference and less globalization. The results suggest that attempts to promote trade agreements should consider economic conditions as part of their process of developing public support. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122973154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-11DOI: 10.11634/216796061706279
Z. Awino
The Top Management Team diversity discussed in the study is the extent to which the executive team is heterogeneous with respect to gender, age, academic qualifications, tenure, professional qualifications and functional backgrounds and how this aids quality decisions in the banking sector. Furthermore the study suggests that top management characteristics, specifically their demographic configuration could impair decision making which is the main objective and focus. Other researchers have shown that workforce diversity can provide positive organizational outcomes such as increased morale, higher satisfaction, greater commitment and improved performance. The questionnaire was the main tool of data collection. Cross sectional survey was adapted as the methodology of research where the target respondents were Heads of Human Resources in 43 banks. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The TMT diversity attributes under study were age, gender, academic qualifications, tenure in the bank and at the top, professional and functional background diversity. These variables were used to determine the existing gaps in knowledge, whether these attributes were crucial in making quality decisions. The study also used secondary data obtained from the Banking sector to measure performance in terms of increase in customer deposits, increase in average assets and profit before tax. The study established that tenure in the banking sector has a major implication in the quality of decisions made within the Top Management Teams of organizations. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
{"title":"Diversity Management Strategies and Quality Decisions in the Banking Sector","authors":"Z. Awino","doi":"10.11634/216796061706279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11634/216796061706279","url":null,"abstract":"The Top Management Team diversity discussed in the study is the extent to which the executive team is heterogeneous with respect to gender, age, academic qualifications, tenure, professional qualifications and functional backgrounds and how this aids quality decisions in the banking sector. Furthermore the study suggests that top management characteristics, specifically their demographic configuration could impair decision making which is the main objective and focus. Other researchers have shown that workforce diversity can provide positive organizational outcomes such as increased morale, higher satisfaction, greater commitment and improved performance. The questionnaire was the main tool of data collection. Cross sectional survey was adapted as the methodology of research where the target respondents were Heads of Human Resources in 43 banks. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The TMT diversity attributes under study were age, gender, academic qualifications, tenure in the bank and at the top, professional and functional background diversity. These variables were used to determine the existing gaps in knowledge, whether these attributes were crucial in making quality decisions. The study also used secondary data obtained from the Banking sector to measure performance in terms of increase in customer deposits, increase in average assets and profit before tax. The study established that tenure in the banking sector has a major implication in the quality of decisions made within the Top Management Teams of organizations. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA","PeriodicalId":206506,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business and Management","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132080356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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