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Anniversary Meeting. November 30, 1854 周年会议。1854年11月30日
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1854.0063
Mr. Paget, on the part of the Auditors of the Treasurer s Ac • counts, announced that the total receipts during the past year, including a balance of £1006 17s. Id. carried from the account of the preceding year, amounted to £4252 12s. 0d., and that the total expenditure, including an investment of £800 in the hunds, was £3208 12s. 3d., leaving a balance in the hands of the Treasurer ot £1043 19s. 9 d. The thanks of the Society were voted to the Treasurer and Auditors.
佩吉特先生代表司库帐目审计员宣布,过去一年的收入总额,包括余额100617英镑。Id。从前一年的帐目中结转,共达4252英镑。0 d。总支出,包括数百英镑的投资,为3208.12英镑。3 d。在司库手中留下了104319英镑的余额。协会的感谢票投给了司库和审计员。
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引用次数: 0
Anniversary Meeting. November 30, 1857 周年会议。1857年11月30日
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1857.0005
Mr. Gassiot reported, on the part of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts, that the total receipts during the past year, including proceeds of the sale of j61500 Consols and a balance of ^47 9s. due to the Society’s Banker, amount to ^4841 18s. 4c?.; and that the total expenditure during the same period amounts to ^4814 12s. 8c?., leaving a balance in the hands of the Treasurer of 2/ os. 8 The thanks of the Society were voted to the Treasurer and Auditors. The President announced that Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., had been re-elected by the Council a Trustee of the Soane Museum.
加西奥先生根据财务帐目审计员的报告,过去一年的收入总额,包括出售61500美元的收入和479美元的结余。由于该协会的银行家,金额达4841美元。4 c ?。而同一时期的总开支为481412美元。8 c ?。在财务主管的手中留下了一笔余额。协会的感谢票投给了司库和审计员。主席宣布,理事会再次选举菲利普·德·马尔帕斯·格雷·埃格顿爵士为索恩博物馆的受托人。
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引用次数: 0
IV. On Chondrosteus,an extinct genus of fish allied to the sturionidæ 关于软骨鱼,一种已灭绝的鱼属,与鲟鱼科有亲缘关系
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1857.0055
P. D. M. Grey Egerton
Before the conclusion of his great work on Fossil Fishes, Pro­ fessor Agassiz recognized in some fragmentary remains found in the lias strata at Lyme Regis, unmistakeable evidence of the existence, at that period of the earth’s deposition, of a representative of the still extant family of the Sturgeons. To this extinct fish he assigned the name Chondrosteus. The author of the present memoir has been enabled, by the examination of numerous specimens more re­ cently acquired, to describe in some detail the external features of the fish, and the structural peculiarities of those portions of the exoand endo-skeleton which have been preserved. In the former respect the fossil differs from the recent sturgeon in having a shorter and deeper trunk, in the greater vertical expanse and wider diver­ gence of the lobes of the caudal fin, in the median position of the dorsal fin, and in the absence of dermal plates on the back, belly, and flanks. Before describing the cranial anatomy, the author points out certain homologies between the head-plates of the recent sturgeon and the epicranial bones of the teleostean fishes, more especially with reference to the parietals, mastoids and frontals ; and explains that these conclusions have resulted from the examination of the inner table of skull, where the relative position and propor­ tions of the component plates are constant, however much the outer or dermal layer may vary. The remainder of the memoir is devoted to detailed descriptions of such parts as are preserved in the several specimens; and the author concludes by stating as the result of his investigations, that Professor Agassiz was right in referring the liasic fish to the Sturionidse; that in some respects it evidenced a transitional form between the latter family and the more typical ganoids; that its food was similar to that of the existing members of the family, but that it was procured in a tranquil sea, rather than in the tumultuous waters frequented by sturgeons of the present time.
在他关于鱼类化石的伟大著作结束之前,阿加西斯教授从莱姆里吉斯海底地层中发现的一些残片残骸中发现了确凿的证据,证明在地球沉积的那个时期,存在着一种仍然存在的鲟鱼科的代表。他把这种灭绝的鱼命名为软骨鱼。本回忆录的作者,通过对最近获得的许多标本的研究,已经能够比较详细地描述这种鱼的外部特征,以及保存下来的外骨骼和内骨骼部分的结构特点。就前者而言,该化石与现代鲟鱼的不同之处在于,它的躯干更短、更深,尾鳍裂片的垂直延伸更大、垂度更宽,背鳍位于中间位置,背部、腹部和两侧没有皮板。在描述颅骨解剖之前,作者指出了近代鲟鱼的头板与硬骨鱼类的颅外骨之间的某些同源性,特别是在顶骨、乳突和额骨方面;他解释说,这些结论是由对颅骨内表的检查得出的,在那里,各组成板的相对位置和比例是恒定的,然而外层或真皮层可能会有很大的变化。回忆录的其余部分详细描述了保存在几个标本中的这些部分;作者最后说,根据他的调查结果,阿加西斯教授把这种有刺的鱼和刺鱼联系在一起,这是对的;在某些方面,它证明了后一科和更典型的类目动物之间的过渡形式;它的食物与现存的鲟鱼家族成员的食物相似,但它是在平静的海洋中捕获的,而不是在现在鲟鱼经常出没的喧嚣水域中捕获的。
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引用次数: 0
Papers of the Society, November 21, 1861 《学会会刊》1861年11月21日
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1860.0095
Foreign Secretary.—William Hallows Miller, Esq., M.A. Other Members of the Council.'—John Couch Adams, Esq., M.A., D.C.L.; Sir William George Armstrong, C .B .; Benjamin Guy Babington, M.D. ; Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, Bart., D .C.L.; George Bowdler Buckton, E sq.; William Benjamin Carpenter, M .D .; Sir Philip de Malpas G. Egerton, Bart. ; William Fairbairn, LL .D .; Captain Douglas Galton, R .E .; William Robert Grove, Esq., M.A., Q.C.; William Hopkins, Esq., M.A., LL.D. ; John Lubbock, Esq.; James Paget, Esq.; Joseph Prestwich, Esq.; William Spottiswoode, Esq., M .A .; John Tyndall, Esq. Dr. W. B. Carpenter, Mr. Gassiot, Mr. Lubbock, Dr. W. A. Miller and Dr. John Webster, having been nominated by the President, were elected by ballot Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts on the part of the Society.
外交大臣。——威廉·哈洛斯·米勒先生,文学硕士其他理事会成员。——约翰·库奇·亚当斯先生文学硕士,文学博士;威廉·乔治·阿姆斯特朗爵士,c.b.;Benjamin Guy Babington,医学博士;本杰明·柯林斯·布罗迪爵士,巴特,d.c.l;George Bowdler Buckton, E sq.;威廉·本杰明·卡彭特,医学博士;菲利普·德·马尔帕斯·埃格顿爵士,巴特;威廉·费尔贝恩,法学博士;道格拉斯·高尔顿船长,r.e.;威廉·罗伯特·格罗夫先生,文学硕士,文学学士;威廉·霍普金斯先生。,文学硕士,法学博士;约翰·拉伯克先生;詹姆斯·佩吉特先生;约瑟夫·普雷斯特维奇先生;威廉·斯波蒂斯伍德先生。m .;约翰·廷德尔先生。经会长提名的w·b·卡彭特博士、加西奥先生、拉伯克先生、w·a·米勒博士和约翰·韦伯斯特博士经投票选举当选为协会财务会计审计员。
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引用次数: 0
III. On the action of ozone on nuclei 3关于臭氧对原子核的作用
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1878.0049
C. Tomlinson
After the reading of my paper on the 21st ultimo, Professor Stokes was so good as to suggest that some of my experiments should be repeated with ozone, prepared by the action of a coil, instead of that of phosphorus. Professor Guthrie was so kind as to furnish me with a couple of bottles of ozone, prepared by sending oxygen slowly through Wills’s generator in connexion with an induction coil.
斯托克斯教授看了我最后一天的论文后,好心地建议我用臭氧代替磷来做一些实验,臭氧是用线圈产生的。格斯里教授好心地给我提供了两瓶臭氧,是用感应线圈把氧气缓慢地送入威尔斯的发生器来制备的。
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引用次数: 0
XXVIII. On the mechanical description of curves 第二十八章。关于曲线的力学描述
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1869.0022
W. H. Russell
Let A, B, C be three wheels rolling in one another (fig. 1); they may of course be supposed to describe simultaneously the angles mθ, nθ, rθ, when m, n,and r are constant. Let α, β, γ be three nuts situated on A, B, C respectively, at distances a, b, c from their centres. Then if these nuts work in horizontal bars (as exemplified in many sewing-machines), the bars will descend vertically through the spaces a sin mθ, b sin nθ, c sin rθ respectively. We may combine all these vertical motions together; for if vertical rods be attached to the horizontal bars, and a cord fixed at Q, pass over the pulleys a1, A2, a3 b1 , B2, b3, c1, C2, c3, as shown in the figure, the other extremity Q1 will describe the space a sin mθ + b sin nθ + c sin rθ. By this contrivance we are able to combine any number of vertical descents, so that it is readily seen that a sin (mθ + α) + b sin (nθ + β ) + &c. may be described mechanically. A machine on the same principle as this had been previously invented by Mr. Bashforth.
设A、B、C为三个相互滚动的轮子(图1);当然,它们可以同时描述角度mθ, nθ, rθ,当m, n, r为常数时。设α, β, γ为三个坚果,分别位于A, B, C上,离中心距离为A, B, C。然后,如果这些螺帽在水平条上工作(就像许多缝纫机上的例子一样),这些条将分别垂直穿过空间a sin mθ, b sin nθ, c sin rθ。我们可以把所有这些垂直运动结合在一起;如图所示,如果将纵杆与横杆相连,并在Q处固定一根绳子,穿过滑轮a1, A2, a3 b1, B2, b3, c1, C2, c3,另一端Q1将描述空间a sin mθ + b sin nθ + c sin rθ。通过这种方法,我们可以组合任意数量的垂直下降,因此很容易看到a sin (mθ + α) + b sin (nθ + β) + &c。可以机械地描述。巴什福斯先生先前发明了一种原理与此相同的机器。
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引用次数: 0
Professor Thomson desires to make the following corrections 汤姆逊教授希望作出以下更正
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1856.0001
Vol. VII. Page 394, line 6 from foot, dele half. — — 398, — 4 from top, for 2,000,000 read 5200 X 106; and for 8,200,000 read 21000 X 106. — — ib. — 10 from top, for 10 tons read 53600 x 106 tons; and for 42 tons read 874000 x 106 tons.
第七卷。。394页,第6行,删去一半。- - 398, - 4从顶部,为2,000,000读取5200 X 106;对于8,200,000,读取21000 X 106。- - ib. - 10从顶部开始,10吨为53600 x 106吨;42吨等于874000 x 106吨。
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引用次数: 2
III. On a method of destroying the effects of slight errors of adjustment in experiments of changes of refrangibility due to relative motions in the line of sight 3一种消除实验中由于相对运动引起的折射率变化的微小调整误差影响的方法
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1880.0052
E. Stone
Let arrangements be made for the reversion, of the prisms without any disturbance of the other optical arrangements, including, of course, the position of the cylindrical lens, if one be used. Any slight errors of adjustment which prevent the light from the star and the comparison light from falling upon the train of prisms under the same optical circumstances, so far as mere direction is concerned, will have opposite effects in the reversed positions of the prisms; but the separation of the emergent lights due to relative motion will remain unchanged by the reversal of the positions of the prisms.
在不影响其他光学装置的情况下,当然包括圆柱透镜的位置(如果使用圆柱透镜的话),对棱镜进行复位。在相同的光学环境下,任何微小的调整误差都会使来自恒星的光和比较光不能落在一系列棱镜上,就方向而言,在相反的棱镜位置上会产生相反的影响;但是由于相对运动而产生的射光的分离将不会因为棱镜位置的颠倒而改变。
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引用次数: 0
II. On the relation of form and dimensions to weight of material in the construction of iron-clad ships 2铁皮船建造中材料的形状、尺寸与重量的关系
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1867.0060
E. Reed
this nitrile is converted into an acid which M. Merz describes under the name of naphthaline-carboxylic acid. The opinion expressed by this chemist, that his acid might be identical with the one observed by myself, I am inclined to adopt, although there are still some few discrepancies in our observations to be elucidated. M. Merz states that the fusing-point of his acid is at 140°, whilst the acid examined by myself fuses at 160°. In order to remove, if possible, this discrepancy, I have, since I saw M. Merz’s paper, again and repeatedly taken the fusing-point of menaphthoxylic acid, but always with the same result. Possibly the fusingpoint of the acid prepared by means of a sulphonaphthylate may be found somewhat higher when the compound is carefully purified by repeated crystallization from alcohol. 306 Mr. Reed on the Form, Dimensions, [Mar. 19}
这种腈被转化成一种酸,默兹先生称之为萘-羧酸。这位化学家表示,他的酸可能与我观察到的酸相同,我倾向于采纳他的意见,尽管我们的观察中仍有一些不一致之处有待阐明。默兹先生说他的酸的熔点是140度,而我自己检测的酸熔点是160度。如果可能的话,为了消除这种差异,自从我看到默兹先生的论文以来,我一次又一次地测量了甲氧基酸的熔点,但总是得到同样的结果。当从酒精中反复结晶小心地提纯该化合物时,可能会发现用磺胺酸制备的酸的熔点稍高一些。里德先生谈表格,尺寸,[3月19日]
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引用次数: 0
I. On the vapour-density of potassium 关于钾的蒸气密度
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspl.1872.0042
J. Dewar, W. Dittmar
Since the elaborate experiments of Deville and Troost on the vapour densities of substances at high temperatures, little has been added to chemical science in this field of research. Doubtless this is in great part owing to the difficulty of any one student manipulating the complex apparatus necessary for the execution of the experiments. But the operations are greatly increased in difficulty when we select bodies that are readily inflammable in air and attack with facility glass and porcelain at the high temperatures to which they are exposed.
自从德维尔和特罗斯特在高温下对物质的蒸气密度进行了详尽的实验以来,化学科学在这一研究领域的贡献就很少了。毫无疑问,这在很大程度上是由于任何一个学生都很难操作进行实验所必需的复杂仪器。但是,当我们选择易在空气中燃烧的物体,并在暴露于高温下的设施玻璃和瓷器时,操作难度大大增加。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
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