Let A, B, C be three wheels rolling in one another (fig. 1); they may of course be supposed to describe simultaneously the angles mθ, nθ, rθ, when m, n,and r are constant. Let α, β, γ be three nuts situated on A, B, C respectively, at distances a, b, c from their centres. Then if these nuts work in horizontal bars (as exemplified in many sewing-machines), the bars will descend vertically through the spaces a sin mθ, b sin nθ, c sin rθ respectively. We may combine all these vertical motions together; for if vertical rods be attached to the horizontal bars, and a cord fixed at Q, pass over the pulleys a1, A2, a3 b1 , B2, b3, c1, C2, c3, as shown in the figure, the other extremity Q1 will describe the space a sin mθ + b sin nθ + c sin rθ. By this contrivance we are able to combine any number of vertical descents, so that it is readily seen that a sin (mθ + α) + b sin (nθ + β ) + &c. may be described mechanically. A machine on the same principle as this had been previously invented by Mr. Bashforth.
设A、B、C为三个相互滚动的轮子(图1);当然，它们可以同时描述角度mθ， nθ， rθ，当m, n, r为常数时。设α， β， γ为三个坚果，分别位于A, B, C上，离中心距离为A, B, C。然后，如果这些螺帽在水平条上工作(就像许多缝纫机上的例子一样)，这些条将分别垂直穿过空间a sin mθ， b sin nθ， c sin rθ。我们可以把所有这些垂直运动结合在一起;如图所示，如果将纵杆与横杆相连，并在Q处固定一根绳子，穿过滑轮a1, A2, a3 b1, B2, b3, c1, C2, c3，另一端Q1将描述空间a sin mθ + b sin nθ + c sin rθ。通过这种方法，我们可以组合任意数量的垂直下降，因此很容易看到a sin (mθ + α) + b sin (nθ + β) + &c。可以机械地描述。巴什福斯先生先前发明了一种原理与此相同的机器。
{"title":"XXVIII. On the mechanical description of curves","authors":"W. H. Russell","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1869.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1869.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Let A, B, C be three wheels rolling in one another (fig. 1); they may of course be supposed to describe simultaneously the angles mθ, nθ, rθ, when m, n,and r are constant. Let α, β, γ be three nuts situated on A, B, C respectively, at distances a, b, c from their centres. Then if these nuts work in horizontal bars (as exemplified in many sewing-machines), the bars will descend vertically through the spaces a sin mθ, b sin nθ, c sin rθ respectively. We may combine all these vertical motions together; for if vertical rods be attached to the horizontal bars, and a cord fixed at Q, pass over the pulleys a1, A2, a3 b1 , B2, b3, c1, C2, c3, as shown in the figure, the other extremity Q1 will describe the space a sin mθ + b sin nθ + c sin rθ. By this contrivance we are able to combine any number of vertical descents, so that it is readily seen that a sin (mθ + α) + b sin (nθ + β ) + &c. may be described mechanically. A machine on the same principle as this had been previously invented by Mr. Bashforth.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1869.0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62193181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vol. VII. Page 394, line 6 from foot, dele half. — — 398, — 4 from top, for 2,000,000 read 5200 X 106; and for 8,200,000 read 21000 X 106. — — ib. — 10 from top, for 10 tons read 53600 x 106 tons; and for 42 tons read 874000 x 106 tons.
第七卷。。394页，第6行，删去一半。- - 398， - 4从顶部，为2,000,000读取5200 X 106;对于8,200,000，读取21000 X 106。- - ib. - 10从顶部开始，10吨为53600 x 106吨;42吨等于874000 x 106吨。
{"title":"Professor Thomson desires to make the following corrections","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1856.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1856.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Vol. VII. Page 394, line 6 from foot, dele half. — — 398, — 4 from top, for 2,000,000 read 5200 X 106; and for 8,200,000 read 21000 X 106. — — ib. — 10 from top, for 10 tons read 53600 x 106 tons; and for 42 tons read 874000 x 106 tons.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1856.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62118338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let arrangements be made for the reversion, of the prisms without any disturbance of the other optical arrangements, including, of course, the position of the cylindrical lens, if one be used. Any slight errors of adjustment which prevent the light from the star and the comparison light from falling upon the train of prisms under the same optical circumstances, so far as mere direction is concerned, will have opposite effects in the reversed positions of the prisms; but the separation of the emergent lights due to relative motion will remain unchanged by the reversal of the positions of the prisms.
{"title":"III. On a method of destroying the effects of slight errors of adjustment in experiments of changes of refrangibility due to relative motions in the line of sight","authors":"E. Stone","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1880.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1880.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Let arrangements be made for the reversion, of the prisms without any disturbance of the other optical arrangements, including, of course, the position of the cylindrical lens, if one be used. Any slight errors of adjustment which prevent the light from the star and the comparison light from falling upon the train of prisms under the same optical circumstances, so far as mere direction is concerned, will have opposite effects in the reversed positions of the prisms; but the separation of the emergent lights due to relative motion will remain unchanged by the reversal of the positions of the prisms.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1880.0052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62258911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
this nitrile is converted into an acid which M. Merz describes under the name of naphthaline-carboxylic acid. The opinion expressed by this chemist, that his acid might be identical with the one observed by myself, I am inclined to adopt, although there are still some few discrepancies in our observations to be elucidated. M. Merz states that the fusing-point of his acid is at 140°, whilst the acid examined by myself fuses at 160°. In order to remove, if possible, this discrepancy, I have, since I saw M. Merz’s paper, again and repeatedly taken the fusing-point of menaphthoxylic acid, but always with the same result. Possibly the fusingpoint of the acid prepared by means of a sulphonaphthylate may be found somewhat higher when the compound is carefully purified by repeated crystallization from alcohol. 306 Mr. Reed on the Form, Dimensions, [Mar. 19}
{"title":"II. On the relation of form and dimensions to weight of material in the construction of iron-clad ships","authors":"E. Reed","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1867.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1867.0060","url":null,"abstract":"this nitrile is converted into an acid which M. Merz describes under the name of naphthaline-carboxylic acid. The opinion expressed by this chemist, that his acid might be identical with the one observed by myself, I am inclined to adopt, although there are still some few discrepancies in our observations to be elucidated. M. Merz states that the fusing-point of his acid is at 140°, whilst the acid examined by myself fuses at 160°. In order to remove, if possible, this discrepancy, I have, since I saw M. Merz’s paper, again and repeatedly taken the fusing-point of menaphthoxylic acid, but always with the same result. Possibly the fusingpoint of the acid prepared by means of a sulphonaphthylate may be found somewhat higher when the compound is carefully purified by repeated crystallization from alcohol. 306 Mr. Reed on the Form, Dimensions, [Mar. 19}","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1867.0060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62183369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the elaborate experiments of Deville and Troost on the vapour densities of substances at high temperatures, little has been added to chemical science in this field of research. Doubtless this is in great part owing to the difficulty of any one student manipulating the complex apparatus necessary for the execution of the experiments. But the operations are greatly increased in difficulty when we select bodies that are readily inflammable in air and attack with facility glass and porcelain at the high temperatures to which they are exposed.
{"title":"I. On the vapour-density of potassium","authors":"J. Dewar, W. Dittmar","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1872.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1872.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Since the elaborate experiments of Deville and Troost on the vapour densities of substances at high temperatures, little has been added to chemical science in this field of research. Doubtless this is in great part owing to the difficulty of any one student manipulating the complex apparatus necessary for the execution of the experiments. But the operations are greatly increased in difficulty when we select bodies that are readily inflammable in air and attack with facility glass and porcelain at the high temperatures to which they are exposed.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1872.0042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62210393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
December 20, 1877. Page Notes on Supersaturated Saline Solutions. By Charles Tomlinson, F.R.S. 523 Notes on Physical Geology.—No. III. On a new Method of finding Limits to the Duration of certain Geological Periods. By the Rev. Samuel Haughton, M.D. Dubl., D.C.L. Oxon.,F.R.S., Professor of Geology in the University of Dublin ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 On certain Movements of Radiometers. By G. G. Stokes, M.A., Sec. R.S. 546 List of Presents ..... ..................................... ............. . . . . . ............ 555
{"title":"Erratum in Vol. XXV. and in Vol. XXVI","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1877.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1877.0005","url":null,"abstract":"December 20, 1877. Page Notes on Supersaturated Saline Solutions. By Charles Tomlinson, F.R.S. 523 Notes on Physical Geology.—No. III. On a new Method of finding Limits to the Duration of certain Geological Periods. By the Rev. Samuel Haughton, M.D. Dubl., D.C.L. Oxon.,F.R.S., Professor of Geology in the University of Dublin ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 On certain Movements of Radiometers. By G. G. Stokes, M.A., Sec. R.S. 546 List of Presents ..... ..................................... ............. . . . . . ............ 555","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1877.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62233878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huel Seton Copper-Mine is situated about one mile north-east of the town of Camborne, Cornwall, and is distant from the sea, on the north coast, a little more than three miles. The workings of Huel Seton are entirely in “killas,” or clay-slate, and the saline waters issue at the rate of 50 gallons per minute, and at a temperature of 92° F., from the eastern fore breast of the 160-fathom level. This has intersected a fault, or cross course, which may be traced in a northerly direction to the sea.
{"title":"III. On the composition and origin of the waters of a salt spring in Huel Seton Mine, with a chemical and microscopical examination of certain rocks in its vicinity","authors":"J. Phillips","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1872.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1872.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Huel Seton Copper-Mine is situated about one mile north-east of the town of Camborne, Cornwall, and is distant from the sea, on the north coast, a little more than three miles. The workings of Huel Seton are entirely in “killas,” or clay-slate, and the saline waters issue at the rate of 50 gallons per minute, and at a temperature of 92° F., from the eastern fore breast of the 160-fathom level. This has intersected a fault, or cross course, which may be traced in a northerly direction to the sea.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1872.0032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62210007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following abstract contains the more important points established by a study of the development of Renilla, which was carried on at intervals during three years at the marine laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University, conducted by Dr. W. K. Brooks.
{"title":"I. The development of Renilla","authors":"E. Wilson","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1882.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1882.0052","url":null,"abstract":"The following abstract contains the more important points established by a study of the development of Renilla, which was carried on at intervals during three years at the marine laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University, conducted by Dr. W. K. Brooks.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1882.0052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62273543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The object of the experiments which are described in this paper was to investigate the nature of the conductivity produced in different gases when cathode rays of definite strength passed through them.
本文所描述的实验目的是研究一定强度的阴极射线通过不同气体时所产生的电导率的性质。
{"title":"Electrical conductivity in gases traversed by cathode rays","authors":"J. Mclennan","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1899.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1899.0116","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the experiments which are described in this paper was to investigate the nature of the conductivity produced in different gases when cathode rays of definite strength passed through them.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1899.0116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61683997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Observations were made on the eye of the living animal, 181 different species being examined, and frequently several individuals of the same species. The species comprise representatives of all the Mammalian orders except the Cetacea and Sirenia.
{"title":"Contributions to the comparative anatomy of the Mammalian eye, chiefly based on Ophthalmoscopic examination","authors":"G. Johnson","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1899.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1899.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Observations were made on the eye of the living animal, 181 different species being examined, and frequently several individuals of the same species. The species comprise representatives of all the Mammalian orders except the Cetacea and Sirenia.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1899.0125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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