{"title":"Presents list, January 31, 1895.","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62364291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the chemistry of the wing pigments of that group of butterflies known as the Pieridæ, and demonstrates the excretory nature of these pigments.
这篇论文讨论了蝴蝶翅色素的化学成分，并展示了这些色素的排泄特性。
{"title":"III. The pigments of the Pieridæ. A contribution to the study of excretory substances which function in ornament","authors":"F. G. Hopkins","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0127","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the chemistry of the wing pigments of that group of butterflies known as the Pieridæ, and demonstrates the excretory nature of these pigments.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62358836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On August 4, 1893, at 6.41 p. m. (G. M. T.), an earthquake shock was felt throughout the whole of Leicestershire and Rutland, and in parts also of the adjoining counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Stafford, Warwick and Northampton. The disturbed area, therefore, lies entirely within the land. It is also one over which villages and country houses are for the most part closely scattered, and it has thus been possible to obtain a large number of careful and detailed accounts. I have received altogether 391 records from 298 places where the earthquake was observed, and 103 others from 97 places where, so far as known, no trace of it was perceived.
{"title":"On the Leicester earthquake of August 4, 1893","authors":"C. Davison","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0133","url":null,"abstract":"On August 4, 1893, at 6.41 p. m. (G. M. T.), an earthquake shock was felt throughout the whole of Leicestershire and Rutland, and in parts also of the adjoining counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Stafford, Warwick and Northampton. The disturbed area, therefore, lies entirely within the land. It is also one over which villages and country houses are for the most part closely scattered, and it has thus been possible to obtain a large number of careful and detailed accounts. I have received altogether 391 records from 298 places where the earthquake was observed, and 103 others from 97 places where, so far as known, no trace of it was perceived.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62359417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper contains an application of the analysis used by M. Poincaré, in his memoir “Sur l’équilibre d’une masse fluide animée d'un mouvement de rotation,” to the determination of the free oscillations of a system consisting of a fluid mass contained within a rigid ellipsoidal envelope, rotating about one of its principal axes. It is found that, when such a system is oscillating in one of its fundamental modes, the disturbances of the fluid are all expressible by means of Lamé functions, the functions involved being all of the same order; and a method of obtaining the frequencies of these oscillations, similar to that used by M. Poincaré for a fluid ellipsoid with a free surface, is given.
这篇论文包含了庞加莱先生在他的回忆录《Sur l ' quiilibre d' une mass fluid animacime d'un movement de rotation》中所使用的分析的应用，用于确定一个由包含在刚性椭球包膜内的流体质量组成的系统的自由振荡，该系统围绕其主轴之一旋转。我们发现，当这样一个系统以它的一个基本模态振动时，流体的扰动都可以用lam函数来表示，所涉及的函数都是同一阶的;并给出了一种求得这些振动频率的方法，这种方法与M. poincarcarve对具有自由表面的流体椭球体所采用的方法类似。
{"title":"I. The oscillations of a rotating ellipsoidal shell containing fluid","authors":"S. S. Hough","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0153","url":null,"abstract":"The paper contains an application of the analysis used by M. Poincaré, in his memoir “Sur l’équilibre d’une masse fluide animée d'un mouvement de rotation,” to the determination of the free oscillations of a system consisting of a fluid mass contained within a rigid ellipsoidal envelope, rotating about one of its principal axes. It is found that, when such a system is oscillating in one of its fundamental modes, the disturbances of the fluid are all expressible by means of Lamé functions, the functions involved being all of the same order; and a method of obtaining the frequencies of these oscillations, similar to that used by M. Poincaré for a fluid ellipsoid with a free surface, is given.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62360825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Before entering on the discussion of the Abelian system of differential equations, I treat of some general algebraic theorems having reference to the differences of various sets of “facients,” and give a wider definition to the term “source,” hitherto used to signify the source of a covariant, and treat of two operators, δ and ∆. I then show how, by forming what I call a “square-matrix,” all the conditions can be obtained which are fulfilled when a polynomial f(2) of the degree 2n in z is a perfect square. With regard to these conditions, I remark that any one of them being given all the others can be found by successive operations of the operator δ.
{"title":"II. On the Abelian system of differential equations, and their rational and integral algebraic integrals, with a discussion of the periodicity of Abelian functions","authors":"W. R. W. Roberts","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0154","url":null,"abstract":"Before entering on the discussion of the Abelian system of differential equations, I treat of some general algebraic theorems having reference to the differences of various sets of “facients,” and give a wider definition to the term “source,” hitherto used to signify the source of a covariant, and treat of two operators, δ and ∆. I then show how, by forming what I call a “square-matrix,” all the conditions can be obtained which are fulfilled when a polynomial f(2) of the degree 2n in z is a perfect square. With regard to these conditions, I remark that any one of them being given all the others can be found by successive operations of the operator δ.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62361484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Presents list, March 14, 1895.","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62364742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The preliminary paper on this subjectf gave the results of a single experiment, and approximately accounted for them by a mathematical theory of the reflexion and interference phenomena involved.
关于这个问题的初步论文给出了一次实验的结果，并用有关反射和干涉现象的数学理论近似地解释了这些结果。
{"title":"[Report of the Secretary and Treasurer of the Royal Society]","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0131","url":null,"abstract":"The preliminary paper on this subjectf gave the results of a single experiment, and approximately accounted for them by a mathematical theory of the reflexion and interference phenomena involved.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62359224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the question of the path by which carbonic acid passes out of the leaf in respiration and into it in assimilation, whether this takes place by the stomatal openings or through the continuous surface of the cuticle, all possible extreme and intermediate views have been expressed in recent text-books of botany. On account of the smallness of the quantities of gas involved, practically no attempt has hitherto been made to determine this question by direct estimation.
{"title":"II. Experimental researches on vegetable assimilation and respiration.—No. II. On the paths of gaseous exchange between aerial leaves and the atmosphere","authors":"F. F. Blackman","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0137","url":null,"abstract":"On the question of the path by which carbonic acid passes out of the leaf in respiration and into it in assimilation, whether this takes place by the stomatal openings or through the continuous surface of the cuticle, all possible extreme and intermediate views have been expressed in recent text-books of botany. On account of the smallness of the quantities of gas involved, practically no attempt has hitherto been made to determine this question by direct estimation.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62359592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Bakerian Lecture for 1888 I referred in some detail to the spectrum of γ-Cassiopeiæ), and suggested explanations of the origins of the various lines which had been observed. At that time no photographs of the spectrum were available for discussion, but the questions raised by the eye observations were of such great interest that I determined to attempt a photographic study of the spectrum.
{"title":"I. On the photographic spectrum of γ-Cassiopeiæ","authors":"J. Lockyer","doi":"10.1098/RSPL.1894.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPL.1894.0138","url":null,"abstract":"In the Bakerian Lecture for 1888 I referred in some detail to the spectrum of γ-Cassiopeiæ), and suggested explanations of the origins of the various lines which had been observed. At that time no photographs of the spectrum were available for discussion, but the questions raised by the eye observations were of such great interest that I determined to attempt a photographic study of the spectrum.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSPL.1894.0138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62359823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I have shown on a previous occasion that the primary embryo of Crisia gives rise to numerous larvæ by a constantly repeated process of embryonic fission, and I have suggested the probability that this method of development will be found to be characteristic of Cyclostomatous Polyzoa in general. Observations recently made on Lichenopora verrucaria, Fabr., obtained on the coast of Norway, have enabled me to prove the occurrence of embryonic fission in a second genus of Cyclostomata, although the details of the development are remarkably different from those of Crisia.
{"title":"III. Preliminary note on embryonic fission in Lichenopora","authors":"S. Harmer","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0140","url":null,"abstract":"I have shown on a previous occasion that the primary embryo of Crisia gives rise to numerous larvæ by a constantly repeated process of embryonic fission, and I have suggested the probability that this method of development will be found to be characteristic of Cyclostomatous Polyzoa in general. Observations recently made on Lichenopora verrucaria, Fabr., obtained on the coast of Norway, have enabled me to prove the occurrence of embryonic fission in a second genus of Cyclostomata, although the details of the development are remarkably different from those of Crisia.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62359999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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