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Wave energy converter efficiency based on wave transmission and relative capture width performance 基于波浪传输和相对捕获宽度性能的波浪能转换器效率
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231217357
U. Türker, Souhail Boulanoire
A series of quantitative analyses were performed to identify the wave properties and potential, by means of records collected from an offshore buoy in North-West Ireland. Based on the data collected, a series of quantitative analyses was conducted to determine the dominant wind directions and wave properties on an annual basis. In addition, the wave power is computed based on relevant wave heights and periods, and the Pierson-Moskowitz spectral model was used to generate the maximum wave energy spectra for each year. The results show that waves with wave powers of around 100 kW/m were mostly approaching eastward at a rather narrow frequency. In order to compare the relative capture width and the power absorption capacity of three floating structures, the Wave Dragon, Board Net Breakwater, and Cylindrical Floating Breakwater are analyzed. Also outlined is the impact of the transmission coefficient on the effectiveness of wave energy converters (WEC) throughout the energy harvesting process. This was accomplished by fusing information from three distinct field investigations and experimental research with four different wave transmission coefficient models. The results show that as the wave steepness increases, the transmission coefficient decreases and the hydrodynamic performance of wave energy converters increases. Also, it is found that the hydrodynamic efficiency of wave energy converters is higher in summer than in winter, and the Wave Dragon is the most efficient wave energy converter in regard to relative capture width and power absorption.
通过从爱尔兰西北部海上浮标收集的记录,进行了一系列定量分析,以确定波浪特性和潜力。根据收集到的数据,进行了一系列定量分析,以确定每年的主导风向和波浪特性。此外,还根据相关的波高和周期计算了波功率,并使用皮尔森-莫斯考维茨频谱模型生成了每年的最大波能量频谱。结果显示,波功率在 100 kW/m 左右的波浪大多以相当窄的频率向东靠近。为了比较三种浮动结构的相对捕获宽度和功率吸收能力,对波浪龙、板网防波堤和圆柱形浮动防波堤进行了分析。此外,还概述了传输系数在整个能量收集过程中对波能转换器(WEC)有效性的影响。这是通过将三项不同的实地调查和实验研究的信息与四种不同的波浪传输系数模型相结合来实现的。结果表明,随着波浪陡度的增加,传输系数降低,波浪能转换器的水动力性能增加。此外,研究还发现,波浪能转换器的水动力效率在夏季高于冬季,就相对捕获宽度和功率吸收而言,"波浪龙 "是效率最高的波浪能转换器。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and analysis of magnetorheological anti-swing device for marine crane 海洋起重机磁流变防摆动装置的建模与分析
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231213465
Chenxu Deng, Minghui Zhao, Guangdong Han, Shenghai Wang, Haiquan Chen, Yu-qing Sun
Due to the marine environment, the operation efficiency of marine cranes is low, and it is easy to cause safety accidents. In this study, magnetorheological (MR) technology is applied to the field of payload anti-swing for marine crane, and designs a parallel MR anti-swing device. The dynamic model of the anti-swing system is derived based on the robot theory and Lagrange method. To enhance the efficiency of anti-swing and reduce the energy, the variable universe fuzzy PID (VUFPID) controller is designed. The anti-swing effect of MR anti-swing device is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the effect of payload anti-swing is exceed 80%, and the energy consumption of MR anti-swing device with VUFPID controller is reduced by 49% compared with MR anti-swing device with a fixed current (1.9 A) under the approximate anti-swing effect. The physical prototype of MR anti-swing device is installed on the laboratory crane. The experimental results show that the attitude of the payload is reduced by 80%. The proposed MR anti-swing device improve the efficiency of Marine cranes.
由于海洋环境的原因,船用起重机的运行效率较低,容易引发安全事故。本研究将磁流变(MR)技术应用于船用起重机有效载荷防摆动领域,设计了一种并联式磁流变防摆动装置。根据机器人理论和拉格朗日方法推导出了防摆动系统的动态模型。为提高防摆效率并降低能耗,设计了可变宇宙模糊 PID(VUFPID)控制器。对 MR 防摆动装置的防摆动效果进行了仿真和分析。结果表明,有效载荷的抗摆动效果超过 80%,在近似抗摆动效果下,使用 VUFPID 控制器的 MR 抗摆动装置的能耗比使用固定电流(1.9 A)的 MR 抗摆动装置降低了 49%。MR 防摆动装置的物理原型安装在实验室起重机上。实验结果表明,有效载荷的姿态降低了 80%。拟议的磁共振防摆动装置提高了船用起重机的效率。
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引用次数: 0
A parallel convolutional neural network-transformer model for underwater target recognition based on multimodal feature learning 基于多模态特征学习的水下目标识别并行卷积神经网络-变换器模型
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231215410
Xuerong Cui, Qingqing Zheng, Juan Li, Binbin Jiang, Shibao Li, Jianhang Liu
Underwater acoustic target recognition is a hot research issue with a wide range of applications. The variable ocean environment and evolving underwater moving target noise reduction techniques greatly complicate the recognition task. Traditional recognition methods are difficult to obtain practical characterization features and robust recognition results due to the singular input features and the limitation of the network backbone. Therefore, We propose a parallel convolutional neural network (CNN)-Transformer model based on multimodal feature learning for underwater target recognition. The CNN module extracts deep features from the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). The Transformer captures global information in the original time-domain signal. The two single-modal features are combined by an adaptive feature fusion module to construct joint features for target recognition. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified in the Ships-Ear dataset, and the average accuracy of classification reached 98.58%. The experimental results show that our model works better than classical methods.
水下声学目标识别是一个应用广泛的热门研究课题。多变的海洋环境和不断发展的水下移动目标降噪技术使识别任务变得非常复杂。由于输入特征的单一性和网络骨干的局限性,传统的识别方法很难获得实用的表征特征和稳健的识别结果。因此,我们提出了一种基于多模态特征学习的并行卷积神经网络(CNN)-变换器模型,用于水下目标识别。CNN 模块从 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) 中提取深度特征。变换器捕捉原始时域信号中的全局信息。自适应特征融合模块将两种单模态特征结合起来,构建用于目标识别的联合特征。在 Ships-Ear 数据集中验证了所提方法的有效性,分类的平均准确率达到 98.58%。实验结果表明,我们的模型比传统方法效果更好。
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引用次数: 0
Design and numerical study of foldable wing module of air-launched underwater glider 空射水下滑翔机可折叠机翼模块的设计与数值研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231213441
Xiangcheng Wu, Qiang Wang, Pengyao Yu, Chengyu Zhang
Launching underwater gliders by aircraft could greatly expand the application of underwater gliders. However, during the process of the glider entry into the water, it will be subjected to significant impact loads, especially during the process of wing entry into the water. In this paper, a foldable wing module is proposed to reduce the water entry impact loads of the glider caused by the wings entering into the water. The effect of the foldable wing module on impact loads reduction and the influence of the foldable wing module on the water entry trajectory are studied by numerical method. The results show that the differences in mass and gravity center position caused by the foldable wing module have little effect on the water entry impact loads of the glider until the wings impact the water. When the glider enters the water obliquely, the wing module reduces the peak radial acceleration of the glider. In addition, the trajectory and time of the glider to reach the horizontal attitude are also reduced. These conclusions will be helpful for the designing of the wings of air-launched underwater gliders.
用飞机发射水下滑翔机可以大大扩展水下滑翔机的应用范围。然而,在滑翔机入水的过程中,会受到很大的冲击载荷,尤其是在机翼入水的过程中。本文提出了一种可折叠机翼模块,以减少机翼入水时对滑翔机造成的入水冲击载荷。通过数值方法研究了可折叠机翼模块对降低冲击载荷的作用以及可折叠机翼模块对入水轨迹的影响。结果表明,在机翼冲击水面之前,可折叠机翼模块造成的质量和重心位置差异对滑翔机的入水冲击载荷影响不大。当滑翔机斜着入水时,机翼模块会降低滑翔机的径向加速度峰值。此外,滑翔机到达水平姿态的轨迹和时间也会缩短。这些结论将有助于空射水下滑翔机机翼的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Path planning of USV based on improved PRM under the influence of ocean current 海流影响下基于改进的 PRM 的 USV 路径规划
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231214585
Tengbin Zhu, Yingjie Xiao, Hao Zhang
Multi-extensibility and flexibility of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) allow them perform many different tasks, further path planning technology is crucial to the safety, autonomy, and intelligent navigation of USVs. Firstly, this paper analyzes the impact of ocean currents and risk constraints on USV based on the electronic chart. Then take the optimal sailing time as the objective function and design a path planning algorithm based on an improved probabilistic roadmap (PRM) algorithm, in which a Gaussian space sampling algorithm based on edge detection is introduced. After building the network topology environment through improved PRM, then a Dijkstra algorithm based on great circle distance is used to solve the optimal path. Finally, the simulation experiment is designed through the MATLAB platform. By comparing the average and the three quartile lengths of the planned paths under three environments, the values of the designed Edge-Gaussion (E-G) PRM algorithm are smaller than Lazy PRM and Gaussian PRM algorithm, which shows that the improved PRM algorithm has better performance. When planning the USV path under the influence of current, compared with traditional length optimal path planning, although the navigation length planned by the designed algorithm is shorter by 972 m, sailing time is improved by 110 s, which efficiency shows the better application on the sea.
无人水面航行器(USV)的多延伸性和灵活性使其能够执行多种不同任务,而进一步的路径规划技术对 USV 的安全性、自主性和智能导航至关重要。首先,本文基于电子海图分析了洋流和风险约束对 USV 的影响。然后以最优航行时间为目标函数,设计了一种基于改进概率路线图(PRM)算法的路径规划算法,其中引入了基于边缘检测的高斯空间采样算法。通过改进的 PRM 构建网络拓扑环境后,使用基于大圆距离的 Dijkstra 算法求解最优路径。最后,通过 MATLAB 平台设计了仿真实验。通过比较三种环境下规划路径的平均长度和三个四分位长度,所设计的边缘-高讨论(E-G)PRM算法的数值均小于懒惰PRM算法和高斯PRM算法,这表明改进后的PRM算法具有更好的性能。在海流影响下规划 USV 路径时,与传统的长度最优路径规划相比,所设计算法规划的航行长度虽然缩短了 972 米,但航行时间却提高了 110 秒,这说明该算法在海上的应用效率更高。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of oil emission mechanisms in a marine medium-speed dual-fuel engine 船用中速双燃料发动机的油排放机理研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231213449
Baptiste Hochfellner, Friedrich Wirz, Konstantin Pryymak, Ann-Christin Preuss, Gerhard Matz
Pilot-ignition Otto marine engines are known for greatly reduced emissions of air pollutants (sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxide, particulates) compared to marine diesel engines. However, lubricating oil emissions still are about one order of magnitude higher than in land-based systems. To identify reduction potentials, a better understanding of oil emission mechanisms has to be gained. For this purpose, mass spectrometric oil emission measurements and fluorescence lubricating film thickness measurements were performed on a medium-speed marine engine. With the fluorescence measuring system, the varying lubricating oil film on the cylinder wall can be visualised and analysed in sub-crank-angle resolution. By applying the developed calibration method to the measurement data, the oil film thickness can be determined in µm. It is shown that the oil film left by the piston rings on the liner as it moves down is almost halved after ignition compared to during intake stroke. The authors have further been able to detect and time operating point dependent ring rotation and investigations show a connection between ring rotation and cylinder liner temperature distribution. Aligning ring gaps allow blow-by to happen. This and other high intensity events such as engine knock, load shedding or the transition from diesel-mode to gas-mode, heavily disturb the oil layer and cause peaking oil emissions.
与船用柴油发动机相比,引燃式奥托船用发动机以大大减少空气污染物(硫氧化物、氮氧化物、微粒)的排放而闻名。然而,润滑油排放量仍然比陆基系统高出一个数量级。为了确定减少的潜力,必须更好地了解石油排放机制。为此,在一台中速船用发动机上进行了质谱油排放测量和荧光润滑膜厚度测量。利用荧光测量系统,可以以亚曲柄角分辨率对缸壁上润滑油膜的变化进行可视化分析。通过将所开发的校准方法应用于测量数据,可以确定油膜厚度以µm为单位。结果表明,与进气冲程相比,在点火后,活塞环在衬垫上向下移动时留下的油膜几乎减半。作者进一步能够检测和时间工作点依赖环旋转和调查显示环旋转和缸套温度分布之间的联系。调整环隙允许吹气发生。这和其他高强度事件,如发动机爆震、负载脱落或从柴油模式到燃气模式的转变,严重扰乱了油层,导致油排放达到峰值。
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引用次数: 0
A Bayesian network-based tool for crisis classification in piracy or armed robbery incidents on passenger ships 基于贝叶斯网络的客轮海盗或持械抢劫事件危机分类工具
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231213901
N. Ventikos, A. Koimtzoglou, Alexandros Michelis, Angeliki Stouraiti, Ioannis Kopsacheilis, Vassilis Podimatas
Piracy and armed robbery continue to pose significant security threats to the shipping industry. This paper presents a real-time threat assessment and crisis classification tool for piracy or armed robbery incidents. The tool is part of a crisis classification module that addresses various categories of security threats. This module is currently being developed as part of the EU-funded research project ISOLA, which aims to introduce an intelligent security superintendence ecosystem. The ecosystem is designed to complement the existing ship security processes and measures applied onboard passenger ships. The tool operates by providing real-time threat classification and subsequent warnings by analysing data collected from the ship’s legacy systems and installed sensors with the utilisation of Bayesian probabilistic techniques, particularly Bayesian Networks. The BN model developed for this purpose is thoroughly examined, and its validation is presented through indicative case studies involving piracy and armed robbery. The main objective is to improve situational awareness, enhance vigilance and early threat detection, and support the decision-making process for the Master and crew, especially under time-sensitive circumstances and stressful conditions.
海盗和武装抢劫继续对航运业构成重大安全威胁。提出了一种针对海盗或武装抢劫事件的实时威胁评估和危机分类工具。该工具是危机分类模块的一部分,该模块处理各种类型的安全威胁。该模块目前正在作为欧盟资助的研究项目ISOLA的一部分开发,该项目旨在引入智能安全监管生态系统。该生态系统旨在补充客船上应用的现有船舶安全流程和措施。该工具利用贝叶斯概率技术,特别是贝叶斯网络,通过分析从船上遗留系统和安装的传感器收集的数据,提供实时威胁分类和后续警告。为此目的开发的BN模型进行了彻底检查,并通过涉及海盗和武装抢劫的指示性案例研究提出了其有效性。主要目标是改善态势感知,增强警惕性和早期威胁检测,并支持船长和船员的决策过程,特别是在时间敏感的环境和压力条件下。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient and precise docking trajectory optimization for the ship block assembly 为船体组装优化高效、精确的对接轨迹
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231210344
Lei Li, Qinghui Chen, Honggen Zhou, Chunjin Li, Qiang He
The assembly of the ship block is an extremely important stage of the shipbuilding process. Nevertheless, currently, the manual assembly efficiency is low, the accuracy is poor, and collision is very easy to occur. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct technical research on the automatic docking of ship blocks. The core of the automated docking technology is the attitude estimation and the trajectory planning of the posturing equipment. However, current data measurement and point set matching methods lead to large attitude-estimation errors, and it is difficult to meet the accuracy requirements of the assembly. Moreover, the current ship block trajectory planning methods pay more attention to single metrics, for example, time or energy consumption, while omitting the shock degree. In response to the above, this study first proposes a high-precision matching method for measuring point sets, in order to estimate the exact attitude of the ship block. Subsequently, trajectory translation for the block is performed using the seventh-degree polynomial. On this basis, a nonlinear weighted improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method is proposed to optimize the time, energy consumption and shock degree in the ship block trajectory planning process. Finally, the accuracy of the matching optimization is validated by simulation analysis and it is concluded that the seventh-degree polynomial leads to less shock than other polynomials. Furthermore, the shock force does not change abruptly even when the ship block is poised in steps. Through IPSO, the energy consumption and shock degree performance indices are optimized by 37.07% and 50.06%, respectively, in the ship block translation process.
船体组装是造船过程中极为重要的一个阶段。然而,目前人工装配效率低,精度差,极易发生碰撞。因此,船体自动对接技术研究迫在眉睫。自动对接技术的核心是姿态估计和姿态设备的轨迹规划。然而,目前的数据测量和点集匹配方法导致姿态估计误差较大,难以满足装配精度要求。此外,目前的船体轨迹规划方法更注重单一指标,如时间或能耗,而忽略了冲击度。针对上述问题,本研究首先提出了一种高精度的测量点集匹配方法,以估算船体的精确姿态。随后,利用七度多项式对船体进行轨迹平移。在此基础上,提出了一种非线性加权改进粒子群优化(IPSO)方法,以优化船体轨迹规划过程中的时间、能耗和冲击度。最后,通过仿真分析验证了匹配优化的准确性,并得出结论:与其他多项式相比,七度多项式导致的冲击更小。此外,即使船体分步摆动,冲击力也不会突然变化。通过 IPSO,船体平移过程中的能耗和冲击度性能指标分别优化了 37.07% 和 50.06%。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Guest editorial for the special issue on “marine hydrodynamics for innovative design” "为'海洋流体力学促进创新设计'特刊撰写的特约编辑文章 "的更正
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231218551
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive description and application of the FloodW simulation code for flooded ship problems: From still water to irregular wave scenarios 全面介绍并应用 FloodW 仿真代码解决船舶淹没问题:从静水到不规则波浪情景
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1177/14750902231210044
M. Acanfora, M. Altosole, Tommaso Coppola, Riccardo Martino
This paper provides a compendium of the numerical model that goes under the name of FloodW. This code is a fast tool for the simulation and the analysis of the effects of flooding water on ship dynamics and loads in time domain, developed for safety purposes. It has been recently involved in the international benchmark study on simulation of flooding and motions of damaged Ropax vessels within the EU Horizon 2020 project FLARE, where the name FloodW was given for the first time. Indeed, the development of the code started almost 10 years ago for still water applications, limited to ship motions, up to flooding simulation in regular waves with the possibility to study also non-linear hull girder loads. The core feature of the flooding water modeling is in the assumption of a free surface normal to the apparent gravity vector, which is evaluated accounting for ship and water dynamics. Although this approach, from validations with experimental data, was found accurate in the whole range of filling levels of the damaged compartment, with finer accuracy for intermediate fillings, an alternative method was also proposed and implemented, pertinent to low filling levels. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive description of the FloodW code together with its applications, including also the recent developments in participating to the benchmark FLARE, regarding ship flooding in irregular wave scenario.
本文简要介绍了以 FloodW 命名的数值模型。该代码是一种快速工具,用于模拟和分析洪水在时域中对船舶动力学和载荷的影响,是为安全目的而开发的。最近,它参与了欧盟地平线 2020 项目 FLARE 中的受损 Ropax 船舶洪水和运动模拟国际基准研究,并首次被命名为 FloodW。事实上,该代码的开发始于近 10 年前的静水应用,仅限于船舶运动,直至规则波浪中的洪水模拟,同时还可以研究非线性船体大梁载荷。洪水模型的核心特征是假定视重力矢量的自由表面法线,并根据船舶和水的动态进行评估。根据实验数据的验证,这种方法在受损船舱的整个填充水平范围内都很精确,中间填充的精确度更高,但同时也提出并实施了一种替代方法,适用于低填充水平。因此,本文全面介绍了 FloodW 代码及其应用,包括参与基准 FLARE 在不规则波浪情况下船舶淹没方面的最新进展。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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