Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30108
D A GERBER
Summary Fifty-one compounds were studied for their ability to compete with the sulfhydryl group for cupric ions. The sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange reactions occurring during the reaction between cysteine and bis (p-nitrophenyl) disulfide and during the course of the denaturation of human serum gamma globulin by heat were used as models for this reaction. Hydralazine, a compound which has been reported to induce a disease resembling systemic lupus erythematosus was exceptionally active in reactivating the sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange reaction when this reaction was studied in the presence of cupric ion.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF HYDRALAZINE ON THE SULFHYDRYL GROUP IN THE PRESENCE OF CUPRIC ION.","authors":"D A GERBER","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30108","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Fifty-one compounds were studied for their ability to compete with the sulfhydryl group for cupric ions. The sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange reactions occurring during the reaction between cysteine and bis (p-nitrophenyl) disulfide and during the course of the denaturation of human serum gamma globulin by heat were used as models for this reaction. Hydralazine, a compound which has been reported to induce a disease resembling systemic lupus erythematosus was exceptionally active in reactivating the sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange reaction when this reaction was studied in the presence of cupric ion.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"100-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30118
R E BOWMAN, R C WOLF
Summary Two-day-old rhesus monkeys, restrained and rotated for one hour, exhibited elevations of 25.8 ± 3.3 (S.E.) μg% in plasma nonconjugated 17-OHCS. This sizable and consistent increase was 44% as great as the one hour increase in plasma nonconjugated 17-OHCS following ACTH, suggesting either that the restraint and rotation was not sufficiently stressful or that the infant CNS-hypophyseal axis was not sufficiently developed to stimulate fully the adrenal cortex.
{"title":"PLASMA 17-OHCS RESPONSE OF THE INFANT RHESUS MONKEY TO A NONINJURIOUS, NOXIOUS STIMULUS.","authors":"R E BOWMAN, R C WOLF","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30118","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Two-day-old rhesus monkeys, restrained and rotated for one hour, exhibited elevations of 25.8 ± 3.3 (S.E.) μg% in plasma nonconjugated 17-OHCS. This sizable and consistent increase was 44% as great as the one hour increase in plasma nonconjugated 17-OHCS following ACTH, suggesting either that the restraint and rotation was not sufficiently stressful or that the infant CNS-hypophyseal axis was not sufficiently developed to stimulate fully the adrenal cortex.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"133-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30085
J U SCHLEGEL, A K GUP
Summary On the basis of the results obtained, it appears reasonable to suggest that the effect of radiation in modifying acute rejection is possibly secondary to its effect upon ischemia. Whatever the mechanism may be, it appears that a small amount of radiation has a beneficial effect upon the kidney damaged by anoxia, a finding which may have therapeutic value in a variety of conditions.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF X-IRRADIATION ON RENAL DAMAGE SECONDARY TO ISCHEMIA.","authors":"J U SCHLEGEL, A K GUP","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30085","url":null,"abstract":"Summary On the basis of the results obtained, it appears reasonable to suggest that the effect of radiation in modifying acute rejection is possibly secondary to its effect upon ischemia. Whatever the mechanism may be, it appears that a small amount of radiation has a beneficial effect upon the kidney damaged by anoxia, a finding which may have therapeutic value in a variety of conditions.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"14-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30128
T ARAI, H NECHELES
Summary Previous experiments have demonstrated that exposure of a frog's leg alternately to acid-pepsin and alkaline pancreatic secretion produced rapid digestion of the leg. It was suggested that in man the rapid interchange between acid pepsin and alkaline trypsin solution in the duodenal bulb might play a role in peptic ulcer. For this reason, 5 kinds of perfusion from esophagus to ileum were conducted in rats. Alternating perfusion with acid pepsin and alkaline pancreatin (Group 3) had more marked effects in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, than perfusion with acid pepsin alone (Group 2), or other perfusions (Group 1, 4, 5), for 90 minutes. Similar results were observed on cats and rabbits. The esophagus of the rat seemed to be more resistant to such perfusions than that of the cat. Changes of blood pH due to alternating perfusion with acid-alkaline enzyme solutions did not seem to affect the deleterious effects. While these results are suggestive of a role of alternation between gastric and pancreatic juice in ulcer disease, no conclusions concerning development of peptic ulcer can be drawn.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ALTERNATING ACID AND ALKALINE DIGESTIVE FLUIDS ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF THE RAT.","authors":"T ARAI, H NECHELES","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30128","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Previous experiments have demonstrated that exposure of a frog's leg alternately to acid-pepsin and alkaline pancreatic secretion produced rapid digestion of the leg. It was suggested that in man the rapid interchange between acid pepsin and alkaline trypsin solution in the duodenal bulb might play a role in peptic ulcer. For this reason, 5 kinds of perfusion from esophagus to ileum were conducted in rats. Alternating perfusion with acid pepsin and alkaline pancreatin (Group 3) had more marked effects in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, than perfusion with acid pepsin alone (Group 2), or other perfusions (Group 1, 4, 5), for 90 minutes. Similar results were observed on cats and rabbits. The esophagus of the rat seemed to be more resistant to such perfusions than that of the cat. Changes of blood pH due to alternating perfusion with acid-alkaline enzyme solutions did not seem to affect the deleterious effects. While these results are suggestive of a role of alternation between gastric and pancreatic juice in ulcer disease, no conclusions concerning development of peptic ulcer can be drawn.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"169-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30155
P Y PATERSON, H S WEISS
Allergic encephalomyelitis (AE) is widely accepted as a promising model system for incisive studies of auto-immunity (1,2). All evidence suggests that the disease results from an immune response called forth by injected nervous tissue emulsified in Friend's adjuvant and directed against unique antigenic constituents in the nervous system of the sensitized host. Still unsettled, however, is the nature of the immune response and precisely how it interacts with its “target”— the neuraxis(3,4). The strongest evidence that sensitized cells, rather than circulating antibodies, are the immunological instruments of tissue injury has been the successful transfer of AE in rats and other animals by means of sensitized lymphoid cells, in contrast to the lack of transfer with immune serum(5–8). In previous AE-transfer studies reported from this laboratory, the donor lymphoid cells were injected into the recipient rats via the intravenous route(3–5,9). The purpose of this paper is to describe transfer of the disease in rats using the intracerebral route. In circumventing the undefined role of the blood-brain-barrier and insuring immediate and direct contact between donor cells and “target” the intracerebral route offers an additional and particularly advantageous system for the study of AE. Methods. Donor rats and cell suspensions. Rats of the Lewis strain were employed as donors.§ This is a highly inbred and isohistogenic strain based on skin grafting criteria (10). The donors were sensitized by intracutaneous injection of 0.7 ml (0.1 ml in each of 7 sites) of a standard guinea pig spinal cord-adjuvant inoculum as described previously(5,9). The donors were sacrificed 9 days after sensitization—a time previously found to be optimal for intravenous transfer of AE within the Lewis rat strain(4). Lymph nodes draining injection sites (cervical, paratracheal, axillary and pectoral) were processed following previously described methods (5,9).
{"title":"TRANSFER OF ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN RATS BY INTRACEREBRAL INJECTION OF LYMPHOID CELLS.","authors":"P Y PATERSON, H S WEISS","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30155","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic encephalomyelitis (AE) is widely accepted as a promising model system for incisive studies of auto-immunity (1,2). All evidence suggests that the disease results from an immune response called forth by injected nervous tissue emulsified in Friend's adjuvant and directed against unique antigenic constituents in the nervous system of the sensitized host. Still unsettled, however, is the nature of the immune response and precisely how it interacts with its “target”— the neuraxis(3,4). The strongest evidence that sensitized cells, rather than circulating antibodies, are the immunological instruments of tissue injury has been the successful transfer of AE in rats and other animals by means of sensitized lymphoid cells, in contrast to the lack of transfer with immune serum(5–8). In previous AE-transfer studies reported from this laboratory, the donor lymphoid cells were injected into the recipient rats via the intravenous route(3–5,9). The purpose of this paper is to describe transfer of the disease in rats using the intracerebral route. In circumventing the undefined role of the blood-brain-barrier and insuring immediate and direct contact between donor cells and “target” the intracerebral route offers an additional and particularly advantageous system for the study of AE. Methods. Donor rats and cell suspensions. Rats of the Lewis strain were employed as donors.§ This is a highly inbred and isohistogenic strain based on skin grafting criteria (10). The donors were sensitized by intracutaneous injection of 0.7 ml (0.1 ml in each of 7 sites) of a standard guinea pig spinal cord-adjuvant inoculum as described previously(5,9). The donors were sacrificed 9 days after sensitization—a time previously found to be optimal for intravenous transfer of AE within the Lewis rat strain(4). Lymph nodes draining injection sites (cervical, paratracheal, axillary and pectoral) were processed following previously described methods (5,9).","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"267-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30157
S AL-ASKARI, H S LAWRENCE, L THOMAS
Summary 1. Tolerance of syngeneic male skin grafts has been induced by repeated inoculation of male spleen microsomes to very young females. 2. Such treatment begun during adult life failed to induce tolerance but resulted in prolongation of graft survival in some of the treated females.
{"title":"STUDIES ON INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE OF THE Y CHROMOSOME ANTIGEN BY SPLEEN MICROSOMES.","authors":"S AL-ASKARI, H S LAWRENCE, L THOMAS","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30157","url":null,"abstract":"Summary 1. Tolerance of syngeneic male skin grafts has been induced by repeated inoculation of male spleen microsomes to very young females. 2. Such treatment begun during adult life failed to induce tolerance but resulted in prolongation of graft survival in some of the treated females.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"275-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30160
L W GORHAM, C WAYMOUTH
Summary and conclusions 1. Fell first reported osteogenesis in chick embryo limb buds cultured in vitro in a plasma clot in 1928. Since that time several attempts to repeat her work using a completely-defined chemical medium have failed. Except in one instance, success was achieved only when biologic supplements, e.g., embryo extract or bovine serum albumin, were added to the medium. 2. This communication reports differentiation of embryonic cartilage and bone of the mouse in vitro using a new, completely-defined chemical medium (MAB87/3) which is the simplest thus far reported. Biologic supplements were not necessary. 3. The 14-day embryo limb rudiment develops a rim of perichondrial bone after 5 days of culture in this medium. A further increase in amount of new bone was visible after 12 days of culture.
{"title":"DIFFERENTIATION IN VITRO OF EMBRYONIC CARTILAGE AND BONE IN A CHEMICALLY-DEFINED MEDIUM.","authors":"L W GORHAM, C WAYMOUTH","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30160","url":null,"abstract":"Summary and conclusions 1. Fell first reported osteogenesis in chick embryo limb buds cultured in vitro in a plasma clot in 1928. Since that time several attempts to repeat her work using a completely-defined chemical medium have failed. Except in one instance, success was achieved only when biologic supplements, e.g., embryo extract or bovine serum albumin, were added to the medium. 2. This communication reports differentiation of embryonic cartilage and bone of the mouse in vitro using a new, completely-defined chemical medium (MAB87/3) which is the simplest thus far reported. Biologic supplements were not necessary. 3. The 14-day embryo limb rudiment develops a rim of perichondrial bone after 5 days of culture in this medium. A further increase in amount of new bone was visible after 12 days of culture.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"287-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30094
E M MASTERS
Summary Dissociated interscapular fat pads of 1-3-day-old rats were studied in monolayer cultures. The fat cells were observed to form islands of epithelioid cells which were clearly distinguishable from fibroblasts. Addition of insulin to cultures induced hypertrophy of adipose cells and increased the number and size of their fatty droplets. The fibroblasts were unaffected.
{"title":"MONOLAYER CULTURES OF BROWN FAT CELLS.","authors":"E M MASTERS","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30094","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Dissociated interscapular fat pads of 1-3-day-old rats were studied in monolayer cultures. The fat cells were observed to form islands of epithelioid cells which were clearly distinguishable from fibroblasts. Addition of insulin to cultures induced hypertrophy of adipose cells and increased the number and size of their fatty droplets. The fibroblasts were unaffected.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"44-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30086
N B SCHWARTZ, D CALDARELLI
Summary Plasma LH was measured by the one-hour OAA depletion assay in cyclic, ovariectomized and hypophysectomized rats. Plasma collected between 2:30 and 3:50 PM of proestrus contained as much circulating LH as is seen following ovariectomy; not as much LH was in plasma at the same time on the afternoon of estrus. The 5-day cyclic rats had significantly more LH in plasma at both proestrus and estrus than was found in 4-day cyclic rats. Pentobarbital administered at 2 PM (at a dose level which blocks ovulation in the proestrous 4-day rat) reduced plasma OAA depleting activity to the minimal amount found in hypophysectomized rats.
{"title":"PLASMA LH IN CYCLIC FEMALE RATS.","authors":"N B SCHWARTZ, D CALDARELLI","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30086","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Plasma LH was measured by the one-hour OAA depletion assay in cyclic, ovariectomized and hypophysectomized rats. Plasma collected between 2:30 and 3:50 PM of proestrus contained as much circulating LH as is seen following ovariectomy; not as much LH was in plasma at the same time on the afternoon of estrus. The 5-day cyclic rats had significantly more LH in plasma at both proestrus and estrus than was found in 4-day cyclic rats. Pentobarbital administered at 2 PM (at a dose level which blocks ovulation in the proestrous 4-day rat) reduced plasma OAA depleting activity to the minimal amount found in hypophysectomized rats.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30135
O MALLER, M R KARE
Summary Domestication has altered the response of rats to sweet solutions. Fluid intake with all the sweeteners was lower and relatively constant for the wild rats. However, both wild and domesticated rats exhibited a qualitatively similar preference for the carbohydrate solutions. The domestic rat selected non-nutritive saccharin to a significantly greater degree, while the wild rat responded to toxic xylose with a reduced preference. Although the caloric intake of the wild rats was larger and was obtained to a greater degree from the ration, they gained no more weight than did the domesticated rat. Since body weights were similar, and the wild rat consumed less water and more food it follows that the wild rat functions with a lower ratio of water to caloric intake. Under the conditions of the experiment the domestic rat was indulgent with the sweet solutions, responding less to the nutritional and toxic consequences than did its wild counterpart.
{"title":"SELECTION AND INTAKE OF CARBOHYDRATES BY WILD AND DOMESTICATED RATS.","authors":"O MALLER, M R KARE","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30135","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Domestication has altered the response of rats to sweet solutions. Fluid intake with all the sweeteners was lower and relatively constant for the wild rats. However, both wild and domesticated rats exhibited a qualitatively similar preference for the carbohydrate solutions. The domestic rat selected non-nutritive saccharin to a significantly greater degree, while the wild rat responded to toxic xylose with a reduced preference. Although the caloric intake of the wild rats was larger and was obtained to a greater degree from the ration, they gained no more weight than did the domesticated rat. Since body weights were similar, and the wild rat consumed less water and more food it follows that the wild rat functions with a lower ratio of water to caloric intake. Under the conditions of the experiment the domestic rat was indulgent with the sweet solutions, responding less to the nutritional and toxic consequences than did its wild counterpart.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"199-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：