Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30146
H J GRADY, D L AZARNOFF, R CREAGAR, D H HUFFMAN, J NICHOLS
Summary Dog adrenal glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase is inhibited by DDD feeding while the same enzyme is not changed in the adrenals of similarly treated rats. The activity of the liver enzyme is not affected in either species. Inhibition of neither purified yeast G-6-PDH, normal liver, nor adrenal enzyme could be demonstrated after addition of DDD to incubation mixtures. DDD feeding does not decrease the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the liver or adrenal of either species. No effect of DDD on dog liver Cortisol reductase could be demonstrated. Direct evidence for lack of effect of this drug on rat adrenal steroid secretion rate is presented.
{"title":"SPECIFICITY OF ENZYME INHIBITION BY DDD.","authors":"H J GRADY, D L AZARNOFF, R CREAGAR, D H HUFFMAN, J NICHOLS","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30146","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Dog adrenal glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase is inhibited by DDD feeding while the same enzyme is not changed in the adrenals of similarly treated rats. The activity of the liver enzyme is not affected in either species. Inhibition of neither purified yeast G-6-PDH, normal liver, nor adrenal enzyme could be demonstrated after addition of DDD to incubation mixtures. DDD feeding does not decrease the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the liver or adrenal of either species. No effect of DDD on dog liver Cortisol reductase could be demonstrated. Direct evidence for lack of effect of this drug on rat adrenal steroid secretion rate is presented.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"238-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30149
A P KIMBALL, G A LEPAGE, B BOWMAN, S J HERRIOT
Summary Two purinethiol nucleosides, α-2′-deoxythioguanosine and arabinosyl-6-mercaptopurine, suppress the homograft response in mice without producing host toxicity. Graft survivals were increased at dosage levels that, in the latter case, produced little or no inhibition of the induction of humoral antibodies.
{"title":"SUPPRESSION OF THE HOMOGRAFT RESPONSE BY PURINETHIOL NUCLEOSIDES.","authors":"A P KIMBALL, G A LEPAGE, B BOWMAN, S J HERRIOT","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30149","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Two purinethiol nucleosides, α-2′-deoxythioguanosine and arabinosyl-6-mercaptopurine, suppress the homograft response in mice without producing host toxicity. Graft survivals were increased at dosage levels that, in the latter case, produced little or no inhibition of the induction of humoral antibodies.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"248-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30150
A TAYLOR, N C TAYLOR
Summary In 54 tests involving 991 mice bearing transplanted tumors and 58 tests including 1817 tumor-bearing eggs, data were obtained which indicated a statistically significant acceleration of tumor tissue growth in association with comparatively low levels of NaF.
{"title":"EFFECT OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON TUMOR GROWTH.","authors":"A TAYLOR, N C TAYLOR","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30150","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In 54 tests involving 991 mice bearing transplanted tumors and 58 tests including 1817 tumor-bearing eggs, data were obtained which indicated a statistically significant acceleration of tumor tissue growth in association with comparatively low levels of NaF.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"252-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30109
B W WILSON, D W PETERSON, A L LILYBLADE
Summary The free amino acid patterns of leg and breast muscles were studied during the development of normal and dystrophic chickens from the 14-day-old embryo to the 2-week-old chick. Although these patterns changed with time little difference was found between muscles or strains until after hatching. An unidentified ninhydrin positive substance (CX) was present at high levels in the muscles of 18- to 20-day-old embryos and day-old chicks; CX rapidly declined in all but the dystrophic breast muscle by the time the chicks were 2 weeks of age. Its subsequent disappearance was accompanied by the appearance of serine ethanolamine phosphate, which occurs characteristically in dystrophic breast muscle. Taurine, also occurring at high levels in the embryo, remained high in dystrophic chick breast muscle. The results indicate that dystrophic chick muscle retains some embryonic properties and that this form of muscular dystrophy involves changes in muscle development.
{"title":"FREE AMINO ACIDS OF DEVELOPING SKELETAL MUSCULATURE OF NORMAL AND GENETICALLY DYSTROPHIC CHICKENS.","authors":"B W WILSON, D W PETERSON, A L LILYBLADE","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30109","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The free amino acid patterns of leg and breast muscles were studied during the development of normal and dystrophic chickens from the 14-day-old embryo to the 2-week-old chick. Although these patterns changed with time little difference was found between muscles or strains until after hatching. An unidentified ninhydrin positive substance (CX) was present at high levels in the muscles of 18- to 20-day-old embryos and day-old chicks; CX rapidly declined in all but the dystrophic breast muscle by the time the chicks were 2 weeks of age. Its subsequent disappearance was accompanied by the appearance of serine ethanolamine phosphate, which occurs characteristically in dystrophic breast muscle. Taurine, also occurring at high levels in the embryo, remained high in dystrophic chick breast muscle. The results indicate that dystrophic chick muscle retains some embryonic properties and that this form of muscular dystrophy involves changes in muscle development.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"104-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30123
S BANERJEE, P N RAO, A BANDYOPADHYAY
Summary Different fractions of plasma lipids and lipid content of tissues were determined in hypercholesteremic pigeons. Hypercholesteremia was produced by feeding sesame oil and cholesterol. Hypercholesteremic pigeons had significantly higher levels of plasma β-lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, β-lipoprotein percentage and increased β:α lipoprotein ratio; increased cholesterol in the liver and carcass; increased phospholipid in the liver; increased total lipid in the liver and diminished total lipid in the heart and skin. There had been no interrelationships between plasma levels and tissue distribution of lipids. Hypercholesteremia disturbed the lipid metabolism in pigeons.
{"title":"PLASMA AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN HYPERCHOLESTEREMIC PIGEONS.","authors":"S BANERJEE, P N RAO, A BANDYOPADHYAY","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30123","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Different fractions of plasma lipids and lipid content of tissues were determined in hypercholesteremic pigeons. Hypercholesteremia was produced by feeding sesame oil and cholesterol. Hypercholesteremic pigeons had significantly higher levels of plasma β-lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, β-lipoprotein percentage and increased β:α lipoprotein ratio; increased cholesterol in the liver and carcass; increased phospholipid in the liver; increased total lipid in the liver and diminished total lipid in the heart and skin. There had been no interrelationships between plasma levels and tissue distribution of lipids. Hypercholesteremia disturbed the lipid metabolism in pigeons.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"150-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30137
P J DAWSON, A H FIELDSTEEL, W L BOSTICK
Discussion and Summary The results show that neither estradiol nor mitomycin C influence the replication of Friend virus as judged by virus titer in the spleen, although both inhibit development of the leukemia following inoculation of cell-free virus (1,2). The results also show that mitomycin C, TEM, 6MP and urethane inhibited the growth of cellular implants of a transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma variant of Friend leukemia, although none of these substances affected the concentration of virus in either the spleen or tumor. Estradiol occupied an anomalous position in that it inhibited the development of splenomegaly in animals receiving both cell-free virus and tumor transplants, but did not inhibit the growth of the subcutaneous tumor. While these drugs influence the response to Friend virus, it seems likely that their withdrawal, even after complete suppression of the original cellular response, would be followed by recrudescence of leukemia from new foci of neoplasia induced by the large amount of virus in the tissues. Evidence to support this concept has been reported for Maloney virus by Glynn et al (6). The fallacy of using only one parameter in assessing the results of chemotherapy is highlighted. In the case of virus-induced neoplasms, treatment should ideally inhibit the growth of both the neoplastic cells and the virus.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DRUGS ON CELL AND VIRUS GROWTH IN FRIEND LEUKEMIA AND A TUMOR VARIANT.","authors":"P J DAWSON, A H FIELDSTEEL, W L BOSTICK","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30137","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion and Summary The results show that neither estradiol nor mitomycin C influence the replication of Friend virus as judged by virus titer in the spleen, although both inhibit development of the leukemia following inoculation of cell-free virus (1,2). The results also show that mitomycin C, TEM, 6MP and urethane inhibited the growth of cellular implants of a transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma variant of Friend leukemia, although none of these substances affected the concentration of virus in either the spleen or tumor. Estradiol occupied an anomalous position in that it inhibited the development of splenomegaly in animals receiving both cell-free virus and tumor transplants, but did not inhibit the growth of the subcutaneous tumor. While these drugs influence the response to Friend virus, it seems likely that their withdrawal, even after complete suppression of the original cellular response, would be followed by recrudescence of leukemia from new foci of neoplasia induced by the large amount of virus in the tissues. Evidence to support this concept has been reported for Maloney virus by Glynn et al (6). The fallacy of using only one parameter in assessing the results of chemotherapy is highlighted. In the case of virus-induced neoplasms, treatment should ideally inhibit the growth of both the neoplastic cells and the virus.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"206-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30148
R L WOLF, M MENDLOWITZ, L J SOFFER, J ROBOZ, S E GITLOW
Summary Synthetic beta1-24 corticotropin has been labeled with I131 and intravenously administered to normal subjects. Analysis of the blood radioactivity following intravenous administration of beta1-24 corticotropin-I131 revealed that this substance has an apparent space of distribution of 43% of the body weight and a plasma half-life of 7 minutes.
{"title":"METABOLISM OF CORTICOTROPIN IN MAN.","authors":"R L WOLF, M MENDLOWITZ, L J SOFFER, J ROBOZ, S E GITLOW","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30148","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Synthetic beta1-24 corticotropin has been labeled with I131 and intravenously administered to normal subjects. Analysis of the blood radioactivity following intravenous administration of beta1-24 corticotropin-I131 revealed that this substance has an apparent space of distribution of 43% of the body weight and a plasma half-life of 7 minutes.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"244-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30083
G E GIFFORD
Summary Alkaline hydrolysates of yeast ribonucleic acid were found to inhibit markedly plaque formation by vaccinia and chikungunya viruses in chick embryo fibroblast monolayers. Mononucleotides were subsequently implicated and shown to inhibit vaccinia virus plaque formation. Adenosine monophosphate was the most effective of the nucleotides tested in inhibiting vaccinia virus and the inhibition could be reversed with mixtures of the mononucleotides.
{"title":"INHIBITORY EFFECT OF MONONUCLEOTIDES ON VIRUS PLAQUE FORMATION.","authors":"G E GIFFORD","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30083","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Alkaline hydrolysates of yeast ribonucleic acid were found to inhibit markedly plaque formation by vaccinia and chikungunya viruses in chick embryo fibroblast monolayers. Mononucleotides were subsequently implicated and shown to inhibit vaccinia virus plaque formation. Adenosine monophosphate was the most effective of the nucleotides tested in inhibiting vaccinia virus and the inhibition could be reversed with mixtures of the mononucleotides.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40798140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30124
C HANNOUN, M V FERNANDES, A MACIEIRA-COELHO
Summary Plaque formation, observation of cytopathic effect, immunofluorescence and mouse inoculation were used variously to evaluate some aspects of cortisone acetate on infection of diploid human embryonic fibroblastic cultures with polio, rabies and yellow fever viruses. Cortisone did not affect poliovirus directly, but did inhibit plaque production when cells were subjected to many passages in its presence. Accumulation of cytopathic effect and spread of virus in cultures infected with rabies virus before serial subculture both were inhibited by cortisone in passage medium. Cortisone exerted a similar cumulative effect on virus production by cells infected with yellow fever virus, and an immediate inhibition of cytopathic response, but both virus production and cytopathic effect returned on removal of cortisone from medium. The findings suggested a cumulative but non-selective effect of cortisone on cellular capacity to respond to virus infection.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CORTISONE ON IN VITRO VIRAL INFECTION. I. INHIBITION OF CYTOPATHOGENESIS BY POLIO, RABIES AND YELLOW FEVER VIRUSES IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC CELLS.","authors":"C HANNOUN, M V FERNANDES, A MACIEIRA-COELHO","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30124","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Plaque formation, observation of cytopathic effect, immunofluorescence and mouse inoculation were used variously to evaluate some aspects of cortisone acetate on infection of diploid human embryonic fibroblastic cultures with polio, rabies and yellow fever viruses. Cortisone did not affect poliovirus directly, but did inhibit plaque production when cells were subjected to many passages in its presence. Accumulation of cytopathic effect and spread of virus in cultures infected with rabies virus before serial subculture both were inhibited by cortisone in passage medium. Cortisone exerted a similar cumulative effect on virus production by cells infected with yellow fever virus, and an immediate inhibition of cytopathic response, but both virus production and cytopathic effect returned on removal of cortisone from medium. The findings suggested a cumulative but non-selective effect of cortisone on cellular capacity to respond to virus infection.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"153-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40885506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1965-05-01DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30151
A D KENNY, W W FLEMING
Summary Adrenalectomy in rats has been shown to enhance the hyperglycemic response mediated by the β-receptor (isoproterenol in the fasted rat) but not that mediated by the α-receptor (norepinephrine in the fed rat). The enhanced β-effect is apparently the result of a greater depletion of muscle glycogen. Hyperglycemic responses to epinephrine in fasted animals are enhanced in the lower dose range and depressed at higher doses. This is explained in terms of the effect of epinephrine on both α- and β-receptors. The importance of using both fed and fasted rats and dose-response curves rather than single doses in assessing the effects of adrenalectomy is demonstrated.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON HYPERGLYCEMIE RESPONSES OF FED AND FASTED RATS TO CATECHOLAMINES.","authors":"A D KENNY, W W FLEMING","doi":"10.3181/00379727-119-30151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-119-30151","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Adrenalectomy in rats has been shown to enhance the hyperglycemic response mediated by the β-receptor (isoproterenol in the fasted rat) but not that mediated by the α-receptor (norepinephrine in the fed rat). The enhanced β-effect is apparently the result of a greater depletion of muscle glycogen. Hyperglycemic responses to epinephrine in fasted animals are enhanced in the lower dose range and depressed at higher doses. This is explained in terms of the effect of epinephrine on both α- and β-receptors. The importance of using both fed and fasted rats and dose-response curves rather than single doses in assessing the effects of adrenalectomy is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":20675,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"255-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3181/00379727-119-30151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40796555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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