This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment method to predict the potential risks of liquid ammonia tanks. The method combines probabilistic prediction and consequence assessment: the former is predicted by Bayesian networks derived from bow‐tie mapping, in which the conditional probabilities are determined by analytic hierarchy process, the latter is calculated based on numerical simulation of accident consequences and Probit probability model. The application results show that the method can be used for quantitative risk assessment of liquid ammonia storage tank, and the Bayesian network model is efficient and stable, which can realize risk prediction, accident causes analysis and risk mitigation analysis. Human errors during production or maintenance and corrosion are the main causes of liquid ammonia leakage. Toxicity has the greatest effect on the risk of liquid ammonia tanks. Risk mitigation measures can significantly reduce individual risk and societal risk. The obtained results provide meaningful guidance for the prevention and risk mitigation strategies of liquid ammonia leakage accidents, so as to improve the safety level of liquid ammonia during storage.
{"title":"Risk assessment of liquid ammonia tanks based on Bayesian network and Probit model","authors":"Cheng Zhang, Ziyun Wang, Xingbai Chen, Yue Xiang","doi":"10.1002/prs.12560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12560","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment method to predict the potential risks of liquid ammonia tanks. The method combines probabilistic prediction and consequence assessment: the former is predicted by Bayesian networks derived from bow‐tie mapping, in which the conditional probabilities are determined by analytic hierarchy process, the latter is calculated based on numerical simulation of accident consequences and Probit probability model. The application results show that the method can be used for quantitative risk assessment of liquid ammonia storage tank, and the Bayesian network model is efficient and stable, which can realize risk prediction, accident causes analysis and risk mitigation analysis. Human errors during production or maintenance and corrosion are the main causes of liquid ammonia leakage. Toxicity has the greatest effect on the risk of liquid ammonia tanks. Risk mitigation measures can significantly reduce individual risk and societal risk. The obtained results provide meaningful guidance for the prevention and risk mitigation strategies of liquid ammonia leakage accidents, so as to improve the safety level of liquid ammonia during storage.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"344 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138553505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riser shutdown valves (SDVs) are installed to isolate hydrocarbon through a subsea pipeline or to protect platforms and personnel from an unintended release of hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, the volume of gas leaking through the SDV is sometimes beyond the predetermined criteria. Therefore, a quantitative risk assessment is needed by conducting cost–benefit analysis (CBA). This is the methodology of this study. First, we carry out a frequency analysis to calculate the frequency of release from an isolatable section using an estimate of the release frequency, event tree analysis, and escalation from consequence modeling. Second, we study the consequences of modeling. Third, we carry out risk analysis and evaluation. Fourth, we do CBA calculation. Fifth, we consider the other perspectives. The results of this study can predict the possibility of riser SDV leakage in offshore facilities during the aging period and optimize operating and investment costs while maintaining safety to reduce the possibility of fire explosions. It poses a challenge because of the complexity of operational systems involving multiple potential contributors and multiple safety measures. The study results show that the probability of fire prediction at SDV with processing facilities increases from 8.10 × 10−09 to 7.93 × 10−05 for the worst case scenario. Case studies show that application of the CBA model can be used to optimize the allocation of safety investments.
{"title":"Implementation of quantitative risk and cost–benefit analysis in an aging offshore facility","authors":"Khoir Lazuardi, Anggraini Ratih Kumaraningrum, Heri Hermansyah","doi":"10.1002/prs.12558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12558","url":null,"abstract":"Riser shutdown valves (SDVs) are installed to isolate hydrocarbon through a subsea pipeline or to protect platforms and personnel from an unintended release of hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, the volume of gas leaking through the SDV is sometimes beyond the predetermined criteria. Therefore, a quantitative risk assessment is needed by conducting cost–benefit analysis (CBA). This is the methodology of this study. First, we carry out a frequency analysis to calculate the frequency of release from an isolatable section using an estimate of the release frequency, event tree analysis, and escalation from consequence modeling. Second, we study the consequences of modeling. Third, we carry out risk analysis and evaluation. Fourth, we do CBA calculation. Fifth, we consider the other perspectives. The results of this study can predict the possibility of riser SDV leakage in offshore facilities during the aging period and optimize operating and investment costs while maintaining safety to reduce the possibility of fire explosions. It poses a challenge because of the complexity of operational systems involving multiple potential contributors and multiple safety measures. The study results show that the probability of fire prediction at SDV with processing facilities increases from 8.10 × 10<sup>−09</sup> to 7.93 × 10<sup>−05</sup> for the worst case scenario. Case studies show that application of the CBA model can be used to optimize the allocation of safety investments.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138494091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingui Wang, Zhixing Liang, Jiacheng Lin, Hong Feng, Su Zhang
The explosion venting experiments of hydrogen-air premixed gas were carried out in a 1-m3 cuboid container. The effects of the obstacles parallel to the vent on the structural response of the container during the explosion venting were investigated. The internal overpressure and acceleration of the vessel wall were captured by acceleration and pressure sensors, respectively. The time–frequency distributions of pressure and acceleration were obtained by a Short-Time Fast Fourier Transform. The effects of obstacles on the dynamic structure response were studied by analyzing the internal overpressure, vibration acceleration, and high-speed videos. With the increase of obstacles, the maximum overpressure and vessel vibration increased, and the maximum overpressure and maximum vibration acceleration appeared earlier. The vibration signals had two dominant frequencies, 300-600 Hz and 900-1200 Hz. The low-frequency vibration (300–600 Hz) was induced by acoustic oscillation of the internal pressure. The high-frequency vibration (900–1200 Hz) was a container resonance triggered by the coupling of the flame and the acoustic wave. As VBR increased, the duration of high-frequency oscillations decreased gradually; the increase of obstacles would weaken the high-frequency structural response of the container. The results can guide the design of hydrogen explosion protection and mitigation measures.
{"title":"Structural response for vented hydrogen-air deflagrations: Effects of volumetric blockage ratio","authors":"Jingui Wang, Zhixing Liang, Jiacheng Lin, Hong Feng, Su Zhang","doi":"10.1002/prs.12555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12555","url":null,"abstract":"The explosion venting experiments of hydrogen-air premixed gas were carried out in a 1-m<sup>3</sup> cuboid container. The effects of the obstacles parallel to the vent on the structural response of the container during the explosion venting were investigated. The internal overpressure and acceleration of the vessel wall were captured by acceleration and pressure sensors, respectively. The time–frequency distributions of pressure and acceleration were obtained by a Short-Time Fast Fourier Transform. The effects of obstacles on the dynamic structure response were studied by analyzing the internal overpressure, vibration acceleration, and high-speed videos. With the increase of obstacles, the maximum overpressure and vessel vibration increased, and the maximum overpressure and maximum vibration acceleration appeared earlier. The vibration signals had two dominant frequencies, 300-600 Hz and 900-1200 Hz. The low-frequency vibration (300–600 Hz) was induced by acoustic oscillation of the internal pressure. The high-frequency vibration (900–1200 Hz) was a container resonance triggered by the coupling of the flame and the acoustic wave. As VBR increased, the duration of high-frequency oscillations decreased gradually; the increase of obstacles would weaken the high-frequency structural response of the container. The results can guide the design of hydrogen explosion protection and mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to effectively utilize data related to building construction accidents by delving deeply into the correlations between key causes and accident attributes. Firstly, the authors gathered 1134 accident investigation reports and employed the “5W1H” analysis method to extract six types of accident attributes: time, location, cause category, activity, building type, and accident type. Subsequently, a word cloud map was employed to identify the primary direct causes, and the correlation characteristics among the four cause categories were analyzed. Finally, a heterogeneous correlation network of building construction accident attributes was constructed using Gephi software. Topological parameters were introduced to analyze the relationships among the six accident attributes. The results indicate that a complex network can effectively analyze the interplay among various construction accident attributes, thus revealing the correlation laws and accident characteristics between various accident attributes. The set of key nodes is represented as {F1, F2, B2, B17, F3, B4, B16, B5, F4, B15, D20}. Thirteen highly correlated sets of accident attributes were identified, highlighting the need for collaborative accident prevention strategies. These findings have the potential to visually present accident knowledge, offering innovative insights for the analysis of building construction accidents.
{"title":"Interaction effect of building construction accident attributes based on complex network","authors":"Dongqiang Cao, Lianping Cheng","doi":"10.1002/prs.12556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12556","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to effectively utilize data related to building construction accidents by delving deeply into the correlations between key causes and accident attributes. Firstly, the authors gathered 1134 accident investigation reports and employed the “5W1H” analysis method to extract six types of accident attributes: time, location, cause category, activity, building type, and accident type. Subsequently, a word cloud map was employed to identify the primary direct causes, and the correlation characteristics among the four cause categories were analyzed. Finally, a heterogeneous correlation network of building construction accident attributes was constructed using Gephi software. Topological parameters were introduced to analyze the relationships among the six accident attributes. The results indicate that a complex network can effectively analyze the interplay among various construction accident attributes, thus revealing the correlation laws and accident characteristics between various accident attributes. The set of key nodes is represented as {F1, F2, B2, B17, F3, B4, B16, B5, F4, B15, D20}. Thirteen highly correlated sets of accident attributes were identified, highlighting the need for collaborative accident prevention strategies. These findings have the potential to visually present accident knowledge, offering innovative insights for the analysis of building construction accidents.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hydrocracking unit operates at high temperature, high pressure, and near hydrogen, which can be susceptible to fire and explosions accidents due to equipment failure. Therefore, it is essential to identify and analyze the risk factors. The dynamic simulation-based quantitative hazard and operability (HAZOP) study can effectively and purposefully quantify deviations and consequences as well as reduce the redundancy of safety analysis results. Furthermore, the time parameter is introduced through dynamic simulation, which reflects more realistically the dynamic characteristics of the system in the event of a fault. In this paper, we take the process flow of the absorbing-stabilizing system of an actual hydrocracking unit in a refining company as an example and carry out steady-state and dynamic simulations for the deviations of pressure, temperature, and liquid level with the help of Aspen Plus V11 and Aspen Plus Dynamics V11 software to complete the dynamic simulation-based quantitative HAZOP analysis.
加氢裂化装置在高温、高压和靠近氢气的环境中运行，由于设备故障容易发生火灾和爆炸事故。因此，识别和分析风险因素至关重要。基于动态仿真的定量危害和可操作性(HAZOP)研究可以有效、有目的地量化偏差和后果，减少安全分析结果的冗余。通过动态仿真引入时间参数，更真实地反映系统发生故障时的动态特性。本文以某炼油公司实际加氢裂化装置吸稳系统工艺流程为例，借助Aspen Plus V11和Aspen Plus Dynamics V11软件对压力、温度、液位偏差进行稳态和动态模拟，完成基于动态模拟的定量HAZOP分析。
{"title":"Dynamic simulation-based quantitative hazard and operability process hazard analysis for a hydrocracking unit","authors":"Jialin Yi, Haiyan Wang, Jiguo Zhang","doi":"10.1002/prs.12548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12548","url":null,"abstract":"A hydrocracking unit operates at high temperature, high pressure, and near hydrogen, which can be susceptible to fire and explosions accidents due to equipment failure. Therefore, it is essential to identify and analyze the risk factors. The dynamic simulation-based quantitative hazard and operability (HAZOP) study can effectively and purposefully quantify deviations and consequences as well as reduce the redundancy of safety analysis results. Furthermore, the time parameter is introduced through dynamic simulation, which reflects more realistically the dynamic characteristics of the system in the event of a fault. In this paper, we take the process flow of the absorbing-stabilizing system of an actual hydrocracking unit in a refining company as an example and carry out steady-state and dynamic simulations for the deviations of pressure, temperature, and liquid level with the help of Aspen Plus V11 and Aspen Plus Dynamics V11 software to complete the dynamic simulation-based quantitative HAZOP analysis.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric R. Languirand, Cecilia H. Phung, Steven R. Hanna, Kathy L. Crouse
Anhydrous ammonia is transported via ship, rail, and road everyday in the United States as a refrigerated liquid at ambient pressure. As a result, unintential release of a large amount of anhydrous ammonia could result from an accident during transportation. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from porous media. In our investigation, laboratory-scale concrete coupons were used as a surrogate for a larger concrete pad that could be present in an event involving an unintentional release of liquid anhydrous ammonia. Concrete coupons sized 5 cm × 5 cm × 1.9 cm were saturated in liquid anhydrous ammonia, and measurements of the subsequent evaporation from the coupons were made in an environmental chamber. The ambient air temperature within the chamber varied from 5 to 45°C, and the relative humidity varied from 5% to 75%. Mass-difference calculation and Berthelot's reaction were used to determine the average evaporation rate from a concrete coupon across all trials, which was found to be 6.5 ± 1.9 mg/s. To validate these evaporation rates, the remaining ammonia in the concrete coupon was measured for each trial. We found that the time-integrated calculated evaporation rates correlated well with the total mass of ammonia that was lost from the coupons. In addition, it was found that ambient air temperature and relative humidity had little influence on anhydrous ammonia evaporation from the concrete coupons.
在美国，无水氨每天都以常温下的冷冻液体的形式通过船舶、铁路和公路运输。因此，在运输过程中意外释放大量无水氨可能会导致事故。本文的目的是为了更好地理解无水氨从多孔介质中的蒸发。在我们的调查中，实验室规模的混凝土券被用作更大的混凝土垫的替代品，可能存在于涉及无意中释放液体无水氨的事件中。尺寸为5 cm × 5 cm × 1.9 cm的混凝土薄片在液体无水氨中饱和，并在环境室中测量薄片随后的蒸发。试验室内环境温度为5 ~ 45℃，相对湿度为5% ~ 75%。质量差计算和贝特洛反应用于确定所有试验中混凝土片的平均蒸发速率，发现其为6.5±1.9 mg/s。为了验证这些蒸发速率，在每次试验中测量混凝土中剩余的氨。我们发现，时间积分计算的蒸发速率与从优惠券中损失的氨总质量具有良好的相关性。此外，环境空气温度和相对湿度对混凝土板无水氨蒸发影响不大。
{"title":"Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete","authors":"Eric R. Languirand, Cecilia H. Phung, Steven R. Hanna, Kathy L. Crouse","doi":"10.1002/prs.12551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12551","url":null,"abstract":"Anhydrous ammonia is transported via ship, rail, and road everyday in the United States as a refrigerated liquid at ambient pressure. As a result, unintential release of a large amount of anhydrous ammonia could result from an accident during transportation. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from porous media. In our investigation, laboratory-scale concrete coupons were used as a surrogate for a larger concrete pad that could be present in an event involving an unintentional release of liquid anhydrous ammonia. Concrete coupons sized 5 cm × 5 cm × 1.9 cm were saturated in liquid anhydrous ammonia, and measurements of the subsequent evaporation from the coupons were made in an environmental chamber. The ambient air temperature within the chamber varied from 5 to 45°C, and the relative humidity varied from 5% to 75%. Mass-difference calculation and Berthelot's reaction were used to determine the average evaporation rate from a concrete coupon across all trials, which was found to be 6.5 ± 1.9 mg/s. To validate these evaporation rates, the remaining ammonia in the concrete coupon was measured for each trial. We found that the time-integrated calculated evaporation rates correlated well with the total mass of ammonia that was lost from the coupons. In addition, it was found that ambient air temperature and relative humidity had little influence on anhydrous ammonia evaporation from the concrete coupons.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process Safety ProgressVolume 42, Issue 4 ISSUE INFORMATIONFree Access Info for Authors First published: 11 November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12381AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume42, Issue4December 2023 RelatedInformation
过程安全进展第42卷，第4期问题信息作者免费访问信息首次发布:2023年11月11日https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12381AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare给予accessShare全文accessShare全文accessShare请查看我们的使用条款和条件，并勾选下面的复选框共享文章的全文版本。我已经阅读并接受了Wiley在线图书馆使用共享链接的条款和条件，请使用下面的链接与您的朋友和同事分享本文的全文版本。学习更多的知识。复制URL共享链接共享一个emailfacebooktwitterlinkedinreddit微信本文无摘要第42卷，第4期2023年12月相关信息
{"title":"Info for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/prs.12381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12381","url":null,"abstract":"Process Safety ProgressVolume 42, Issue 4 ISSUE INFORMATIONFree Access Info for Authors First published: 11 November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12381AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume42, Issue4December 2023 RelatedInformation","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"12 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kotaiba Abugazleh, Hashim Ali, Kwangkook Jeong, Mohammad Abutayeh
Abstract A hypothetical chemical release of Dowtherm–A into the environment was simulated using a chemodynamics code. The chemical release was assumed to come from a concentrating solar power plant adjacent to Lake Tahoe. Dowtherm–A is viscous water‐insoluble nonvolatile oil found mostly in liquid form at standard temperature and pressure; however, trace amounts slowly diffuse into the three environmental phases: air, water, and soil. It is a commercial eutectic binary mixture of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl—both are toxic and flammable. Therminol VP–1 is another commercial heat transfer oil made by Eastman that is essentially the same oil as Dowtherm–A made by Dow: same constituents at equal proportions. Therefore, the results reported in this study apply to both fluids. Solar thermal power generation represents a clean source of energy that almost uses no fossil fuels and thus does not emit any greenhouse gases. However, the oil employed in those solar thermal power plants is dangerous and should be carefully handled to avoid leakage.
{"title":"Fate and transport analysis of a Dowtherm–A chemical release event","authors":"Kotaiba Abugazleh, Hashim Ali, Kwangkook Jeong, Mohammad Abutayeh","doi":"10.1002/prs.12552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12552","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A hypothetical chemical release of Dowtherm–A into the environment was simulated using a chemodynamics code. The chemical release was assumed to come from a concentrating solar power plant adjacent to Lake Tahoe. Dowtherm–A is viscous water‐insoluble nonvolatile oil found mostly in liquid form at standard temperature and pressure; however, trace amounts slowly diffuse into the three environmental phases: air, water, and soil. It is a commercial eutectic binary mixture of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl—both are toxic and flammable. Therminol VP–1 is another commercial heat transfer oil made by Eastman that is essentially the same oil as Dowtherm–A made by Dow: same constituents at equal proportions. Therefore, the results reported in this study apply to both fluids. Solar thermal power generation represents a clean source of energy that almost uses no fossil fuels and thus does not emit any greenhouse gases. However, the oil employed in those solar thermal power plants is dangerous and should be carefully handled to avoid leakage.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":" 695","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the process of submarine oil exploitation and crude oil shipping, the offshore oil leakage accidents occur frequently. In the process of oil spill weathering on the sea, the oil is potentially mixed with water to form oil–water emulsification. The in situ burning is a low‐pollution and high‐efficiency method to eliminate the spilled oil. Meanwhile, as an alternative fuel, the emulsified diesel fuel has the advantage of energy saving and emission reduction. The combustion behaviors of pool fire of diesel fuel–water emulsifications are experimentally studied using three circular fuel reservoirs (10, 15, 20 cm) and five mass proportions of water (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The unsteady combustion process of emulsified diesel fuel is appreciated based on combustion phenomenon, mass burning rate, and flame length. The effects of pool diameter, ratio of water content, and initial fuel thickness on burning rate and flame length are revealed. The primary heat transfer mode in controlling the combustion behavior is explored according to the coupling factors of physical boundary of fuel reservoir, flame, and wall temperatures. This work is of great significance for understanding the combustion behavior of oil spill on the sea and optimizing the removal scheme of oil spill pollutants.
{"title":"Boiling combustion behaviors and heat feedback of pool fire of diesel fuel–water emulsification","authors":"Shenlin Yang, Fang Pu, Licong Zhang, Manhou Li","doi":"10.1002/prs.12554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12554","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the process of submarine oil exploitation and crude oil shipping, the offshore oil leakage accidents occur frequently. In the process of oil spill weathering on the sea, the oil is potentially mixed with water to form oil–water emulsification. The in situ burning is a low‐pollution and high‐efficiency method to eliminate the spilled oil. Meanwhile, as an alternative fuel, the emulsified diesel fuel has the advantage of energy saving and emission reduction. The combustion behaviors of pool fire of diesel fuel–water emulsifications are experimentally studied using three circular fuel reservoirs (10, 15, 20 cm) and five mass proportions of water (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The unsteady combustion process of emulsified diesel fuel is appreciated based on combustion phenomenon, mass burning rate, and flame length. The effects of pool diameter, ratio of water content, and initial fuel thickness on burning rate and flame length are revealed. The primary heat transfer mode in controlling the combustion behavior is explored according to the coupling factors of physical boundary of fuel reservoir, flame, and wall temperatures. This work is of great significance for understanding the combustion behavior of oil spill on the sea and optimizing the removal scheme of oil spill pollutants.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"28 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135681666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
作者声明无利益冲突。数据共享不适用于本文，因为本研究没有创建或分析新的数据。
{"title":"Editorial—Special edition—Papers from the Latin American Congresses on Process Safety 2021 and 2022","authors":"Carmen H. Osorio Amado, Nestor Sposito","doi":"10.1002/prs.12544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12544","url":null,"abstract":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.","PeriodicalId":20680,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety Progress","volume":"18 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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