Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235856
Illia Iatsiuk, Ya. Hotskyi, Y. Korniienko, A. Stepaniuk
Soil fertility is rapidly decreasing due to irrational land use, erosion and soil pollution and adverse weather conditions. The use of composite granular organic-mineral fertilizers that contain mineral and organic components allows the soil fertility to be increased in the most effective and safe manner for the environment. In the production of granular composite fertilizers in a fluidized bed granulator, the process of isothermal mass crystallization is the main parameter that affects the quality. The effect of impurities on the morphological structure of ammonium sulfate microcrystals during mass crystallization on the surface was investigated by means of microscopic analysis. The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the structure and shape of the microcrystal layer was studied. The process of mass crystallization depends on the presence of impurities, pH and temperature. Given the fact that there is no analytical or theoretical dependence describing the influence of impurities on the morphological structure, the influence is determined experimentally. The presence of even a small content of surfactants and other impurities in the ammonium sulfate solution has a significant effect on the morphological structure of ammonium sulfate microcrystals, which is revealed as reduction in the concentration of impurities in ammonium sulfate obtained by coke-chemical method. The pH level of the medium affects the structure and shape of microcrystals: smaller crystals with a layered structure are formed in the case of weakly alkaline medium with pH = 8 and smaller microcrystals with a granular structure are formed in the case of pH = 4. Therefore, it is important to maintain the required pH level of the medium during the mass crystallization of ammonium sulfate. In isothermal mass crystallization of saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with humic compounds and bone meal proceeding on a surface with temperature 90 °C, small elongated crystals with microcrystal sizes from 10 to 100 μm are formed. Impurities of bone meal and humic compounds in the form of inclusions are placed between the crystals of ammonium sulfate: namely, the endosegregation of impurities in the microcrystalline framework is observed. As the concentration of organic matter in the solution increases, which crystallizes as droplets on the surface, rubble and dendrites are formed outside the initial droplet placement. This phenomenon is explained by the increase of diffusion resistance at the center of the drop; as a result, ammonium sulfate crystallizes in the zone with lower resistance. The process of isothermal mass crystallization of saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with admixtures of humic compounds, bone meal and other target components in the specified ratios will create new highly effective fertilizers. The obtained results allow formulating theoretical bases for the formation of solid structures based on ammonium sulfate with admixtures of
{"title":"Features of isothermal crystallization of ammonium sulphate","authors":"Illia Iatsiuk, Ya. Hotskyi, Y. Korniienko, A. Stepaniuk","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235856","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fertility is rapidly decreasing due to irrational land use, erosion and soil pollution and adverse weather conditions. The use of composite granular organic-mineral fertilizers that contain mineral and organic components allows the soil fertility to be increased in the most effective and safe manner for the environment. In the production of granular composite fertilizers in a fluidized bed granulator, the process of isothermal mass crystallization is the main parameter that affects the quality. \u0000The effect of impurities on the morphological structure of ammonium sulfate microcrystals during mass crystallization on the surface was investigated by means of microscopic analysis. The influence of temperature and pH of the solution on the structure and shape of the microcrystal layer was studied. \u0000The process of mass crystallization depends on the presence of impurities, pH and temperature. Given the fact that there is no analytical or theoretical dependence describing the influence of impurities on the morphological structure, the influence is determined experimentally. The presence of even a small content of surfactants and other impurities in the ammonium sulfate solution has a significant effect on the morphological structure of ammonium sulfate microcrystals, which is revealed as reduction in the concentration of impurities in ammonium sulfate obtained by coke-chemical method. The pH level of the medium affects the structure and shape of microcrystals: smaller crystals with a layered structure are formed in the case of weakly alkaline medium with pH = 8 and smaller microcrystals with a granular structure are formed in the case of pH = 4. Therefore, it is important to maintain the required pH level of the medium during the mass crystallization of ammonium sulfate. \u0000In isothermal mass crystallization of saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with humic compounds and bone meal proceeding on a surface with temperature 90 °C, small elongated crystals with microcrystal sizes from 10 to 100 μm are formed. Impurities of bone meal and humic compounds in the form of inclusions are placed between the crystals of ammonium sulfate: namely, the endosegregation of impurities in the microcrystalline framework is observed. As the concentration of organic matter in the solution increases, which crystallizes as droplets on the surface, rubble and dendrites are formed outside the initial droplet placement. This phenomenon is explained by the increase of diffusion resistance at the center of the drop; as a result, ammonium sulfate crystallizes in the zone with lower resistance. \u0000The process of isothermal mass crystallization of saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with admixtures of humic compounds, bone meal and other target components in the specified ratios will create new highly effective fertilizers. The obtained results allow formulating theoretical bases for the formation of solid structures based on ammonium sulfate with admixtures of","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81144439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235853
V. Solovei, Аnton Karvatskii, T. Lazarev, Іgor Mikulionok, I. Omelchuk
Mathematical models of stress-strain state (SSS) for modeling tests of polymer composite samples obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM) in approximations of isotropic and orthotropic media are formulated. An algorithm for solving the inverse SSS problem to determine the effective mechanical properties in the orthotropic approximation of composite products printed by the FDM method has been developed. Numerical models have been developed to solve inverse SSS problems to determine the effective orthotropic mechanical properties of composite products with different degrees of reinforcement, obtained using additive technologies based on the FDM method. The grid convergence of the developed numerical models by the method of double recalculation is investigated. It is established that the used mesh of geometric models of product samples leads to errors in determining the vector of the modulus of elasticity in the range of 0–3.19%, and the vector of the shear modulus does not exceed 0.05–0.2%. Numerical experiments to determine the effective mechanical properties of samples of composite polymeric materials in the approximation of orthotropic homogeneous medium were performed. The obtained results are compared with the data of calculations by analytical dependences to determine the effective mechanical properties of composite materials. It is shown that the results of numerical studies agree satisfactorily with the corresponding data obtained from analytical dependences in the range of 0.081–5.696%. It is established that all three components of the vectors of modulus of elasticity and shear increase with the degree of reinforcement. The largest increase is observed for the components of vectors and , which is due to the reinforcement in the direction , and the difference between the values of the components of vectors and and and is due to the cross-sectional asymmetry of the strand. Dependences for operative prediction of effective orthotropic mechanical properties of composites based on PLA + KEVLAR 29 within the limits of change in the volume fraction of reinforcing fibers up to 5% are obtained. To develop new composite materials with predetermined properties, it is not necessary to perform multivariate, rather complex and cumbersome numerical experiments in solving the inverse SSS problem.
{"title":"Determination of the mechanical properties of 3d-printed polymer products by methods of structural mechanics","authors":"V. Solovei, Аnton Karvatskii, T. Lazarev, Іgor Mikulionok, I. Omelchuk","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235853","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical models of stress-strain state (SSS) for modeling tests of polymer composite samples obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM) in approximations of isotropic and orthotropic media are formulated. An algorithm for solving the inverse SSS problem to determine the effective mechanical properties in the orthotropic approximation of composite products printed by the FDM method has been developed. Numerical models have been developed to solve inverse SSS problems to determine the effective orthotropic mechanical properties of composite products with different degrees of reinforcement, obtained using additive technologies based on the FDM method. The grid convergence of the developed numerical models by the method of double recalculation is investigated. It is established that the used mesh of geometric models of product samples leads to errors in determining the vector of the modulus of elasticity in the range of 0–3.19%, and the vector of the shear modulus does not exceed 0.05–0.2%. Numerical experiments to determine the effective mechanical properties of samples of composite polymeric materials in the approximation of orthotropic homogeneous medium were performed. The obtained results are compared with the data of calculations by analytical dependences to determine the effective mechanical properties of composite materials. It is shown that the results of numerical studies agree satisfactorily with the corresponding data obtained from analytical dependences in the range of 0.081–5.696%. It is established that all three components of the vectors of modulus of elasticity and shear increase with the degree of reinforcement. The largest increase is observed for the components of vectors and , which is due to the reinforcement in the direction , and the difference between the values of the components of vectors and and and is due to the cross-sectional asymmetry of the strand. Dependences for operative prediction of effective orthotropic mechanical properties of composites based on PLA + KEVLAR 29 within the limits of change in the volume fraction of reinforcing fibers up to 5% are obtained. To develop new composite materials with predetermined properties, it is not necessary to perform multivariate, rather complex and cumbersome numerical experiments in solving the inverse SSS problem.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81096380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235869
Yaroslav Radovenchyk, T. Krysenko, M. Poberezhnyi, V. Radovenchyk
The presence of a significant amount of plant and animal organic residues in the environment leads to intensive pollution of natural waters and significant deterioration of water chromaticity. Ukrainian regulatory documents on the quality of drinking water establish a level of 20 degrees for water chromaticity. Hence, in most cases, natural water must be additionally treated before consumption. The coagulation, flocculation, filtration and flotation are today the most widespread methods for normalizing the water chromaticity level. All these processes are quite complex and expensive, require the use of additional reagents and lead to secondary water pollution. The use of materials with capillary properties is a promising method since it simultaneously ensures the liquid phase transport without excess pressure and water cleaning from various pollutants. This method, used to reduce water chromaticity, found that sufficient efficiency could be provided only for the initial water chromaticity level within 20 - 80° CCS and at pH level within 2.0 - 4.0. Under other conditions, all studied tissue samples as a material for capillary filter, such as cotton, linen, polyester and gabardine, did not provide the value of water chromaticity required for drinking water. Even worse results were obtained for water with initial chromaticity more than 80 degrees. Considering that the described method can provide the maximum efficiency only in a highly acidic medium, it is assumed that the surface charge of the capillary filter fibers and humic acid particles could be the critical factor in the reduction of water chromaticity. In a wide pH range, the surface of the humic particles is charged mainly negatively. The surface of cellulose fibers is also negatively charged in the pH range of 2.0 - 11.0. Therefore, the results of experiments can be explained from this point of view. There are no research data in these fields at all. One of the possible ways to improve the efficiency of water chromaticity reduction by the proposed method is to select fabrics with appropriate physicochemical surface properties. Also, capillary filtration process can be treated with special reagents for giving the fiber surface the required charge. Water treatment by series of several connected capillary filters can be a promising way. In general, given the simplicity of the filter design, low total cost of the water treatment process, and zero energy losses, the studied method is quite promising for industrial implementation and needs more detailed research.
{"title":"Reduction of water chromaticity by materials with capillary properties","authors":"Yaroslav Radovenchyk, T. Krysenko, M. Poberezhnyi, V. Radovenchyk","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235869","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of a significant amount of plant and animal organic residues in the environment leads to intensive pollution of natural waters and significant deterioration of water chromaticity. Ukrainian regulatory documents on the quality of drinking water establish a level of 20 degrees for water chromaticity. Hence, in most cases, natural water must be additionally treated before consumption. The coagulation, flocculation, filtration and flotation are today the most widespread methods for normalizing the water chromaticity level. All these processes are quite complex and expensive, require the use of additional reagents and lead to secondary water pollution. The use of materials with capillary properties is a promising method since it simultaneously ensures the liquid phase transport without excess pressure and water cleaning from various pollutants. This method, used to reduce water chromaticity, found that sufficient efficiency could be provided only for the initial water chromaticity level within 20 - 80° CCS and at pH level within 2.0 - 4.0. Under other conditions, all studied tissue samples as a material for capillary filter, such as cotton, linen, polyester and gabardine, did not provide the value of water chromaticity required for drinking water. Even worse results were obtained for water with initial chromaticity more than 80 degrees. Considering that the described method can provide the maximum efficiency only in a highly acidic medium, it is assumed that the surface charge of the capillary filter fibers and humic acid particles could be the critical factor in the reduction of water chromaticity. In a wide pH range, the surface of the humic particles is charged mainly negatively. The surface of cellulose fibers is also negatively charged in the pH range of 2.0 - 11.0. Therefore, the results of experiments can be explained from this point of view. There are no research data in these fields at all. One of the possible ways to improve the efficiency of water chromaticity reduction by the proposed method is to select fabrics with appropriate physicochemical surface properties. Also, capillary filtration process can be treated with special reagents for giving the fiber surface the required charge. Water treatment by series of several connected capillary filters can be a promising way. In general, given the simplicity of the filter design, low total cost of the water treatment process, and zero energy losses, the studied method is quite promising for industrial implementation and needs more detailed research.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87122030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235851
Ya. H. Dvoinos, Pavlo Yevziutin
Regenerative heat exchangers have disadvantages such as low heat transfer coefficient from the nozzle to the gas and high hydraulic resistance due to the design of the nozzles. Wire-mesh nozzles can eliminate these shortcomings of regenerators. Wire-mesh nozzles have low hydraulic resistance and large heat transfer surface. The process of heat and mass transfer in a regenerative heat exchanger is considered. A series of numerical simulation experiments was performed. Theoretically, the optimal configuration of the nozzle was calculated: a plain weave mesh with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm, a weaving step of 2 mm, and a step of placing nets of 1 mm. The operational modes for the regenerator are considered, taking into account the period for drying the nozzle from moisture and the maximum mass of water that can hold the nozzle without the formation of drops. Given the condensation of moisture on the nozzle, the following assumptions are made: There is no temperature and concentration inhomogeneity in the cross section of the regenerator channel; The effect of thermal conductivity in the axial direction in contact between the nozzle elements on the temperature profile of the nozzle is insignificant; The time over which the regenerator is operated between the nozzle drying periods is quite short, and the thickness of the condensate layer does not affect the hydrodynamic mode of the heat regeneration process and the value of the heat transfer coefficient. The duration of the cooling and drying period depends on the humidity of the inlet air and the area of the nozzle. This is due to the need to prevent the accumulation of moisture in the device, which can lead to the reproduction of harmful bacteria and contamination of the nozzle. In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation application, simulation experiments were performed for a regenerator model accounting for the influence of compressed air motion resulting from grouped location of the nozzle elements, and the results are shown in the figures. Comparison of the results from analytical calculations and simulation experiments showed the efficiency of the mathematical model and the possibility of its use in the design calculation of regenerators. Correlation dependences have been established to determine the heat transfer coefficient and hydraulic resistance depending on the hydrodynamic conditions. The mathematical and physical model taking into account the condensation of moisture on the nozzle has been specified. Calculations have been performed for the optimal nozzle made in the form of a plain weave mesh with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm, a weaving step of 2 mm, and a step of placing nets of 1 mm.
{"title":"Parameters of the plain weave meshfor the nozzle of a regenerative heat exchanger","authors":"Ya. H. Dvoinos, Pavlo Yevziutin","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235851","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative heat exchangers have disadvantages such as low heat transfer coefficient from the nozzle to the gas and high hydraulic resistance due to the design of the nozzles. Wire-mesh nozzles can eliminate these shortcomings of regenerators. Wire-mesh nozzles have low hydraulic resistance and large heat transfer surface.\u0000The process of heat and mass transfer in a regenerative heat exchanger is considered. A series of numerical simulation experiments was performed.\u0000Theoretically, the optimal configuration of the nozzle was calculated: a plain weave mesh with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm, a weaving step of 2 mm, and a step of placing nets of 1 mm. The operational modes for the regenerator are considered, taking into account the period for drying the nozzle from moisture and the maximum mass of water that can hold the nozzle without the formation of drops.\u0000Given the condensation of moisture on the nozzle, the following assumptions are made:\u0000\u0000 There is no temperature and concentration inhomogeneity in the cross section of the regenerator channel;\u0000 The effect of thermal conductivity in the axial direction in contact between the nozzle elements on the temperature profile of the nozzle is insignificant;\u0000 The time over which the regenerator is operated between the nozzle drying periods is quite short, and the thickness of the condensate layer does not affect the hydrodynamic mode of the heat regeneration process and the value of the heat transfer coefficient.\u0000\u0000The duration of the cooling and drying period depends on the humidity of the inlet air and the area of the nozzle. This is due to the need to prevent the accumulation of moisture in the device, which can lead to the reproduction of harmful bacteria and contamination of the nozzle.\u0000In the SolidWorks Flow Simulation application, simulation experiments were performed for a regenerator model accounting for the influence of compressed air motion resulting from grouped location of the nozzle elements, and the results are shown in the figures.\u0000Comparison of the results from analytical calculations and simulation experiments showed the efficiency of the mathematical model and the possibility of its use in the design calculation of regenerators.\u0000Correlation dependences have been established to determine the heat transfer coefficient and hydraulic resistance depending on the hydrodynamic conditions. The mathematical and physical model taking into account the condensation of moisture on the nozzle has been specified. Calculations have been performed for the optimal nozzle made in the form of a plain weave mesh with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm, a weaving step of 2 mm, and a step of placing nets of 1 mm.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81609939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235860
L. Bugaieva, Y. Beznosyk
In this study, the objective is to develop an intelligent system for making decisions on the choice of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides using the Case-Based Reasoning- (CBR). The task of automating the selection of effective methods for cleaning waste gases is urgent and meets the paradigm of sustainable development. A database on methods for cleaning exhaust gases from nitrogen and sulfur oxides was created. The potential use of intelligent inference on precedents from the database to select the most appropriate cleaning method for new emission stream data is considered. The work of the CBR method is represented as a life cycle, which has four main stages: Retrieving, Reusing, Revising and Retaining. The following characteristics of precedents were considered: degree of purification, initial concentration, temperature, presence of impurities, obtained product, material consumption, and energy consumption. All of these characteristics (in CBR attributes), except for the fourth and fifth, are given by numerical values with respective units of measurement and can be easily normalized. The presence of impurities and the product are categorical attributes with a certain set of values (classes). One of the main problems in CBR was solved: the problem of choosing the type of indexes. A set of all input characteristics of the precedent as indices is suggested to be used for the proposed decision support system (DSS) for methods of cleaning gas emissions. The first two phases of the CBR lifecycle use the k-nearest neighbor method to Retrieving and Reusing. The Euclidean metric is used to estimate the distances between precedents in the developed system. During the third and fourth phases of CBR, the intervention of the decision maker is provided. The process finishes with the adoption of the found solution and the possible storage of this solution in the base of use cases. An intelligent decision-making system has been developed for the selection of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides based on the method of inference by precedents (CBR), which has been done for the first time for such tasks of chemical technology.
{"title":"Intelligent CBR system for automation of the search process for efficient methods for cleaning exhaust gases","authors":"L. Bugaieva, Y. Beznosyk","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.2.2021.235860","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the objective is to develop an intelligent system for making decisions on the choice of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides using the Case-Based Reasoning- (CBR). The task of automating the selection of effective methods for cleaning waste gases is urgent and meets the paradigm of sustainable development. \u0000A database on methods for cleaning exhaust gases from nitrogen and sulfur oxides was created. The potential use of intelligent inference on precedents from the database to select the most appropriate cleaning method for new emission stream data is considered. The work of the CBR method is represented as a life cycle, which has four main stages: Retrieving, Reusing, Revising and Retaining. \u0000The following characteristics of precedents were considered: degree of purification, initial concentration, temperature, presence of impurities, obtained product, material consumption, and energy consumption. All of these characteristics (in CBR attributes), except for the fourth and fifth, are given by numerical values with respective units of measurement and can be easily normalized. The presence of impurities and the product are categorical attributes with a certain set of values (classes). \u0000One of the main problems in CBR was solved: the problem of choosing the type of indexes. A set of all input characteristics of the precedent as indices is suggested to be used for the proposed decision support system (DSS) for methods of cleaning gas emissions. \u0000The first two phases of the CBR lifecycle use the k-nearest neighbor method to Retrieving and Reusing. The Euclidean metric is used to estimate the distances between precedents in the developed system. During the third and fourth phases of CBR, the intervention of the decision maker is provided. The process finishes with the adoption of the found solution and the possible storage of this solution in the base of use cases. \u0000An intelligent decision-making system has been developed for the selection of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides based on the method of inference by precedents (CBR), which has been done for the first time for such tasks of chemical technology.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90020291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.1.2021.228078
V. Solovei, V Vitalii Oleksyshen
The prevalence of polymers in all spheres of human life necessitates the creation of new more effective composite materials based on polymer matrices and reinforcing fillers, which by their characteristics meet the growing needs of society. In modern industry, production speeds are constantly increasing, so additive technologies are becoming a powerful alternative to traditional single and small-scale production. Among the existing types of additive technologies, the method of fused deposition modeling (FDM) deserves special attention, which provides an opportunity to organize production in conditions of limited material, time and human resources. As opposite to traditional production technologies, such as injection molding, FDM allows you to create products of more complex geometric shapes, using different combinations of polymer matrices and reinforcing fillers and thus create composite materials with the required physico-mechanical, rheological and other properties. At the same time, the main advantages of FDM also cause a number of serious disadvantages, such as anisotropy of the properties of finished products, printing defects that lead to increased yields of defective products, uneven physical and mechanical properties etc. In particular, the anisotropy of the properties of FDM-printed products results in significantly lower strength of the parts in the transverse direction to the 3D printing direction (strand overlay direction) compared to the longitudinal one, and the discontinuity of the reinforcing fibers in the strands of polymeric material leads to reduced strength. The main areas of research to modernize the process of manufacturing products on a 3D printer using the FDM method are: modernization of components and structures of 3D printers to improve the melting process and layering of materials, aimed at improving print quality and speed, as well as reducing defective yield products; improving the properties of raw materials and creating composite materials to improve the quality of finished products and their characteristics, such as electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, environmental, etc .; development of new biopolymers, technologies of their production and use for 3D-printing, which in the future are planned to be used in the creation of bionic parts of human bodies, etc. To overcome the main shortcomings of FDM technology, it is proposed to modernize the method of 3D printing and the extruder unit of the 3D printer, which allows to create composite materials directly (directly in the extruder), using different combinations of polymer matrices and solid reinforcing fibers.
{"title":"Investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials obtained using additive technologies","authors":"V. Solovei, V Vitalii Oleksyshen","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.1.2021.228078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2021.228078","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of polymers in all spheres of human life necessitates the creation of new more effective composite materials based on polymer matrices and reinforcing fillers, which by their characteristics meet the growing needs of society. In modern industry, production speeds are constantly increasing, so additive technologies are becoming a powerful alternative to traditional single and small-scale production. \u0000Among the existing types of additive technologies, the method of fused deposition modeling (FDM) deserves special attention, which provides an opportunity to organize production in conditions of limited material, time and human resources. As opposite to traditional production technologies, such as injection molding, FDM allows you to create products of more complex geometric shapes, using different combinations of polymer matrices and reinforcing fillers and thus create composite materials with the required physico-mechanical, rheological and other properties. At the same time, the main advantages of FDM also cause a number of serious disadvantages, such as anisotropy of the properties of finished products, printing defects that lead to increased yields of defective products, uneven physical and mechanical properties etc. In particular, the anisotropy of the properties of FDM-printed products results in significantly lower strength of the parts in the transverse direction to the 3D printing direction (strand overlay direction) compared to the longitudinal one, and the discontinuity of the reinforcing fibers in the strands of polymeric material leads to reduced strength. \u0000The main areas of research to modernize the process of manufacturing products on a 3D printer using the FDM method are: modernization of components and structures of 3D printers to improve the melting process and layering of materials, aimed at improving print quality and speed, as well as reducing defective yield products; improving the properties of raw materials and creating composite materials to improve the quality of finished products and their characteristics, such as electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, environmental, etc .; development of new biopolymers, technologies of their production and use for 3D-printing, which in the future are planned to be used in the creation of bionic parts of human bodies, etc. \u0000To overcome the main shortcomings of FDM technology, it is proposed to modernize the method of 3D printing and the extruder unit of the 3D printer, which allows to create composite materials directly (directly in the extruder), using different combinations of polymer matrices and solid reinforcing fibers.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86073261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219784
Валерія Володимирівна Вембер, Юлія Вікторівна Носачова, Тетяна Андріївна Левчук, Микола Миколайович Космина
{"title":"A study of corrosion processes in a demineralized aqueous medium in the presence of bacterial cells","authors":"Валерія Володимирівна Вембер, Юлія Вікторівна Носачова, Тетяна Андріївна Левчук, Микола Миколайович Космина","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87233740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219780
Антон Янович Карвацький, Ірина Володимирівна Омельчук, Ігор Олегович Мікульонок, Віктор Миронович Витвицький
The presence of polymers in all areas of human life has led to the need to create new polymers that meet new needs. There is a problem of limited resources in modern economics and ecology, so computer modeling methods become an alternative to experimental research of polymers. The LAMMPS software package allows to model physical systems of different complexity of the structure and the number of its constituent particles. He implements the molecular dynamics method for modeling the evolution of the system over time by integrating particle motion equations according to Newton's second law. The calculation of the physical properties of materials is based on the Lennard-Jones potential, which determines the nature of the interaction of particles of the system. Computer modeling of polymers has to begin with an accurate formulation of a research objective as the settlement model depends on the studied processes change of structure of a crystal lattice. Depending on the scale of the modelled system allocate two classes of polymeric models: atomistic and coarse-grained. The atomistic model allows to consider structure of material at the level of monomers, to study vibration and interaction of an unstructured polymeric system. They are limited in time and demand the powerful equipment. The coarse-grained model allows to investigate the generalized polymeric models for forecasting of structure of a polymeric system in the wide range of criteria and parameters. Properties of the analyzed system define in the accurate sequence: initialization of particle’s parameters, determination of lattice structure, adjustment of interaction parameters of particles, boundary conditions and variables, calculation modeling. After calculation the obtained data are analyzed to determination of the studied physical properties of polymers. Computer modeling is an effective way to investigate the physical properties of polymers, giving many opportunities for the development of materials science and new technologies.
{"title":"Investigation of the physical properties of polymers by molecular dynamics and using LAMMPS (Review)","authors":"Антон Янович Карвацький, Ірина Володимирівна Омельчук, Ігор Олегович Мікульонок, Віктор Миронович Витвицький","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219780","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of polymers in all areas of human life has led to the need to create new polymers that meet new needs. There is a problem of limited resources in modern economics and ecology, so computer modeling methods become an alternative to experimental research of polymers. The LAMMPS software package allows to model physical systems of different complexity of the structure and the number of its constituent particles. He implements the molecular dynamics method for modeling the evolution of the system over time by integrating particle motion equations according to Newton's second law. The calculation of the physical properties of materials is based on the Lennard-Jones potential, which determines the nature of the interaction of particles of the system. Computer modeling of polymers has to begin with an accurate formulation of a research objective as the settlement model depends on the studied processes change of structure of a crystal lattice. Depending on the scale of the modelled system allocate two classes of polymeric models: atomistic and coarse-grained. The atomistic model allows to consider structure of material at the level of monomers, to study vibration and interaction of an unstructured polymeric system. They are limited in time and demand the powerful equipment. The coarse-grained model allows to investigate the generalized polymeric models for forecasting of structure of a polymeric system in the wide range of criteria and parameters. Properties of the analyzed system define in the accurate sequence: initialization of particle’s parameters, determination of lattice structure, adjustment of interaction parameters of particles, boundary conditions and variables, calculation modeling. After calculation the obtained data are analyzed to determination of the studied physical properties of polymers. Computer modeling is an effective way to investigate the physical properties of polymers, giving many opportunities for the development of materials science and new technologies.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82017840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219785
Микола Дмитрович Гомеля, Марія Миколаївна Твердохліб, Валерія Олегівна Мігранова
{"title":"Using a magnetite to accelerate of iron oxidation","authors":"Микола Дмитрович Гомеля, Марія Миколаївна Твердохліб, Валерія Олегівна Мігранова","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82717871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219786
Олена Іванівна Іваненко, Юлія Вікторівна Носачова, Тамара Володимирівна Крисенко
With the expansion of the variety of environmentally friendly materials in environmental protection technologies, in particular in the processes of sorption and ion exchange, the use of native or modified forms of clinoptilolites is quite effective. Therefore, most research on zeolites focuses on the study of ion exchange and sorption properties of these materials for natural and wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, studies of the catalytic properties of these minerals are quite promising, which can be effectively used in the purification of gas emissions. Given the cheapness, availability, prevalence in Ukraine and high performance, modified zeolite-clinoptilolite can be successfully used as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, while providing a fundamentally waste-free environmentally friendly technology. Having a structure filled with channels with a large number of inlets on the surface, clinoptilolite is effectively used to absorb cations that can pass through the molecular window (3.5-4.8 A), and to replace the exchange cations of the mineral itself. They are used in petrochemistry for dehumidification and purification of gases, in construction, for purification of natural and technical waters, for extraction of radionuclides, for improvement of quality of soils, as a feed additive. Successfully used in water treatment of heavy metal ions Mn, Cu, Cr. To increase the efficiency of extraction and expansion of a number of absorbed metal ions, modification of these materials is used in various ways.When combining zeolites with metal oxides embedded in their pores, due to the combination of structural-adsorption and physico-chemical properties, catalysts based on clinoptilolite are widely used.To evaluate the possibility of using the modified MnO2 natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit as an oxide-manganese catalyst in the processes of catalytic oxidation of CO obtained by fixing a divalent manganese ion in the zeolite phase with its subsequent oxidation by permanganate ion, and its further application properties of unmodified and modified clinoptilolite.Versatility is provided not only by the possibility of obtaining a catalyst without pre-treatment of zeolite, using also spent sorbents for purification of manganese-containing natural waters, which are inherent in Ukraine, but also safety in case of burial or storage in landfills.
{"title":"Comprehensive use of natural clinoptylolite in environmental protection technologies","authors":"Олена Іванівна Іваненко, Юлія Вікторівна Носачова, Тамара Володимирівна Крисенко","doi":"10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.4.2020.219786","url":null,"abstract":"With the expansion of the variety of environmentally friendly materials in environmental protection technologies, in particular in the processes of sorption and ion exchange, the use of native or modified forms of clinoptilolites is quite effective. Therefore, most research on zeolites focuses on the study of ion exchange and sorption properties of these materials for natural and wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, studies of the catalytic properties of these minerals are quite promising, which can be effectively used in the purification of gas emissions. Given the cheapness, availability, prevalence in Ukraine and high performance, modified zeolite-clinoptilolite can be successfully used as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, while providing a fundamentally waste-free environmentally friendly technology. Having a structure filled with channels with a large number of inlets on the surface, clinoptilolite is effectively used to absorb cations that can pass through the molecular window (3.5-4.8 A), and to replace the exchange cations of the mineral itself. They are used in petrochemistry for dehumidification and purification of gases, in construction, for purification of natural and technical waters, for extraction of radionuclides, for improvement of quality of soils, as a feed additive. Successfully used in water treatment of heavy metal ions Mn, Cu, Cr. To increase the efficiency of extraction and expansion of a number of absorbed metal ions, modification of these materials is used in various ways.When combining zeolites with metal oxides embedded in their pores, due to the combination of structural-adsorption and physico-chemical properties, catalysts based on clinoptilolite are widely used.To evaluate the possibility of using the modified MnO2 natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit as an oxide-manganese catalyst in the processes of catalytic oxidation of CO obtained by fixing a divalent manganese ion in the zeolite phase with its subsequent oxidation by permanganate ion, and its further application properties of unmodified and modified clinoptilolite.Versatility is provided not only by the possibility of obtaining a catalyst without pre-treatment of zeolite, using also spent sorbents for purification of manganese-containing natural waters, which are inherent in Ukraine, but also safety in case of burial or storage in landfills.","PeriodicalId":20682,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76467556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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