Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2019.210157.1222
S. Zarre, Nafiseh Yusefi, G. Heubl
Linaria Mill. (Plantaginaceae) with about 160 spp. is the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl32-trnL) sequence data to test the monophyly of currently recognized sections in Linaria. For this purpose 86 species representing seven sections of Linaria and one species of Nuttallanthus along with representatives of four outgroup taxa of tribe Antirrhineae were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference reveal Linaria-Nuttallanthus as a monophyletic group composed of seven supported major clades that match partly with the current subgeneric treatment of the genus. Following sections are recognized here: Macrocentrum, Lectoplectron, Pelisserianae, Versicolores, Supinae, Diffusae, and Linaria. Based on our results sect. Linaria is expanded to include sect. Speciosae and some members of sect. Diffusae. A diagnostic key to sections and subsections of Linaria according this revised classification is presented. Our results indicate that seed features provide some synapomorphies for the main clades of Linaria, but their importance should be cautiously evaluated. In the case of winged and discoid seeds versus oblongoid ones, although the former seems to be the advanced state, it has been evolved independently in several sections/clades, i.e. Pelisserianae, Supinae, and Linaria. We propose major changes in circumscription of sect. Linaria which now embraces also some representatives with oblongoid seeds formerly assigned to sects. Diffusae and Speciosae.
{"title":"Subgeneric classification of Linaria (Plantaginaceae; Antirrhineae): molecular phylogeny and morphology revisited","authors":"S. Zarre, Nafiseh Yusefi, G. Heubl","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2019.210157.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2019.210157.1222","url":null,"abstract":"Linaria Mill. (Plantaginaceae) with about 160 spp. is the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl32-trnL) sequence data to test the monophyly of currently recognized sections in Linaria. For this purpose 86 species representing seven sections of Linaria and one species of Nuttallanthus along with representatives of four outgroup taxa of tribe Antirrhineae were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference reveal Linaria-Nuttallanthus as a monophyletic group composed of seven supported major clades that match partly with the current subgeneric treatment of the genus. Following sections are recognized here: Macrocentrum, Lectoplectron, Pelisserianae, Versicolores, Supinae, Diffusae, and Linaria. Based on our results sect. Linaria is expanded to include sect. Speciosae and some members of sect. Diffusae. A diagnostic key to sections and subsections of Linaria according this revised classification is presented. Our results indicate that seed features provide some synapomorphies for the main clades of Linaria, but their importance should be cautiously evaluated. In the case of winged and discoid seeds versus oblongoid ones, although the former seems to be the advanced state, it has been evolved independently in several sections/clades, i.e. Pelisserianae, Supinae, and Linaria. We propose major changes in circumscription of sect. Linaria which now embraces also some representatives with oblongoid seeds formerly assigned to sects. Diffusae and Speciosae.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":"53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85968463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2018.135429.1171
Hassan Saei, H. Hatami, Omid Purbagheriyan, S. Hosseini, G. Dehghan
Paraquat (PQ), is one of the most widely used herbicides all over the world. PQ could induce dopaminergic cell death. Since dopamine involves in memory processing, we investigated the recovery effect of vitamin C on spatial memory along with oxidative stress parameters during PQ induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n= 7): control (saline 0.9%), PQ (2.67 and 5 mg/kg), vitamin C (80 mg/kg) plus PQ (2.67), and vitamin C plus PQ (5 mg/kg). The period of intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) was once a day and for 5 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test used for studying the spatial memory. The level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), and activity of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were determined in the left hemisphere of rats. Results showed that i.p. injection of PQ in both doses, 2.67 mg/kg (P<0.05) and 5mg/kg (P<0.01) significantly decreased the spatial memory. The total SOD activity in PQ-treated groups (2.67 and 5mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.01). The level of CAT increased, in Vitamin C plus PQ groups in a dose-dependently manner (p<0.05). MDA was significantly increased in PQ-treated group (p<0.01). In PQ-treated groups that were supplemented with vitamin C, SOD activity and lipid peroxidation level were restored to normalcy. Our data revealed that PQ could impair the spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Vitamin C can prevent or diminish the oxidative stress markers in the PQ-treated rats.
{"title":"Protective role of vitamin C on spatial memory and oxidative stress alteration during paraquat-induced toxicity in male rats","authors":"Hassan Saei, H. Hatami, Omid Purbagheriyan, S. Hosseini, G. Dehghan","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2018.135429.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2018.135429.1171","url":null,"abstract":"Paraquat (PQ), is one of the most widely used herbicides all over the world. PQ could induce dopaminergic cell death. Since dopamine involves in memory processing, we investigated the recovery effect of vitamin C on spatial memory along with oxidative stress parameters during PQ induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n= 7): control (saline 0.9%), PQ (2.67 and 5 mg/kg), vitamin C (80 mg/kg) plus PQ (2.67), and vitamin C plus PQ (5 mg/kg). The period of intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) was once a day and for 5 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test used for studying the spatial memory. The level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), and activity of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were determined in the left hemisphere of rats. Results showed that i.p. injection of PQ in both doses, 2.67 mg/kg (P<0.05) and 5mg/kg (P<0.01) significantly decreased the spatial memory. The total SOD activity in PQ-treated groups (2.67 and 5mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.01). The level of CAT increased, in Vitamin C plus PQ groups in a dose-dependently manner (p<0.05). MDA was significantly increased in PQ-treated group (p<0.01). In PQ-treated groups that were supplemented with vitamin C, SOD activity and lipid peroxidation level were restored to normalcy. Our data revealed that PQ could impair the spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Vitamin C can prevent or diminish the oxidative stress markers in the PQ-treated rats.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85779766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2018.235975.1272
M. Gharaati, S. Taleahmad, Siamak Rezaeiani, M. Naghavi, Lida Habibi Rezaei, Ali Sayadmanesh
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone produced mainly by the liver in response to the endocrine growth hormone (GH) stimulus. This protein is involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including cellular differentiation, transformation, apoptosis suppression, migration and cell-cycle progression and other metabolic processes. In the current study, human heart cDNA was employed to isolate IGF-1 encoding fragment using reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR. The isolated fragment was cloned into pET32a expression vector and then transformed into the competent Escherichia coli Origami 2. After selecting the correct colony with the highest expression level, the colony was cultured and induced with IPTG. Recombinant IGF-1 expression was detected by SDS-PAGE and His-tagged protein purification was performed with the affinity chromatography. In order to confirm the activity of the resultant protein, biological activity of the recombinant IGF-1 was assayed through inducing proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Molecular techniques, including PCR, restriction digestion, mass spectrometry analyses, SDS-PAGE and biological activity analyses of this protein confirmed the correct cloning, expression, and function of IGF-1 in this study. Overall, we provided a rapid and cost effective production and purification method for IGF-1 protein, which is biologically active and functional.
{"title":"Production and functional characterization of human insulin-like growth factor 1","authors":"M. Gharaati, S. Taleahmad, Siamak Rezaeiani, M. Naghavi, Lida Habibi Rezaei, Ali Sayadmanesh","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2018.235975.1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2018.235975.1272","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone produced mainly by the liver in response to the endocrine growth hormone (GH) stimulus. This protein is involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including cellular differentiation, transformation, apoptosis suppression, migration and cell-cycle progression and other metabolic processes. In the current study, human heart cDNA was employed to isolate IGF-1 encoding fragment using reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR. The isolated fragment was cloned into pET32a expression vector and then transformed into the competent Escherichia coli Origami 2. After selecting the correct colony with the highest expression level, the colony was cultured and induced with IPTG. Recombinant IGF-1 expression was detected by SDS-PAGE and His-tagged protein purification was performed with the affinity chromatography. In order to confirm the activity of the resultant protein, biological activity of the recombinant IGF-1 was assayed through inducing proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Molecular techniques, including PCR, restriction digestion, mass spectrometry analyses, SDS-PAGE and biological activity analyses of this protein confirmed the correct cloning, expression, and function of IGF-1 in this study. Overall, we provided a rapid and cost effective production and purification method for IGF-1 protein, which is biologically active and functional.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88086828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2018.226951.1253
R. Karimi, Akbar Norastehnia, H. Abbaspour, S. S. Sar, Akram Sadat Naeemi
The increase of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) utilization in industry during recent years has resulted in their entry into aquatic ecosystems. In light of this fact, we have studied the toxicity of CuO-NPs at various concentrations on Chlorella vulgaris using an algal growth inhibition test (OECD201). Chlorella vulgaris was grown in positive Zander (Z-8 + N) media in a growth chamber. After reaching to the logarithmic growth phase, the algae were exposed to various concentrations of CuO-NPs at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours. Algal cell numbers were counted daily and the data were analyzed by Probit analysis. Some parameters such as: the effective concentration (EC10, EC50, EC90), no observed effect concentration (NOEC), specific growth rate (μ), doubling time (G) and percentage growth inhibition (I %) were calculated. The values of EC10 = 12.588, EC50 = 43.699, EC90 = 152.019 and NOEC = 4.3699 mg/L were obtained after 72 hours. The results showed significant differences between control and treatments at specified intervals of cell density and percentage of growth inhibition (P <0.05). In addition, chlorophyll and carotenoid content in treated cells were significantly lower compared to those in control samples; a decrease in the efficiency of photosynthesis is very probably a major mechanism in the reduced growth and viability of C. vulgaris exposed to CuO-NPs.
{"title":"Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"R. Karimi, Akbar Norastehnia, H. Abbaspour, S. S. Sar, Akram Sadat Naeemi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2018.226951.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2018.226951.1253","url":null,"abstract":"The increase of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) utilization in industry during recent years has resulted in their entry into aquatic ecosystems. In light of this fact, we have studied the toxicity of CuO-NPs at various concentrations on Chlorella vulgaris using an algal growth inhibition test (OECD201). Chlorella vulgaris was grown in positive Zander (Z-8 + N) media in a growth chamber. After reaching to the logarithmic growth phase, the algae were exposed to various concentrations of CuO-NPs at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours. Algal cell numbers were counted daily and the data were analyzed by Probit analysis. Some parameters such as: the effective concentration (EC10, EC50, EC90), no observed effect concentration (NOEC), specific growth rate (μ), doubling time (G) and percentage growth inhibition (I %) were calculated. The values of EC10 = 12.588, EC50 = 43.699, EC90 = 152.019 and NOEC = 4.3699 mg/L were obtained after 72 hours. The results showed significant differences between control and treatments at specified intervals of cell density and percentage of growth inhibition (P <0.05). In addition, chlorophyll and carotenoid content in treated cells were significantly lower compared to those in control samples; a decrease in the efficiency of photosynthesis is very probably a major mechanism in the reduced growth and viability of C. vulgaris exposed to CuO-NPs.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90500252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2018.206895.1217
M. Fanaei, G. Emtiazi
The identification, differentiation and classification of microorganisms have been subjects of research for many years. Recently, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques have gained attention in the characterization and classification of microorganisms based on biochemical profiles and cell structure characteristics. In the present study, the characterization and differentiation of pigmented photoreceptor-producing microorganisms using FTIR spectroscopy was carried out. For this purpose some microorganisms were isolated from different environments, of which three photoreceptor-producing bacteria were selected to limit the scope of the study to one phenotypic characteristic. Genomic relatedness among the isolated strains was investigated and it was shown that these strains had similarities to the Kushneria marisflavi, Halobacillus halophilus and Halobacillus faecis species. In addition, Halobacterium salinarum was investigated as a typical representative photoreceptor-producing archaeon. Spectra (500-4000 cm-1) of the intact cells and crude extracted pigments were recorded on an FTIR spectrometer and compared with each other. The similarities among the spectra were evaluated using hierarchical cluster analysis and compared with the phylogenic tree based on genomic study. Our results demonstrate that hierarchical clustering based on extracted pigments shows separation of strains more distinctly than those based on intact cells. The results of the present study suggest that FTIR analysis of bacterial pigments is an easy and economical technique comparable to other phylogenetic markers, for the differentiation and characterization of bacteria.
{"title":"Identification and characterization of pigmented photoreceptor-producing microorganisms using FTIR spectroscopy","authors":"M. Fanaei, G. Emtiazi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2018.206895.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2018.206895.1217","url":null,"abstract":"The identification, differentiation and classification of microorganisms have been subjects of research for many years. Recently, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques have gained attention in the characterization and classification of microorganisms based on biochemical profiles and cell structure characteristics. In the present study, the characterization and differentiation of pigmented photoreceptor-producing microorganisms using FTIR spectroscopy was carried out. For this purpose some microorganisms were isolated from different environments, of which three photoreceptor-producing bacteria were selected to limit the scope of the study to one phenotypic characteristic. Genomic relatedness among the isolated strains was investigated and it was shown that these strains had similarities to the Kushneria marisflavi, Halobacillus halophilus and Halobacillus faecis species. In addition, Halobacterium salinarum was investigated as a typical representative photoreceptor-producing archaeon. Spectra (500-4000 cm-1) of the intact cells and crude extracted pigments were recorded on an FTIR spectrometer and compared with each other. The similarities among the spectra were evaluated using hierarchical cluster analysis and compared with the phylogenic tree based on genomic study. Our results demonstrate that hierarchical clustering based on extracted pigments shows separation of strains more distinctly than those based on intact cells. The results of the present study suggest that FTIR analysis of bacterial pigments is an easy and economical technique comparable to other phylogenetic markers, for the differentiation and characterization of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90047036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2018.244609.1284
N. Kashef, Z. Seyyedi, A. Gohari
Background: Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious concern in treatment of diseases and medical industries. Natural products that originate in plants can influence microbial biofilm formation. The effect of ethyl acetate, methanol and water- methanol extracts of Quercus brantii on biofilm formation and biofilm disruption of P. aeruginosa were investigated in this study. Methods: The effect of Q. brantii extracts on biofilm formation ability of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and clinical isolates was tested using crystal violet (CV) staining assay. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of the extracts against pre-formed biofilms alone and in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was also investigated. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of Q. brantii was the most effective extract and inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation over 70%. It was followed by water-methanol extract (52% - 66% inhibition) and methanol extract (44% - 57% inhibition). Water-methanol extract of Q. brantii was more effective in eradication of P. aeruginosa pre-formed biofilms. The MBEC of Q. brantti extracts in combination with NAC was decreased in comparison to MBEC of Q. brantti extracts alone. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Q. brantii extracts had a good inhibitory effect on biofilm formation ability of P. aeruginosa and could eradicate preformed-biofilms in combination with NAC.
{"title":"In vitro activity of Quercus brantii extracts against biofilm- producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"N. Kashef, Z. Seyyedi, A. Gohari","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2018.244609.1284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2018.244609.1284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious concern in treatment of diseases and medical industries. Natural products that originate in plants can influence microbial biofilm formation. The effect of ethyl acetate, methanol and water- methanol extracts of Quercus brantii on biofilm formation and biofilm disruption of P. aeruginosa were investigated in this study. Methods: The effect of Q. brantii extracts on biofilm formation ability of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and clinical isolates was tested using crystal violet (CV) staining assay. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of the extracts against pre-formed biofilms alone and in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was also investigated. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of Q. brantii was the most effective extract and inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation over 70%. It was followed by water-methanol extract (52% - 66% inhibition) and methanol extract (44% - 57% inhibition). Water-methanol extract of Q. brantii was more effective in eradication of P. aeruginosa pre-formed biofilms. The MBEC of Q. brantti extracts in combination with NAC was decreased in comparison to MBEC of Q. brantti extracts alone. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Q. brantii extracts had a good inhibitory effect on biofilm formation ability of P. aeruginosa and could eradicate preformed-biofilms in combination with NAC.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86568996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-23DOI: 10.22059/PBS.2016.590024
Golandam Sharifi
An efficient protocol is suggested for in vitro culture of five Phalaenopsis hybrids obtained by hand-cross-pollination of three commercial hybrids Calgary, Ankara, and Kendall. Four nutrient media- namely half-strength Murashige and Skoog, Knudson, Phytamax containing activated charcoal, and Mitra– once supplemented (with coconut water, peptone, or both), and once without any supplement were considered as the experimental and control groups of the study which were then compared and evaluated for seed germination and protocorm formation. All of the seeds of hybrids H and N were germinated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with peptone. To evaluate plant regeneration rate, three different media including half-strength Murashige and Skoog, Viking-Ship containing 2.75gr/L NPK (10-20-30), and Hyponex containing [1gr/L NPK (20-20-20)+1gr/L NPK (6.5-6-19)] were compared. The maximum number of healthy plantlets, roots per plantlet, and leaves per plantlet were induced in the half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium. Around 93% of the plants produced in vitro were able to establish ex vitro. The obtained results showed that, the use of the half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium is well suited for the mass propagation of Phalaenopsis.
{"title":"Effects of culture medium and supplementation on seed germination, protocorm formation and regeneration of some Phalaenopsis hybrids","authors":"Golandam Sharifi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.590024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.590024","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient protocol is suggested for in vitro culture of five Phalaenopsis hybrids obtained by hand-cross-pollination of three commercial hybrids Calgary, Ankara, and Kendall. Four nutrient media- namely half-strength Murashige and Skoog, Knudson, Phytamax containing activated charcoal, and Mitra– once supplemented (with coconut water, peptone, or both), and once without any supplement were considered as the experimental and control groups of the study which were then compared and evaluated for seed germination and protocorm formation. All of the seeds of hybrids H and N were germinated on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with peptone. To evaluate plant regeneration rate, three different media including half-strength Murashige and Skoog, Viking-Ship containing 2.75gr/L NPK (10-20-30), and Hyponex containing [1gr/L NPK (20-20-20)+1gr/L NPK (6.5-6-19)] were compared. The maximum number of healthy plantlets, roots per plantlet, and leaves per plantlet were induced in the half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium. Around 93% of the plants produced in vitro were able to establish ex vitro. The obtained results showed that, the use of the half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium is well suited for the mass propagation of Phalaenopsis.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77092290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide synthesized mainly by stomach and hypothalamus. Ghrelin decreases secretion of thyroid hormones. Testosterone is an esteroidogenic hormone that exerts stimulatory effects on Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interactions between the central injection of ghrelin and testosterone on mean plasma thyroid hormones concentration. Twenty male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups. The groups received saline, 5 nmol ghrelin, 1 μg testosterone and simultaneous injection of 5 nmol ghrelin and 1 μg testosterone in third cerebral ventricle in volumes of 3 μl. Blood samples were collected one day before injection and until 12 hours after that. Mean plasma thyroid hormones concentrations were determined by radio-immunoassay (RIA). The results indicated that testosterone significantly increased the mean plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones after injection compared to before injection, whereas ghrelin significantly decreased the mean plasma concentration of T3 and T4 compared to before injection. The results demonstrated that ghrelin significantly decreased the stimulatory effect of testosterone on mean plasma T3 and T4 concentrations.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TESTOSTERONE AND GHRELIN ON MEAN PLASMA THYROID HORMONES CONCENTRATION IN MALE RATS","authors":"sina - taghvimi, H. Khazali, Farzaneh Haghnazari","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59007","url":null,"abstract":"Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide synthesized mainly by stomach and hypothalamus. Ghrelin decreases secretion of thyroid hormones. Testosterone is an esteroidogenic hormone that exerts stimulatory effects on Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interactions between the central injection of ghrelin and testosterone on mean plasma thyroid hormones concentration. Twenty male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups. The groups received saline, 5 nmol ghrelin, 1 μg testosterone and simultaneous injection of 5 nmol ghrelin and 1 μg testosterone in third cerebral ventricle in volumes of 3 μl. Blood samples were collected one day before injection and until 12 hours after that. Mean plasma thyroid hormones concentrations were determined by radio-immunoassay (RIA). The results indicated that testosterone significantly increased the mean plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones after injection compared to before injection, whereas ghrelin significantly decreased the mean plasma concentration of T3 and T4 compared to before injection. The results demonstrated that ghrelin significantly decreased the stimulatory effect of testosterone on mean plasma T3 and T4 concentrations.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89062754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jabbari, F. Sabahi, B. Khansarinejad, R. Shirkoohi, H. Saberi, M. Parvin, E. Ahmadi
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes persistent infection in humans and severe diseases in fetus andimmunocompromised individuals. Although HCMV is not currently implicated in human cancer, emerging evidence suggests that HCMV infection might be specifically associated with some human malignancies including glioma. Glioma is one of the most common brain tumors affecting children and adults. In this study, we used Real-Time (RT) PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques for detection of HCMV infection in glioma brain tumor biopsies. Paraffin embedded tumor tissues were obtained from patients who had been diagnosed with glioma. After designing of specific primers for the HCMV US28 region, a RT-PCR method was developed for HCMV DNA detection. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the same samples by using monoclonal antibodies specific for immediate earlyprotein (IE)-72 and IE 86 protein of HCMV. The results of RT-PCR on 4 of 18 patients (22/2 %) were positive. Two of the patients with HCMV positive RT-PCR results, passed away. Seven patients (38.8%) were positive with the IHC assay. It was also shown that in patients with higher grade of glioma, higher level of positive cells was observed using IE72 and IE 86 antibodies. Considering the results and controversies associated with reports from other regions of the world, a more comprehensive study using this and other diagnostic methods are suggested in Iranian patients with glioma.
{"title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection in tumor specimens of Iranian patients with glioma","authors":"M. Jabbari, F. Sabahi, B. Khansarinejad, R. Shirkoohi, H. Saberi, M. Parvin, E. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59003","url":null,"abstract":"Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes persistent infection in humans and severe diseases in fetus andimmunocompromised individuals. Although HCMV is not currently implicated in human cancer, emerging evidence suggests that HCMV infection might be specifically associated with some human malignancies including glioma. Glioma is one of the most common brain tumors affecting children and adults. In this study, we used Real-Time (RT) PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques for detection of HCMV infection in glioma brain tumor biopsies. Paraffin embedded tumor tissues were obtained from patients who had been diagnosed with glioma. After designing of specific primers for the HCMV US28 region, a RT-PCR method was developed for HCMV DNA detection. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the same samples by using monoclonal antibodies specific for immediate earlyprotein (IE)-72 and IE 86 protein of HCMV. The results of RT-PCR on 4 of 18 patients (22/2 %) were positive. Two of the patients with HCMV positive RT-PCR results, passed away. Seven patients (38.8%) were positive with the IHC assay. It was also shown that in patients with higher grade of glioma, higher level of positive cells was observed using IE72 and IE 86 antibodies. Considering the results and controversies associated with reports from other regions of the world, a more comprehensive study using this and other diagnostic methods are suggested in Iranian patients with glioma.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81275952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Actinomycetes are a source of a broad variety of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, such as antifungi, antibiotics and antitumorals; many of which have been developed for clinical use. In this study, 34 actinomycetes from untouched soils were isolated from Alborz Province-Iran. Evaluation ofantifungal and anti bacterial activities of these isolates, demonstrated the capability of the isolates to inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of an isolate were also tested against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their inhibited zones were measured. 53% of isolates were active against at least one of the seven tested pathogens and 32% of actinomycetes were active against tested pathogenic fungi. Some of the actinomycetal isolates had shown strong antifungal and antibacterial activity which promises a good source of novel antimicrobial agents. As a case, isolate act-3 was selected for its high antimicrobial activity against MRSA. These results suggested that actinomycetes from Alborz Province have a good potential for the production of biologically active compounds.
{"title":"Isolation of biologically active Actinomycetes from untouched soils: a case study from Karaj district, Iran","authors":"E. Salehghamari, Maryam Najafi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59009","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes are a source of a broad variety of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, such as antifungi, antibiotics and antitumorals; many of which have been developed for clinical use. In this study, 34 actinomycetes from untouched soils were isolated from Alborz Province-Iran. Evaluation ofantifungal and anti bacterial activities of these isolates, demonstrated the capability of the isolates to inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of an isolate were also tested against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their inhibited zones were measured. 53% of isolates were active against at least one of the seven tested pathogens and 32% of actinomycetes were active against tested pathogenic fungi. Some of the actinomycetal isolates had shown strong antifungal and antibacterial activity which promises a good source of novel antimicrobial agents. As a case, isolate act-3 was selected for its high antimicrobial activity against MRSA. These results suggested that actinomycetes from Alborz Province have a good potential for the production of biologically active compounds.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89258650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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